CN113350579A - 一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,采用水凝胶涂层来解决气管导管的易堵塞问题;由于水凝胶涂层的亲水和锁水特性,痰液会顺着气管导管的水凝胶涂层下行至肺部,不会引起痰液粘附聚集甚至干燥而堵塞导管;气管导管通畅的同时减少了细菌的定植从而能抑制生物膜的形成,因此能大大降低呼吸机相关肺炎发生的概率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法。
背景技术
气管插管术是指将气管导管通过口腔或鼻腔置入患者气管内,是一种临床常见的气管内麻醉和抢救病人的技术,也是保持上呼吸道通畅的最可靠的手段。然而,气管插管术打破了正常呼吸道结构,损害了呼吸道黏膜,使其清除分泌物能力下降;同时削弱了患者的咳嗽和吞咽反射,口咽分泌物渗入下呼吸道。由此带来机械通气的相关风险包括呼吸机相关肺炎以及气管导管阻塞两种常见的并发症。
临床上,插管后的数小时内导管腔内就有分泌物积聚,而显著的痰栓(或痰痂)阻塞导管可在插管后24小时发生。导管不完全堵塞将影响分泌物的及时排除,给细菌的定植和生物膜的形成提供了条件。呼吸机相关肺炎在重症监护病房的发生率达28%,死亡率在20%~30%之间。不完全堵塞可最终发展为完全阻塞,使气道阻力显著增大,引起呼吸困难甚至窒息。这两种并发症都增加了患者的住院时间和医疗费用。
解决以上问题的关键是减少分泌物在管腔表面的积聚。最常见方法有口腔清洗、气流冲击、声门下分泌物引流和人工气道湿化。以上这些方法增加了护理人员劳动负荷但又不能彻底杜绝,只能延缓痰栓堵塞气管导管。针对气管导管堵塞问题,普通气管导管可能已经无法满足目前的临床需求。针对气管导管的改进不失为一种可行的思路。
1.镀银气管导管。在机械通气的前10天能有效减少生物膜形成,但不能减少分泌物聚集和痰栓形成。有研究表明镀银气管导管增加了慢性减少阻塞性肺疾病的发病率。
2.抗生素涂层的气管导管。同样无法减少分泌物聚集和痰栓形成。并且生物膜及细菌由于多种抗药性基因的表达改变,使它对抗生素适应性提高到10~1000倍,限制其发展。
3.Sharklet TM-micropatterned ETT。Sharklet是一种仿生学的微图案,灵感来自于鲨鱼皮的纹理表面。它由2毫米宽、不同长度菱形的微图案不断重复创造出类似鲨鱼皮的纹理。这种微模式已被证明可以增加表面能量,从而减少生物物质在各种基质上的积累。在绵羊体内建立了体外生物膜和气道通畅(AP)模型和机械通气模型证明了Sharklet微图ETTs限制管腔闭塞和细菌生物膜的效果。尚无产品。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的缺陷,提供一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,采用水凝胶涂层来解决气管导管的易堵塞问题;由于水凝胶涂层的亲水和锁水特性,痰液会顺着气管导管的水凝胶涂层下行至肺部,不会引起痰液粘附聚集甚至干燥而堵塞导管;气管导管通畅的同时减少了细菌的定植从而能抑制生物膜的形成,因此能大大降低呼吸机相关肺炎发生的概率。
实现上述目的的技术方案是:一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,将灭菌的气管导管依次用异丙醇和去离子水清洗,干燥后对气管导管的内壁进行等离子体或臭氧处理;
S2,将经过步骤S1处理后的气管导管浸入含疏水光引发剂的异丙醇溶液进行溶胀处理,在气管导管的内壁形成溶胀黏附层;
S3,在水凝胶单体池口处固定一个全方位紫外光源,水凝胶单体池内注入有含有机单体及亲水光引发剂的水溶液;
S4,将经过步骤S2处理后的气管导管用去离子水清洗,然后浸入到水凝胶单体池内的有机单体及亲水光引发剂的水溶液中,然后匀速提拉,同时在全方位紫外光源的紫外光照射处理下,气管导管的内壁形成紫外光固化的水凝胶黏附层;
S5,将步骤S4处理后的气管导管用去离子水清洗,再进行消毒灭菌处理,得到可直接使用的抗痰栓气管导管产品。
上述的一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,步骤S2中,所述疏水光引发剂在异丙醇中的质量浓度为3wt%~10wt%,气管导管在含疏水光引发剂的异丙醇溶液中的溶胀处理时间为1~5min。
上述的一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,所述疏水光引发剂采用二苯甲酮。
上述的一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,步骤S3中,所述全方位紫外光源的波长为200~450nm,功率为60~600W。
上述的一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,步骤S4中,水凝胶单体池内的水溶液中有机单体的浓度为15wt%~30wt%,亲水光引发剂的浓度为1wt%~3wt%,溶剂为去离子水,气管导管在水凝胶单体池内的水溶液中的浸润时间为3~5min,提拉速度为5~10mm/s。
上述的一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,所述有机单体采用丙烯酸或N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺,所述亲水光引发剂采用α-酮戊二酸。
本发明的负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,采用水凝胶涂层来解决气管导管的易堵塞问题,与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:
(1)与镀银或抗生素导管相比,具有明显的减少分泌物在导管聚集的作用,从而可以防止导管堵塞,也能通过物理作用减少呼吸机相关感染;内壁使用水凝胶涂层的气管导管气道分泌物会顺着水凝胶涂层不断下行至气管口,不会引起分泌物在导管壁上粘附聚集,在保证气管导管通畅的同时减少了细菌的定植从而能抑制生物膜的形成,因此能大大降低VAP发生的概率;
(2)Sharklet TM-micropatterned ETT目前也处于实验阶段,并且制作成本相对较高,效果如何尚不明确。水凝胶最大的优点是生物相容性较好,且表面和体液之间的低界面张力可以减少蛋白的吸附和细胞的黏附;且水凝胶涂层厚度可控在0.5mm左右,最大效度地减少了对患者通气的影响;制作成本较为低廉,适合成果转化和量产。
总之,采用发明的负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法制备的抗痰栓气管导管,不仅能保证机械通气患者的气道通畅和安全还能有效减轻医护人员的工作负担,具有良好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的技术人员能更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面对其具体实施方式进行详细地说明:
本发明的实施例,一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,将灭菌的气管导管依次用异丙醇和去离子水清洗,干燥后对气管导管的内壁进行等离子体或臭氧处理;
S2,将经过步骤S1处理后的气管导管浸入含疏水光引发剂的异丙醇溶液进行溶胀处理1~5min,在气管导管的内壁形成溶胀黏附层;疏水光引发剂采用二苯甲酮,疏水光引发剂在异丙醇中的质量浓度为3wt%~10wt%,
S3,在水凝胶单体池口处固定一个全方位紫外光源,水凝胶单体池内注入有含有机单体及亲水光引发剂的水溶液;全方位紫外光源的波长为200~450nm,功率为60~600W;
S4,将经过步骤S2处理后的气管导管用去离子水清洗,然后浸入到水凝胶单体池内的有机单体及亲水光引发剂的水溶液中5min,然后8mm/s匀速提拉气管导管,同时在全方位紫外光源的紫外光照射处理下,气管导管的内壁形成紫外光固化的水凝胶黏附层;水凝胶单体池内的水溶液中有机单体的浓度为20wt%,亲水光引发剂的浓度为1wt%,有机单体采用丙烯酸或N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺,亲水光引发剂采用α-酮戊二酸,溶剂为去离子水;
S5,将步骤S4处理后的气管导管用去离子水清洗,再进行消毒灭菌处理,得到可直接使用的抗痰栓气管导管产品。
综上所述,本发明的负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,采用水凝胶涂层来解决气管导管的易堵塞问题;由于水凝胶涂层的亲水和锁水特性,痰液会顺着气管导管的水凝胶涂层下行至肺部,不会引起痰液粘附聚集甚至干燥而堵塞导管;气管导管通畅的同时减少了细菌的定植从而能抑制生物膜的形成,因此能大大降低呼吸机相关肺炎发生的概率。
本技术领域中的普通技术人员应当认识到,以上的实施例仅是用来说明本发明,而并非用作为对本发明的限定,只要在本发明的实质精神范围内,对以上所述实施例的变化、变型都将落在本发明的权利要求书范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1,将灭菌的气管导管依次用异丙醇和去离子水清洗,干燥后对气管导管的内壁进行等离子体或臭氧处理;
S2,将经过步骤S1处理后的气管导管浸入含疏水光引发剂的异丙醇溶液进行溶胀处理,在气管导管的内壁形成溶胀黏附层;
S3,在水凝胶单体池口处固定一个全方位紫外光源,水凝胶单体池内注入有含有机单体及亲水光引发剂的水溶液;
S4,将经过步骤S2处理后的气管导管用去离子水清洗,然后浸入到水凝胶单体池内的有机单体及亲水光引发剂的水溶液中,然后匀速提拉,同时在全方位紫外光源的紫外光照射处理下,气管导管的内壁形成紫外光固化的水凝胶黏附层;
S5,将步骤S4处理后的气管导管用去离子水清洗,再进行消毒灭菌处理,得到可直接使用的抗痰栓气管导管产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述疏水光引发剂在异丙醇中的质量浓度为3wt%~10wt%,气管导管在含疏水光引发剂的异丙醇溶液中的溶胀处理时间为1~5min。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,其特征在于,所述疏水光引发剂采用二苯甲酮。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述全方位紫外光源的波长为200~450nm,功率为60~600W。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,水凝胶单体池内的水溶液中有机单体的浓度为15wt%~30wt%,亲水光引发剂的浓度为1wt%~3wt%,溶剂为去离子水,气管导管在水凝胶单体池内的水溶液中的浸润时间为3~5min,提拉速度为5~10mm/s。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种负载水凝胶涂层的抗痰栓气管导管的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机单体采用丙烯酸或N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺,所述亲水光引发剂采用α-酮戊二酸。
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