CN113459846A - 一种停车场充电***及充电方法 - Google Patents

一种停车场充电***及充电方法 Download PDF

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CN113459846A
CN113459846A CN202110959519.2A CN202110959519A CN113459846A CN 113459846 A CN113459846 A CN 113459846A CN 202110959519 A CN202110959519 A CN 202110959519A CN 113459846 A CN113459846 A CN 113459846A
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charging
mobile
trolley
parking
control panel
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喻川
张明
曾德崇
李江山
廖耀蜻
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Guizhou Hansikai Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/57—Charging stations without connection to power networks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/65—Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
    • B60L53/665—Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • E04H6/42—Devices or arrangements peculiar to garages, not covered elsewhere, e.g. securing devices, safety devices, monitoring and operating schemes; centering devices
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种停车场充电***及充电方法，其特征在于，包括立柱(2)；所述立柱(2)上设有充电控制面板(4)，所述充电控制面板(4)连接有转接线(3)，还包括移动充电小车(1)，移动充电小车(1)设有自动行走机构(5)和电池组件(6)，移动充电小车(1)上设有充电通讯单元(7)，充电通讯单元(7)与功率发射控制器(8)通信连接，功率发射控制器(8)与发射线圈(9)电连接；充电控制面板(4)上设有立柱通讯单元(12)和功率接收控制器(10)，功率接收控制器(10)与接收线圈(11)电连接。移动充电装置只需要行走到制定的立柱位置即可，而立柱位置是固定的，大大降低了自动控制的难度。用户可以不在手机安装app，降低了使用要求。可以对充电小车进行集中充电。

Description

一种停车场充电***及充电方法
技术领域
本发明涉及智能驾驶的电动汽车充电技术领域，特别是一种停车场充电***及充电方法。
背景技术
里程焦虑一直是电动车用户的最大痛点之一，续航里程在某种程度上已经制约了纯电动汽车的进一步发展与普及。伴随着里程焦虑的是充电难的问题，第一想要充电的时候充电桩不好找，有时甚至“一桩难求”；第二电池充电速度慢，充电时间相对还比较长。
大众集团零部件公司公布了一个移动充电机器人The mobile charging robot原型，该机器人是大众集团解决大型住宅小区电动汽车充电问题的一个新解决方案，目的是让充电基础设施满足未来几年电动汽车发展所需的配套设备。这款移动充电机器人的任务是在有限的停车区域内(如小区地下停车场、商超地下停车场等)，为汽车提供全自动充电服务，充电机器人可以通过手机app或者Car-to-X通信***开启，可全自动工作。这种技术存在的问题有两个，第一个是对停车位有要求，如果停车位周边很狭窄，而充电机器人必须走到车所在的位置才能充电，而大多数停车场的停车位设计得都很拥挤，很难有间隙用于机器人充电。第二个是对于车辆的识别及机器人的导航控制要求很高，每个人停车的位置是不稳定的，机器人行走到车辆附近后还需要识别车体形态才能进行充电，实现难度很大。
中国专利ZL2020202412632公开了一种超级电容快充式无线移动分配小车，包括充电单元、超级电容单元、电控单元、无线通讯单元、行走单元和输送单元；行走单元由行走机架、行走轮、行走电机和一号电机驱动器组成；充电单元由充电器和充电桩组成；超级电容单元固定设置于行走机架底面平台上，包括电容器和电容管理器；电控单元为中央处理器固定设置于行走机架一端，包括可编程控制器和保护开关；无线通讯单元用以对接传输外部信号，设置于电控单元上方；输送单元固定设置于行走单元上部，由输送机架、旋转滚筒、输送电机和二号电机驱动器组成。虽然也实现了移动充电，但充电结构和方法都较为复杂，不够智能。
中国专利201910262923.7公开了一种智能驾驶电动汽车的自动充电***及充电方法，包括车载端和充电端；所述的车载端包括电池组件，电池组件与电池管理***通信连接，电池组件与功率接收控制器电连接，电池管理***与经车载通讯单元与整车控制器通信连接，整车控制器与无人驾驶***通信连接，功率接收控制器与接收线圈电连接；所述的充电端包括充电管理***，充电管理***分别与车载通讯单元和充电通讯单元通信连接，充电通讯单元与功率发射控制器通信连接，功率发射控制器与发射线圈电连接。该技术实现了电动汽车充电的灵活化、快速化，提高了充电效率，节约了充电桩资源。但该技术需要电动汽车具备自动驾驶***，受众单一，对于现有其他品牌的无自动驾驶***电动车，无法使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种停车场充电***及充电方法。本发明降低停车场充电要求和自动行走控制难度，便于停车场改造。
本发明的技术方案：一种停车场充电***，包括立柱；所述立柱上设有充电控制面板，所述充电控制面板连接有转接线，还包括移动充电小车，移动充电小车设有自动行走机构和电池组件，移动充电小车上设有充电通讯单元，充电通讯单元与功率发射控制器通信连接，功率发射控制器与发射线圈电连接；充电控制面板上设有立柱通讯单元和功率接收控制器，功率接收控制器与接收线圈电连接。
上述的停车场充电***，所述充电控制面板包括充电管理***，包括车辆识别模块、车位充电定位模块、剩余车位查询模块、充电计费模块和充电管理模块；
所述的车辆识别模块，用于识别电动汽车的车牌信息；
所述的车位充电定位模块，用于检测充电端的的剩余车位；
所述的剩余车位查询模块，用于记录和查询空余车位信息；
所述的充电计费模块，用于充电计费；
所述的充电管理模块，用于通讯交互、充电自检、充电逻辑控制、充电安全监控。
上述的停车场充电***，所述转接线上设有与电动车充电的充电头。
停车场充电***的充电方法，按下述步骤进行：
a.电动车停车后，通过所在车位立柱上的转接线连接电动车充电口，通过所在车位立柱上的充电控制面板发出充电请求；
b.充电***收到充电请求后，查询所在车位立柱位置，然后将所述车位立柱位置和充电请求发送至移动充电小车；
c.移动充电小车接收充电请求后进行路径规划，并按照路径规划控制移动充电小车前往所述车位立柱；
d.到达所述车位立柱后，移动充电小车和充电控制面板建立无线通讯连接，并进行充电握手确认，确认后进入待充电模式；
e.进入待充电模式后，功率发射控制器和功率接收控制器启动，接收线圈和发射线圈互感充电。
上述的停车场充电***的充电方法，步骤e中，互感充电完成或移动充电小车接收到来充电***的充电停止信号后，移动充电小车控制电池组件由充电模式调整为下电模式；之后充电控制面板停止电流、电压输出，功率发射控制器和功率接收控制器分别控制发射线圈和接收线圈停止充电。
上述的停车场充电***的充电方法，步骤e中，停止充电后，充电控制面板的充电管理***进行费用核算和扣除；完成费用扣除后，移动充电小车自动驶出充电站。
上述的停车场充电***的充电方法，移动充电小车充电完成或电池组件中电量低于预设值后，充电***控制移动充电小车回到充电区域进行充电。
有益效果
1.移动充电装置不需要识别等待充电的电动车在哪个位置，只需要行走到制定的立柱位置即可，而立柱位置是固定的，大大降低了自动控制的难度。充电小车和电动车相比，体积更加小巧，线路规划更加方便，能适应更多的停车场。移动充电装置只需与立柱上的充电控制面板进行对接，电动车的充电口由转接线进行连接，降低了对接难度，还可以通过转接线安装不同的充电头，匹配不同的电动车，增加了移动充电***的适应面。
2.用户可以不在手机安装app，停车后直接在车位附近的立柱控制面板上按下按钮即可召唤充电小车过来充电，降低了使用要求。
3.不必在停车场中每个充电车位都安装充电桩，可以对充电小车进行集中充电。
4.避免高峰期集中用电，通过移动充电小车安排充电时间，可以利用晚上或者白天车流少的时候对充电小车进行充电。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但并不作为对本发明限制的依据。
实施例1。一种停车场充电***,参见图1，包括立柱2，立柱2设置在车位旁边；所述立柱2上设有充电控制面板4，所述充电控制面板4连接有转接线3，根据车位情况，充电控制面板4可以连接1根以上的转接线3，还包括移动充电小车1，移动充电小车1设有自动行走机构5和电池组件6，移动充电小车1上设有充电通讯单元7，充电通讯单元7与功率发射控制器8通信连接，功率发射控制器8与发射线圈9电连接；充电控制面板4上设有立柱通讯单元12和功率接收控制器10，功率接收控制器10与接收线圈11电连接。移动充电小车1通过充电通讯单元7接收***的控制信号。
所述充电控制面板4包括充电管理***，包括车辆识别模块、车位充电定位模块、剩余车位查询模块、充电计费模块和充电管理模块；具体如下：
所述的车辆识别模块，用于识别电动汽车的车牌信息；
所述的车位充电定位模块，用于检测充电端的的剩余车位；
所述的剩余车位查询模块，用于记录和查询空余车位信息；
所述的充电计费模块，用于充电计费；
所述的充电管理模块，用于通讯交互、充电自检、充电逻辑控制、充电安全监控。
所述转接线3上设有与电动车充电的充电头。
停车场充电***的充电方法，按下述步骤进行：
a.电动车停车后，通过所在车位立柱2上的转接线3连接电动车充电口，通过所在车位立柱2上的充电控制面板4发出充电请求；
b.充电***收到充电请求后，查询所在车位立柱2位置，然后将所述车位立柱2位置和充电请求发送至移动充电小车1；
c.移动充电小车1接收充电请求后进行路径规划，并按照路径规划控制移动充电小车1前往所述车位立柱2；
d.到达所述车位立柱2后，移动充电小车1和充电控制面板4建立无线通讯连接，并进行充电握手确认，确认后进入待充电模式；
e.进入待充电模式后，功率发射控制器8和功率接收控制器10启动，接收线圈11和发射线圈9互感充电。
步骤e中，互感充电完成或移动充电小车1接收到来充电***的充电停止信号后，移动充电小车1控制电池组件6由充电模式调整为下电模式；之后充电控制面板4停止电流、电压输出，功率发射控制器8和功率接收控制器10分别控制发射线圈9和接收线圈11停止充电。
步骤e中，停止充电后，充电控制面板4的充电管理***进行费用核算和扣除；完成费用扣除后，移动充电小车1自动驶出充电站。
移动充电小车1充电完成或电池组件6中电量低于预设值后，充电***控制移动充电小车1回到充电区域进行充电。充电区域设置在停车场内，并配套相应的充电设施。

Claims (7)

1.一种停车场充电***，其特征在于，包括立柱(2)；所述立柱(2)上设有充电控制面板(4)，所述充电控制面板(4)连接有转接线(3)，还包括移动充电小车(1)，移动充电小车(1)设有自动行走机构(5)和电池组件(6)，移动充电小车(1)上设有充电通讯单元(7)，充电通讯单元(7)与功率发射控制器(8)通信连接，功率发射控制器(8)与发射线圈(9)电连接；充电控制面板(4)上设有立柱通讯单元(12)和功率接收控制器(10)，功率接收控制器(10)与接收线圈(11)电连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的停车场充电***，其特征在于，所述充电控制面板(4)包括充电管理***，包括车辆识别模块、车位充电定位模块、剩余车位查询模块、充电计费模块和充电管理模块；
所述的车辆识别模块，用于识别电动汽车的车牌信息；
所述的车位充电定位模块，用于检测充电端的的剩余车位；
所述的剩余车位查询模块，用于记录和查询空余车位信息；
所述的充电计费模块，用于充电计费；
所述的充电管理模块，用于通讯交互、充电自检、充电逻辑控制、充电安全监控。
3.根据权利要求1所述的停车场充电***，其特征在于，所述转接线(3)上设有与电动车充电的充电头。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一项所述的停车场充电***的充电方法，其特征在于，按下述步骤进行：
a.电动车停车后，通过所在车位立柱(2)上的转接线(3)连接电动车充电口，通过所在车位立柱(2)上的充电控制面板(4)发出充电请求；
b.充电***收到充电请求后，查询所在车位立柱(2)位置，然后将所述车位立柱(2)位置和充电请求发送至移动充电小车(1)；
c.移动充电小车(1)接收充电请求后进行路径规划，并按照路径规划控制移动充电小车(1)前往所述车位立柱(2)；
d.到达所述车位立柱(2)后，移动充电小车(1)和充电控制面板(4)建立无线通讯连接，并进行充电握手确认，确认后进入待充电模式；
e.进入待充电模式后，功率发射控制器(8)和功率接收控制器(10)启动，接收线圈(11)和发射线圈(9)互感充电，移动充电小车(1)通过充电控制面板(4)及转接线(3)为所在车位的电动车进行充电。
5.根据权利要求4所述的停车场充电***的充电方法，其特征在于，步骤e中，互感充电完成或移动充电小车(1)接收到来至充电***的充电停止信号后，移动充电小车(1)控制电池组件(6)由充电模式调整为下电模式；之后充电控制面板(4)停止电流、电压输出，功率发射控制器(8)和功率接收控制器(10)分别控制发射线圈(9)和接收线圈(11)停止充电。
6.根据权利要求5所述的停车场充电***的充电方法，其特征在于，步骤e中，停止充电后，充电控制面板(4)的充电管理***进行费用核算和扣除；完成费用扣除后，移动充电小车(1)自动驶出充电站。
7.根据权利要求4所述的停车场充电***的充电方法，其特征在于，移动充电小车(1)充电完成或电池组件(6)中电量低于预设值后，充电***控制移动充电小车(1)回到充电区域进行充电。
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