CN114243863A - Active equalization circuit based on MOS (Metal oxide semiconductor) transistor control, battery management system and method - Google Patents
Active equalization circuit based on MOS (Metal oxide semiconductor) transistor control, battery management system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114243863A CN114243863A CN202111656058.8A CN202111656058A CN114243863A CN 114243863 A CN114243863 A CN 114243863A CN 202111656058 A CN202111656058 A CN 202111656058A CN 114243863 A CN114243863 A CN 114243863A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0036—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of battery equalization, in particular to an active equalization circuit based on MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor control, a battery management system and a method. The active equalization circuit comprises an equalization unit arranged at an adjacent electric core, wherein the equalization unit comprises a first inductor, a capacitor and a second inductor which are sequentially connected in series, the first inductor is connected in series with a first MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube and then is arranged at the position of the previous electric core of the adjacent electric core in parallel, and the second inductor is connected in series with a second MOS tube and then is arranged at the position of the next electric core of the adjacent electric core in parallel; one end of the first inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the previous battery cell of the adjacent battery cells, and the other end of the first inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the capacitor. The battery management system is provided with the active equalization circuit, and the battery management method is realized based on the battery management system. The invention can better realize the simultaneous and rapid balance among a plurality of battery cores.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery equalization, in particular to an active equalization circuit based on MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor control, a battery management system and a method.
Background
For a power battery such as a lithium battery, a battery pack (or a battery pack) of the power battery generally has a plurality of cells connected in series. For such batteries, due to the difference between the battery cells, it is difficult for different battery cells to maintain better cell consistency, which may cause a voltage difference between the battery cells during the charging and/or discharging process of the battery, and this may directly result in the charging and discharging performance of the entire battery pack. Therefore, the existing battery pack needs to be provided with an equalizing circuit to realize the equalization of the cell voltage among the cells.
At present, an equalization circuit can be roughly divided into a passive equalization circuit and an active equalization circuit, the passive equalization circuit usually adopts elements such as resistors to discharge redundant energy, and the elements are consumption type equalization, the defects are obvious, and energy consumption is serious. The active equalization circuit generally adopts energy storage elements such as capacitors and inductors to realize energy transfer among the battery cores, and the energy consumption waste is almost negligible, so the active equalization circuit is widely applied.
In chinese patent application with publication number CN 106532852 a, a battery pack equalization circuit based on LC series energy storage is proposed, which uses LC series energy storage units to realize energy transfer between high energy cells and low energy cells; in the balancing process, the energy of a high-energy battery cell is required to be stored in an LC series energy storage unit, and then the stored energy is transferred to a low-energy battery cell; the defects are also obvious:
1. the equalizing speed is too slow;
2. in the balancing process, the charging and discharging/electricity discharging behaviors are also continued actually, and new imbalance is likely to be caused due to the fact that the balancing speed is too low;
3. when a plurality of battery cells need to be balanced, the balance of the plurality of battery cells cannot be simultaneously satisfied, and the balance circuit cannot effectively play the application role in time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an active equalization circuit based on MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor control, which can overcome the problem of low equalization speed of the existing equalization circuit.
The active equalization circuit based on MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube control comprises an equalization unit arranged at an adjacent electric core, wherein the equalization unit comprises a first inductor, a capacitor and a second inductor which are sequentially connected in series, the first inductor is connected with a first MOS tube in series and then is arranged at the position of the previous electric core of the adjacent electric core in parallel, and the second inductor is connected with a second MOS tube in series and then is arranged at the position of the next electric core of the adjacent electric core in parallel;
one end of the first inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the previous battery cell of the adjacent battery cells, and the other end of the first inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the capacitor.
According to the invention, through the arrangement of the capacitor, an energy transfer storage unit can be preferably provided, so that when unbalance occurs, the transfer of the energy in the battery cell with high cell voltage to the capacitor can be preferably realized by controlling the conduction of the corresponding MOS tube, and after the transfer is finished, the conduction of the corresponding MOS tube can be preferably controlled, and the transfer of the energy at the capacitor to the battery cell with low cell voltage can be realized. Therefore, active equalization among the cells can be better realized.
Based on the active equalization circuit based on MOS tube control in the invention, the invention also provides a battery management system, which comprises,
the battery pack is provided with n electric cores which are sequentially connected in series;
the detection circuit is used for detecting the cell voltage of each cell;
the equalizing circuit adopts the active equalizing circuit based on MOS tube control as claimed in claim 1, and the number of the equalizing units is n-1, and the equalizing units are arranged between any two adjacent battery cells; and
and the processing unit is used for processing all the cell voltages acquired by the detection circuit and realizing the balance of the cell voltages by controlling the first MOS tube and the second MOS tube of the corresponding balance circuit when any cell needs to be balanced.
By the battery management system, voltage balance among the battery cells can be better realized, and particularly, a plurality of battery cells can be balanced simultaneously.
Based on the battery management system, the invention also provides a battery management method, which adopts the battery management system to realize the balanced management of the battery pack; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the cell voltage V1-Vn of each cell in real time through a detection circuit, and sending the cell voltage V1-Vn to a processing unit;
step S2, the processing unit compares the minimum voltage Vmin in the cell voltages V1-Vn with the rest cell voltages in sequence and judges whether the minimum voltage Vmin reaches a set balance threshold value; if not, continuing to detect; if the result is reached, the next step is carried out;
and step S3, the processing unit controls the corresponding balancing unit to act, and balancing of the corresponding battery cell is achieved.
In the invention, through steps S1-S3, the voltage balance among the battery cells can be better realized. In particular, simultaneous equalization of a plurality of cells can be preferably achieved.
Preferably, in step S3, when any cell needs to be balanced due to too low cell voltage, the following steps are periodically repeated until the cell reaches the balanced state,
step S31, controlling the adjacent battery cell to charge the corresponding capacitor;
and step S32, controlling the corresponding capacitor to charge the battery cell.
According to the battery cell voltage balancing method, when any battery cell needs to be balanced due to too low battery cell voltage, the energy of the adjacent battery cells can be simultaneously utilized to balance the battery cell voltage, and therefore the balancing speed can be greatly improved.
Preferably, in step S3, when any cell needs to be equalized due to too high cell voltage, the following steps are periodically repeated until equalization is achieved,
step S33, controlling the capacitor to charge the corresponding capacitor;
and step S34, controlling the corresponding capacitor to charge the corresponding adjacent battery cell.
Therefore, when any one of the battery cells needs to be balanced due to overhigh battery cell voltage, the balance of the battery cells can be realized by transferring energy to the adjacent battery cells, and therefore the balance among the battery cells can be better realized.
Preferably, during the equalization process, the first MOS transistor and the second MOS transistor of the same equalization unit are driven by square waves with opposite phases. Therefore, successive equalization can be preferably performed, and the equalization accuracy is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of an active equalization circuit in embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a battery management system in embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the examples are illustrative of the invention and not limiting.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1, this embodiment provides an active equalization circuit based on MOS transistor control, which includes an equalization unit disposed at an adjacent electrical core, where the equalization unit includes a first inductor, a capacitor, and a second inductor sequentially connected in series, the first inductor is connected in series with a first MOS transistor and then connected in parallel to a previous electrical core of the adjacent electrical core, and the second inductor is connected in series with a second MOS transistor and then connected in parallel to a next electrical core of the adjacent electrical core;
one end of the first inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the previous battery cell of the adjacent battery cells, and the other end of the first inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the capacitor.
In this embodiment, through the setting of electric capacity, can provide an energy transfer memory cell better, so when appearing disproportionately, can realize the energy in the electric core of high electric core voltage to the transfer of electric capacity through controlling switching on of corresponding MOS pipe better to after the transfer is accomplished, can control switching on of corresponding MOS pipe better, realize that the energy of electric capacity department shifts to in the electric core of low electric core voltage. Therefore, active equalization among the cells can be better realized.
The first MOS tube and the second MOS tube can be driven by square wave signals with opposite phases, so that the first MOS tube and the second MOS tube can be alternately switched on and off when the equalizing unit acts, that is, the charging and discharging of the capacitor can be alternately carried out, the energy transfer can be successively realized, and the equalizing precision is higher.
In addition, due to the existence of the first inductor and the second inductor, the balance current can be better limited, and therefore the balance safety can be effectively improved.
The active equalization circuit in the embodiment has the advantages of simple structure and low cost.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, based on the active equalization circuit in embodiment 2, this embodiment provides a battery management system, which includes,
the battery pack is provided with n electric cores which are sequentially connected in series;
the detection circuit is used for detecting the cell voltage of each cell;
the equalizing circuit adopts the active equalizing circuit based on MOS tube control as claimed in claim 1, and the number of the equalizing units is n-1, and the equalizing units are arranged between any two adjacent battery cells; and
and the processing unit is used for processing all the cell voltages acquired by the detection circuit and realizing the balance of the cell voltages by controlling the first MOS tube and the second MOS tube of the corresponding balance circuit when any cell needs to be balanced.
Through the battery management system in the embodiment, voltage balance among the battery cells can be better realized, and especially, the balance among a plurality of battery cells can be simultaneously realized.
In addition, it can be known that the first inductance, the capacitance and the second inductance of each balancing unit are always connected in parallel to the adjacent battery cells, and the arrangement can maintain the overall voltage between the adjacent battery cells to a certain extent, and the balancing units are arranged between any adjacent battery cells, so that the balancing units can have better balancing capability even when the balancing units do not act. Furthermore, when the equalizing unit operates, energy is already stored in the capacitor, so that the equalizing efficiency can be further improved.
Example 3
With reference to fig. 1, based on the battery management system in embodiment 2, this embodiment provides a battery management method, which uses the battery management system in embodiment 2 to implement balanced management on a battery pack; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the cell voltage V1-Vn of each cell in real time through a detection circuit, and sending the cell voltage V1-Vn to a processing unit;
step S2, the processing unit compares the minimum voltage Vmin in the cell voltages V1-Vn with the rest cell voltages in sequence and judges whether the minimum voltage Vmin reaches a set balance threshold value; if not, continuing to detect; if the result is reached, the next step is carried out;
and step S3, the processing unit controls the corresponding balancing unit to act, and balancing of the corresponding battery cell is achieved.
In this embodiment, through steps S1-S3, voltage equalization between the battery cells can be preferably achieved. In particular, simultaneous equalization of a plurality of cells can be preferably achieved.
In addition, in step S3, when any cell needs to be balanced due to too low cell voltage, the following steps are periodically repeated until the cell reaches balance,
step S31, controlling the adjacent battery cell to charge the corresponding capacitor;
and step S32, controlling the corresponding capacitor to charge the battery cell.
According to the battery cell voltage balancing method, when any battery cell needs to be balanced due to too low battery cell voltage, the energy of the adjacent battery cells can be simultaneously utilized to balance the battery cell voltage, and therefore the balancing speed can be greatly improved.
In addition, in step S3, when any cell needs to be balanced due to too high cell voltage, the following steps are periodically repeated until the cell reaches balance,
step S33, controlling the capacitor to charge the corresponding capacitor;
and step S34, controlling the corresponding capacitor to charge the corresponding adjacent battery cell.
Therefore, when any one of the battery cells needs to be balanced due to overhigh battery cell voltage, the balance of the battery cells can be realized by transferring energy to the adjacent battery cells, and therefore the balance among the battery cells can be better realized.
In addition, in the equalizing process, the first MOS tube and the second MOS tube of the same equalizing unit are driven by square waves with opposite phases. Therefore, successive equalization can be preferably performed, and the equalization accuracy is high.
As shown in fig. 1, the equalization process in this embodiment may encounter the following situations:
1. the voltage of a single cell is overhigh, and the voltages of other cells are normal
Taking the example that the cell voltage of the cell EB2 is too high, at this time, the processing unit sends a control signal to the MOS transistors Q1-Q4, the control signal is a square wave signal, the phases of the control signals at the MOS transistors Q1 and Q2 are opposite, the phases of the control signals at the MOS transistors Q3 and Q4 are opposite, and the phases of the MOS transistors Q1 and Q4 are the same; when only the MOS transistors Q1 and Q4 are turned on, the battery cell EB2 can charge the capacitors C1 and C2 at the same time; when only the MOS transistors Q2 and Q3 are turned on, the capacitors C1 and C2 charge the cells EB1 and EB3, respectively.
It can be clearly seen that, in the above process, 2 equalizing units related to the cell EB2 can act simultaneously, so that the equalizing speed can be greatly increased.
2. The voltage of a single cell is too low, and the voltages of other cells are normal
Taking the cell voltage of the cell EB2 to be too low as an example, according to the principle, the energy at the cell EB1 and the cell EB3 can be simultaneously used for supplementing the cell EB2, so that the balancing speed can be greatly improved.
3. The voltages of a plurality of battery cells are too high and/or too low, and the voltages of other battery cells are normal
Using battery cell EB2 battery cell voltage too low, battery cell EB3 voltage too high as an example, according to the above principle, the energy of battery cell EB2 department can be supplemented by battery cell EB1 and EB3 simultaneously, and the energy of battery cell EB3 department can be shifted to battery cell EB2 and EB4 department simultaneously, so not only can promote balanced speed greatly, and can realize the equilibrium when between a plurality of battery cells better.
Actually, the step S3 can further include the following steps: the processing unit calculates the average voltage Vp of the cell voltages V1-Vn, controls all the cells with the current cell voltages higher than the average voltage Vp to charge the corresponding capacitors at the corresponding equalizing circuits, and controls the 2 MOS tubes at the corresponding equalizing circuits to be opened and closed periodically in a clearance manner, so that the charge transfer from the cells with the cell voltages higher than the average voltage Vp to the adjacent cells can be realized relatively quickly, and the equalizing speed can be improved better.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. Active equalizer circuit based on MOS pipe control, its characterized in that: the cell balancing circuit comprises a balancing unit arranged at an adjacent cell, wherein the balancing unit comprises a first inductor, a capacitor and a second inductor which are sequentially connected in series, the first inductor is connected in series with a first MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube and then is arranged at the position of the previous cell of the adjacent cell, and the second inductor is connected in series with a second MOS tube and then is arranged at the position of the next cell of the adjacent cell;
one end of the first inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the previous battery cell of the adjacent battery cells, and the other end of the first inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the capacitor.
2. A battery management system, characterized by: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
the battery pack is provided with n electric cores which are sequentially connected in series;
the detection circuit is used for detecting the cell voltage of each cell;
the equalizing circuit adopts the active equalizing circuit based on MOS tube control as claimed in claim 1, and the number of the equalizing units is n-1, and the equalizing units are arranged between any two adjacent battery cells; and
and the processing unit is used for processing all the cell voltages acquired by the detection circuit and realizing the balance of the cell voltages by controlling the first MOS tube and the second MOS tube of the corresponding balance circuit when any cell needs to be balanced.
3. A battery management method, which adopts the battery management system of claim 2 to realize the balance management of the battery pack; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the cell voltage V1-Vn of each cell in real time through a detection circuit, and sending the cell voltage V1-Vn to a processing unit;
step S2, the processing unit compares the minimum voltage Vmin in the cell voltages V1-Vn with the rest cell voltages in sequence and judges whether the minimum voltage Vmin reaches a set balance threshold value; if not, continuing to detect; if the result is reached, the next step is carried out;
and step S3, the processing unit controls the corresponding balancing unit to act, and balancing of the corresponding battery cell is achieved.
4. The battery management method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step S3, when any cell needs to be balanced due to low cell voltage, the following steps are periodically repeated until the cell is balanced,
step S31, controlling the adjacent battery cell to charge the corresponding capacitor;
and step S32, controlling the corresponding capacitor to charge the battery cell.
5. The battery management method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step S3, when any cell needs to be balanced due to too high cell voltage, the following steps are periodically repeated until the cell reaches balance,
step S33, controlling the capacitor to charge the corresponding capacitor;
and step S34, controlling the corresponding capacitor to charge the corresponding adjacent battery cell.
6. The battery management method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: in the equalizing process, the first MOS tube and the second MOS tube of the same equalizing unit are driven by square waves with opposite phases.
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| CN202111656058.8A CN114243863A (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Active equalization circuit based on MOS (Metal oxide semiconductor) transistor control, battery management system and method |
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| CN202111656058.8A CN114243863A (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2021-12-30 | Active equalization circuit based on MOS (Metal oxide semiconductor) transistor control, battery management system and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115441072A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-12-06 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | Battery and electric power system |
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| CN113489097A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-10-08 | 河南理工大学 | Active equalization method for series battery pack based on L-LC energy storage |
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- 2021-12-30 CN CN202111656058.8A patent/CN114243863A/en active Pending
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| WO2016008253A1 (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2016-01-21 | 国家电网公司 | Active and passive synergic hybrid equalization circuit of series storage battery pack and equalization method thereof |
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