CN113909735A - Nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire and manufacturing method and using method thereof - Google Patents
Nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire and manufacturing method and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 284
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 54
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017384 Fe3Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910005347 FeSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001037 White iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire and a manufacturing method and a using method thereof, wherein the nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.40 to 0.50%, Si: 2.10-2.50%, P: less than or equal to 0.010 percent, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, Fe: 29.0-32.0%, Ce: 0.02-0.05%, Y: 0.01-0.04% and the balance of Ni. The manufacturing method of the nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire comprises the following steps: smelting → forging → rolling → 8 mm wire rod → solution treatment → acid cleaning → alkali cleaning → water cleaning → ash application → drying → rough drawing to 5mm → multi-pass drawing and annealing → drawing to 1.4 mm → light drawing of the steel jade mold to 1.2 mm → coiling → packaging to form the welding wire. The application also includes a method of using the nickel-iron based alloy welding wire. The welding seam welding device is reasonable in design, high in production efficiency and good in adaptability, and the crack resistance of the welding seam is improved, and the welding deformation is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire for welding carbon steel and cast iron, a manufacturing method and a using method thereof, which are mainly suitable for laser welding of low-carbon steel and gray cast iron.
Background
The welding of dissimilar metal materials of low carbon steel and cast iron is commonly applied to various product structures. The structure of gray cast iron is formed by the graphitization process when molten iron is slowly cooled, and mainly consists of flake graphite and a pearlite matrix structure. The flake graphite is equivalent to small cracks in the cast iron, so that the matrix is cut, the effective disaster area of the steel is reduced, the strength of the grey cast iron is reduced, and the plasticity is almost zero. The cast iron has special chemical components, high contents of carbon, silicon, sulfur and phosphorus, wherein the sulfur and the phosphorus are impurity elements, and the low-carbon steel has low carbon content, low contents of the impurity elements of the sulfur and the phosphorus and good welding performance. However, in the area where the carbon steel and the cast iron are fused, elements which are not favorable for welding, such as carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, and the like in the cast iron are diluted to the carbon steel side. The content fraction of carbon in the welding seam can reach 1.0-2.0%, the sulfur content is also high, the formation of low-melting-point eutectic of FeS and Fe is promoted, and the welding seam with high carbon content can increase the thermal crack sensitivity, so that the welding seam is cracked.
In order to avoid cracks of welding seams between carbon steel and cast iron, the welding rod special for the common cast iron is used for welding under the condition of preheating, and when a lap joint of the carbon steel and the cast iron is welded, a groove needs to be formed on the side of the carbon steel, so that the automation degree is low, and the production efficiency is low. The laser welding is a high-energy-density welding method, has the characteristics of energy concentration, small heat affected zone, small welding deformation, high automation degree and the like, has strong penetration capacity of laser welding, and can directly melt through carbon steel and melt part of cast iron at the bottom to form a permanent connecting welding seam when welding a lap joint of the carbon steel and the cast iron. For the dissimilar metal welding method of low-carbon steel and cast iron, a workpiece to be welded is generally welded by adopting a swing and offset self-melting welding process, and swing welding is carried out on the laser incidence point which is about 35-45% offset to the low-carbon steel side so as to improve the crack resistance of a welding line.
The risk of welding seam cracking cannot be fundamentally avoided by adopting a laser empty melting and light spot swinging mode, the welding seam gap has 0-0.30 mm fluctuation in the actual product assembling process, and factors such as the reflectivity of welding equipment and products easily cause the fluctuation of actual welding power, so that the fusion rate fluctuation can be caused by slight carelessness, the defect of crack generation or poor fusion in the welding seam is caused, and the engineering popularization cannot be carried out. When the nickel-based alloy solid welding wire is used for welding, the powder needs to be blown to the surface of a workpiece by gas pressure, so that the nickel-based alloy solid welding wire is only suitable for welding at a flat welding position. However, in practical engineering applications, welding may be required in the horizontal welding position or even in the overhead welding position. And the welding powder is easy to fly out of the molten pool in the welding process, so that the utilization rate of the welding powder is only about 60 percent, and the problem of resource waste exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire is wide in application range, convenient to use and low in cost, and the manufacturing method and the using method of the nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire are provided, so that the crack resistance of a welding seam is improved, the welding deformation is reduced, and the engineering application requirements of transverse welding positions and overhead welding positions are met.
The technical scheme adopted by the application for solving the technical problems comprises the following steps: a nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.40 to 0.50%, Si: 2.10-2.50%, P: less than or equal to 0.010 percent, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, Fe: 29.0-32.0%, Ce: 0.02-0.05%, Y: 0.01-0.04% and the balance of Ni.
Preferably, the content of Y in the nickel-iron base alloy welding wire is controlled within the range of 0.02-0.04%, the content of Ce is controlled within the range of 0.03-0.05%, and the diameter of the nickel-iron base alloy welding wire is phi 1.2 mm.
When the nickel-iron-based welding material is used, the welding seam has an austenite matrix with good plasticity and is insensitive to cold cracks. In addition, nickel and iron are infinitely mutually soluble, carbon and nickel do not form a compound and exist in a graphite form, and because the content of C in cast iron is very high, excessive hard and brittle carbides can be avoided after the content of Ni is increased, the hardness in a welding seam is reduced, and the cracking tendency is reduced. Therefore, the present application uses nickel as a matrix and the content of C is controlled in the range of 0.40-0.50%.
Further, Si is a ferrite-forming element, and many silicides (FeSi, Fe) can be formed2Si、Fe3Si、Fe5Si) which has a tendency of embrittling the structure, but the silicon can improve the fluidity of a molten pool, further improve the forming performance of a welding seam and ensure the attractive appearance of the welding seam, so the silicon content is controlled within the range of 2.1-2.5%.
Fe can reduce the component difference between the welding line and cast iron and carbon steel, can reduce the cost of the welding wire, and can increase the content of iron element as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the crack resistance of the welding line, so the iron content is controlled within the range of 29-32%.
The rare earth element Y has a strong desulfurization and dephosphorization effect, so that low-melting-point eutectic matters among austenite crystals are reduced, grains can be refined, the mechanical property of a welding line is improved, and the thermal crack resistance is improved, but the processing manufacturability of the welding wire is influenced by too much Y content, so that the yttrium content is controlled within the range of 0.01-0.04%.
The action of the rare earth element Ce is similar to that of Y, the rare earth element Ce mainly plays a role in reducing harmful elements such as S and P, and the like, and plays a role in improving the mechanical property of a welding seam and improving the hot crack resistance. The content of cerium is controlled within the range of 0.02-0.05%.
The elements such as S and P can increase the hot crack sensitivity of weld metal, if the content is higher, the possibility of generating cracks is increased, so the content of S is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and the content of P is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.010 percent.
The technical scheme that this application solved above-mentioned technical problem and adopted still includes: the manufacturing method of the nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire comprises the following steps:
smelting → forging → rolling → 8 mm wire rod → solution treatment → acid cleaning → alkali cleaning → water cleaning → ash application → drying → rough drawing to 5mm → multi-pass drawing and annealing → drawing to 1.4 mm → light drawing of the steel jade mold to 1.2 mm → coiling → packaging to form the welding wire.
The melting temperature of the method is 1500-1700 ℃, and a vacuum induction heating melting furnace is adopted.
The forging temperature is 1100-.
The rolling temperature of the square billet in the application is 1100-1150 ℃, the square billet is rolled into a wire rod with the diameter of phi 8 mm, and the cold drawing process is carried out.
In the application, the wire rod is subjected to solution treatment before wire drawing, the solution treatment is carried out in a resistance furnace for heating and heat preservation, the temperature of the solution treatment is 950-1050 ℃, the time is determined by the charging amount and is generally 1-2 h, and the wire rod is quenched and cooled by water after being taken out of the furnace.
In the application, when the specification of the ferronickel base alloy welding wire intermediate product is above phi 4.0 mm, the wire drawing speed is 60-90 m/min, the single-pass diameter reduction is about 0.8 mm, and when the specification of phi 4.0 mm is below phi, the wire drawing speed is 100-120 m/min, and the single-pass diameter reduction is about 0.4 mm.
The technical scheme that this application solved above-mentioned technical problem and adopted still includes: the using method of the nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a base material:
the gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.16-3.30%, Si: 1.79 to 1.93%, Mn: 0.89-1.04%, S: 0.094-0.125%, P: 0.12-0.17%, the minimum tensile strength is 250 MPa, and the thickness is more than or equal to 4 mm;
the carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.40 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.040%, P: less than or equal to 0.040 percent, the minimum tensile strength of 250 MPa and the thickness of 2-4 mm.
Placing carbon steel on the side face of the gray cast iron, and leaving a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the carbon steel and the gray cast iron, wherein the carbon steel does not need to be perforated or beveled (namely, flat carbon steel is adopted), and welding is carried out at a transverse welding position;
(2) laser wire filling welding:
the nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire is synchronously filled in the welding process by adopting a laser welding method, and the welding is finished at the transverse welding position by utilizing the laser welding energy.
Preferably, in the step 2, the laser wire-filling welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000-5000W, the welding speed is 0.7-1.2 m/min, the defocusing amount is-4-0 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow rate of the protective gas is 10-15L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.7-1.0 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 1.5-2.0 m/min.
Furthermore, the motion trail of the laser wire filling welding is linear.
Further, in the laser wire filling welding mode, when the arc is closed, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the wire feeding speed is kept unchanged, and the wire feeding speed is maintained for 0.2S. The size of the crater can be reduced, and crater cracks are avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the application lie in:
(1) compared with the traditional arc welding, the laser wire filling method does not need to open a groove or preset a hole on the side of the carbon steel. In addition, the heat input in the welding process can be effectively controlled, the welding deformation of workpieces is reduced, and good fusion between carbon steel and cast iron can be ensured.
(2) Compared with the existing laser empty melting and wire filling-free process, the crack resistance of the welding line is increased, the side melting depth of cast iron can be improved to 3 mm from about 0.4 mm, the adaptability of the assembly clearance of the workpiece is greatly increased, and the process has high engineering popularization value.
(3) When the laser empty fusion welding is adopted, the white cast iron area in the welding seam is wide, the hardness in the welding seam is as high as 700 HV2, when the laser wire filling welding method used in the application is adopted, the hardness of the welding seam is reduced to 250 and 450 HV2, the hardness of the welding seam is low, the cracking risk is small, preheating is not needed before welding, and heat treatment is not needed after welding.
(4) Compared with a laser powder filling process, the laser wire filling process is not limited by a welding position, for example, a plurality of lasers can be simultaneously welded at a transverse welding position aiming at a cylindrical workpiece, good assembly conditions are provided for manufacturing related products in a large scale, and the production efficiency can be improved by 3 times.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic application diagram of an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The nickel-iron-based alloy (solid) welding wire comprises the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.40 to 0.50%, Si: 2.10-2.50%, P: less than or equal to 0.010 percent, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, Fe: 29.0-32.0%, Ce: 0.02-0.05%, Y: 0.01-0.04% and the balance of Ni.
When the nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire is used, the welding seam has an austenite matrix with good plasticity and is insensitive to cold cracks. In addition, nickel and iron are infinitely mutually soluble, carbon and nickel do not form a compound and exist in a graphite form, and because the content of C in cast iron is very high, excessive hard and brittle carbides can be avoided after the content of Ni is increased, the hardness of a welding line is reduced, and the cracking tendency is reduced. Therefore, the present application uses nickel as a matrix and the content of C is controlled in the range of 0.40-0.50%.
Further, Si is a ferrite-forming element, and many silicides (FeSi, Fe) can be formed2Si、Fe3Si、Fe5Si) which tends to embrittle the structure, but the Si improves the fluidity of the molten pool and further improves the formability of the weld, so the Si content is controlled within the range of 2.1-2.5%.
Fe can reduce the component difference between the welding line and cast iron and carbon steel, can reduce the cost of the welding wire, and can increase the content of iron element as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the crack resistance of the welding line, so the iron content is controlled within the range of 29-32%.
The rare earth element Y has a strong desulfurization and dephosphorization effect, so that low-melting-point eutectic matters among austenite crystals are reduced, grains can be refined, the mechanical property of a welding line is improved, and the thermal crack resistance is improved, but the processing manufacturability of the welding wire is influenced by too much Y content, so that the yttrium content is controlled within the range of 0.01-0.04%.
The action of the rare earth element Ce is similar to that of Y, the rare earth element Ce mainly plays a role in reducing harmful elements such as S and P, and the like, and plays a role in improving the mechanical property of a welding seam and improving the hot crack resistance. The content of cerium is controlled within the range of 0.02-0.05%.
The elements such as S and P can increase the hot crack sensitivity of weld metal, if the content is higher, the possibility of generating cracks is increased, so the content of S is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.005 percent, and the content of P is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.010 percent.
The manufacturing method of the nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire mainly comprises the following steps:
smelting → forging → rolling → 8 mm wire rod → solution treatment → acid cleaning → alkali cleaning → water cleaning → ash application → drying → rough drawing to 5mm → multi-pass drawing and annealing → drawing to 1.4 mm → light drawing of the steel jade mold to 1.2 mm → coiling → packaging to form the welding wire.
The smelting temperature in the application is 1500-1700 ℃, and a vacuum induction heating smelting furnace is adopted.
In the application, the forging temperature is 1100-.
The rolling temperature of the square billet in the application is 1100-1150 ℃, the square billet is rolled into a wire rod with the diameter of phi 8 mm, and the cold drawing process is carried out.
In the application, the wire rod is subjected to solid solution treatment before wire drawing, the temperature is 950-.
When the nickel-iron base alloy welding wire intermediate product (after certain drawing and annealing) is above the phi 4.0 mm specification, the wire drawing speed is 60-90 m/min, the single-pass diameter reduction is about 0.8 mm, and when the phi 4.0 mm specification is below, the wire drawing speed is 100-120 m/min, and the single-pass diameter reduction is about 0.4 mm.
Preferably, the content of Y in the nickel-iron base alloy welding wire is controlled within the range of 0.02-0.04%, the content of Ce is controlled within the range of 0.03-0.05%, and the diameter of the nickel-iron base alloy welding wire is phi 1.2 mm.
The using method of the nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a base material:
the gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.16-3.30%, Si: 1.79 to 1.93%, Mn: 0.89-1.04%, S: 0.094-0.125%, P: 0.12-0.17%, minimum tensile strength of 250 MPa, thickness H1≥4 mm。
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.40 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.040%, P: less than or equal to 0.040 percent, the minimum tensile strength of 250 MPa and the thickness H22-4 mm.
Referring to fig. 1, carbon steel 2 is placed on the side of cast iron 1, and a gap L is formed between cast iron 1 and cast iron 21The thickness of the cast iron 1 side is 0-0.30 mm, the low-carbon steel is not required to be perforated or beveled, a welding seam 3 is welded at the transverse welding position, and the fusion depth H of the cast iron 1 side is 2.9-0.31 mm;
(2) laser wire filling welding:
and a laser wire filling welding method is adopted, the nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire is synchronously filled in the welding process, and the welding is completed at the welding seam 3 by utilizing the laser welding energy.
Preferably, in step 2, the welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000-5000W, the welding speed is 0.7-1.2 m/min, the defocusing amount is-4-0 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow rate of the protective gas is 10-15L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.7-1.0 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 1.5-2.0 m/min.
Further, in the laser wire filling welding mode, when the arc is closed, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the wire feeding speed is kept unchanged, and the wire feeding speed is maintained for 0.2S. The size of the crater can be reduced, and crater cracks are avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the application lie in:
(1) compared with the traditional arc welding, the laser wire filling method does not need to open a groove or preset a hole on the side of the carbon steel. In addition, the heat input in the welding process can be effectively controlled, the welding deformation of workpieces is reduced, and good fusion between carbon steel and cast iron can be ensured.
(2) Compared with the existing laser empty melting and wire filling-free process, the crack resistance of the welding line is increased, the melting depth of the cast iron side can be improved from about 0.4 mm to about 3 mm, the adaptability of the workpiece assembly gap is greatly increased, and the process has high engineering popularization value.
(3) When the laser empty fusion welding is adopted, the white cast iron area in the welding seam is wide, the hardness in the welding seam is as high as 700 HV2, when the laser wire filling welding method used in the application is adopted, the hardness of the welding seam is reduced to 250 and 450 HV2, the hardness of the welding seam is low, the cracking risk is small, preheating is not needed before welding, and heat treatment is not needed after welding.
(4) Compared with a laser powder filling welding process, the laser wire filling welding process is not limited by a welding position, for example, a plurality of lasers can be simultaneously welded at a transverse welding position aiming at a cylindrical workpiece, good assembly conditions are provided for manufacturing related products in a large scale, and the production efficiency can be improved by 3 times.
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
Example 1
The nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire is manufactured by adopting a formula with each chemical component as the lower limit of the application, and the welding process parameters are parameters of the middle area of the application to finish the welding joint of the embodiment 1.
The utility model provides a be used for carbon steel and cast iron welded ferronickel base alloy welding wire, ferronickel base alloy welding wire include the following composition of part by mass: c: 0.41%, Si: 2.11%, P: 0.003%, S: 0.001%, Fe: 29%, Ce: 0.021%, Y: 0.039 percent, the balance being Ni, and the specification of the welding wire is phi 1.2 mm.
The using method of the nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a base material:
the gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.21%, Si: 1.83%, Mn: 0.94%, S: 0.11%, P: 0.14%, a minimum tensile strength of 250 MPa, and a thickness H1 of 10 mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 0.14%, Si: 0.11%, Mn: 1.12%, S: 0.01%, P: 0.02%, tensile strength 267 MPa, thickness H2 of 2.5 mm.
The carbon steel is placed on the side face of the cast iron, the gap L1 between the cast iron and the cast iron is 0-0.30 mm, the low-carbon steel does not need to be perforated or beveled, and welding is carried out at the transverse welding position.
(2) Laser wire filling welding:
the welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 4500W, the welding speed is 0.95 m/min, the defocusing amount is-2 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow of the protective gas is 12.5L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.8 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 1.75 m/min.
And during arc-closing, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the wire feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and the operation is kept for 0.2S.
(3) And (5) after welding, naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 2
The nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire is manufactured by adopting a formula with various chemical components as the upper limit of the application, and the welding process parameters are parameters of the middle area of the application to finish the welding joint of the embodiment 2.
The utility model provides a be used for carbon steel and cast iron welded ferronickel base alloy welding wire, ferronickel base alloy welding wire include the following composition of part by mass: c: 0.49%, Si: 2.49%, P: 0.009%, S: 0.004%, Fe: 31.9%, Ce: 0.049%, Y: 0.039 percent, the balance being Ni, and the specification of the welding wire is phi 1.2 mm.
A use method of a nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire suitable for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of parent material
The gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.21%, Si: 1.83%, Mn: 0.94%, S: 0.11%, P: 0.14%, a minimum tensile strength of 250 MPa, and a thickness H1 of 5 mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 0.14%, Si: 0.11%, Mn: 1.12%, S: 0.01%, P: 0.02%, tensile strength 267 MPa, thickness H2 of 2.5 mm.
The carbon steel is placed on the side face of the cast iron, the gap L1 between the cast iron and the cast iron is 0-0.30 mm, the low-carbon steel does not need to be perforated or beveled, and welding is carried out at the transverse welding position.
(2) Laser filler wire welding
The welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 4500W, the welding speed is 0.95 m/min, the defocusing amount is-2 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow of the protective gas is 12.5L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.8 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 1.75 m/min.
And during arc-closing, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the wire feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and the operation is kept for 0.2S.
(3) And (5) after welding, naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 3
The nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire is manufactured by adopting a formula with various chemical components as the middle area of the application, and the welding process parameters are parameters of the middle area of the application to finish the welding joint of the embodiment 3.
The utility model provides a be used for carbon steel and cast iron welded ferronickel base alloy welding wire, ferronickel base alloy welding wire include the following composition of part by mass: c: 0.45%, Si: 2.30%, P: 0.002%, S: 0.001%, Fe: 30.5%, Ce: 0.035%, Y: 0.025 percent, the balance being Ni, and the specification of the welding wire is phi 1.2 mm.
A use method of a nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire suitable for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of parent material
The gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.21%, Si: 1.83%, Mn: 0.94%, S: 0.11%, P: 0.14%, a minimum tensile strength of 250 MPa, and a thickness H1 of 8 mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 0.14%, Si: 0.11%, Mn: 1.12%, S: 0.01%, P: 0.02%, tensile strength 267 MPa, thickness H2 of 2.5 mm.
The carbon steel is placed on the side face of the cast iron, the gap L1 between the cast iron and the cast iron is 0-0.30 mm, the low-carbon steel does not need to be perforated or beveled, and welding is carried out at the transverse welding position.
(2) Laser filler wire welding
The welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 4000W, the welding speed is 0.95 m/min, the defocusing amount is-2 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow of the protective gas is 13L/min, the laser spot diameter is 0.8 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 1.8 m/min.
And during arc-closing, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the powder feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and 0.2S is kept.
And (5) after welding, naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 4
The nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire is manufactured by adopting a formula with various chemical components as the middle area of the welding wire, and the welding process parameters are the parameters of the lower limit of the welding wire to complete the welding joint of the embodiment 4.
The utility model provides a be used for carbon steel and cast iron welded ferronickel base alloy welding wire, ferronickel base alloy welding wire include the following composition of part by mass: c: 0.45%, Si: 2.30%, P: 0.002%, S: 0.001%, Fe: 30.5%, Ce: 0.035%, Y: 0.025 percent, the balance being Ni, and the specification of the welding wire is phi 1.2 mm.
A use method of a nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire suitable for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a base material:
the gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.21%, Si: 1.83%, Mn: 0.94%, S: 0.11%, P: 0.14%, a minimum tensile strength of 250 MPa, and a thickness H1 of 10 mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 0.14%, Si: 0.11%, Mn: 1.12%, S: 0.01%, P: 0.02%, tensile strength 267 MPa, and thickness H2 of 2.0 mm.
The carbon steel is placed on the side face of the cast iron, the gap L1 between the cast iron and the cast iron is 0-0.30 mm, the low-carbon steel does not need to be perforated or beveled, and welding is carried out at the transverse welding position.
(2) Laser wire filling welding:
the welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000W, the welding speed is 1.2 m/min, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow of the protective gas is 10L/min, the laser spot diameter is 0.7 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 1.5 m/min.
And during arc-closing, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the wire feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and the operation is kept for 0.2S.
(3) And (5) after welding, naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 5
The nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire is manufactured by adopting a formula with various chemical components as the middle area of the welding wire, the thickness of carbon steel is 4mm, and the welding process parameters are the parameters of the upper limit of the welding wire, so that the welding joint of the embodiment 5 is completed.
The utility model provides a be used for carbon steel and cast iron welded ferronickel base alloy welding wire, ferronickel base alloy welding wire include the following composition of part by mass: c: 0.45%, Si: 2.30%, P: 0.002%, S: 0.001%, Fe: 30.5%, Ce: 0.035%, Y: 0.025 percent, the balance being Ni, and the specification of the welding wire is phi 1.2 mm.
A use method of a nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire suitable for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of parent material
The gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.21%, Si: 1.83%, Mn: 0.94%, S: 0.11%, P: 0.14%, a minimum tensile strength of 250 MPa, and a thickness H1 of 5 mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 0.14%, Si: 0.11%, Mn: 1.12%, S: 0.01%, P: 0.02%, tensile strength 267 MPa, thickness H2 of 4 mm.
The carbon steel is placed on the side face of the cast iron, the gap L1 between the cast iron and the cast iron is 0-0.30 mm, the low-carbon steel does not need to be perforated or beveled, and welding is carried out at the transverse welding position.
(2) Laser filler wire welding
The welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 5000W, the welding speed is 0.7 m/min, the defocusing amount is-4.0 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow of the protective gas is 15L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 1.0 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 2.0 m/min.
And during arc-closing, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the wire feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and the operation is kept for 0.2S.
(3) And (5) after welding, naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 6
The nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire is manufactured by adopting a formula with various chemical components as the middle area of the welding wire, and the welding process parameters are the parameters of the upper limit of the welding wire to complete the welding joint of the embodiment 6.
The utility model provides a be used for carbon steel and cast iron welded ferronickel base alloy welding wire, ferronickel base alloy welding wire include the following composition of part by mass: c: 0.45%, Si: 2.30%, P: 0.002%, S: 0.001%, Fe: 30.5%, Ce: 0.035%, Y: 0.025 percent, the balance being Ni, and the specification of the welding wire is phi 1.2 mm.
An alloy welding wire application method suitable for welding carbon steel and cast iron comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of parent material
The gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.21%, Si: 1.83%, Mn: 0.94%, S: 0.11%, P: 0.14%, a minimum tensile strength of 250 MPa, and a thickness H1 of 8 mm.
The carbon steel used in the application comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 0.14%, Si: 0.11%, Mn: 1.12%, S: 0.01%, P: 0.02%, tensile strength 267 MPa, thickness H2 of 2.5 mm.
The carbon steel is placed on the side face of the cast iron, the gap L1 between the cast iron and the cast iron is 0-0.30 mm, the low-carbon steel does not need to be perforated or beveled, and welding is carried out at the transverse welding position.
(2) Laser filler wire welding
The welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 5000W, the welding speed is 0.7 m/min, the defocusing amount is-4.0 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow of the protective gas is 15L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 1.0 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 2.0 m/min. The motion trail of the laser wire filling welding is linear.
And during arc-closing, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the wire feeding speed is kept unchanged, other parameters are kept unchanged, and the operation is kept for 0.2S.
(3) And (5) after welding, naturally cooling to room temperature.
All simple variations and combinations of the technical features and technical solutions of the present application are considered to fall within the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: c: 0.40 to 0.50%, Si: 2.10-2.50%, P: less than or equal to 0.010 percent, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of S, Fe: 29.0-32.0%, Ce: 0.02-0.05%, Y: 0.01-0.04% and the balance of Ni.
2. The nickel-iron based alloy welding wire according to claim 1, wherein: the content of Y is within the range of 0.02-0.04%, the content of Ce is within the range of 0.03-0.05%, and the diameter of the nickel-iron base alloy welding wire is phi 1.2 mm.
3. A method for manufacturing the nickel-iron based alloy welding wire according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
smelting → forging → rolling → 8 mm wire rod → solution treatment → acid cleaning → alkali cleaning → water cleaning → ash application → drying → rough drawing to 5mm → multi-pass drawing and annealing → drawing to 1.4 mm → light drawing of the steel jade mold to 1.2 mm → coiling → packaging to form the welding wire.
4. The method for manufacturing a nickel-iron based alloy welding wire according to claim 3, wherein: the solid solution treatment is carried out by heating and heat preservation in a resistance furnace, the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 950-.
5. The method for manufacturing a nickel-iron based alloy welding wire according to claim 3, wherein: the smelting temperature is 1500-1700 ℃, a vacuum induction heating smelting furnace is adopted, the forging temperature is 1100-1150 ℃, the final forging temperature is 980 ℃, and the blank is forged into a square billet of 50 multiplied by 50.
6. The method for manufacturing a nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein: when the specification of the nickel-iron base alloy welding wire intermediate product is above phi 4.0 mm, the wire drawing speed is 60-90 m/min, the single-pass diameter reduction is 0.8 mm, and when the specification of phi 4.0 mm is below phi 4mm, the wire drawing speed is 120 m/min, and the single-pass diameter reduction is 0.4 mm.
7. The method for using the nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire and the method for using the nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a base material:
the gray cast iron comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: 3.16-3.30%, Si: 1.79 to 1.93%, Mn: 0.89-1.04%, S: 0.094-0.125%, P: 0.12-0.17%, the minimum tensile strength is 250 MPa, and the thickness is more than or equal to 4 mm;
the carbon steel comprises the following chemical components in parts by mass: c: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.40 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.040%, P: less than or equal to 0.040 percent, the minimum tensile strength of 250 MPa and the thickness of 2-4 mm;
placing flat carbon steel on the side surface of the gray cast iron, leaving a gap of 0-0.30 mm between the flat carbon steel and the gray cast iron, and welding at a transverse welding position;
(2) laser wire filling welding:
and (3) synchronously filling the nickel-iron-based alloy welding wire in the welding process by adopting a laser welding method, and finishing welding at the transverse welding position by utilizing laser welding energy.
8. The method of using the nickel-iron based alloy welding wire according to claim 7, wherein: the laser wire filling welding parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3000-5000W, the welding speed is 0.7-1.2 m/min, the defocusing amount is-4-0 mm, the welding protective gas is 99.999% Ar, the flow rate of the protective gas is 10-15L/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.7-1.0 mm, and the wire feeding speed is 1.5-2.0 m/min.
9. The method of using the nickel-iron based alloy welding wire according to claim 8, wherein: when the laser filler wire is welded in an arc closing process, the laser welding power is reduced to 500W, the laser welding gun stops moving, the wire feeding speed is kept unchanged, and 0.2S is kept.
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Application publication date: 20220111 |