CN113557921B - Method for recovering original population of Shennongjia wild gastrodia elata - Google Patents
Method for recovering original population of Shennongjia wild gastrodia elata Download PDFInfo
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- CN113557921B CN113557921B CN202110829810.8A CN202110829810A CN113557921B CN 113557921 B CN113557921 B CN 113557921B CN 202110829810 A CN202110829810 A CN 202110829810A CN 113557921 B CN113557921 B CN 113557921B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wild population recovery, and particularly relates to a method for recovering an original population of a Shennongjia wild gastrodia elata. The planting recovery method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: partition protection and planned excavation; step two: collecting the seeds, reserving the seeds and propagating; step three: cultivating an original fungus bed for cultivating seedlings; step four: artificially cultivating seedlings, and returning to mountain forest for planting; step five: performing circulating operation to ensure population recovery; the recovery mode of high-altitude subarea mining, large-size mining, small-size remaining, original fungus bed culture and multiple means of artificial seedling culture is adopted, so that the original population of the gastrodia elata is protected, and the aim of slowly recovering population density can be fulfilled. The technology can be popularized in wide areas with wild gastrodia elata in China, such as Zhaotong small grass dam areas in Yunnan province, yichang Wufeng areas in Hubei province, guangyuan areas in Sichuan province and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of population recovery, and particularly relates to a method for recovering an original population of wild gastrodia elata.
Background
The Shennongjia forest district number is called Chinese medicine treasury, crosses the east longitude 109 degrees to 56 degrees 58 degrees, has the north latitude 31 degrees to 15 degrees to 31 degrees 75 degrees, has the area of 3253 square kilometers and the altitude of 1500 meters to 3105.4 meters, and has precious natural wild gastrodia elata resources.
Because wild gastrodia elata grows only in the natural environment with the altitude of 1700 meters to 2800 meters and the survival conditions are harsh, resources are in short supply and the price is high. The local pesticide is collected and dug (the size is all the same, no seedling is left), so that the wild gastrodia elata resources are less and less, and even the danger of extinction is faced. The market price of wild black ramie of Shennongjia in 2019 is 50 yuan/jin, 100 yuan/jin in 2020, and 150 yuan/jin in 2021, and the wild black ramie is valuable and unavailable and is difficult to buy. The plant protection is evaluated as an easily-dangerous species by the world natural protection alliance (IUCN), and is listed in appendix II of International trade convention on endangered wild animal and plant species (CITES), and is also listed in Chinese book of national intensive protection wild plant (second batch) of the Chinese press, namely II-class protection plants.
In order to effectively protect the valuable resource of the Shennong jia wild gastrodia elata, and protect the Shennong jia wild gastrodia elata from being damaged, the continuous growth of cultivating the wild gastrodia elata is urgent. Therefore, the application provides a method for recovering the original population of wild gastrodia elata in Shennongjia.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at solving the problems of the defects and the shortcomings of the prior art; the invention aims to provide a method for recovering the original population of wild gastrodia elata, which is simple in structure, reasonable in design and convenient to use; the recovery mode of high-altitude area mining and digging, size mining and remaining, original fungus bed culture and artificial seedling raising is adopted, so that the original population of gastrodia elata is protected, and the purpose of slowly recovering population density can be achieved.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the planting recovery method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: protecting in a subarea mode and planning excavation;
a protective planting area is selected in a circle, the selected mountain forest area is divided into 3 pieces according to the characteristics of one growth cycle of the gastrodia elata in three years, one piece is planned to be excavated every year, and the circulation is carried out in three years, so that the original population is effectively protected; the method comprises the steps of selecting an area with the elevation of 1700 meters to 2800 meters and growing gastrodia elata in the total area 3253 square kilometers in a Shennong forest establishment area, dividing the village mountain forest into three pieces by taking the village as a unit (with operability), organizing 10-16 experienced jatropha farmers by taking households as a unit (the mountain forest contracted by each household), searching and collecting the whole mountain from the mountain foot every 10 meters (commonly known as 'mountain driving'), and leaving no omission.
Step two: collecting the seeds, reserving the seeds and breeding;
only collecting mature large rhizoma gastrodiae when collecting wild rhizoma gastrodiae, restoring a wild environment fungus bed on the spot, then taking immature small rhizoma gastrodiae as a seedling seed to return to the original place (arranging a seed at an interval of 10 centimeters around), collecting fresh trunks, branches and leaves nearby, covering 10 centimeters on the seeds, and covering 10 centimeters of broken soil to enable the seeds to continue growing;
step three: cultivating an original fungus bed for cultivating seedlings;
when in wild collection, collecting wild Armillaria mellea strains (growing on scraps of trunks, branches, leaves and the like of miscellaneous trees) on a fungus bed with gastrodia elata, then flattening the trunks, branches, leaves and the like of miscellaneous trees in places with more organic matters, collecting fresh trunks, branches and leaves nearby, and covering for 10 centimeters; the collected wild strains are placed at intervals of 10 centimeters front-back, left-right, and 10 centimeters buried with soil, marked, and a wild Armillaria mellea bacterial bed is cultured for planting artificially cultured wild Gastrodia elata seedlings.
Step four: artificially cultivating seedlings, and returning to mountain forest for planting;
selecting wild kenaf collected from 12 months to 3 months of the next year: the weight is 0.1-0.25Kg, the arrow bud is complete, the hemp body is not damaged, a foam box of about 30 multiplied by 50 centimeters is selected, 3 centimeters of fine sand is paved at the bottom of the foam box, the arrow hemp is arranged in the box at intervals of 5 centimeters all around (the arrow points are upward), then the sand is covered (two centimeters over the arrow points), water is poured enough (the sand is wet to the standard), and a layer of covering is covered on the foam box for heat preservation and moisture preservation (sand cloth, grass, leaves and the like). Placing the flower in an indoor ventilation place, when the flower naturally grows to bloom (the flower can bloom in 5 months due to high indoor temperature), manually picking up the pollen of each flower by using a toothpick after the flower blooms, and placing the flower in the flower heart (the bee does not collect the pollen because the asparagus lettuce is not fragrant), thereby ensuring that each flower is fertilized and fruited.
Finding a wild shoestring fungus bed according to a well-made mark between mountain forests, digging up the covering soil, and matching the large fruits (powder) with the germination bacteria to prepare germination fungus clumps so as to germinate the seeds into small gastrodia elata seedlings. Placing the mixed armillaria mellea strain lumps on a fungus bed at intervals of ten centimeters all around, namely, collecting fresh trunks, branches and leaves, covering the placed strain lumps for 10 centimeters, and covering the placed strain lumps with 10 centimeters of soil fragments.
The arrow-fleshed hemp harvested in summer in the next year (20 days in 6 months to 30 days in 7 months) is harvested and then operated according to the method because the arrow has been released and the moss has been released.
Step five: performing circulating operation to ensure population recovery;
by applying the four-step method, the operation is performed circularly in three divided blocks, and the recovery is performed in three years, so that the effective recovery of the wild population is ensured.
Preferably, in the first step, a planting area is selected and protected to meet the requirements of high altitude, short high temperature time and cold and cool high mountains; the altitude is controlled between 1700 meters and 2800 meters, and a shady and cool area with wild black ramie growing at the altitude of about 2000 meters is preferred.
Preferably, the wild gastrodia elata is collected twice a year in the step two, and in winter (12 months to 3 months in the next year), the tissue jatropha "driving mountain" is collected once; digging once in summer (6 months, 20 days to 7 months, 30 days) when the rhizoma Gastrodiae sprouts; the gastrodia elata blume with the weight of more than 10 grams is collected as gastrodia elata blume, and the gastrodia elata blume with the weight of less than 10 grams is reserved as germchit for multiple cropping.
The arrow of Gastrodia elata is commonly called parrot mouth and is the bud billet of Gastrodia elata. If arrow buds grow on the seeds, the seeds with the weight of more than 10g can be collected to be used as mother seeds, and the other seeds can be used as young seeds to return to the original place.
Preferably, the germination bacterium lump in the fourth step is a strain lump with the size of 3 centimeters formed by breaking the germination bacteria, and powdery gastrodia elata seedlings are scattered on the strain lump and are uniformly stirred, so that the powdery gastrodia elata seeds are attached to the germination bacterium strain lump.
Preferably, when the small gastrodia elata seedlings germinated through the strain lumps in the fourth step return to mountain forest planting, the cultured shoestring fungus bed in the third step is covered with soil and pulled open, the small gastrodia elata seedlings cultured and germinated in the third step are placed on the cultured shoestring fungus bed at intervals of 10 centimeters all around, and fresh weedtree trunks, branches, leaves and the like are collected nearby and covered on the gastrodia elata seeds, and then the soil is covered.
Preferably, the thickness of the fresh miscellaneous tree trunks, branches, leaf covering layers and soil covering layers on the surfaces of the cultured wild Armillaria mellea fungus beds in the third step is controlled to be 10 centimeters.
After adopting the structure, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the recovery mode of high-altitude subarea mining, large-size mining, small-size remaining, original fungus bed culture and multiple means of artificial seedling culture is adopted, so that the original population of the gastrodia elata is protected, and the aim of slowly recovering population density can be fulfilled.
It should be noted that, in order to maintain the original wild attributes, the invention minimizes unnecessary human intervention and allows the wild original attributes to be gradually restored in the original natural environment.
Detailed Description
The Shennong forest establishment area is uniformly arranged through the village committee, the mountain forest is divided into 3 pieces according to the characteristic that the gastrodia elata grows for one growth cycle in three years, each piece is 37.3 square kilometers, one piece is planned to be excavated every year, and the original population is effectively protected in one turn in three years.
Take Hongchun Zhenhuang of Shennongjia forest zone as an example
When wild rhizoma Gastrodiae is collected, only large rhizoma Gastrodiae is collected, wild environment fungus bed is recovered on the spot, and small rhizoma Gastrodiae is used as seed to grow. The gastrodia elata Blume with the weight of more than 10 grams is collected as the gastrodia elata Blume, and the gastrodia elata Blume with the weight of less than 10 grams is reserved as the seedling for multiple cropping. Digging up rhizoma Gastrodiae per pit, leveling original fungus bed in the pit, placing small rhizoma Gastrodiae seeds every 10 cm around, collecting organic substances such as fresh trunk, branches, leaves, etc., covering the seeds with 10 cm, and covering with 10 cm of soil.
In particular to a group of Tangdexingshan-self-retaining mountains of Hongchun in Shennongjia forest region
Collecting wild Armillaria mellea strains on a fungus bed with Gastrodia elata during wild collection, collecting trunks, branches and leaves of growing Armillaria mellea together, selecting places with more organic matters to flatten trunks, branches, leaves and the like of miscellaneous trees, collecting parts of fresh trunks, branches, leaves and the like to cover 10 centimeters, putting the collected wild strains on the front, back, left and right sides at intervals of 10 centimeters, burying 10 centimeters with soil, marking, and cultivating the wild Armillaria mellea fungus bed to prepare artificially-cultured wild Gastrodia elata planting seedlings.
Cultivating and growing stem blossoming of collected wild gastrodia elata, improving fertility rate through artificial pollination, carrying out heterosexual reproduction, matching powdery large fruits with germination bacteria, breaking the large fruits into strain lumps with the size of 3 centimeters, scattering powdery gastrodia elata seedlings on the strain lumps, uniformly stirring the powdery gastrodia elata seedlings, attaching the powdery gastrodia elata seeds on the germination bacteria strain lumps, germinating the powdery gastrodia elata seeds into small gastrodia elata seedlings, and returning the small gastrodia elata seedlings to mountain forest planting.
Covering soil on the originally cultured shoestring fungus bed, digging off, mixing cultured wild rhizoma gastrodiae seedlings (powder) with germinating fungus lumps, arranging the seedlings on the cultured shoestring fungus bed at intervals of 10 cm all around, collecting fresh weedtree trunks, branches, leaves and the like nearby, covering 10 cm on the seeds, and covering the seeds with the soil for 10 cm.
By applying the method, the operation is performed circularly in three divided blocks, and the recovery is performed in three years, so that the effective recovery of the wild population is ensured.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
1. A method for recovering the original population of wild Gastrodia elata Blume of Shennongjia is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: partition protection and planned excavation;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting a protective planting area in a circle, dividing the selected mountain forest area into 3 pieces, excavating one piece in a planned way every year, enabling the other two pieces to grow naturally without interference, and performing a cycle in three years to effectively protect an original population;
step two: collecting the seeds, reserving the seeds and propagating;
collecting mature large gastrodia elata when wild gastrodia elata is collected, restoring a wild environment fungus bed on the spot, taking immature small gastrodia elata as a seedling seed to return to the original place, arranging small gastrodia elata on the wild fungus bed at intervals of 10 centimeters in all directions, collecting fresh trunks, branches and leaves nearby, covering the arranged gastrodia elata with 10 centimeters, and covering soil for 10 centimeters to enable the gastrodia elata to continue growing;
collecting wild rhizoma Gastrodiae twice a year, 12 months to 3 months in winter, and collecting tissue rhizoma Gastrodiae once; digging once when the gastrodia elata sprouts and grows out of the fur in the next summer from 6 months to 20 days to 7 months and 30 days; collecting rhizoma Gastrodiae with weight of 0.1-0.25kg as rhizoma Gastrodiae;
step three: cultivating an original fungus bed for seedling cultivation;
collecting wild Armillaria mellea strains on a fungus bed with gastrodia elata, collecting trunks, branches and leaves with the strains together, then flattening the trunks, branches and leaves of miscellaneous trees in places with more organic matters, placing the collected wild Armillaria mellea strains at intervals of 10 centimeters all around, collecting fresh trunks, branches and leaves nearby, covering 10 centimeters, and burying 10 centimeters with soil; marking, cultivating a wild Armillaria mellea fungus bed for planting artificially-cultivated wild Gastrodia elata seedlings;
step four: artificially cultivating seedlings, and returning to mountain forest for planting;
cultivating and growing stems of collected wild gastrodia elata, blooming, improving fertility rate through artificial pollination, carrying out heterosexual propagation, matching powdery great fruits with germination bacteria to prepare germination bacteria clumps, breaking each germination bacteria clump into 3 cm small clumps, scattering the powdery gastrodia elata great fruits on the bacteria clumps, then uniformly stirring the great fruits and the bacteria clumps to ensure that the gastrodia elata seeds are attached to the small bacteria clumps to germinate small gastrodia elata seedlings, and returning to a mountain forest for planting;
when the small gastrodia elata seedlings germinated through the strain lumps in the fourth step are returned to mountain forest planting, covering soil on the shoestring fungus bed cultured in the third step, digging off, placing the small gastrodia elata seedlings cultured and germinated on the shoestring fungus bed at intervals of 10 centimeters all around, covering the trunks, branches and leaves of fresh miscellaneous trees on the shoestring fungus bed at intervals of 10 centimeters, and covering the fresh trunks, branches and leaves of miscellaneous trees with 10 centimeters nearby, and covering the soil with 10 centimeters;
step five: and (4) applying the four steps, circularly operating the divided three blocks, and performing one turn in three years to ensure effective recovery of the wild population.
2. The method for restoring original population of shennongjia wild gastrodia elata according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step one, the protected planting area is selected to meet the requirements of high altitude, short high temperature time and cold high mountain; the altitude is controlled between 1700 meters and 2800 meters.
3. The method for restoring original population of shennongjia wild gastrodia elata according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and step two, collecting and reserving seeds of wild gastrodia elata, digging pits as units according to habits of the wild gastrodia elata, digging up each pit of gastrodia elata, flattening an original fungus bed in each pit, placing a small gastrodia elata seed every 10 centimeters in front, back, left and right, collecting fresh trunks, branches and leaves nearby, covering 10 centimeters on the gastrodia elata seeds, and covering 10 centimeters of soil fragments.
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| CN102428824B (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-05-29 | 亿利资源集团有限公司 | Desert cultivation method of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. |
| CN105309142B (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2020-06-19 | 新化县天龙山农林科技开发有限公司 | Sexual propagation method for gastrodia elata |
| CN105875178B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2019-01-08 | 贵州习部中药材种植农民专业合作社 | Gastrodia elata f. glauca pseudo-wild cultivating method |
| CN106134714A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-23 | 贵州省普安县普白珍稀资源开发有限公司 | A kind of deep red Rhizoma Gastrodiae hybrid development method |
| CN107333645A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-11-10 | 叙永县三合堂种植专业合作社 | One kind imitates wild deep red rhizoma Gastrodiae breeding method |
| CN107821001A (en) * | 2017-11-04 | 2018-03-23 | 王衡 | Extremely frigid zones gastrodia elata f. glauca production method |
| CN107711385A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-02-23 | 竹溪县裕河中药材专业合作社 | A kind of gastrodia tuber imitative wild implantation methods |
| CN108668816A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-10-19 | 昭通市天麻研究院 | A kind of imitative Wild gastrodia cultural method |
| CN111034566B (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2023-07-04 | 南漳致远农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of wild gastrodia elata |
| CN111328635A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-26 | 吉林师范大学 | Method for cultivating imitated wild gastrodia elata strains in Changbai mountain |
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Effective date of registration: 20230823 Address after: 442422 Group 1, Honghuaduo Village, Panshui Township, Songbai Town, Shennongjia Forest District, Hubei Province Patentee after: Shennongjia Jinweiyi Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 441000 association office, 1st floor, office building, Organic Valley Industrial Development Center, group 7, Mulin village, Nanzhang Economic Development Zone, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province Patentee before: NANZHANG ZHIYUAN AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: HUBEI University OF CHINESE MEDICINE |
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