CN110011365A - The equal balance system of energy-storage battery group - Google Patents
The equal balance system of energy-storage battery group Download PDFInfo
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- CN110011365A CN110011365A CN201810009381.8A CN201810009381A CN110011365A CN 110011365 A CN110011365 A CN 110011365A CN 201810009381 A CN201810009381 A CN 201810009381A CN 110011365 A CN110011365 A CN 110011365A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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Abstract
It include battery pack the present invention relates to a kind of equal balance system of energy-storage battery group, whole group battery pack is divided into several groups, it is equipped with interior converter and the switching group between converter, group of battery management module (BMU), group, to accelerate balancing speed and not increase system complexity excessively.Equalization scheme proposed by the invention is not only able to achieve the inside electric quantity balancing of local cell group in whole group battery, but also is able to achieve the Homogeneity between groups of different local cell groups, and energy loss is few, balancing speed is fast, high-efficient, and structure is simple, it is at low cost, it is suitable for high capacity cell energy-storage system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of batteries, especially a kind of equal balance system of energy-storage battery group.
Background technique
Because manufacturing technology level and decay rates difference generation monomer performance are inconsistent after battery group, single battery is compared
Performance can be reduced to 80% hereinafter, can only solve at present by replacing worst single battery, undoubtedly will increase battery production enterprise
With the cost of user, it has also become a problem urgently to be resolved of puzzlement battery energy storage application.
Improving battery performance by additionally increasing battery equalization system is considered as realistic plan, wherein not
The weary passive equalization scheme with resistive dissipation, but the program is because being only applicable to charging process, resistance heating and energy content of battery waste
Defect cause its application range narrow；The few flying capacitance of energy loss or energy storage inductor scheme are because power is small and balancing speed
Slow disadvantage is unsuitable to apply to high capacity cell energy storage occasion；It is combined by DC/DC converter, DC/AC converter or both
Scheme be more suitable for high capacity cell energy storage.
It focuses mostly in battery pack between local monomer currently based on the research of DC/DC converter and DC/AC converter scheme
Balanced implementation and in terms of how improving converter transfer efficiency, seldom considers how whole group battery realizes low cost, fastly
The efficient equalization problem of speed, and this problem is that high capacity cell energy storage has to the problem solved.
Summary of the invention
The shortcomings that the invention solves the above-mentioned prior arts provides a kind of energy storage electricity of simple, the efficient fast uniform of structure
Chi Zujun balance system, to adapt to the feature that energy-storage system battery number is more, power system capacity is big.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention to solve the technical problem: this equal balance system of energy-storage battery group includes battery pack,
Whole group battery pack is divided into several groups, is equipped with the interior converter between converter, group of battery management module (BMU), group and opens
Pass group, to accelerate balancing speed and not increase system complexity excessively；Converter and switching group are integrated between converter, group in group
In BMU；For realizing the equilibrium of single battery in group, low-pressure side constitutes low converter with switching group, single battery in group
Road is pushed back, high-pressure side is directly connected in group's battery pack end and constitutes high tension loop；Battery of the converter between group is equal between group
Weighing apparatus, side and group's battery pack end are directly connected to constitute circuit, and the other side is connected to battery management module power bus and constitutes back
Road；Main control unit is provided in BMU, it can be according to converter is run between converter and group in balance policy control switch group, group
And stopping；It is also integrated with battery voltage acquisition circuit in BMU, cell voltage can be acquired in real time, for protecting the battery against
It fills and over-discharge, while providing voltage data for the execution of balance policy.
Preferably, converter is the two-way DC/DC converter with isolating transformer in organizing, it can be small in battery by energy
Bi-directional between group and same group single battery, is not influenced by the charging of whole group battery, electric discharge or open-circuit condition.
Preferably, converter operating condition has the characteristics that low-voltage, high-current in organizing, single battery end operating voltage is not high
In 5V, operating current is not higher than 5A, and power is lower.Therefore for its topological structure using half-bridge form is recommended, isolating transformer is primary
Side uses push-pull circuit, and isolating transformer secondary side uses half-bridge circuit, and transformer voltage ratio is according to battery types and group's battery
Serial number determines.
Preferably, isolating transformer primary side is recommended connected by the source electrode and drain electrode of 2 switching tubes, switching tube is remaining
Drain electrode and source electrode are connected with transformer primary winding.Transformer primary winding band centre cap, concatenate energy storage inductor after access it is defeated
Enter proper pole.Energy storage inductor and filter capacitor form low-pass filter circuit；Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer is half-bridge topology circuit, by 2
Bridge is formed after the capacitances capacitor such as concatenated and 2 concatenated paralleled power switches, bridge arm connects the vice-side winding of transformer.Wherein
Capacitor usually requires parallel resistance use, provides discharge loop to capacitor, the electric energy of Absorption Capacitance prevents the discharge current of capacitor
It is excessive, it avoids damaging device in parallel therewith.Bias phenomenon is generated in order to prevent, introduces pincers in Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer
Position capacitor.The switching tube is all connected to anti-paralleled diode and capacitor, prevents switching tube high pressure from damaging；The circuit passes through PWM
Driving chip control switch pipe turns on and off, and transmits electric energy using transformer and energy storage inductor, can be realized the double of energy
To flowing, while transformer plays buffer action, can prevent short circuit between battery caused by fault, it is reliable to improve circuit
Property.
Preferably, switching group consists of three parts, even number serial number switchs one end and is connected to odd number section number battery cathode, separately
One end links together；Odd indexed switchs one end and is connected to even number section number battery cathode, and the other end links together；Two lists
The non-moving end of double-pole double throw switch is respectively connected to above-mentioned two groups of switches, and moved end is respectively connected to the low-pressure end of converter in group.It opens
Pass group constitutes the charge and discharge electric pathway of single battery.
Preferably, the mode of centrally connected power supply is usually taken in several BMU power supply that actual battery group is equipped with, equipped with power supply
Bus.The power supply of BMU is usually AC220V, DC24V, DC12V equal-specification, therefore converter can be according to BMU's between group
Power supply mode is designed as DC/DC converter or DC/AC converter two types, and has the function of two-way changing, is able to achieve electricity
Pond energy transmits between different battery groups.Wherein DC/DC converter is also pushed away using identical with the interior converter circuit topology of group
Draw half-bridge topology form.
Preferably, single battery and battery group all have the function of energy stores, in energy content of battery transfer process not
It will appear output and the unmatched problem of input energy.
Preferably, balance policy is based on organizing interior monomer battery voltage in battery group, when the very poor value of monomer voltage
It is balanced to reach threshold value starting, to battery power discharge, low-voltage battery is received from battery group and charged high-voltage battery, until group
Monomer battery voltage is very poor lower than until threshold value, while monomer voltage bound threshold value is arranged, and system does not start when beyond threshold value
Equilibrium, to avoid battery because overcharging or over-discharge due to damages.
Preferably, balance policy is based on the voltage of group's group end between battery group, when a group end voltage pole difference reaches
Threshold value starting is balanced, and the high battery group of group end voltage discharges electric energy to BMU power bus, while it is small to organize the low battery of end voltage
Group receives electric energy from BMU power bus, very poor lower than until threshold value until group's monomer battery voltage.Monomer voltage is set simultaneously
Bound threshold value does not start equilibrium when beyond threshold value, to avoid battery because overcharging or over-discharge due to damages.The process will control electric discharge
It is synchronous with charging to execute, matched with reaching charge-discharge energy.
Invention has the advantages that: it is small that equalization scheme proposed by the invention is not only able to achieve local cell in whole group battery
The inside electric quantity balancing of group, and the Homogeneity between groups of different local cell groups are able to achieve, energy loss is few, and balancing speed is fast,
High-efficient, structure is simple, at low cost, and voltage change is shown in attached drawing 4 in balancing procedure, and battery voltage is very poor from will be under 558mV
30mV, portfolio effect is significant, is suitable for high capacity cell energy-storage system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the circuit topology figure of converter；
Fig. 3 is Balance route flow chart；
Fig. 4 is balancing procedure voltage change figure；
Description of symbols: battery pack 1, battery management module 2 organize interior converter 3, and converter 4 between group, switching group 5, power supply is always
Line 6.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings:
Embodiment:
Balanced system structure is shown in attached drawing 1, mainly including becoming between converter 3, group in battery pack 1, battery management module (BMU) 2, group
Parallel operation 4, switching group 5 and power bus 6.Battery pack 1 is composed in series by 24 section LiFePO4 single batteries, battery management module 2
Support 12 batteries voltage acquisitions, then battery pack 1 is divided into Liang Ge group；Converter 3 is in group for realizing monomer electricity in group
The equilibrium in pond, low-pressure side and switching group, single battery constitute low tension loop, and high-pressure side is directly connected to group's battery pack end composition
High tension loop；For battery balanced between group, side and group's battery pack end are directly connected to constitute circuit converter 4 between group,
The other side is connected to battery management module power bus 6 and constitutes circuit；Switching group 5 is used to gate 3 and connects back to single battery
Road；Power bus 6 is the power bus of battery management module 2, is determined according to the power reguirements of battery management module 2, this implementation
In example by taking DC24V powers as an example.
Battery pack 1 is divided into Liang Ge group, and each group is equipped with 1 BMU, converter 4 between converter 3, group in group
With switching group 5, to accelerate balancing speed and not increase system complexity excessively, switching group 5, converter 3 and converter 4 are integrated in
In BMU；Main control unit is provided in BMU, can be run according to balance policy control switch group 5, converter 3 and converter 4 and
Stop；Also be integrated with battery voltage acquisition circuit in BMU, cell voltage can be acquired in real time, for protect the battery against overcharge,
Over-discharge, while voltage data is provided for the execution of balance policy.
Group in converter 3 be the two-way DC/DC converter with isolating transformer, can by energy high-tension battery group with
With bi-directional between group low pressure single battery, do not influenced by the charging of whole group battery, electric discharge or open-circuit condition.Its operating condition has
Low-voltage, high-current feature, single battery end operating voltage are not higher than 5V, and operating current is not higher than 5A, and power is lower.Therefore it is opened up
Structure to be flutterred using recommending half-bridge form, sees attached drawing 2, isolating transformer T primary side uses push-pull circuit, and isolating transformer T bis- times
Side uses half-bridge circuit, transformer voltage ratio 1:16.
Isolating transformer T primary side recommended by the source electrode and drain electrode of 2 switching tubes Q100, Q200 it is connected, switching tube Q100,
The remaining drain electrode of Q200 and source electrode are connected with transformer T primary side winding.Transformer T primary side winding band centre cap, concatenates energy storage
Input anode is accessed after inductance Li.Energy storage inductor Li and filter capacitor Ci forms low-pass filter circuit.
Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer is half-bridge topology circuit, concatenated by 2 capacitances capacitor Co1, Co2 such as concatenated and 2
Bridge is formed after switching tube Q300, Q400 are in parallel, bridge arm connects the vice-side winding of transformer T.Wherein capacitor Co1, Co2 is usually required
Parallel resistance R1, R2 uses, and provides discharge loop to capacitor, the electric energy of Absorption Capacitance prevents the discharge current of capacitor excessive, keeps away
Exempt to damage device in parallel therewith.Diode D1, D2, D3, D4 are the body two of switching tube Q100, Q200, Q300, Q400
Pole pipe.
Foregoing circuit is turned on and off by PWM driving chip control switch pipe, is passed using transformer and energy storage inductor
Electric energy is passed, can be realized the two-way flow of energy, while transformer plays buffer action, battery caused by fault can be prevented
Between short circuit, improve circuit reliability.
The mode of centrally connected power supply is usually taken in several BMU power supply that actual battery group is equipped with, and is furnished with power bus 6.BMU
Power supply be usually AC220V, DC24V, DC12V equal-specification, therefore converter 4 can be according to the power supply mode of BMU between group
DC/DC converter or DC/AC converter two types are designed as, and have the function of two-way changing, the energy content of battery is able to achieve and exists
It is transmitted between different battery groups.Wherein DC/DC converter is also opened up using with the identical half-bridge of recommending of converter circuit topology in group
Flutter form.
Switching group 5 consists of three parts, and by taking battery group 1 as an example, even number serial number switch Q0, Q2, Q4 to Q10, one end connects
It is connected to odd number section number battery cathode, the one end Q12 is connected to Section 12 anode, and the even number serial number switch other end is connected to one
It rises；Odd indexed switch Q1, Q3, Q5 to Q11, one end are connected to even number section number battery cathode, and the other end links together；Two
The non-moving end of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K11, K12 are respectively connected to above-mentioned two groups of switches, and moved end is respectively connected to converter 3 in group
Low-pressure end.Switching group 5 constitutes the charge and discharge electric pathway of single battery.
Single battery and battery pack all have the function of energy stores, be not in the energy content of battery transfer process output and
The unmatched problem of input energy.
Balanced implementation strategy is based on organizing interior monomer battery voltage U in battery group.Monomer battery voltage is carried out first
Acquisition obtains ceiling voltage Umax and corresponding battery section number n1 after sequence is handled, while obtaining ceiling voltage Umin and right
Answer battery section number n2, all very poor Up=Umax-Umin of cell voltage in calculating group, when Up reaches threshold value 50mV or more
Starting is balanced, and high-voltage battery n1 receives charging from battery group to battery power discharge, low-voltage battery n2, until group's monomer
Until the very poor Up of cell voltage is lower than threshold value 50mV, balanced process is shown in attached drawing 3.Monomer voltage bound threshold value difference is set simultaneously
For 3.6V and 2.8V, when exceeding voltage range [2.8,3.6], system does not start equilibrium, to avoid battery because overcharging or due to over-discharge
Damage.
Assuming that the monomer voltage of battery group 1 after acquisition and processing, obtains the voltage that ceiling voltage is battery b2
3.283V, minimum voltage are the voltage 3.215V of battery b11, and very poor this group of cell voltage is 68mV, and every economize on electricity cell voltage exists
In [2.8,3.6], meet balanced entry condition.
High-tension battery b2, which discharges, first passes through PWM wave control switch pipe Q1, Q2 conducting to battery group 1:BMU control chip,
The c of K11 is connected to b, and the f of K12 is connected to e, other switch OFFs；BMU controls chip and passes through converter 3 in PWM wave control group
Switching tube Q100, Q300 conducting, Q200, Q400 shutdown, then Q100, Q300 turn off, Q200, Q400 conducting, so alternately
After conducting circulation, b2 energy transmission is to battery group 1.
A-battery b11 is given in the charging of battery group 1: judging every economize on electricity cell voltage in [2.8,3.6], then BMU controls core
Piece first passes through PWM wave control switch pipe Q10, Q11 conducting, and the c of K11 is connected to a, and the f of K12 is connected to d, other switch OFFs；
BMU controls chip by switching tube Q300, Q100 conducting of converter 3 in PWM wave control group, and Q400, Q200 are turned off, then
Q300, Q100 shutdown, Q400, Q200 conducting, after such alternate conduction recycles, 1 energy transmission of battery group is to b11.
Every economize on electricity cell voltage is judged whether in [2.8,3.6], and whether voltage is very poor is higher than 50mV, is higher than if voltage is very poor
50mV and in [2.8,3.6], then carry out 6.1~6.3 circulation, until voltage is very poor to be lower than 50mV.When single in circulation
Bulk voltage exceeds [2.8,3.6] range, then stops equilibrium.
In the above process, even number serial number switch and odd indexed switch cannot be opened simultaneously, the contact a, c of K11 and K12's
E, the contact f cannot be connected to simultaneously, in order to avoid cause short circuit.Similarly the contact b, c of K11 and the contact d, f of K12 can not connect simultaneously
It is logical.
The balanced process of the small Homogeneity between groups of battery is shown in attached drawing 3, and for implementation strategy based on the voltage Ut of group's group end, Ut is small
All monomer voltage summations in group, i.e. Ut=Σ Ui (i=1,2 ..., 12).Voltage processing mode in similar battery group, when a group end
Voltage pole difference Utp reaches threshold value 150mV starting equilibrium, and the high battery group m1 of group end voltage discharges electricity to BMU power bus
Can, while organizing the low battery group m2 of end voltage and receiving electric energy from BMU power bus, until group's monomer battery voltage is very poor
Until Utp is lower than threshold value 150mV.The process will be combined BMU by upper level battery set management module to implement control, and be discharged
It synchronous need to be executed with charging, to reach charge and discharge proportion for 1:1.Simultaneously be arranged monomer voltage bound threshold value be respectively 3.6V and
2.8V, when exceeding voltage range [2.8,3.6], system does not start equilibrium, to avoid battery because overcharging or over-discharge due to damages.Equal
During weighing apparatus, when monomer voltage exceed [2.8,3.6] range, then stop equilibrium.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.It is all to use equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation shape
At technical solution, fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of equal balance system of energy-storage battery group, including battery pack (1), it is characterized in that: to be divided into several small for entire battery pack (1)
Group is equipped with interior converter (4) and the switching group (5) between converter (3), group of battery management module (2), group, organizes interior converter
(3), converter (4) and switching group (5) are integrated in battery management module (2) between group；Converter (3) low-pressure side and switch in group
Group (5), single battery constitute low tension loop, and high-pressure side is directly connected in group's battery pack end and constitutes high tension loop, for realizing
The equilibrium of single battery in group；Converter (4) side and group's battery pack end are directly connected to constitute circuit between group, and the other side connects
It is connected to battery management module power bus (6) and constitutes circuit, for battery balanced between group；It is set in battery management module (2)
Set main control unit, can according to balance policy control switch group (5), organize between converter (3) and group converter (4) operation and
Stop；It is also integrated with battery voltage acquisition circuit in battery management module (2), cell voltage can be acquired in real time, for protecting
Battery provides voltage data from overcharging and over-discharge for the execution of balance policy.
2. the equal balance system of energy-storage battery group according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: converter (3) is that band isolation becomes in organizing
The two-way DC/DC converter of depressor, can be by energy in battery group and with bi-directional between group single battery, not by whole group electricity
Pond charging, electric discharge or open-circuit condition influence.
3. the equal balance system of energy-storage battery group according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: converter (3) topological structure is adopted in organizing
With half-bridge form is recommended, isolating transformer primary side uses push-pull circuit, and isolating transformer secondary side uses half-bridge circuit.
4. the equal balance system of energy-storage battery group according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned isolating transformer primary side is by 2
The source electrode and drain electrode of a switching tube recommend it is connected, switching tube it is remaining drain electrode and source electrode be connected with transformer primary winding, transformation
Device primary side winding band centre cap accesses input anode after concatenating energy storage inductor, and energy storage inductor and filter capacitor form low pass
Filter circuit；Above-mentioned Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer is half-bridge topology circuit, is opened by 2 capacitances capacitors such as concatenated and 2 are concatenated
Bridge is formed after closing pipe parallel connection, bridge arm connects the vice-side winding of transformer, and wherein capacitor parallel resistance uses, and capacitor is given to provide electric discharge
Circuit, the electric energy of Absorption Capacitance prevent the discharge current of capacitor excessive, avoid damaging device in parallel therewith.
5. the equal balance system of energy-storage battery group according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned half-bridge circuit is driven by PWM
Chip controls switching tube turns on and off, and transmits electric energy using transformer and energy storage inductor, can be realized the bidirectional flow of energy
It is dynamic, while transformer plays buffer action, can prevent short circuit between battery caused by fault, improve circuit reliability.
6. the equal balance system of energy-storage battery group according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: switching group (5) consists of three parts, it is even
Number sequence number switch one end is connected to odd number section number battery cathode, and the other end links together；Odd indexed switchs one end and is connected to
Even number section number battery cathode, the other end link together；The non-moving end of two single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)s is respectively connected to above-mentioned two groups
Switch, moved end are respectively connected to the low-pressure end of converter in group, and switching group (5) constitutes the charge and discharge electric pathway of single battery.
7. the equal balance system of energy-storage battery group according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: converter (4) can be according to electricity between group
The power supply mode of pond management module (2) is designed as DC/DC converter or DC/AC converter, and has the function of two-way changing, energy
Realize that the energy content of battery is transmitted between different battery groups, wherein DC/DC converter also uses and organizes interior converter (3) circuit topology
It is identical to recommend half-bridge topology form.
8. the equal balance system of energy-storage battery group according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: single battery and battery group all have
Energy stores function is not in output and the unmatched problem of input energy in energy content of battery transfer process.
9. the equal balance system of energy-storage battery group according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in battery group balance policy to organize in
Based on monomer battery voltage, when the very poor value of monomer voltage reaches, threshold value starting is balanced, and high-voltage battery discharges to battery group,
Low-voltage battery is received from battery group and is charged, very poor lower than until threshold value until group's monomer battery voltage；List is set simultaneously
Bulk voltage bound threshold value, does not start equilibrium when beyond threshold value, to avoid battery because overcharging or over-discharge due to damages.
10. the equal balance system of energy-storage battery group according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: balance policy is between battery group with small
Based on group group end voltage, starts equilibrium when a group end voltage pole difference reaches threshold value, organize the high battery group of end voltage to power supply
Bus (6) discharges electric energy, while organizing the low battery group of end voltage and receiving electric energy from power bus (6), until group's monomer electricity
Cell voltage is very poor lower than until threshold value；Monomer voltage bound threshold value is set simultaneously, does not start equilibrium when beyond threshold value, to avoid
For battery because overcharging or over-discharge due to damages, which will control that electric discharge is synchronous with charging to be executed, and be matched with reaching charge-discharge energy.
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| CN113783247A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-12-10 | 西安交通大学 | Two-stage bidirectional equalization system and control method for liquid metal battery pack |
| CN114665577A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-06-24 | 南京博兰得电子科技有限公司 | Battery pack charging and discharging device |
| CN115360798A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2022-11-18 | 中安芯界控股集团有限公司 | Online balancing method for battery clusters in battery energy storage system |
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| CN111740463A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-10-02 | 上海电气国轩新能源科技有限公司 | Modular battery equalization system and method |
| CN113783247A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-12-10 | 西安交通大学 | Two-stage bidirectional equalization system and control method for liquid metal battery pack |
| CN113783247B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2024-05-24 | 西安交通大学 | Two-stage bidirectional equalization system of liquid metal battery pack and control method |
| CN114665577A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-06-24 | 南京博兰得电子科技有限公司 | Battery pack charging and discharging device |
| CN114665577B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-07-29 | 南京博兰得电子科技有限公司 | Battery pack charging and discharging device |
| CN115360798A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2022-11-18 | 中安芯界控股集团有限公司 | Online balancing method for battery clusters in battery energy storage system |
| CN115360798B (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-02-28 | 中安芯界控股集团有限公司 | Online balancing method for battery clusters in battery energy storage system |
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Application publication date: 20190712 |