CN113909736A - Nickel-based alloy welding powder and manufacturing method and using method thereof - Google Patents
Nickel-based alloy welding powder and manufacturing method and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113909736A CN113909736A CN202111140490.1A CN202111140490A CN113909736A CN 113909736 A CN113909736 A CN 113909736A CN 202111140490 A CN202111140490 A CN 202111140490A CN 113909736 A CN113909736 A CN 113909736A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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Abstract
The application relates to nickel-based alloy welding powder and a manufacturing method and a using method thereof, wherein the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.40-0.60%, Si: 2.30-2.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.010 percent, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, Fe: 27.0 to 32.0%, Cu: 0.10-0.40%, Ce: 0.01-0.06%, Y: 0.01-0.05% and the balance of Ni. The application also comprises a manufacturing method and a using method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder. The welding method has the advantages of reasonable design, low weld hardness, small cracking risk, no need of preheating before welding and no need of heat treatment after welding.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to nickel-based alloy welding powder, a manufacturing method and a using (welding) method thereof, which are mainly suitable for producing nickel-iron-based filling powder for laser welding of low-carbon steel and gray cast iron and a using method thereof.
Background
The welding of dissimilar metal materials of low carbon steel and cast iron is commonly applied to various product structures. The structure of gray cast iron is formed by the graphitization process when molten iron is slowly cooled, and mainly consists of flake graphite and a pearlite matrix structure. The flake graphite is equivalent to small cracks in the cast iron, so that the matrix is cut, the effective disaster area of the steel is reduced, the strength of the grey cast iron is reduced, and the plasticity is almost zero. The cast iron has special chemical components, high contents of carbon, silicon, sulfur and phosphorus, wherein the sulfur and the phosphorus are impurity elements, and the low-carbon steel has low carbon content, low contents of the impurity elements of the sulfur and the phosphorus and good welding performance. However, in the area where the carbon steel and the cast iron are fused, elements which are not favorable for welding, such as carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, and the like in the cast iron are diluted to the carbon steel side. The content fraction of carbon in the welding seam can reach 1.0-2.0%, the sulfur content is also high, the formation of low-melting-point eutectic of FeS and Fe is promoted, and the welding seam with high carbon content can increase the thermal crack sensitivity, so that the welding seam is cracked.
In order to avoid cracks of welding seams between carbon steel and cast iron, the welding rod special for the common cast iron is used for welding under the condition of preheating, and when a lap joint of the carbon steel and the cast iron is welded, a groove needs to be formed on the side of the carbon steel, so that the automation degree is low, and the production efficiency is low. The laser welding is a high-energy-density welding method, has the characteristics of energy concentration, small heat affected zone, small welding deformation, high automation degree and the like, has strong penetration capacity of laser welding, and can directly melt through carbon steel and melt part of cast iron at the bottom to form a permanent connecting welding seam when welding a lap joint of the carbon steel and the cast iron. For the dissimilar metal welding method of low-carbon steel and cast iron, a workpiece to be welded is generally welded by adopting a swing and offset self-melting welding process, and swing welding is carried out on the laser incidence point which is about 35-45% offset to the low-carbon steel side so as to improve the crack resistance of a welding line.
The risk of welding seam cracking cannot be fundamentally avoided by adopting a laser empty melting and light spot swinging mode, the welding seam gap has 0-0.30 mm fluctuation in the actual product assembling process, and factors such as the reflectivity of welding equipment and products easily cause the fluctuation of actual welding power, so that the fusion rate fluctuation can be caused by slight carelessness, cracks or poor fusion defects are generated in the welding seam, and the engineering application is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the application is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provide the nickel-based alloy welding powder suitable for welding carbon steel and cast iron, the manufacturing method and the using method thereof, so that the crack resistance of a welding seam is improved, and the welding deformation is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the application for solving the technical problems comprises the following steps: the nickel-based alloy welding powder suitable for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.40-0.60%, Si: 2.30-2.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.010 percent, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, Fe: 27.0 to 32.0%, Cu: 0.10-0.40%, Ce: 0.01-0.06%, Y: 0.01-0.05% and the balance of Ni.
When the nickel-based welding material is used, the welding seam has an austenite matrix with good plasticity and is insensitive to cold cracks. In addition, nickel and iron are infinitely mutually soluble, carbon and nickel do not form a compound and exist in a graphite form, and because the content of C in cast iron is very high, excessive hard and brittle carbides can be avoided after the content of Ni is increased, the hardness in a welding seam is reduced, and the cracking tendency is reduced. Therefore, the present application uses Ni element as a matrix and the C content is controlled in the range of 0.40-0.60%.
Further, Si is a ferrite-forming element, and many silicides (FeSi, Fe) can be formed2Si、Fe3Si、Fe5Si) which has a tendency of embrittling the structure, but the silicon can improve the fluidity of a molten pool, further improve the forming performance of a welding seam and ensure the attractive appearance of the welding seam, so the silicon content is controlled within the range of 2.3-2.5%.
Fe can reduce the component difference between the welding line and cast iron and carbon steel, can reduce the cost of welding powder, and can increase the content of iron element as far as possible on the premise of ensuring the crack resistance of the welding line, so the iron content is controlled within the range of 27-32%.
The rare earth element Y has stronger desulfurization and dephosphorization effects, so that low-melting-point eutectic matters among austenite crystals are reduced, the grains can be refined, the mechanical property of a welding line is improved, the thermal crack resistance is improved, the excessive rare earth element Y increases the contents of S, P, Si and C in the crystal boundary of the welding line, the segregation is intensified, and particularly the content of intercrystalline C and the segregation degree are greatly increased. And the distribution is gradually deteriorated, so that weld metal is inevitably deviated from eutectic components, a brittle temperature area is increased, and the hot cracking sensitivity of the weld is increased.
The rare earth element Ce has the function of promoting graphitization, and the type and distribution of carbon in the weld joint can be adjusted. Besides the great influence on the hot crack sensitivity of the welding seam, proper amount of cerium can reduce the hardness of the welding seam and a semi-melting zone. The content of cerium is controlled to be within the range of 0.01-0.06%.
The elements such as S and P can increase the hot crack sensitivity of weld metal, if the content is higher, the possibility of generating cracks is increased, so the content of S is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and the content of P is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.010 percent.
Preferably, the content of Y in the nickel-based alloy welding powder is controlled within the range of 0.02-0.04%, and the content of Ce is controlled within the range of 0.03-0.06%.
The technical scheme that this application solved above-mentioned technical problem and adopted still includes: the manufacturing method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
selecting materials, preparing materials, smelting, atomizing, screening powder, detecting and packaging;
selecting carbon powder, industrial silicon, iron sheets, metallic nickel, copper-cerium alloy and copper-yttrium alloy as raw materials;
the ingredients are proportioned according to the mass percentage requirement of each component in the nickel-based alloy welding powder (the components meet the requirement of the nickel-based alloy welding powder after the raw materials are proportioned).
The furnace lining material during smelting is magnesia, the charging sequence is 1/2 parts by mass of metallic nickel, carbon powder, industrial silicon, copper-cerium alloy, copper-yttrium alloy, 1/2 parts by mass of metallic nickel and iron sheet (charging is carried out according to the sequence, the burning loss of rare earth elements cerium and yttrium can be avoided to the maximum extent, the uniformity of the whole components is easily ensured), the smelting time is 45 minutes, the calming time is 2 minutes, and the tapping temperature (smelting temperature) is 1610 ℃.
The nozzle diameter that this application atomizing in-process adopted is 6 mm, and atomizing nozzle diameter is 5mm, and the atomizing time is 12 minutes, and barrel maximum pressure 5800 Pa during the atomizing, protective gas is nitrogen gas during the atomizing.
The nickel-based alloy welding powder with the specification of 100-200 meshes is preferably used as the final welding powder during powder screening.
The technical solution adopted for solving the above technical problems further includes: the use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a base material:
the gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.16-3.30%, Si: 1.79 to 1.93%, Mn: 0.89-1.04%, S: 0.094-0.125%, P: 0.12-0.17%, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is more than or equal to 4 mm;
the carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.40 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.040%, P: less than or equal to 0.040 percent, the minimum tensile strength of 250MPa and the thickness of 2-4 mm;
placing carbon steel on the surface of the gray cast iron, and keeping a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the gray cast iron;
(2) laser powder filling welding:
the nickel-based alloy welding powder is synchronously filled in the welding process by adopting a laser welding method, and the welding is completed by utilizing laser welding energy.
Preferably, in the step 2, the laser powder filling welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000-5000W, the welding speed is 0.7-1.2 m/min, the defocusing amount is-4-0 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow rate of the protective gas is 10-15L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.7-1.0 mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.5-2.2 g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 3-7L/min.
Further, when the laser powder filling welding is performed on arc closing, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and 0.5S is kept. The size of the crater can be reduced, and crater cracks are avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the application lie in:
compared with the traditional arc welding, the laser powder filling welding method does not need to open a groove or preset holes on the side of the carbon steel. In addition, the heat input in the welding process can be effectively controlled, the welding deformation of workpieces is reduced, and good fusion between carbon steel and cast iron can be ensured.
Compared with the existing laser empty melting powder-filling-free process, the crack resistance of the welding line is increased, the side melting depth of cast iron can be improved to 3 mm from about 0.4 mm, the adaptability of the assembly clearance of the workpiece is greatly increased, and the process has high engineering popularization value.
When the laser empty fusion welding is adopted, the white cast iron area in the welding seam is wide, the hardness in the welding seam is as high as 700 HV2, when the laser powder filling welding method is adopted, the hardness of the welding seam is reduced to 250 and 450 HV2, the hardness of the welding seam is low, the cracking risk is small, preheating is not needed before welding, and heat treatment is not needed after welding.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic application diagram of an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The nickel-based alloy welding powder suitable for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.40-0.60%, Si: 2.30-2.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.010 percent, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, Fe: 27.0 to 32.0%, Cu: 0.10-0.40%, Ce: 0.01-0.06%, Y: 0.01-0.05% and the balance of Ni.
The application method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder (for welding carbon steel and cast iron) comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a base material:
the cast iron 1 used in the application is gray cast iron, and comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.16-3.30%, Si: 1.79 to 1.93%, Mn: 0.89-1.04%, S: 0.094-0.125%, P: 0.12-0.17%, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness H1 is more than or equal to 4 mm.
The carbon steel 2 used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.40 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.040%, P: less than or equal to 0.040 percent, the minimum tensile strength of 250MPa and the thickness H2 of 2-4 mm.
Referring to fig. 1, (1) placing carbon steel 2 which is not grooved (flat plate) on the surface of cast iron 1, wherein the clearance L1 between the carbon steel 2 and the cast iron 1 is 0-0.30 mm;
(2) laser powder filling welding:
the method comprises the steps of applying laser to the central area of a welding seam 3 of carbon steel 2 by adopting a laser welding method to gradually form a final welding seam 3 shown in figure 1, synchronously filling nickel-based alloy welding powder described in the application after the carbon steel 2 starts to melt, and completing welding by utilizing laser welding energy.
Preferably, in step 2, the welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000-5000W, the welding speed is 0.7-1.2 m/min, the defocusing amount is-4-0 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow rate of the protective gas is 10-15L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.7-1.0 mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.5-2.2 g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 3-7L/min.
Further, in the laser powder filling welding mode, when the arc is closed, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and the time is kept to be 0.5S. The size of the crater can be reduced, and crater cracks are avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the application lie in:
compared with the traditional arc welding, the laser powder filling method does not need to open a groove or preset a hole on the side of the carbon steel. In addition, the heat input in the welding process can be effectively controlled, the welding deformation of workpieces is reduced, and good fusion between carbon steel and cast iron can be ensured.
Compared with the existing laser empty melting powder-filling-free process, the crack resistance of the welding line is increased, the cast iron side melting depth H can be increased from about 0.4 mm to about 3 mm, the adaptability of the workpiece assembly gap is greatly increased, and the process has high engineering popularization value.
When the laser empty fusion welding is adopted, the white cast iron area in the welding seam is wide, the hardness in the welding seam is as high as 700 HV2, when the laser powder filling welding method is adopted, the hardness of the welding seam is reduced to 250 and 450 HV2, the hardness of the welding seam is low, the cracking risk is small, preheating is not needed before welding, and heat treatment is not needed after welding.
The present application is further explained below with reference to specific embodiments:
example 1
The welding powder is prepared by adopting a formula with each chemical component as the lower limit of the application, and the welding process parameters are parameters of the middle area of the application to finish the welding joint of the embodiment 1.
The nickel-based alloy welding powder for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.41%, Si: 2.31%, P: 0.002%, S: 0.002%, Fe: 27.1%, Ce: 0.012%, Y: 0.012 percent and Ni as the rest, and the specification of the welding powder is 100-200 meshes.
The use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a base material:
the gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.21%, Si: 1.83%, Mn: 0.94%, S: 0.11%, P: 0.14 percent, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is 10 mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 0.14%, Si: 0.11%, Mn: 1.12%, S: 0.01%, P: 0.02%, tensile strength 267MPa, and thickness 2.5 mm.
And placing carbon steel on the surface of the cast iron, and keeping a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the cast iron.
(2) Laser powder filling welding:
the welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 4000W, the welding speed is 0.95m/min, the defocusing amount is-2 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow rate of the protective gas is 13L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 1.0mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.9g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 5L/min.
And during arc-closing, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and the time is kept at 0.5S.
(3) And (5) after welding, naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 2
The welding powder is prepared by adopting a formula with each chemical component as the upper limit of the application, and the welding process parameters are parameters of the middle area of the application to finish the welding joint of the embodiment 2.
The nickel-based alloy welding powder for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.59%, Si: 2.58%, P: 0.009%, S: 0.004%, Fe: 29.8%, Ce: 0.058%, Y: 0.048 percent, the balance of Ni, and the specification of the welding powder is 100-200 meshes.
The use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of parent material
The gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.21%, Si: 1.83%, Mn: 0.94%, S: 0.11%, P: 0.14 percent, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is 5 mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 0.14%, Si: 0.11%, Mn: 1.12%, S: 0.01%, P: 0.02%, tensile strength 267MPa, and thickness 2.5 mm.
And placing carbon steel on the surface of the cast iron, and keeping a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the cast iron.
(2) Laser powder filled welding
The welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 4000W, the welding speed is 0.95m/min, the defocusing amount is-2 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow rate of the protective gas is 13L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 1.0mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.9g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 5L/min. The motion trail of the laser powder filling welding is linear.
And during arc-closing, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and the time is kept at 0.5S.
(3) And (5) after welding, naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 3
The welding powder is prepared by adopting the formula with each chemical component as the middle area of the application, and the welding process parameters are the parameters of the middle area of the application to finish the welding joint of the embodiment 3.
The nickel-based alloy welding powder for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.51%, Si: 2.45%, P: 0.005%, S: 0.004%, Fe: 28.5%, Ce: 0.035%, Y: 0.03 percent, the balance being Ni, and the specification of the welding powder is 100-200 meshes.
The use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of parent material
The gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.21%, Si: 1.83%, Mn: 0.94%, S: 0.11%, P: 0.14 percent, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is 8 mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 0.14%, Si: 0.11%, Mn: 1.12%, S: 0.01%, P: 0.02%, tensile strength 267MPa, and thickness 3.0 mm.
And placing carbon steel on the surface of the cast iron, and keeping a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the cast iron.
(2) Laser powder filled welding
The welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 4000W, the welding speed is 0.95m/min, the defocusing amount is-2 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow rate of the protective gas is 13L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.8mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.9g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 5L/min.
And during arc-closing, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and the time is kept at 0.5S.
(3) And (5) after welding, naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 4
The welding powder is prepared by adopting the formula with each chemical component as the middle area of the application, and the welding process parameter is the lower limit parameter of the application to complete the welding joint of the embodiment 4.
The nickel-based alloy welding powder for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.51%, Si: 2.45%, P: 0.005%, S: 0.004%, Fe: 28.5%, Ce: 0.035%, Y: 0.03 percent, the balance being Ni, and the specification of the welding powder is 100-200 meshes.
The use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of parent material
The gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.21%, Si: 1.83%, Mn: 0.94%, S: 0.11%, P: 0.14 percent, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is 4 mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 0.14%, Si: 0.11%, Mn: 1.12%, S: 0.01%, P: 0.02%, tensile strength 267MPa, and thickness 2.0 mm.
And placing carbon steel on the surface of the cast iron, and keeping a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the cast iron.
(2) Laser powder filled welding
The welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000W, the welding speed is 1.2 m/min, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow rate of the protective gas is 10L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.7mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.5g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 3L/min.
And during arc-closing, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and the time is kept at 0.5S.
(3) And (5) after welding, naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 5
The welding powder is prepared by adopting the formula with each chemical component as the middle area of the application, and the welding process parameter is the upper limit parameter of the application to finish the welding joint of the embodiment 5.
The nickel-based alloy welding powder for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.51%, Si: 2.45%, P: 0.005%, S: 0.004%, Fe: 28.5%, Ce: 0.035%, Y: 0.03 percent, the balance being Ni, and the specification of the welding powder is 100-200 meshes.
The use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of parent material
The gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.21%, Si: 1.83%, Mn: 0.94%, S: 0.11%, P: 0.14 percent, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is 10 mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 0.14%, Si: 0.11%, Mn: 1.12%, S: 0.01%, P: 0.02%, tensile strength 267MPa, thickness 4.0 mm.
And placing carbon steel on the surface of the cast iron, and keeping a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the cast iron.
(2) Laser powder filled welding
The welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 5000W, the welding speed is 0.7m/min, the defocusing amount is-4.0 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow of the protective gas is 15L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 1.0mm, the powder feeding speed is 2.2g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the flow of the powder feeding gas is 7L/min.
And during arc-closing, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and the time is kept at 0.5S.
(3) And (5) after welding, naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 6
The welding powder is prepared by adopting the formula with each chemical component as the middle area of the application, and the welding process parameter is the upper limit parameter of the application to complete the welding joint of the embodiment 6.
The nickel-based alloy welding powder for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.51%, Si: 2.45%, P: 0.005%, S: 0.004%, Fe: 28.5%, Ce: 0.035%, Y: 0.03 percent, the balance being Ni, and the specification of the welding powder is 100-200 meshes.
The use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of parent material
The gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.21%, Si: 1.83%, Mn: 0.94%, S: 0.11%, P: 0.14 percent, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is 10 mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 0.14%, Si: 0.11%, Mn: 1.12%, S: 0.01%, P: 0.02%, tensile strength 267MPa, and thickness 2.0 mm.
And placing carbon steel on the surface of the cast iron, and keeping a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the cast iron.
(2) Laser powder filled welding
The welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 5000W, the welding speed is 0.7m/min, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow rate of the protective gas is 15L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 1.0mm, the powder feeding speed is 2.2g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 7L/min. The motion trail of the laser powder filling welding is linear.
And during arc-closing, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and the time is kept at 0.5S.
(3) And (5) after welding, naturally cooling to room temperature.
All simple variations and combinations of the technical features and technical solutions of the present application are considered to fall within the scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The nickel-based alloy welding powder is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.40-0.60%, Si: 2.30-2.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.010 percent, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, Fe: 27.0 to 32.0%, Cu: 0.10-0.40%, Ce: 0.01-0.06%, Y: 0.01-0.05% and the balance of Ni.
2. The nickel-base alloy welding powder of claim 1, wherein: the content of Y in the nickel-based alloy welding powder is within the range of 0.02-0.04%.
3. The nickel-based alloy welding powder suitable for welding carbon steel and cast iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the Ce content is in the range of 0.03-0.06%.
4. A method for preparing the nickel-based alloy welding powder as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, which comprises the following steps:
selecting materials, preparing materials, smelting, atomizing, screening powder, detecting and packaging;
selecting carbon powder, industrial silicon, iron sheets, metallic nickel, copper-cerium alloy and copper-yttrium alloy as raw materials;
the furnace lining material during smelting is magnesia, the charging sequence is 1/2 parts by mass of metallic nickel, carbon powder, industrial silicon, copper-cerium alloy, copper-yttrium alloy, 1/2 parts by mass of metallic nickel and iron sheet, the nickel-based alloy welding powder smelting time is 45 minutes, the calming time is 2 minutes, and the tapping temperature is 1610 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the nickel-based alloy welding powder according to claim 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the diameter of a nozzle adopted in the atomization process is 6 mm, the diameter of an atomization leakage nozzle is 5mm, the atomization time is 12 minutes, the maximum pressure of a cylinder body during atomization is 5800 Pa, and the protective gas during atomization is nitrogen.
6. A method of using the nickel-base alloy welding powder of any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a base material:
the gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.16-3.30%, Si: 1.79 to 1.93%, Mn: 0.89-1.04%, S: 0.094-0.125%, P: 0.12-0.17%, the minimum tensile strength is 250MPa, and the thickness is more than or equal to 4 mm;
the carbon steel comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.40 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.040%, P: less than or equal to 0.040 percent, the minimum tensile strength of 250MPa and the thickness of 2-4 mm;
placing carbon steel on the surface of the gray cast iron, and keeping a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the gray cast iron;
(2) laser powder filling welding:
and a laser welding method is adopted, the nickel-based alloy welding powder is synchronously filled in the welding process, and the welding is completed by utilizing laser energy.
7. The use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder as set forth in claim 6, which is characterized in that: the laser powder filling welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000-5000W, the welding speed is 0.7-1.2 m/min, the defocusing amount is-4-0 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow rate of the protective gas is 10-15L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.7-1.0 mm, the powder feeding speed is 1.5-2.2 g/min, the powder feeding gas is 99.999% He, and the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 3-7L/min.
8. The use method of the nickel-based alloy welding powder as defined in claim 7, wherein: when the laser powder filling welding is performed on arc closing, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and 0.5S is kept.
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