CN105958570A - Lithium battery voltage balance circuit topology - Google Patents
Lithium battery voltage balance circuit topology Download PDFInfo
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- CN105958570A CN105958570A CN201610331329.5A CN201610331329A CN105958570A CN 105958570 A CN105958570 A CN 105958570A CN 201610331329 A CN201610331329 A CN 201610331329A CN 105958570 A CN105958570 A CN 105958570A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A lithium battery voltage balance circuit topology belongs to the voltage balance circuit topology, and is characterized in that a lithium battery in parallel connection with two pairs of reversely series-wound metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) switching tubes, and the on-off states of the reversely series-wound MOSFET switching tubes of the upper and lower bridge arms are controlled, so that the lithium battery or a lithium battery set is connected with or bypasses a main circuit; during a charging/discharging process, and according to the terminal voltages of the lithium batteries or the lithium battery set, the on-off of the two pairs of MOSFET switching tubes of the upper and lower bridge arms is controlled, and further a flow path of a charging/discharging current is changed, so that the purpose of keeping the terminal voltage balance of the lithium batteries is finally achieved, the available capacity of a battery pack is improved substantially, and the influence of a conventional balance scheme on the service lives of the lithium batteries is reduced; when a single lithium battery or a set of lithium batteries is monitored to go wrong, the states of the switching tubes are controlled to bypass the faulted battery or battery pack, the faulted battery is divorced from the main circuit forcibly, while other lithium batteries can still work normally, thereby providing the reliable guarantee for the safe work of the battery pack and the personal safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of voltage balance circuit topology, particularly a kind of lithium battery voltage equalizing circuit topology.
Background technology
Electric automobile fast development in recent years, but lithium battery capacity and voltage seriously restrict its course continuation mileage.A large amount of lithium battery strings
Parallel combination is capable of increasing substantially of battery capacity and voltage, but due to the discordance of the internal resistance of cell, at battery
In charge and discharge process, it may appear that some batteries are fully charged and other batteries underfill, or some batteries take the lead in being discharged and
Other batteries also have the operating mode of dump energy, cause battery bag battery capacity utilization rate low, have what portion capacity was not used by
Situation.This situation there will be overcharging or overdischarge phenomenon of battery time serious, and then causes the life-span of battery to reduce even
Explode.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to provide a kind of lithium battery voltage equalizing circuit topology, solve conventional batteries equalizing circuit equilibrium effect
The problem that rate is low, balance policy is complicated, time for balance is difficult to determine and can not bypass fail battery.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the main circuit of this battery voltage balanced topology is by battery and switch mosfet
Pipe forms, and two MOSFET pipe anti-series of brachium pontis wherein gone up by each battery two ends quarter switch mosfet pipe,
And use same pulse signal, two MOSFET pipe anti-series of lower brachium pontis, use same pulse signal；Set of cells
Cathode output end is connected between the upper brachium pontis of first lithium battery and lower brachium pontis, and the upper end of upper brachium pontis is connected with anode,
The lower lower end of brachium pontis is connected with the negative pole of battery, is connected simultaneously between the upper brachium pontis of second lithium battery and lower brachium pontis；?
Two are above parallel with battery, and the negative pole of battery are connected to the 3rd lithium battery between brachium pontis upper end and the lower end of lower brachium pontis
Between upper brachium pontis and lower brachium pontis, by that analogy, using the negative pole of last lithium battery as the cathode output end of set of cells, many
Individual set of cells parallel connection forms battery bag；When upper brachium pontis switching tube is opened, lower brachium pontis switching tube turns off, lithium battery accesses main circuit
In；Time upper brachium pontis switching tube turns off, lower brachium pontis switching tube is opened, corresponding lithium battery is bypassed；The shutoff of upper brachium pontis switching tube,
Time lower brachium pontis switching tube turns off, lithium battery departs from main circuit；By control upper and lower brachium pontis two to switch mosfet
Pipe is opened or is turned off, and changes the circulation path of charging and discharging currents, it is achieved each lithium battery terminal voltage equalizes.
At charger in battery bag charging process, when other lithium battery terminal voltages in a certain lithium battery voltage is higher than group, will
Corresponding a pair MOSFET pipe of lower brachium pontis is open-minded, and the corresponding lithium battery of bypass no longer gives this lithium cell charging, until electricity in group
Pressure equilibrium.
At charger in battery bag charging process, when a certain group of group terminal voltage is more than other group group terminal voltages, by this group institute
Having the corresponding upper and lower brachium pontis two of lithium battery to simultaneously turn off MOSFET pipe, this group lithium battery departs from main circuit, institute in group
Lithium battery is had to charge, until electric voltage equalization between group.
In battery bag discharge process, when other lithium battery terminal voltages in a certain lithium battery voltage is less than group, by bridge under correspondence
A pair MOSFET pipe of arm is open-minded, and battery bypasses with main circuit, no longer powering load, until electric voltage equalization in group.
In battery bag discharge process, when a certain group of group terminal voltage is less than other group group terminal voltages, by all for this group lithium batteries
MOSFET pipe is simultaneously turned off by corresponding upper and lower brachium pontis two, and this set of cells departs from main circuit, no longer powering load,
Until electric voltage equalization between group.
In battery bag discharge process, if a certain joint lithium battery breaks down, then by a pair MOSFET pipe of its lower brachium pontis
The most open-minded, this lithium battery bypasses with main circuit, it is impossible to powering load, and other lithium battery normal power supplies, it is ensured that system
Normal work.
In battery bag carries out discharge process, if a certain group of lithium battery breaks down, then will in group in all lithium battery correspondences,
MOSFET pipe is simultaneously turned off by lower brachium pontis two, then this group lithium battery departs from main circuit, it is impossible to powering load, and its
His lithium battery group normal power supply, it is ensured that system worked well.
Beneficial effect and advantage:
1, during discharge and recharge, all can realize the electric voltage equalization in set of cells, between group；
2, it is capable of the bypass of fail battery, protects user security, and set of cells still may be used under battery failure operating mode
To work on；
3, a kind of novel lithium battery voltage balance circuit Topology Control Algorithm of the present invention is simple, it is easy to accomplish.
Solve that conventional batteries equalizing circuit equalization efficiency is low, balance policy is complicated, time for balance is difficult to determine and can not be other
The problem of road fail battery, has reached the purpose of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is lithium battery voltage equalizing circuit topological diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is lithium battery Bat in charging process of the present invention11、Bat22、Bat33Euqalizing current instantaneous flow graph when voltage is higher.
Euqalizing current instantaneous flow graph when Fig. 3 is that in charging process of the present invention, IIth group of lithium battery group group terminal voltage is too high.
Fig. 4 is lithium battery Bat in discharge process of the present invention12、Bat22、Bat31Euqalizing current wink during low voltage operating mode occurs
Time flow graph.
Euqalizing current instantaneous flow graph when Fig. 5 is that in discharge process of the present invention, IIth group of lithium battery group group terminal voltage is too low.
Fig. 6 is fault lithium battery Bat in discharge process of the present invention23Bypass after current flow graph.
Fig. 7 is that in discharge process of the present invention, Ith group of lithium battery group breaks down after current flow graph.
Fig. 8 is electric voltage equalization analogous diagram between three lithium electricity group groups in lithium battery bag in charging process of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is that in charging process of the present invention, in lithium battery bag, Psychotria rubra (Lour.) Poir. lithium battery terminal voltage equalizes analogous diagram.
Figure 10 is electric voltage equalization analogous diagram between three lithium electricity group groups in lithium battery bag in discharge process of the present invention.
Figure 11 is that in discharge process of the present invention, in lithium battery bag, Psychotria rubra (Lour.) Poir. lithium battery terminal voltage equalizes analogous diagram.
In figure: I the Ith groups of lithium battery groups；II the IIth groups of lithium battery groups；III the IIIth groups of lithium battery groups；Three
After joint lithium battery series connection in groups, parallel connection becomes lithium battery bag.
Detailed description of the invention
The main circuit of this battery voltage balanced topology is made up of battery and switch mosfet pipe, each battery two ends quarter
Individual switch mosfet pipe, wherein goes up two MOSFET pipe anti-series of brachium pontis, and uses same pulse signal, lower bridge
Two MOSFET pipe anti-series of arm, use same pulse signal；Battery anode outfan is connected to first lithium electricity
Between upper brachium pontis and the lower brachium pontis in pond, the upper end of upper brachium pontis is connected with anode, and the lower end of lower brachium pontis connects with the negative pole of battery
Connect, be connected simultaneously between the upper brachium pontis of second lithium battery and lower brachium pontis；On second under brachium pontis upper end and lower brachium pontis
It is parallel with battery between end, and the negative pole of battery is connected between the upper brachium pontis of the 3rd lithium battery and lower brachium pontis, with this type of
Push away, the negative pole of last lithium battery is formed battery bag as the cathode output end of set of cells, multiple set of cells parallel connections；On
When brachium pontis switching tube is opened, lower brachium pontis switching tube turns off, lithium battery accesses in main circuit；Upper brachium pontis switching tube turns off, lower bridge
Time arm switch pipe is opened, corresponding lithium battery is bypassed；Time upper brachium pontis switching tube turns off, lower brachium pontis switching tube turns off, lithium
Battery departs from main circuit；By controlling upper and lower brachium pontis two, switch mosfet pipe is opened or turned off, change charge and discharge
The circulation path of electricity electric current, it is achieved each lithium battery terminal voltage equalizes.
At charger in battery bag charging process, when other lithium battery terminal voltages in a certain lithium battery voltage is higher than group, will
Corresponding a pair MOSFET pipe of lower brachium pontis is open-minded, and the corresponding lithium battery of bypass no longer gives this lithium cell charging, until electricity in group
Pressure equilibrium.
At charger in battery bag charging process, when a certain group of group terminal voltage is more than other group group terminal voltages, by this group institute
Having the corresponding upper and lower brachium pontis two of lithium battery to simultaneously turn off MOSFET pipe, this group lithium battery departs from main circuit, institute in group
Lithium battery is had to charge, until electric voltage equalization between group.
In battery bag discharge process, when other lithium battery terminal voltages in a certain lithium battery voltage is less than group, by bridge under correspondence
A pair MOSFET pipe of arm is open-minded, and battery bypasses with main circuit, no longer powering load, until electric voltage equalization in group.
In battery bag discharge process, when a certain group of group terminal voltage is less than other group group terminal voltages, by all for this group lithium batteries
MOSFET pipe is simultaneously turned off by corresponding upper and lower brachium pontis two, and this set of cells departs from main circuit, no longer powering load,
Until electric voltage equalization between group.
In battery bag discharge process, if a certain joint lithium battery breaks down, then by a pair MOSFET pipe of its lower brachium pontis
The most open-minded, this lithium battery bypasses with main circuit, it is impossible to powering load, and other lithium battery normal power supplies, it is ensured that system
Normal work.
In battery bag discharge process, if a certain group of lithium battery breaks down, then by upper and lower for interior for group all lithium battery correspondences
MOSFET pipe is simultaneously turned off by brachium pontis two, then this group lithium battery departs from main circuit, it is impossible to powering load, and other
Lithium battery group normal power supply, it is ensured that system worked well.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, a kind of lithium battery voltage equilibrium topology of the present invention and control algolithm thereof are described further.
Embodiment 1: as it is shown in figure 1, a kind of lithium battery voltage equilibrium topology of the present invention is by lithium battery and N-channel
MOSFET pipe forms, each lithium battery two ends quarter MOSFET pipe, wherein goes up two MOSFET of brachium pontis and uses
Same driving signal, a pair MOSFET of lower brachium pontis uses same driving signal, i.e. this upper and lower brachium pontis two switch
Guan Tongkai is with closing.As upper brachium pontis S1And S2The most open-minded, lower brachium pontis S3And S4When simultaneously turning off, corresponding lithium battery accesses
Main circuit；As upper brachium pontis S1And S2Simultaneously turn off, lower brachium pontis S3And S4When opening simultaneously, corresponding lithium battery bypass；When
Upper brachium pontis S1And S2Simultaneously turn off, lower brachium pontis S3And S4When simultaneously turning off, corresponding lithium battery departs from main circuit.
The on off state function of three brachium pontis of definition is as follows:
In formula, batteries in parallel connection group number i=1 in battery bag ... m, battery in battery pack sequence number j=1 ... n
Often to organize three joint lithium batteries series connection, as a example by the battery bag that three groups of lithium batteries are in parallel, in lithium battery bag charging process,
Sampling obtains the terminal voltage of each lithium battery, when the unbalanced operating mode of lithium battery terminal voltage in appearance group, as in figure 2 it is shown, work as
Ith group of first lithium battery Bat11Voltage end voltage is the highest, the IIth group of the 3rd lithium battery Bat22Voltage end voltage is the highest,
IIIth group of second lithium battery Bat33Voltage end voltage is the highest, now controls S11=0, S12=1, S13=1, S21=1, S22=0,
S23=1, S31=1, S32=1, S33=0, will the highest lithium battery bypass of voltage in three groups, the electricity that voltage is relatively low
Main circuit is accessed in pond, it is ensured that the lithium cell charging that voltage is relatively low.Controller is constantly sampled, is compared, the lithium electricity that bypass voltage is high
Pond, accesses main circuit by lithium battery low for voltage and is charged, finally realize electric voltage equalization in set of cells.
In battery bag charging process, when the lithium battery group unbalanced operating mode of group terminal voltage occurs, when the IIth group of group terminal voltage is the highest,
As it is shown on figure 3, MOSFET pipe is simultaneously turned off, i.e. by the corresponding upper and lower brachium pontis two of all lithium batteries in controlling the IIth group
S2j=-1 (j=1,2,3), it is ensured that in group, all batteries depart from main circuit, and now this Battery pack does not recharges.Until the IIth
Group group terminal voltage with the Ith group, as the IIIth group of terminal voltage time, then the IIth Battery pack is accessed main circuit.With should the IIIth
When group group terminal voltage or the Ith group of group terminal voltage are higher, corresponding set of cells need to be departed from main circuit equally, finally realize electricity
Electric voltage equalization between the package of pond.
During battery bag powering load, in appearance group during the unbalanced operating mode of lithium battery voltage, as shown in Figure 4, when
I group of first lithium battery Bat12Voltage end voltage is minimum, the IIth group of the 3rd lithium battery Bat22Voltage end voltage is minimum, the
III group of second lithium battery Bat31Voltage end voltage is minimum, now controls S11=1, S12=0, S13=1, S21=1, S22=0,
S23=1, S31=0, S32=1, S33=1, will the minimum lithium battery bypass of voltage in three groups, the electricity that voltage is of a relatively high
Main circuit powering load is accessed in pond.Controller is constantly sampled, is compared, the lithium battery that bypass voltage is low, by lithium low for voltage
Battery accesses main circuit, finally realizes electric voltage equalization in set of cells.
During battery bag powering load, between appearance group during the unbalanced operating mode of voltage, as it is shown in figure 5, when the IIth group of group
When too low operating mode occurs in terminal voltage, by the corresponding upper and lower brachium pontis two of all lithium batteries in the IIth group to MOSFET pipe simultaneously
Turn off, i.e. S2j=-1 (j=1,2,3), it is ensured that in group, all batteries the most do not access main circuit, and now this Battery pack will not be given negative
Carry power supply, until the IIth group of group terminal voltage with the Ith group, as the IIIth group of terminal voltage time, then the IIth Battery pack accessed lead
Circuit, continues powering load.In like manner, when the IIIth group of group terminal voltage or the Ith group of group terminal voltage are relatively low, need equally by
Corresponding set of cells bypasses with main circuit, finally realizes electric voltage equalization between battery package.
During battery bag powering load, when battery bag occurs lithium battery fault condition, as shown in Figure 6, when the IIth
Organize the 3rd lithium battery Bat23Break down, control S immediately23=0, bypassed, in actual applications due to series-connected cell
More, bypass a batteries and do not interfere with in group that other are battery operated, then ensure that system is properly functioning.
When battery bag powering load, in battery bag set of cells break down operating mode time, as it is shown in fig. 7, when the Ith group of lithium
Set of cells breaks down, and is simultaneously turned off MOSFET pipe, i.e. by corresponding for all lithium batteries in group upper and lower brachium pontis two immediately
Control S1j=-1 (j=1,2,3), depart from this group lithium battery group with main circuit, and other lithium battery groups normally work, and protect
Card system is properly functioning.
Fig. 8 is electric voltage equalization analogous diagram between group in lithium battery bag during charging, and Fig. 9 is Psychotria rubra (Lour.) Poir. battery-end in lithium battery bag during charging
Electric voltage equalization emulates, by initial voltages different for every batteries model specification, according to above-mentioned algorithm controls switching tube action, by
Simulation waveform can obtain, and it is equal that three lithium battery group group terminal voltages and each battery terminal voltage are done step-by-step voltage in charging process
Weighing apparatus, controls respond well.
Figure 10 is electric voltage equalization analogous diagram between group in lithium battery bag during electric discharge, and Figure 11 is Psychotria rubra (Lour.) Poir. battery in lithium battery bag during electric discharge
Terminal voltage equilibrium emulation, by initial voltages different for every batteries model specification, according to above-mentioned algorithm controls switching tube action,
Can be obtained by simulation waveform, three lithium battery group group terminal voltages and each battery terminal voltage are done step-by-step equilibrium in discharge process,
Control respond well.
Claims (7)
1. a lithium battery voltage equalizing circuit topology, is characterized in that: the main circuit of this battery voltage balanced topology is by battery
Forming with switch mosfet pipe, each battery two ends are parallel with four switch mosfet pipes, wherein go up brachium pontis two
MOSFET pipe anti-series, and use same pulse signal, two MOSFET pipe anti-series of lower brachium pontis, use same
Individual pulse signal；Battery anode outfan is connected between the upper brachium pontis of first lithium battery and lower brachium pontis, upper brachium pontis upper
End is connected with anode, and the lower lower end of brachium pontis is connected with the negative pole of battery, is connected simultaneously to the upper brachium pontis of second lithium battery
And between lower brachium pontis；Second is parallel with between the lower end of brachium pontis upper end and lower brachium pontis lithium battery, and bearing lithium battery
Pole is connected between the upper brachium pontis of the 3rd lithium battery and lower brachium pontis, by that analogy, using the negative pole of last lithium battery as
The cathode output end of set of cells, multiple set of cells parallel connections form battery bag；Upper brachium pontis switching tube is opened, lower brachium pontis switching tube closes
Time disconnected, lithium battery accesses in main circuit；Time upper brachium pontis switching tube turns off, lower brachium pontis switching tube is opened, corresponding lithium battery quilt
Bypass；Time upper brachium pontis switching tube turns off, lower brachium pontis switching tube turns off, lithium battery departs from main circuit；By controlling above,
Switch mosfet pipe is opened or is turned off by lower brachium pontis two, changes the circulation path of charging and discharging currents, it is achieved each lithium electricity
Pond terminal voltage equilibrium.
A kind of lithium battery voltage equalizing circuit topology the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: at charger to electricity
In the bag charging process of pond, when other lithium battery terminal voltages in a certain lithium battery voltage is higher than group, by brachium pontis a pair under correspondence
MOSFET pipe is open-minded, the corresponding lithium battery of bypass, no longer gives this lithium cell charging, until electric voltage equalization in group.
A kind of lithium battery voltage equalizing circuit topology the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: at charger to electricity
In the bag charging process of pond, when a certain group of group terminal voltage more than other group group terminal voltages time, by all for this group lithium battery correspondences,
MOSFET pipe is simultaneously turned off by lower brachium pontis two, and this group lithium battery departs from main circuit, and in group, all lithium batteries cannot charge,
Until electric voltage equalization between group.
A kind of lithium battery voltage equalizing circuit topology the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: discharge at battery bag
During, when other lithium battery terminal voltages in a certain lithium battery voltage is less than group, by a pair MOSFET of brachium pontis under correspondence
Managing open-minded, battery bypasses with main circuit, no longer powering load, until electric voltage equalization in group.
A kind of lithium battery voltage equalizing circuit topology the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: discharge at battery bag
During, when a certain group of group terminal voltage is less than other group group terminal voltages, by upper and lower brachium pontis corresponding for all for this group lithium batteries
Two pairs of MOSFET pipes simultaneously turn off, and this set of cells departs from main circuit, and no longer powering load, until voltage is equal between group
Weighing apparatus.
A kind of lithium battery voltage equalizing circuit topology the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: discharge at battery bag
During, if a certain joint lithium battery breaks down, then by the most open-minded for its lower a pair MOSFET pipe of brachium pontis, this lithium electricity
Pond bypasses with main circuit, it is impossible to powering load, and other lithium battery normal power supplies, it is ensured that system worked well.
A kind of lithium battery voltage equalizing circuit topology the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: carry out at battery bag
In discharge process, if a certain group of lithium battery breaks down, then by right for interior for the group corresponding upper and lower brachium pontis two of all lithium batteries
MOSFET pipe simultaneously turns off, then this group lithium battery departs from main circuit, it is impossible to powering load, and other lithium battery groups are just
Often power supply, it is ensured that system worked well.
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| CN108667104A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-10-16 | 三峡大学 | A kind of charging of lithium battery group alternating current-direct current and active equalization circuit |
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Application publication date: 20160921 |