CN113629814A - Battery voltage equalization circuit, method and device and energy storage system - Google Patents
Battery voltage equalization circuit, method and device and energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113629814A CN113629814A CN202110931547.3A CN202110931547A CN113629814A CN 113629814 A CN113629814 A CN 113629814A CN 202110931547 A CN202110931547 A CN 202110931547A CN 113629814 A CN113629814 A CN 113629814A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0036—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a battery voltage balancing circuit, a method, a device and an energy storage system. The battery voltage balancing circuit comprises a plurality of battery units which are connected in series and/or in parallel, and each battery unit comprises two battery monomers which are connected in series; each single battery is connected with a first switch and a second switch in parallel respectively, an inductor is arranged between the common end of the two first switches and the common end of the two single batteries, and a resistor is arranged between the common end of the two second switches and the common end of the two single batteries. The battery voltage balancing circuit provided by the invention has the advantages that two battery monomers are connected in series to form one battery unit, and the voltage of the two battery monomers in each battery unit is balanced; two switches are arranged, and the voltage of the battery monomers is balanced by using the inductor and the resistor, so that the problems that the prior art is not suitable for the condition that the pressure difference between the battery monomers is too small and the energy loss is caused are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a battery voltage balancing circuit, a method, a device and an energy storage system.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high reliability, environmental protection, no pollution, no memory effect, low self-discharge rate and the like, and is widely applied to the related fields of electric automobiles, photovoltaic systems and the like. In the actual use process of the battery, the charging and discharging are unbalanced due to the initial capacity difference, the asymmetric attenuation characteristic, the uneven temperature distribution and the like of each battery. If the battery is operated in an unbalanced state for a long time, the energy storage performance is seriously deteriorated, and even a serious accident such as fire or explosion may occur.
The initial capacity of the battery system is 100%, the battery can be gradually attenuated due to various reasons in the use process, which is the characteristic of the lithium battery, and the attenuation of the battery can not be recovered through balance; the main reason for the decrease of the system capacity is the system loss caused by the imbalance of the battery capacities, and the system loss is not the decrease of all the battery capacities, but means that the battery system cannot be used due to the imbalance of the battery capacities. Therefore, in order to operate the battery cells in the best performance state and fully utilize the performance of the battery pack, it is necessary to reduce the individual difference between each battery cell in a series battery pack by using a battery equalization technology.
At present, battery equalization methods are mainly divided into two categories, namely passive equalization and active equalization, wherein the passive equalization is divided into a resistance method and a voltage regulator tube method, and the active equalization mainly comprises a capacitance method, an inductance method and a voltage transformation method. But the passive equalization mode can consume the electric quantity of the battery, so that the utilization rate of energy is reduced; the active equalization mode is not ideal in that the large current equalization effect cannot be achieved when the differential pressure is small.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a battery voltage equalization circuit, a method, a device and an energy storage system.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that the battery voltage balancing circuit comprises a plurality of battery units which are arranged in series and/or in parallel, wherein each battery unit comprises two battery monomers which are arranged in series;
each single battery is connected with a first switch and a second switch in parallel respectively, an inductor is arranged between the common end of the two first switches and the common end of the two single batteries, and a resistor is arranged between the common end of the two second switches and the common end of the two single batteries.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a battery voltage equalization method, including the steps of:
acquiring the pressure difference between single batteries in the battery unit;
judging whether the pressure difference meets a preset value or not;
if the preset value is met, transferring part of electric quantity from the high-voltage battery monomer to the low-voltage battery monomer by utilizing inductive energy storage;
and the voltage difference of the battery cells is further reduced by using the resistor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a battery voltage equalizing apparatus, including:
the pressure difference acquisition unit is used for acquiring the pressure difference between the battery monomers in the battery unit;
the judging unit is used for judging whether the pressure difference meets a preset value or not;
the transfer unit is used for transferring part of electric quantity from the high-voltage battery monomer to the low-voltage battery monomer by utilizing inductive energy storage if a preset value is met;
and the reducing unit is used for further reducing the voltage difference of the battery cells by using the resistor.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides an energy storage system comprising:
the battery voltage equalizing circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention; and
and the battery management system is used for controlling the battery voltage balancing circuit to work so as to balance the battery voltage difference.
The battery voltage balancing circuit provided by the invention has the advantages that two battery monomers are connected in series to form one battery unit, and the voltage of the two battery monomers in each battery unit is balanced; two switches are arranged, and the voltage of the battery monomers is balanced by using the inductor and the resistor, so that the problems that the prior art is not suitable for the condition that the pressure difference between the battery monomers is too small and the energy loss is caused are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery voltage equalization circuit provided in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the equalization process steps in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the equalization process steps in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the equalization process steps in one embodiment;
fig. 5 is a diagram of the equalization process steps in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that, as used herein, the terms "first," "second," and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms unless otherwise specified. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first xx script may be referred to as a second xx script, and similarly, a second xx script may be referred to as a first xx script, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, a battery voltage equalization circuit is provided, where the battery voltage equalization circuit includes a plurality of battery units arranged in series and/or in parallel, and each battery unit includes two battery cells arranged in series;
each single battery is connected with a first switch and a second switch in parallel respectively, an inductor is arranged between the common end of the two first switches and the common end of the two single batteries, and a resistor is arranged between the common end of the two second switches and the common end of the two single batteries.
In the embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the first switch and the second switch are the same type of switch. When the voltage difference between two battery monomers of the same battery unit reaches a preset value, the electric quantity of the battery monomer with high voltage is transferred to the battery monomer with low voltage through the sequential opening and closing of the first switch and the second switch.
The scheme provided by the invention combines an active balancing method and a passive balancing method (only the principle of balancing is referred, but the non-balancing process is performed actively or passively), the active balancing method utilizes the inductor to transfer most of electric quantity of the pressure difference, then the pressure difference is reduced, and the passive balancing method is utilized to consume a small part of energy, so that the balancing of the single batteries is realized. Further, in this application, the active equalization process and the passive equalization process may be performed separately, or may be performed in combination, and preferably performed in combination, that is, only after the active equalization, a small amount of power is consumed by the passive equalization after the pressure difference is reduced, and this way limits the use of the passive equalization, and may reduce the power consumption.
The battery voltage balancing circuit provided by the invention has the advantages that two battery monomers are connected in series to form one battery unit, and the voltage of the two battery monomers in each battery unit is balanced; two switches are arranged, and the voltage of the battery monomers is balanced by using the inductor and the resistor, so that the problems that the prior art is not suitable for the condition that the pressure difference between the battery monomers is too small and the energy loss is caused are solved.
In one embodiment of the invention, a diode is connected with the first switch, and the conduction direction of the diode is opposite to the discharge direction of the corresponding battery cell.
In the embodiment of the invention, the diode is arranged, so that the battery monomer can be prevented from actively discharging, and the flowing direction of current is limited.
In one embodiment of the invention, the first switch and/or the second switch is a field effect transistor.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the types of the first switch and the second switch are the same, but the specification may be determined according to parameters of specific circuit components, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited in detail above.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the battery voltage equalization circuit further includes a detection circuit, and the detection circuit is configured to detect a voltage difference between battery cells in the same battery unit to control the first switch and/or the second switch to be turned on or off.
In the embodiment of the invention, the detection circuit determines the opening or closing of the first switch and/or the second switch by detecting the voltage difference between two single batteries in the battery unit, for example, when the voltage difference between the two single batteries reaches a preset value, the first switch is closed to perform an active equalization process, the active equalization process is executed to reduce the voltage of the single battery with higher voltage, and when the voltage of the single battery with higher voltage is reduced to a set value, the first switch of the single battery with higher voltage is opened, and the first switch of the single battery with lower voltage is closed to transfer the electric quantity stored in the inductor to the single battery with lower voltage; and then, when the voltage difference of the two battery units reaches another set value, the second switch corresponding to the battery unit with higher current voltage is closed, so that the resistor consumes part of electric quantity, and the voltage difference of the two battery units is smaller. It should be noted that, in this process, the two battery cells with higher voltages before and after the process are not necessarily the same, but are usually the same, which does not affect the implementation of the present invention.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the detection circuit includes a field effect transistor, and a drain plate and a source electrode of the field effect transistor are respectively connected to two ends of the battery cell.
In one embodiment of the invention, the fets of adjacent cell detection circuits are arranged in series.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a battery voltage balancing method, including the following steps:
acquiring the pressure difference between single batteries in the battery unit;
judging whether the pressure difference meets a preset value or not;
if the preset value is met, transferring part of electric quantity from the high-voltage battery monomer to the low-voltage battery monomer by utilizing inductive energy storage;
and the voltage difference of the battery cells is further reduced by using the resistor.
In the embodiment of the invention, part of electric quantity is transferred from the high-voltage battery monomer to the low-voltage battery monomer by utilizing inductive energy storage, and the process almost consumes no electric quantity; the voltage difference of the battery monomers is further reduced by using the resistor, and the voltage difference is smaller due to the active equalization of the first round, so that the consumed electric quantity is reduced.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the transferring part of the electric quantity from the high-voltage battery cell to the low-voltage battery cell by using inductive energy storage specifically includes the following steps:
controlling the first switch to be conducted so that part of electric quantity of the battery monomer with high voltage is transferred to the inductor;
and controlling the first switch to be closed and the second switch to be conducted so as to transfer the electric quantity stored in the inductor to the battery monomer with low voltage.
In the embodiment of the present invention, specifically, the first switch of the high-voltage battery cell is controlled to be turned on, so that the electric quantity is transferred to the inductor, then the first switch of the high-voltage battery cell is controlled to be turned off, the first switch of the low-voltage battery cell is controlled to be turned on, so that the electric quantity stored in the inductor is transferred to the battery cell with the lower voltage, and then the first switch of the battery cell with the lower voltage is turned off, at this time, both the first switches are turned off. After that, the voltage difference between the two single batteries is reduced, and the second switch of the single battery with higher conducting voltage is used for enabling the resistor to consume part of electric quantity, so that the voltage difference between the two single batteries is further reduced.
The working process of the invention is illustrated below in a specific embodiment:
the invention intercepts one section of 4 battery monomer fragments in a series module as an example, and each 2 battery monomers form a unit according to the scheme of the invention and are divided into 2 units, namely a battery monomer BnAnd Bn+1Are connected in series to form the (n/2) th unit and a battery monomer Bn+2And Bn+3Are connected in series to form a (n/2) +1 unit; 2 battery monomers of each unit share a fixed resistance value resistor as a balance resistor, and each adjacent 2 battery monomers are connected with an inductor in parallel as an active balance inductor.
The specific equalization process of the present invention will now be described in detail by taking the 2-unit segment composed of the 4 cells connected in series as an example, and the n/2-th unit and the (n/2) + 1-th unit as examples. Now suppose that a certain cellThe exception is the relatively high voltage to illustrate the implementation steps of equalization. For example, suppose cell BnThe voltage is higher, the equalization steps are as follows:
first, MOS transistor QnConducting, diode DnTurning off and turning on the battery cell BnAnd an inductance LnCell BnPart of the electric quantity is stored in the inductor LnThe direction of the current flow is shown in fig. 2.
Second, MOS transistor QnTurn-off, diode Dn+1Conducting and connecting the battery cell Bn+1And an inductance LnInductance LnThe electric quantity stored in the last step is transferred to a battery monomer Bn+1The direction of the current flow is shown in fig. 3.
Thirdly, after the first step and the second step are cycled for a plurality of times, the battery monomer BnHas a voltage higher than that of the battery cell Bn+1The height is not too high, so the voltage difference between the two single batteries is small, and the efficiency is low if the inductor is used for transferring the balance of electric quantity. Now turn off the inductor equalization and turn on the fixed resistor passive equalization.
Now let MOS tube Qn+1Conducting, diode Dn+1And MOS transistor Qn+2Simultaneously turning off and turning on the battery cell BnAnd a fixed resistance RkFixed resistance RkAnd starting passive energy consumption balance. The direction of the current flow is shown in figure 4.
Fourthly, monitoring the battery monomer BnUntil reaching the equilibrium target value, the MOS transistor Qn+1Turn off, no current flow in the circuit, fixed resistance RkStopping the balance work, and the battery monomer BnThe equalization of (2) is completed. The circuit current state is shown in fig. 5.
The total equalization strategy is when the battery cell BnAnd Bn+1When the voltage difference is large, firstly, the inductor L connected with the voltage difference and the inductor L in parallel is utilizednActively and evenly transferring electric quantity; then the current cell B is equalized activelynAnd Bn+1When the voltage difference is small, the active equalization is closed, and the MOS tube switch is opened by utilizing the fixed resistor R connected with the MOS tube switch in parallelkPassive equalization is done until equalization is complete.
Most of the electric quantity transfer work between every two adjacent 2 battery cells is completed by inductance balance, and a small part of the electric quantity of the remaining battery cell with slightly higher voltage is completed by heating consumption of a fixed resistor.
Inductor LnCan realize the battery monomer BnAnd Bn+1The electric quantity between 2 battery cells in the n/2 unit formed by the series connection is transferred, and the inductor LnCan transfer the (n/2) th unit of the battery cell Bn+1And (n/2) +1 unit of a battery cell Bn+1The energy transfer among different units is realized by the electric quantity among the units, so that the balance efficiency is improved.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a battery voltage balancing apparatus, including:
the pressure difference acquisition unit is used for acquiring the pressure difference between the battery monomers in the battery unit;
the judging unit is used for judging whether the pressure difference meets a preset value or not;
the transfer unit is used for transferring part of electric quantity from the high-voltage battery monomer to the low-voltage battery monomer by utilizing inductive energy storage if a preset value is met;
and the reducing unit is used for further reducing the voltage difference of the battery cells by using the resistor.
In the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to the process of the above battery voltage balancing method for the specific implementation method of the balancing apparatus, which is not described in detail in the embodiment of the present invention.
An embodiment of the present invention also provides an energy storage system, including:
the battery voltage equalizing circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention; and
and the battery management system is used for controlling the battery voltage balancing circuit to work so as to balance the battery voltage difference.
In the embodiment of the invention, the battery voltage balancing circuit is applied to the energy storage system, so that the voltages of all battery units of the energy storage system can be balanced, the voltage difference among the battery units is reduced, the energy storage system can work in the optimal state, and the performance of the battery energy storage system is fully utilized.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above when the program is executed. Any reference to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus Direct RAM (RDRAM), direct bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The battery voltage equalization circuit is characterized by comprising a plurality of battery units which are connected in series and/or in parallel, wherein each battery unit comprises two battery monomers which are connected in series;
each single battery is connected with a first switch and a second switch in parallel respectively, an inductor is arranged between the common end of the two first switches and the common end of the two single batteries, and a resistor is arranged between the common end of the two second switches and the common end of the two single batteries.
2. The battery voltage equalizing circuit according to claim 1, wherein a diode is connected to the first switch, and a conduction direction of the diode is opposite to a discharge direction of the corresponding battery cell.
3. The battery voltage equalizing circuit of claim 1, wherein the first switch and/or the second switch is a field effect transistor.
4. The battery voltage equalization circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a detection circuit for detecting a voltage difference between cells within the same battery cell to control the first switch and/or the second switch to be turned on or off.
5. The battery voltage equalizing circuit according to claim 4, wherein the detection circuit comprises a field effect transistor, and a drain plate and a source electrode of the field effect transistor are respectively connected to two ends of the battery cell.
6. The battery voltage equalizing circuit of claim 5, wherein the fets of adjacent cell detection circuits are arranged in series.
7. A battery voltage equalization method, characterized by comprising the steps of:
acquiring the pressure difference between single batteries in the battery unit;
judging whether the pressure difference meets a preset value or not;
if the preset value is met, transferring part of electric quantity from the high-voltage battery monomer to the low-voltage battery monomer by utilizing inductive energy storage;
and the voltage difference of the battery cells is further reduced by using the resistor.
8. The battery voltage equalization method according to claim 7, wherein the step of transferring part of the electric quantity from the high-voltage battery cell to the low-voltage battery cell by using inductive energy storage specifically comprises the following steps:
controlling the first switch to be conducted so that part of electric quantity of the battery monomer with high voltage is transferred to the inductor;
and controlling the first switch to be closed and the second switch to be conducted so as to transfer the electric quantity stored in the inductor to the battery monomer with low voltage.
9. A battery voltage equalizing apparatus, characterized in that the battery voltage equalizing apparatus comprises:
the pressure difference acquisition unit is used for acquiring the pressure difference between the battery monomers in the battery unit;
the judging unit is used for judging whether the pressure difference meets a preset value or not;
the transfer unit is used for transferring part of electric quantity from the high-voltage battery monomer to the low-voltage battery monomer by utilizing inductive energy storage if a preset value is met;
and the reducing unit is used for further reducing the voltage difference of the battery cells by using the resistor.
10. An energy storage system, comprising:
the battery voltage equalization circuit of any one of claims 1-6; and
and the battery management system is used for controlling the battery voltage balancing circuit to work so as to balance the battery voltage difference.
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| CN202110931547.3A CN113629814B (en) | 2021-08-13 | 2021-08-13 | Battery voltage equalization circuit, method and device and energy storage system |
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| CN115276170A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-01 | 合肥华思***有限公司 | Balanced adjustment method for high-efficiency energy-storage multi-battery-pack parallel circuit |
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| CN113629814B (en) | 2023-05-02 |
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