CN105081574A - Method for lowering hot cracking tendency of invar welding through layered pulse lasers - Google Patents

Method for lowering hot cracking tendency of invar welding through layered pulse lasers Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105081574A
CN105081574A CN201510599002.1A CN201510599002A CN105081574A CN 105081574 A CN105081574 A CN 105081574A CN 201510599002 A CN201510599002 A CN 201510599002A CN 105081574 A CN105081574 A CN 105081574A
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welding
laser
thermal
postwelding
invar steel
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CN105081574B (en
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赵东升
黄震宇
汪骥
刘玉君
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20Bonding
    • B23K26/21Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24Seam welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04Steel or steel alloys

Abstract

The invention provides a method for lowering the hot cracking tendency of invar welding through layered pulse lasers and belongs to the technical field of laser welding. According to the method, the layered pulse lasers are used for controlling laser energy, and preheating, welding and post-welding post-heating are achieved during each laser period, wherein the preheating lasers play a role in lowering the welding temperature gradient; the welding lasers achieve connection of weld metal; the post-welding post-heating lasers play a role in reducing the cooling rate of the post-welding weld metal. The layered laser energy is controlled to control the preheating temperature, the preheating temperature range, the welding heat input amount and the post-welding post-heating energy by adjusting the power and pulse width of the layered lasers; the welding temperature gradient and the post-welding cooling speed are adjusted in combination with control over the pulse frequency so that the welding stress of invar laser welding can be reduced, and the problem of hot cracks of invar welding can be solved. By means of the method, the welding speed can be greatly increased, and the hot cracking tendency of invar welding can be lowered. The welding speed can reach 500-800 mm/min, and the cooling rate of the post-welding weld metal is reduced by 50-80 DEG C/s.

Description

A kind of layering pulse laser reduces the method for invar steel welding hot cracking tendency
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that layering pulse laser reduces invar steel welding hot cracking tendency, belong to laser welding technology field.
Background technology
Invar steel (Invar steel, also claims invar) is FeNi36 alloy, and its normal temperature linear expansion coefficient is lower than 1.6 × 10 -6k -1, be about 1/10th of mild steel, and change very little in larger temperature range, be therefore widely used in precision measurement apparatus, electronics industry and LNG carrier.Along with the status of natural gas in energy field is more and more important, the LNG carrier of long-distance transport natural gas obtains as a kind of ship type that is highly difficult, high added value and develops rapidly, and is build difficulty the best part by the cargo tank insulation system screen layer of invar steel film solder.
Invar steel is single phase austenite tissue, and hot tearing sensitiveness is high, and its HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P problem has had a strong impact on welding quality and production efficiency.Fire check and reheat crack(ing) is easily formed during the welding of invar steel, strict requirement is had for thermal weld stress amount and welding procedure, even if hot tearing problem does not still well solve when adopting heat Relatively centralized, argon tungsten-arc welding (TIG weldering) that heat input is less, level requirement for welding procedure and welding operator is very strict, production efficiency and automaticity low.
The crackle that HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P at high temperature produces when referring to welding, feature is along original austenite crystal prevention cracking, and welding hot cracking tendency depends primarily on plasticity when weld metal is in liquid-solid phase coexist brittle temperature range and stress.Therefore, in order to reduce hot cracking tendency, solve the HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P problem of invar steel thus enhance productivity, mainly contain two kinds of methods at present, a kind of is the plasticity improving weld metal, and another kind reduces welding stress.
(1) add packing material, prevent the low melting eutectics product forming S, P at invar steel austenite grain boundary place from causing embrittlement of grain boundaries, reduce welding hot cracking tendency with the plasticity improving material.Add the welding hot cracking tendency that the elements such as Mn, Ti, Ca, Nb and C can reduce invar steel, but the packing material added can make the linear expansion coefficient of commissure increase, destroy the low bulk performance of invar steel, affect cryogenic mechanics performance and the using value of welding point;
(2) welding stress is reduced.Strict control welding condition, reduces thermal weld stress amount, adopts the high energy beam welding method of solid phase connecting method or heat high concentration.Although adopt friction stir welding method can realize the welding of invar steel, the connection that the method is used for the thickness only invar steel film of 0.7mm is comparatively difficult, and the problems such as welding deformation make it apply to be restricted.Because laser is high energy beam thermal source, adopt laser weld invar steel thermal weld stress amount compared with employing tungsten argon arc soldering method obviously to reduce, flawless welding point can be obtained, but speed of welding is excessively slow.
In order to improve speed of welding improve bonding power time, due to laser weld energy high concentration (depth-to-width ratio can reach 15:1), therefore the thermograde between weld seam and surrounding metal material sharply increases, postwelding weld metal cooling velocity is very fast, cause the problem of welding stress more outstanding, easy formation HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P, seriously constrains the raising of speed of welding.
As the above analysis, in order to not affect the low bulk performance of invar steel, can not adopt and add the method that alloying element improves plasticity, the method reducing welding stress can only be adopted to reduce the welding hot cracking tendency of invar steel.Reducing thermal weld stress amount adopts high energy beam welding method to be the developing direction that invar steel high-speed high-quality amount is welded, but be subject to the restriction that high energy beam welding method welding temperature gradient is high, postwelding weld metal cooling velocity is fast, speed of welding and production efficiency are difficult to significantly improve.Thermograde when reducing laser weld and postwelding cooldown rate are the keys addressed this problem, thermograde when especially weld metal is in the brittle temperature range of liquid-solid phase coexist in postwelding cooling procedure and cooldown rate.In order to address this problem, a kind of method of layering pulse laser weld invar steel is proposed, the hierarchical control of laser energy is realized within each cycle of pulse laser, preheating-welding-postwelding after heat is realized within a laser cycle, pre-thermal laser plays the effect reducing welding temperature gradient, welding laser realizes the connection of weld metal, and after postwelding, thermal laser plays the effect reducing postwelding weld metal cooldown rate, thus reduces the welding hot cracking tendency of invar steel.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to provide a kind of method that layering pulse laser reduces invar steel welding hot cracking tendency.Layering pulse laser controlling laser energy is adopted within each cycle of laser, preheating-welding-postwelding after heat is realized within each laser cycle, pre-thermal laser plays the effect reducing welding temperature gradient, welding laser realizes the connection of weld metal, and after postwelding, thermal laser plays the effect reducing postwelding weld metal cooldown rate.Thermal energy after preheat temperature and scope, thermal weld stress amount and postwelding is controlled by adjustment layering laser power and pulse-width controlled layering laser energy, control in conjunction with pulse frequency adjusts welding temperature gradient and postwelding cooling velocity, reach the object of the welding stress reducing invar steel Laser Welding, to solve the problem of invar steel HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P.Significantly can improve speed of welding by the method and reduce the welding hot crack tendency of invar steel.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of layering pulse laser reduces the method for invar steel welding hot cracking tendency, and described method adopts the following step:
(1) the invar steel test specimen ethanol purge connecting surface of well cutting, then rinse with water and dry up with fan, the fixture putting into welding bench is fixed, and fixes at weld seam initiating terminal and ending place laser spot welding;
(2) distance adjusting laser weld grease head highness and invar steel surface of test piece is 80-100mm, the positive out of focus 3-8mm of laser, and adjustment is protected gas jets with invar steel surface of test piece distance 10-15mm place and become miter angle, shielding gas flow amount 10-15L/min;
(3) layering pulse laser is set, layering pulse laser comprises pre-thermal laser, welding laser, thermal laser after postwelding, preheating laser power is 80-240 watt, pulsewidth is 0.5-3ms, welding laser power is 300-550 watt, pulsewidth is 2-5ms, and postwelding after heat laser power is 80-240 watt, and pulsewidth is 0.5-3ms; Joining relation between thermal process after the postwelding of thermal laser after the warm of pre-thermal laser, the welding welding process of laser, postwelding is set;
(4) open laser welder, laser pulse frequency 20-60 hertz, speed of welding 200-800mm/min, adjustment pad diameter is to 0.5mm;
(5) open the CAD Plotting Function of laser welder automatic operation system, the path of welding generated by computer welds;
(6) take out invar steel welding piece after laser weld and carry out performance test.
After the welding process of the warm of described pre-thermal laser, welding laser, postwelding thermal laser postwelding after carry out continuously successively between thermal process.
The warm of described pre-thermal laser and the time interval between the welding process of welding laser are 0.5-3ms, after the welding welding process of laser and postwelding thermal laser postwelding after time interval between thermal process be 0.5-3ms.
The warm of described pre-thermal laser carries out continuously with between the welding process of welding laser, after the welding welding process of laser and postwelding thermal laser postwelding after time interval between thermal process be 0.5-3ms.
The warm of described pre-thermal laser and the time interval between the welding process of welding laser are 0.5-3ms, after the welding welding process of laser and postwelding thermal laser postwelding after carry out continuously between thermal process.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, controlled by layer-stepping pulsed laser energy, thermograde 20-55 DEG C/mm when weld metal is in fragility warm area can be reduced;
2, controlled by layer-stepping pulsed laser energy, cooldown rate 50-80 DEG C/s of postwelding weld metal can be reduced;
3, controlled by layer-stepping pulsed laser energy, speed of welding can reach 500-800mm/min;
4, by the laser energy hierarchical control within each pulse period, weld preheating, welding and postwelding after heat were integrated in the pulse period and realize, can carry out the design of technological parameter as required, parameter designing is convenient, flexible, selectable range is large;
5, do not need other auxiliary equipment, can not cost be increased, and avoid the problem mutually coordinated when multiple equipment uses simultaneously;
6, reduce welding temperature gradient and postwelding cooling velocity, thus reduce the welding hot cracking tendency of invar steel.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is layering pulse laser solution 1 schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is layering pulse laser solution 2 schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is layering pulse laser solution 3 schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is layering pulse laser solution 4 schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is layering pulse laser solution 5 schematic diagram.
detailed description of the invention
Layering pulse laser reduces the technical scheme schematic diagram of invar steel welding hot cracking tendency as Figure 1-5, three layers are divided into: thermal laser after pre-thermal laser, welding laser and postwelding at each pulse period inner laser energy, concrete laser energy stratified form can be a certain in Fig. 1-5, can select during practical application according to the needs reducing thermograde and reduce postwelding cooling velocity.The difference of five kinds of technical schemes mainly after the welding process of the warm of pre-thermal laser, welding laser, postwelding thermal laser postwelding after joining relation between thermal process, i.e. whether free interval, or to carry out continuously.
Fig. 1 represents layering pulse laser solution 1:
(1) the invar steel test specimen ethanol purge connecting surface of well cutting, then rinse with water and dry up with fan, the fixture putting into welding bench is fixed, and fixes, to prevent from, in welding process, mismatching deformation occurs at weld seam initiating terminal and ending place laser spot welding;
(2) distance adjusting laser weld grease head highness and invar steel surface of test piece is 80-100mm, the positive out of focus 3-8mm of laser, and adjustment is protected gas jets with invar steel surface of test piece distance 10-15mm place and become miter angle, shielding gas flow amount 10-15L/min;
(3) layering pulse laser energy is set respectively, preheating laser power 100-240 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms, welding laser power 300-550 watt, pulsewidth 2-5ms, postwelding after heat laser power 80-150 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms, between layering pulse laser, not free interval, carries out continuously;
(4) open laser welder, laser pulse frequency 20-60 hertz, speed of welding 200-800mm/min, adjustment pad diameter is to 0.5mm;
(5) open the CAD Plotting Function of laser welder automatic operation system, the path of welding generated by computer welds;
(6) take out invar steel welding piece after laser weld and carry out performance test.
Fig. 2 represents layering pulse laser solution 2:
(1) the invar steel test specimen ethanol purge connecting surface of well cutting, then rinse with water and dry up with fan, the fixture putting into welding bench is fixed, and fixes, to prevent from, in welding process, mismatching deformation occurs at weld seam initiating terminal and ending place laser spot welding;
(2) distance adjusting laser weld grease head highness and invar steel surface of test piece is 80-100mm, the positive out of focus 3-8mm of laser, and adjustment is protected gas jets with invar steel surface of test piece distance 10-15mm place and become miter angle, shielding gas flow amount 10-15L/min;
(3) layering pulse laser energy is set respectively, preheating laser power 80-150 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms, welding laser power 300-550 watt, pulsewidth 2-5ms, postwelding after heat laser power 100-240 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms, between layering pulse laser, not free interval, carries out continuously;
(4) open laser welder, laser pulse frequency 20-60 hertz, speed of welding 200-800mm/min, adjustment pad diameter is to 0.5mm;
(5) open the CAD Plotting Function of laser welder automatic operation system, the path of welding generated by computer welds;
(6) take out invar steel welding piece after laser weld and carry out performance test.
Fig. 3 represents layering pulse laser solution 3:
(1) the invar steel test specimen ethanol purge connecting surface of well cutting, then rinse with water and dry up with fan, the fixture putting into welding bench is fixed, and fixes, to prevent from, in welding process, mismatching deformation occurs at weld seam initiating terminal and ending place laser spot welding;
(2) distance adjusting laser weld grease head highness and invar steel surface of test piece is 80-100mm, the positive out of focus 3-8mm of laser, and adjustment is protected gas jets with invar steel surface of test piece distance 10-15mm place and become miter angle, shielding gas flow amount 10-15L/min;
(3) open laser welder, laser pulse frequency 20-60 hertz, speed of welding 200-800mm/min, adjustment pad diameter is to 0.5mm;
(4) layering pulse laser energy is set respectively, preheating laser power 80-150 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms, welding laser power 300-550 watt, pulsewidth 2-5ms, postwelding after heat laser power 100-240 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms.Pre-thermal laser and the time interval of welding between laser are 0.5-3ms, and after welding laser and postwelding, time interval of thermal laser is 0.5-3ms;
(5) open the CAD Plotting Function of laser welder automatic operation system, the path of welding generated by computer welds;
(6) take out invar steel welding piece after laser weld and carry out performance test.
Fig. 4 represents layering pulse laser solution 4:
(1) the invar steel test specimen ethanol purge connecting surface of well cutting, then rinse with water and dry up with fan, the fixture putting into welding bench is fixed, and fixes, to prevent from, in welding process, mismatching deformation occurs at weld seam initiating terminal and ending place laser spot welding;
(2) distance adjusting laser weld grease head highness and invar steel surface of test piece is 80-100mm, the positive out of focus 3-8mm of laser, and adjustment is protected gas jets with invar steel surface of test piece distance 10-15mm place and become miter angle, shielding gas flow amount 10-15L/min;
(3) open laser welder, laser pulse frequency 20-60 hertz, speed of welding 200-800mm/min, adjustment pad diameter is to 0.5mm;
(4) layering pulse laser energy is set respectively, preheating laser power 80-150 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms, welding laser power 300-550 watt, pulsewidth 2-5ms, postwelding after heat laser power 100-240 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms.Pre-thermal laser and the time interval of welding between laser are 0.5-3ms, and have no time between thermal laser after welding laser and postwelding interval;
(5) open the CAD Plotting Function of laser welder automatic operation system, the path of welding generated by computer welds;
(6) take out invar steel welding piece after laser weld and carry out performance test.
Fig. 5 represents layering pulse laser solution 5:
(1) the invar steel test specimen ethanol purge connecting surface of well cutting, then rinse with water and dry up with fan, the fixture putting into welding bench is fixed, and fixes, to prevent from, in welding process, mismatching deformation occurs at weld seam initiating terminal and ending place laser spot welding;
(2) distance adjusting laser weld grease head highness and invar steel surface of test piece is 80-100mm, the positive out of focus 3-8mm of laser, and adjustment is protected gas jets with invar steel surface of test piece distance 10-15mm place and become miter angle, shielding gas flow amount 10-15L/min;
(3) open laser welder, laser pulse frequency 20-60 hertz, speed of welding 200-800mm/min, adjustment pad diameter is to 0.5mm;
(4) layering pulse laser energy is set respectively, preheating laser power 80-150 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms, welding laser power 300-550 watt, pulsewidth 2-5ms, postwelding after heat laser power 100-240 watt, pulsewidth 0.5-3ms.Pre-thermal laser and to weld between laser not free interval, after welding laser and postwelding, the time interval of thermal laser is 0.5-3ms;
(5) open the CAD Plotting Function of laser welder automatic operation system, the path of welding generated by computer welds;
(6) take out invar steel welding piece after laser weld and carry out performance test.

Claims (5)

1. layering pulse laser reduces a method for invar steel welding hot cracking tendency, it is characterized in that: described method adopts the following step:
(1) the invar steel test specimen ethanol purge connecting surface of well cutting, then rinse with water and dry up with fan, the fixture putting into welding bench is fixed, and fixes at weld seam initiating terminal and ending place laser spot welding;
(2) distance adjusting laser weld grease head highness and invar steel surface of test piece is 80-100mm, the positive out of focus 3-8mm of laser, and adjustment is protected gas jets with invar steel surface of test piece distance 10-15mm place and become miter angle, shielding gas flow amount 10-15L/min;
(3) layering pulse laser is set, layering pulse laser comprises pre-thermal laser, welding laser, thermal laser after postwelding, preheating laser power is 80-240 watt, pulsewidth is 0.5-3ms, welding laser power is 300-550 watt, pulsewidth is 2-5ms, and postwelding after heat laser power is 80-240 watt, and pulsewidth is 0.5-3ms; Joining relation between thermal process after the postwelding of thermal laser after the warm of pre-thermal laser, the welding welding process of laser, postwelding is set;
(4) open laser welder, laser pulse frequency 20-60 hertz, speed of welding 200-800mm/min, adjustment pad diameter is to 0.5mm;
(5) open the CAD Plotting Function of laser welder automatic operation system, the path of welding generated by computer welds;
(6) take out invar steel welding piece after laser weld and carry out performance test.
2. a kind of layering pulse laser according to claim 1 reduces the method for invar steel welding hot cracking tendency, it is characterized in that: after the warm of described pre-thermal laser, the welding process of welding laser, postwelding thermal laser postwelding after carry out continuously successively between thermal process.
3. a kind of layering pulse laser according to claim 1 reduces the method for invar steel welding hot cracking tendency, it is characterized in that: the warm of described pre-thermal laser and the time interval between the welding process of welding laser are 0.5-3ms, after the welding welding process of laser and postwelding thermal laser postwelding after time interval between thermal process be 0.5-3ms.
4. a kind of layering pulse laser according to claim 1 reduces the method for invar steel welding hot cracking tendency, it is characterized in that: the warm of described pre-thermal laser carries out continuously with between the welding process of welding laser, after the welding welding process of laser and postwelding thermal laser postwelding after time interval between thermal process be 0.5-3ms.
5. a kind of layering pulse laser according to claim 1 reduces the method for invar steel welding hot cracking tendency, it is characterized in that: the warm of described pre-thermal laser and the time interval between the welding process of welding laser are 0.5-3ms, after the welding welding process of laser and postwelding thermal laser postwelding after carry out continuously between thermal process.
CN201510599002.1A 2015-09-18 2015-09-18 A kind of layering pulse laser reduces the method that invar steel welds hot cracking tendency Expired - Fee Related CN105081574B (en)

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CN105938974A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-09-14 北京牙科通医疗科技股份有限公司 Laser variable pulse width protection system
CN106425096A (en) * 2016-11-17 2017-02-22 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 Laser welding device
WO2019041638A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-07 歌尔股份有限公司 Solder ball laser welding method
CN113828924A (en) * 2021-11-09 2021-12-24 湖北三江航天红阳机电有限公司 K438 high-temperature alloy welding method

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CN109048052B (en) * 2018-08-09 2021-02-12 江苏大学 Scanning method for inhibiting bending deformation of laser welding sheet

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105938974A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-09-14 北京牙科通医疗科技股份有限公司 Laser variable pulse width protection system
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CN113828924A (en) * 2021-11-09 2021-12-24 湖北三江航天红阳机电有限公司 K438 high-temperature alloy welding method

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