CN104806244A - Filling mining method for slant middle-thick ore body - Google Patents
Filling mining method for slant middle-thick ore body Download PDFInfo
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- CN104806244A CN104806244A CN201510158269.7A CN201510158269A CN104806244A CN 104806244 A CN104806244 A CN 104806244A CN 201510158269 A CN201510158269 A CN 201510158269A CN 104806244 A CN104806244 A CN 104806244A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 claims description 22
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010068052 Mosaicism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003765 sex chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/08—Filling-up hydraulically or pneumatically
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Abstract
The invention relates to a filling mining method for a slant middle-thick ore body. The method includes the following steps: (1) chamber division; (2) chamber stoping; specifically, each chamber is divided into two mining ranges respectively of a hanging side and a heading side, namely, a hanging side mining range stope and a heading side mining range stope, according to the connecting line between the hanging side vertex and the heading side bottom point for stoping; the heading side mining range stope is preferentially stoped, and then the hanging side mining range stope is stoped; in each stage, the stoping is carried out in the chambers one by one from bottom to top along the ore body; the stoping in both the heading side mining range stope and the hanging side mining range stope includes stope arrangement and three processes, namely, mining, stope ore drawing and chamber filling; the chambers are divided into two mining ranges, the hanging side mining range and the heading side mining range, for mining; the heading side mining range is firstly mined, and after the goaf is filled, the hanging side mining range is mined, so that full recovery of collapsed ores in the heading side mining range stope can be ensured, and untimely falling of the surrounding rock on the hanging side due to crush and mixing-in of a large number of barren rocks on the hanging side are avoided; the hanging side mining range stope is stoped after the goaf of the heading side mining range stope is filled in a high-concentration manner, so that stability of the stope surrounding rock body is improved; by partially controlling the ore drawing, ore piles are reserved in the stopes, so that the hanging side surrounding rock can be effectively supported, an extrusion condition is provided for next blasting, and the blasting effect is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underground mining method, particularly a kind of double width for slant middle thick orebody divides and adopts sublevel fill-mining method.
Background technology
For inclination angle, land burial mineral deposit 30 ° ~ 55 °, thickness at the slant middle thick orebody of more than 10m, the main mining method that domestic and international mine adopts has: (1) low sub-level primary stoping, the low ore deposit high sublevel ore removal mineral building method that paragraphs, breasting method, comprehensively room-and-pillar method.These methods are mainly suitable for the firm condition of country rock, when rock crusher, when especially ore body coiling built on the sand, then there is production security difference, mine loss and dilution serious problems; (2) upward horizontal slice filling method, Upward drift, lower to admission passage filling method.These method applicabilities are strong, but adopt that accurate engineering quantity is large, production efficiency is low, cost of production is high, and especially under upper armor rock broken condition, ore deposit rock inbreak is frequent, and stope job safety degree is poor; In order to prevent inbreak, part mine has to reserve a large amount of permanent studding in stope, and abandons the recovery to part nearly upper dish place ore body, thus causes ore loss ratio to increase; (3) Handling by blast force Pre-control roof medium-length hole afterwards filling mining methods are adopted.Such mining methods, mining technology is numerous and diverse, cost of production is high, ore body bad adaptability.To sum up, such ore body due to inclination angle little, in exploitation process, broken ore cannot realize nature by gravity and releases, and causes and produces a large amount of residual at ore body lower wall, cause ore to lose in a large number; Simultaneously, because orebody thickness is less than normal, make stope working space limited, usual employing shallow bore hole falls miner's skill, seriously constrain mine capacity, cause such mineral deposit selection of mining difficult, adopt cut that engineering quantity is large, ore caving and ore handling difficulty, mechanization degree and the series of technical such as operating efficiency is low, the production cycle is long, be the uneasily mining orebody of generally acknowledging both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide and a kind of solve slant middle thick orebody (inclination angle 30 ° ~ 55 °, thickness is at more than 10m), the difficulty of especially upper dish rock crusher adopts the safe and efficient mining methods under condition.
the object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of slant middle thick orebody filling mining method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) mineral building divides: mineral building is arranged along orebody trend direction, and mineral building length is 30m ~ 40m; Height of lift 10-15m, every two segmentations divide a mineral building height into, and mineral building width is orebody thickness, mineral building side section shape approximate parallelogram, are several mineral buildings in a manner described by ore body division;
(2) mineral building back production: by each mineral building by upper dish summit with under a line of trying to get to the heart of a matter be divided into upper dish and lower wall two adopts width, namely descend width stope mining (2.1), upper width stope mining (2.2); Stopping sequence is: first carry out lower width stope mining, after lower width stope Filling mine-out area completes, then carries out upper width stope mining;
Described lower width stope mining, upper width stope mining include stope arrange and exploitation, ore drawing in stope, mineral building filling three processes.
Described lower width stope mining detailed process is as follows:
(2.1.1) under, width stope is arranged and exploitation; In distance ore body lower wall 15-20m position along the outer haulage way of orebody trend direction construction segmentation arteries and veins, at distance ore body lower wall 7-9m place, be parallel to segmentation arteries and veins and transport width stope sublevel drilling gallery under lane construction outward, tunnel ore removal along sublevel drilling gallery every 5-8m and wear arteries and veins, the outer haulage way of UNICOM's segmentation arteries and veins and lower width stope sublevel drilling gallery, ore removal wears the central core of circulation of arteries and veins as stope ore handling; In the middle position of the corresponding mineral building of the outer haulage way of mineral building top the 3rd segmentation arteries and veins, along vertical orebody trend direction construction sublevel fill stoping gallery, through upper dish rock border, ore deposit (i.e. the upper dish summit of mineral building) in one end; The middle position of corresponding mineral building in a sublevel drilling gallery, the lower width stope slot raise of construction, and be connected with the upper dish ore deposit rock boundary of sublevel fill stoping gallery; Take slot raise as the scope of freedom, adopt medium-length hole blasting to form lower width stope cutting groove; Take cutting groove as the scope of freedom, in cutting groove both sides, to fan shaped medium length hole on parallel with certain array pitch construction along orebody trend, move back from mediad both sides and adopt, every separate explosion 2-4 artillery salvo hole;
(2.1.2) width ore drawing in stope under: adopt scraper ore removal, each broken ore is transported 20%-30%, for lower separate explosion provides corresponding compensation space, all the other ores persist stope and support goaf, and after the ore deposit that all falls completes, property is released in a large number again;
(2.1.3) width mineral building filling under: after ore clearancen, shutoff mining roadway mouth, from stope top section filling gallery erection filling pipeline, employing cement-sand ratio is the cement-barren rock-tailings material consolidated fill goaf of 1:4; After body to be filled reaches given strength, start to exploit width stope on mineral building.
Described upper width stope mining detailed process is as follows:
(2.2.1) upper width stope is arranged and exploitation: after lower width mineral building back production sand off, in ore body lower wall ore deposit rock intersection (namely trying to get to the heart of a matter a little under mineral building), width stope sublevel drilling gallery in construction, in former ore removal Chuan Mai position, excavation obturation, the outer haulage way of UNICOM's segmentation arteries and veins and sublevel drilling gallery; In the middle position of upper width stope sublevel drilling gallery, the lower width stope filling body of next-door neighbour, to construct obliquely upper width slot raise with 55 ° of inclination angles, is connected with the 3rd sublevel fill stoping gallery, with cut well for the scope of freedom is formed upper width stope cutting groove; To fan shaped medium length hole on the cutting groove both sides Drilling formed, take cutting groove as the scope of freedom, move back adopt from mediad both sides, every separate explosion 2-4 arranges;
(2.2.2) upper width ore drawing in stope: adopt scraper ore removal, each broken ore is transported 20%-30%, and for lower separate explosion provides corresponding compensation space, all the other ores persist and support goaf in mineral building, and after the ore deposit that falls completes, property is released in a large number again;
(2.2.3) upper width mineral building filling: after ore clearancen, from stope top section filling gallery erection filling pipeline, employing cement-sand ratio is the cement-barren rock-tailing cemented filling goaf of 1:8.
the present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
(1) mineral building is divided into upper width and lower width two step to divide and adopt, first adopt lower width, after goaf filling completes, adopt width again, the abundant recovery of lower width stope to broken ore can be ensured on the one hand, avoid the too early inbreak due to upper dish rock crusher, cause being mixed in a large number of hangingwall waste; Meanwhile, behind width stope goaf under high dense fill, width stope in back production, can improve the stability of face surrounding rock body; In upper width stope mining process, by Partial controll ore removal, make stope retain ore storage, armor rock can be supported on the one hand, simultaneously also for lower separate explosion provides extruding condition, improve demolition effect;
(2) stope falls ore deposit: arrange rock drilling lane along orebody trend direction respectively at upper and lower width stope, adopts fan shaped medium length hole to fall ore deposit.Wherein, lower width stope rock drilling lane is arranged in the country rock of lower wall, and the lateral opening angle of medium-length hole controls, more than 50 °, to reduce Rock dilution as far as possible, will ensure effective releasing of lower wall broken ore simultaneously; Upper width stope rock drilling lane is arranged in lower wall ore deposit rock intersection, and the lateral opening angle of medium-length hole is 55 °.The ore that this arrangement efficiently solves on the one hand for the avalanche of gently inclined orebody lower wall by the problem of releasing completely of conducting oneself with dignity, meanwhile, can not divide effective recovery of adopting and can ensure upper dish high grade ore by upper and lower width stope;
(3) adopt medium-length hole double width to divide and adopt sublevel fill-mining method, coil the high grade ore rate of recovery on effective minimizing lower wall ore remains and improves while, due to workman's only operation in stope rock drilling lane, can to avoid in exploitation process, due to the stope job safety sex chromosome mosaicism that the inbreak of upper dish rock crusher brings, realizing safe and efficient mining.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the work progress schematic diagram of mining methods of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the II-II sectional view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the III-III sectional view of Fig. 1.
In figure: 1-parallelogram mineral building; The upper width stope of 2-; Width stope under 3-; The outer haulage drift of 4-segmentation arteries and veins; Width stope rock drilling gallery under 5-; 6-ore removal wears arteries and veins; 7-sublevel fill stoping gallery; Width stope slot raise under 8-; Width stope cutting groove under 9-; 10-upper width stope sublevel drilling gallery; 11-upper width stope slot raise; 12-big gun hole.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of slant middle thick orebody filling mining method, specific implementation process is as shown in Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3, and setting level interval 60m, height of lift 10-30m, divide a mineral building along orebody trend direction every 30-40m, mineral building is high is that two segmentations are high, and wide is that ore body is entirely thick.By mineral building by upper dish summit with under a line of trying to get to the heart of a matter be divided into upper dish and lower wall two and adopt width and namely go up width (2) and lower width (3), adopt width (2) after first adopting lower width (3).
lower width stope (3) exploitation process:one point of segment distance ore body lower wall 15-20m position along orebody trend direction, the outer haulage way (4) of construction segmentation arteries and veins, at distance ore body lower wall 7-9m place, construction is parallel to lower width stope sublevel drilling gallery (5) of the outer haulage way of segmentation arteries and veins, tunnel ore removal every 5-8m and wear arteries and veins (6), the outer haulage way of UNICOM's segmentation arteries and veins and lower width stope sublevel drilling gallery, ore removal wears the central core of circulation of arteries and veins as stope ore handling.In middle position construction sublevel fill stoping gallery (7) of the corresponding mineral building of mineral building top the 3rd segmentation, the vertical orebody trend of sublevel fill stoping gallery, through upper dish rock border, ore deposit (i.e. the upper dish summit of mineral building) in one end.Width stope slot raise (8) under construction in sublevel drilling gallery (5), and be connected with sublevel fill stoping gallery (7).Take slot raise as the scope of freedom, adopt medium-length hole blasting to form lower width stope cutting groove (9).Following width stope cutting groove (9) is the scope of freedom, in cutting groove both sides, to fan shaped medium length hole on parallel with certain array pitch construction along orebody trend, move back and adopts, every separate explosion 2-4 artillery salvo hole (12) from mediad both sides.Adopting trackless ore removal equipment ore removal, in order to ensure the stability of stope, only transporting the 20%-30% of broken ore at every turn, for lower separate explosion provides corresponding compensation space, all the other ores persist stope and support goaf, and after the ore deposit that all falls completes, property is released in a large number again.After ore clearancen, from stope top section filling gallery (7) erection filling pipeline, employing cement-sand ratio is the cement-barren rock-tailings material consolidated fill goaf of 1:4.After body to be filled reaches given strength, start to exploit width stope on mineral building.
upper width stope (2)exploitation process: after the filling of lower width stope mining completes, width stope sublevel drilling gallery (10) in lower wall ore deposit rock intersection (namely trying to get to the heart of a matter a little under mineral building) construction, arteries and veins (6) position is worn at former ore removal, excavation obturation, the outer haulage way (4) of UNICOM's segmentation arteries and veins and sublevel drilling gallery (10).Width obturation place under stope central authorities next-door neighbour mineral building, to construct obliquely upper width slot raise (11) with 55 ° of inclination angles from upper width stope sublevel drilling gallery (10), is connected with the 3rd sublevel fill stoping gallery, with cut well for the scope of freedom is formed upper width stope cutting groove.Be similar to the recovery process of width under mineral building, to fan shaped medium length hole on the cutting groove both sides Drilling formed, take cutting groove as the scope of freedom, move back from mediad both sides and adopt, every separate explosion 2-4 artillery salvo hole (12), adopt trackless ore removal equipment ore removal, after explosion, only transport 20% ~ 30% of each broken ore, all the other ores persist and support goaf in mineral buildings, all fall after ore deposit completes, the disposable a large amount of releasing of ore will be remained; After ore clearancen, employing cement-sand ratio is the cement-barren rock-tailing cemented filling goaf of 1::8.
Claims (3)
1. a slant middle thick orebody filling mining method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) mineral building divides: mineral building is arranged along orebody trend direction, and mineral building length is 30m ~ 40m; Height of lift 10-15m, every two segmentations divide a mineral building height into, and mineral building width is orebody thickness, mineral building side section shape approximate parallelogram, are several mineral buildings in a manner described by ore body division;
(2) mineral building back production: by each mineral building by upper dish summit with under a line of trying to get to the heart of a matter be divided into upper dish and lower wall two adopts width, namely go up width stope and lower width stope; During back production, mineral building adopts substep back production, namely descends width stope mining (2.1), upper width stope mining (2.2); Stopping sequence is: first carry out lower width stope mining, after lower width stope Filling mine-out area completes, then carries out upper width stope mining;
Described lower width stope mining, upper width stope mining include stope arrange and exploitation, ore drawing in stope, mineral building filling three processes.
2. a kind of slant middle thick orebody filling mining method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described lower width stope mining detailed process is as follows:
(2.1.1) under, width stope is arranged and exploitation; In distance ore body lower wall 15-20m position along the outer haulage way of orebody trend direction construction segmentation arteries and veins, at distance ore body lower wall 7-9m place, be parallel to segmentation arteries and veins and transport width stope sublevel drilling gallery under lane construction outward, tunnel ore removal along sublevel drilling gallery every 5-8m and wear arteries and veins, the outer haulage way of UNICOM's segmentation arteries and veins and lower width stope sublevel drilling gallery, ore removal wears the central core of circulation of arteries and veins as stope ore handling; In the middle position of the corresponding mineral building of mineral building top the 3rd segmentation, construction sublevel fill stoping gallery, the vertical orebody trend of sublevel fill stoping gallery, one end through upper dish rock border, ore deposit, the i.e. upper dish summit of mineral building; Width stope slot raise under construction in sublevel drilling gallery, and be connected with sublevel fill stoping gallery; Take slot raise as the scope of freedom, adopt medium-length hole blasting to form lower width stope cutting groove; Following width stope cutting groove is the scope of freedom, in cutting groove both sides, to fan shaped medium length hole on parallel with certain array pitch construction along orebody trend, move back and adopts, every separate explosion 2-4 artillery salvo hole from mediad both sides;
(2.1.2) width ore drawing in stope under: adopt scraper ore removal, each broken ore is transported 20%-30%, and all the other ores persist and support goaf in mineral building, and for lower separate explosion provides corresponding compensation space, after the ore deposit that all falls completes, property is released in a large number again;
(2.1.3) width mineral building filling under: after ore clearancen, shutoff mining roadway mouth, from stope top section filling gallery erection filling pipeline, employing cement-sand ratio is the cement-barren rock-tailing cemented filling goaf of 1:4; After body to be filled reaches given strength, start to exploit width stope on mineral building.
3. a kind of slant middle thick orebody filling mining method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described upper width stope mining detailed process is as follows:
(2.2.1) upper width stope is arranged and exploitation; After lower width mineral building back production sand off, at ore body lower wall ore deposit rock intersection, namely try to get to the heart of a matter a little under mineral building, width stope sublevel drilling gallery in construction, then in former ore removal Chuan Mai position, excavation obturation, the outer haulage way of UNICOM's segmentation arteries and veins and sublevel drilling gallery; In stope central authorities, the lower width stope filling body of next-door neighbour, from upper width stope sublevel drilling gallery, to construct obliquely upper width slot raise with 55 ° of inclination angles, is connected with the 3rd sublevel fill stoping gallery, with cut well for the scope of freedom is formed upper width stope cutting groove; To fan shaped medium length hole on the cutting groove both sides Drilling formed, take cutting groove as the scope of freedom, move back adopt from mediad both sides, every separate explosion 2-4 arranges;
(2.2.2) upper width ore drawing in stope: adopt scraper ore removal, each broken ore is transported 20%-30%, and for lower separate explosion provides corresponding compensation space, all the other ores persist and support goaf in mineral building, and after the ore deposit that falls completes, property is released in a large number again;
(2.2.3) upper width mineral building filling: after ore clearancen, from stope top section filling gallery erection filling pipeline, employing cement-sand ratio is the cement-barren rock-tailing cemented filling goaf of 1:8.
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| CN105507905A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-04-20 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Internal discharge method during anticline passing period of open-cast mining |
| CN105781551A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-07-20 | 贵州晨辉达矿业工程设计有限公司 | Horizontal strip type mixed filling mining method applicable to three-underground orebody mining |
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