CN115263311A - Combined mining method of induced caving of suspended top pillar and sublevel caving of vertical deep hole ore breaking with bottom pillar - Google Patents
Combined mining method of induced caving of suspended top pillar and sublevel caving of vertical deep hole ore breaking with bottom pillar Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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Abstract
A combined mining method of suspended roof column induced caving and bottom column sublevel caving of vertical deep hole ore breaking comprises the following steps: (1) Dividing the steeply inclined ore body into stages, sections, a suspended top column and a bottom column; (2) The stage haulage roadway, the rock drilling roadway and the bottom pillars are respectively arranged along the trend of the ore body outside and inside the vein; (3) sequentially advancing the upper subsection and the lower subsection to carry out stoping; (4) With the advancing of a stope face, when the length of a top pillar and the exposed area of hanging wall surrounding rocks reach a critical cross-over value, the top pillar is gradually induced to collapse from the first mining part of a stope to recover the hanging top pillar, and overlying waste rocks fall into a goaf filling part stope to play a role in controlling ground pressure; continuously retreating according to the sequence for continuous extraction; (5) And the recovered ores and the recovered suspended support pillar ores are intensively transported to a stage chute through a funnel and an ore removal roadway and then transported to the ground surface by a mine transportation and lifting system. Compared with the sublevel caving method with the bottom pillar, the invention improves the recovery rate of the ore and reduces the dilution rate of the ore.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mining method for underground mining of metal mines, in particular to a combined mining method for suspended-roof-pillar induced caving and sill pillar sublevel caving of vertical deep-hole ore breaking of steeply inclined medium-thickness ore bodies.
Background
The surrounding rock and ore which account for the occurrence proportion of large mineral resources in China are moderately stable and more low-value steeply inclined thin to medium-thickness ore bodies, and are usually mined by adopting an open-field method such as a shrinkage method, a sectional rock drilling stage chamber method and the like. The empty-field method is widely used in metal mines due to simple technical form, high recovery rate and low loss rate. However, as the mining depth increases, the ground stress increases, the crushing degree of ore rocks is increased, the ore dilution rate increases, and mining accidents are frequently occurred, which is now an industry common problem. However, the existing mining handbooks, teaching materials do not give an answer how the technology changes.
The direction of the transformation of the empty field method is mainly improved into a top-control type empty field method or a filling method or a caving method. The top control type open field method mainly adopts an anchor rod and an anchor cable to control the top, has certain effect in a small area, but has high supporting cost, large field workload and large technical risk, and can not fundamentally solve the applicability problem of the large-range ore body burying mining method. The filling method has certain advantages in the technology, but is limited by the filling cost, and is difficult to popularize and use in low-value ore bodies. While the caving method in general has generally larger depletion rate and loss rate, but has larger advantages in the aspects of production cost, safety and process continuity.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the guidance of a collaborative mining concept, the advantages and the characteristics of an induced caving technology, a sublevel rock drilling stage chamber method and a sill pillar sublevel caving method are fully exerted, and the invention provides a sill pillar sublevel caving combined mining method for suspended roof pillar induced caving and vertical deep hole ore falling. The method utilizes the advantages of low ore lowering loss rate, low dilution rate and high recovery rate of an empty field by a chamber method in a sectional rock drilling stage to arrange a suspended top column; before the recovery of the suspended jack columns, all the sections are positioned under an empty field for rock drilling, blasting, ore breaking and ore removal; with the advancement of different segmental stoping work in the stage, the length of the suspended ceiling column and the exposed areas of the upper and lower coiled wall rocks are gradually increased, so that the suspended ceiling column, the upper and lower coiled wall rocks gradually reach a critical instability state; at the moment, the suspended top column is recovered by sectional induced collapse from the first mining part, so that the exposed length of the suspended top column is reduced, and the length of the suspended top column is always kept in a safe range; because of the induced caving suspended top column, the upper layer waste rock falls into the empty space from the induced caving part, fills partial goaf and can reduce the exposed area of the surrounding rock of the upper and lower trays at the same time.
The goaf is processed while the suspended top pillars are continuously stoped, propelled and induced to collapse and recovered, so that the blasted ore is kept in an open field as much as possible to remove the ore, the ore loss rate and the dilution rate are reduced, and the technical problem caused by the increase of the burial depth of the ore body is solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a combined mining method of suspended roof column induced caving and bottom column sublevel caving of vertical deep hole ore breaking comprises the following steps:
(1) Dividing the steeply inclined ore body into stages, sections, suspended pillars and bottom pillars, arranging stopes on the ore body with the middle thickness and the thickness above the middle thickness along the trend, wherein the length of an ore room is the same as the distance between adjacent ore pass shafts;
(2) The sublevel transportation roadway, the pedestrian ventilation shaft and the orepass are all arranged outside the boundary line of ore body stoping dislocation of the sublevel, the distance between the sublevel transportation roadway and the ore body is not less than 10m, the stope and the sublevel transportation roadway are connected through stope connecting channels, the pedestrian ventilation shaft is connected with the sublevel drilling roadway through sublevel stope connecting channels, and the ore removal roadway is arranged on one side outside the footway;
(3) The method comprises the following steps that a funnel and a segmented rock drilling roadway are arranged in a parallel ore body trend mode, a leakage is avoided at the bottom of a stope, the funnel is arranged in advance of the stope, a cutting groove is manufactured at the first mining part of the segmented rock drilling roadway, then a vertically upward fan-shaped medium-length hole is drilled in the segmented rock drilling roadway, 3-6 rows of blast holes are blasted each time when ore is dropped, retreat type stoping is carried out, and the upper segment in a stage is advanced and lower segment stoping blasting is carried out;
(4) With the advancing of a stope face, gradually inducing caving from a first mining part of a stope to recover suspended pillars when the length of the pillars and the exposed area of the hanging wall rock reach a critical spanning value, and discharging ores of the caving suspended pillars together with ores from a hopper after the ores fall into an empty stope;
(5) And (4) conveying the ores falling from the stope and the suspended support pillar ores induced to collapse to the chute through a scraper, and conveying the ores to the ground surface through a conveying and lifting system of the mine.
The stage height in the step (1) is 55-65 m, the subsection height is 10-18 m, the thickness of the suspended top column is 6-10 m, the thickness of the bottom column is 6-10 m, and the length of the ore block is the distance between adjacent ore pass and is 50-80 m.
The specification of the stage haulage roadway in the step (2) is 3.5 multiplied by 3m 2 The specification of the pedestrian ventilation patio is 2 multiplied by 2m 2 The specification of the ore pass is 3 multiplied by 3m 2 The specification of the stope connecting road is 2.5 multiplied by 2.2m 2 The sectional stope connecting road is 2.2 multiplied by 2.2m 2 The sectional rock drilling roadway is 2.8 multiplied by 2.8m 2 The specification of the ore removal roadway is 2.5 multiplied by 2.5m 2 。
The height of the funnel in the step (3) is 5-8 m, and the specification of the funnel opening is 8 multiplied by 8m 2 The specification of the bucket neck is 2.2 multiplied by 2.2m 2 The size of the bucket-through is 2.2 multiplied by 2.2m 2 The specification of the cutting groove is 2 multiplied by 12m 2 The length of the vertical upward fan-shaped medium-length hole is 5-20 m, the distance between rows of blast holes is 1.5-1.8 m, and the distance between the upper segment and the lower segment is 3-5 m.
The specific operation steps of the induced collapse recovery suspended ceiling column in the step (4) are as follows:
a suspended-top-column rock drilling roadway is downwards tunneled every 10m from a transportation roadway at the upper stage, and is used for inducing caving to recover suspended top columns, the distance between the tail end of the rock drilling roadway and the suspended top columns is not less than 5m, suspended-top-column recovery blast holes are dug on the suspended top columns to be recovered in the rock drilling roadway, and millisecond delay blasting is adopted for sectionally charging; the dropped suspended top column is discharged from the hopper, and the overlying waste rocks fall from the recovered suspended top column and fill part of the goaf.
The specification of the suspended ceiling pillar rock drilling roadway is 2.2 multiplied by 2.2m 2 The length of the recovered blast hole of the drill suspension top column is 10-20 m, and the millisecond delay time is 20-80 ms.
The scraper specification in the step (5) is 0.5-3 m 3 。
The invention has the outstanding advantages that:
(1) A suspended top column is arranged to form an empty field ore removal condition, so that the ore recovery rate is improved;
(2) With the retreating type stoping, the length of the suspended top column and the area of an empty site are continuously increased, and when the length of the suspended top column and the exposed area of the hanging wall rock reach a critical spanning value, the suspended top column is gradually induced to collapse and recovered from the first mining part of the stope, so that the ore stoping rate is improved;
(3) The overlying waste rock flows into and fills part of the goaf from the position of the induced caving recovery suspended top column, and the exposed area of the goaf is reduced while the suspended top column is recovered, so that stope ground pressure is well controlled;
(4) The mining method has low loss rate, only the suspended top column is reserved without a stud, and the suspended top column is gradually recovered along with the stoping propulsion, so that all ores in a stope are recovered as much as possible to reduce the loss rate;
(5) The bottom column is used as a buffer layer for sectional rock drilling blasting ore falling, and ore removal can be concentrated by the ore removal tunnel connecting hopper, so that the ore removal efficiency is improved;
(6) The method has the advantages of a bottom pillar sublevel caving method, and the working procedures of rock drilling, blasting, ore removal and temporary support in the stoping process, personnel and equipment are operated in a roadway and do not enter a goaf or a stope, so that the construction safety of the personnel is guaranteed;
drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a suspended jack-post induced caving and vertical deep-hole ore breaking bottom-post sublevel caving combined mining method I-I.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a combination mining method ii-ii with sill pillar sublevel caving for suspended jack pillar induced caving and vertical deep hole ore breaking according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a III-III sectional view of the suspended jack-post induced caving and vertical deep hole ore breaking sublevel caving combination mining method.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a stope after recovery of a suspended roof pillar in the suspended roof pillar induced caving and vertical deep hole ore breaking sublevel caving combined mining method.
Labeled as: the method comprises the following steps of 1, 2, vertical fan-shaped medium-length holes 3, peach-shaped ore pillars 4, caving ores 5, cutting grooves 6, suspended top pillar rock drilling tunnels 7, suspended top pillar recovery blast holes 8, an open stope 9, suspended top pillars 10, upper-stage waste rocks 11, upper-stage transportation tunnels 12, orepasses 13, pedestrian ventilation shafts 14, subsection stope connecting tunnels 15, subsection transportation tunnels 16, ore removal tunnels 17 and subsection rock drilling tunnels 18.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by means of the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a method for sublevel caving combined mining with a bottom pillar for suspended roof pillar induced caving and vertical deep hole ore breaking, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Dividing stope elements of a sublevel caving combined mining method for the suspension roof pillar induced caving and the vertical deep hole ore dropping, wherein the step height is 63m, 4 segments are arranged, the height of each segment is 12m, the thickness of the suspension roof pillar is 8m, and the thickness of the bottom pillar is 7m; stopes are arranged along the trend of ore bodies with medium thickness or more than medium thickness, the length of a chamber is 60m, and the width of the chamber is 10m.
(2) 3.5 x 3m of excavation step outside the dislocation boundary of ore body stoping in the lower stage 2 A stage haulage roadway 16, the stage haulage roadway being 20m from the ore body; self-staged haulage roadway 16 tunneling 2.2 multiplied by 2.2m at intervals of 60m 2 Stope crossroads 1; at one side of the ore body lower wall, 3.5m is tunneled by 2.5 multiplied by 2.5m 2 A mine removal roadway 17; at a distance of 10m from the ore body, and 2 x 2m parallel ore body tunneling from the stope connecting road 1 2 The manway ventilating shaft 14 is used for driving 2.2 multiplied by 2.2m into the ore body every 12m from the manway ventilating shaft 14 2 Sectional stope connecting lanes 15; the distance between the coal seam and the ore body is 14m, and the side wall of the connecting road in the stope is tunneled by 3 multiplied by 3m 2 An ore pass 13.
(3) The hopper and the sectional rock drilling roadway are arranged in the direction parallel to the ore body and are used for self ore removalThe tunnel 17 is opened to the mine body for leakage, the height of the funnel is 7m, the bucket is penetrated by 2.2 multiplied by 2.2m 2 Bucket neck of 2.2X 2.2m 2 8 x 8m funnel mouth 2 (ii) a After the sectional stope connecting road 15 reaches the ore body, the parallel ore body is dug by 2.8 multiplied by 2.8m 2 A sectional rock drilling roadway 18, wherein the sectional rock drilling roadway 18 drills a row of vertical fan-shaped deep holes 3 with the length of 5-20 m into an ore body at intervals of 1.7m, and 2 multiplied by 12m are drilled at the first mining part of the section 3 The other three subsection projects of the cutting groove 6 are the same; the upper section is blasted 5m ahead of the lower section.
(4) The concrete measure of the recovery of the suspended roof column is that a 2.2 x 2.2m section of transportation roadway 12 at the upper stage is tunneled downwards 2 The method comprises the following steps that (1) a cantilever column induces a caving rock drilling roadway 7, the distance between the tail end of the rock drilling roadway 7 and the cantilever column 10 is more than or equal to 5m, the distance between the cantilever column induced caving rock drilling roadways 7 is 10m, and the length of the cantilever column recovered by each induced caving is 10m; a 10-20 m cantilever top column recovery blast hole 8 is dug to the cantilever top column at the tail end of a cantilever top column rock drilling roadway 7, millisecond differential blasting is adopted, and the millisecond differential time is 20-80 ms; and when the length of the suspended top column and the exposed area of the hanging wall surrounding rock reach a critical cross-over value, gradually inducing and caving from the first mining part of the stope to recover the suspended top column.
(5) Ore 5 collapsed in a stope and ore of the induced collapse suspended top column 10 are removed through a scraper and transported to an ore chute 13, and then the ore is transported to the ground surface through a stage haulage roadway 16.
Claims (7)
1. A combined mining method of suspended roof column induced caving and bottom column sublevel caving in vertical deep hole ore breaking is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Dividing the steeply inclined ore body into stages, sections, suspended pillars and bottom pillars, arranging stopes on the ore body with the middle thickness and the thickness above the middle thickness along the trend, wherein the length of an ore room is the same as the distance between adjacent ore pass shafts;
(2) The sublevel transportation roadway, the pedestrian ventilation shaft and the orepass are all arranged outside the boundary line of ore body stoping dislocation of the sublevel, the distance between the sublevel transportation roadway and the ore body is not less than 10m, the stope and the sublevel transportation roadway are connected through stope connecting channels, the pedestrian ventilation shaft is connected with the sublevel drilling roadway through sublevel stope connecting channels, and the ore removal roadway is arranged on one side outside the footway;
(3) The method comprises the following steps that a hopper and a sectional rock drilling roadway are arranged in parallel to the trend of an ore body, a leakage is formed at the bottom of a stope, the hopper is arranged in advance of the stope, a cutting groove is formed in the first mining part of the sectional rock drilling roadway, then a vertically upward fan-shaped medium-length hole is drilled in the sectional rock drilling roadway, 3-6 rows of blast holes are blasted each time when ore is dropped, retreat type stoping is carried out, and the upper section in a stage is arranged in advance of lower section stoping blasting;
(4) With the advancing of a stope face, gradually inducing caving from a first mining part of a stope to recover the suspended pillars when the length of the suspended pillars and the exposed area of the hanging wall rock reach a critical spanning value, and discharging ores of the caving suspended pillars together with ores from a hopper after the ores fall into an empty stope;
(5) And (4) conveying the ores falling from the stope and the suspended support pillar ores induced to collapse to the chute through a scraper, and conveying the ores to the ground surface through a conveying and lifting system of the mine.
2. The sublevel caving combined mining method with the suspended ceiling induced caving and the vertical deep hole ore dropping according to claim 1, characterized in that the step (1) is 55-65 m in height of stage, 10-18 m in height of sublevel, 6-10 m in thickness of suspended ceiling, 6-10 m in thickness of sill pillar, and 50-80 m in length of ore block as the distance between adjacent ore pass.
3. The sublevel caving combined mining method with suspended roof column induced caving and vertical deep hole ore dropping as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specification of the stage haulage roadway in step (2) is 3.5 x 3m 2 The specification of the pedestrian ventilation patio is 2 multiplied by 2m 2 The specification of the ore pass is 3 multiplied by 3m 2 The specification of the stope connecting road is 2.5 multiplied by 2.2m 2 The sectional stope connecting road is 2.2 multiplied by 2.2m 2 The sectional rock drilling roadway is 2.8 multiplied by 2.8m 2 The specification of the ore removal roadway is 2.5 multiplied by 2.5m 2 。
4. The method for bottom pillar sublevel caving combined mining with suspended roof pillar induced caving and vertical deep hole ore dropping according to claim 1, wherein the step (a), (b) and (c)3) The height of the funnel is 5-8 m, and the specification of the funnel opening is 8 multiplied by 8m 2 The size of the bucket neck is 2.2 multiplied by 2.2m 2 The size of the bucket-through is 2.2 multiplied by 2.2m 2 The specification of the cutting groove is 2 multiplied by 12m 2 The length of the vertical upward fan-shaped medium-length hole is 5-20 m, the distance between rows of blast holes is 1.5-1.8 m, and the distance between the upper segment and the lower segment is 3-5 m.
5. The sublevel caving combined mining method for suspended ceiling column induced caving and vertical deep hole ore breaking with a bottom column according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific operation steps of induced caving recovery suspended ceiling column in step (4) are as follows:
a suspended-top-column rock drilling roadway is downwards tunneled every 10m from a transportation roadway at the upper stage, and is used for inducing caving to recover suspended top columns, the distance between the tail end of the rock drilling roadway and the suspended top columns is not less than 5m, suspended-top-column recovery blast holes are dug on the suspended top columns to be recovered in the rock drilling roadway, and millisecond delay blasting is adopted for sectionally charging; the dropped suspended top column is discharged from the hopper, and the overlying waste rocks fall from the recovered suspended top column and fill part of the goaf.
6. The sublevel caving combined mining method with suspended ceiling induced caving and vertical deep hole ore dropping as recited in claim 1, wherein said suspended ceiling drill rock roadway specification is 2.2 x 2.2m 2 The length of the recovered blast hole of the drill suspension top column is 10-20 m, and the millisecond delay time is 20-80 ms.
7. The sublevel caving combined mining method with suspended roof column induced caving and vertical deep hole ore dropping as claimed in claim 1, wherein the scraper specification in step (5) is 0.5-3 m 3 。
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| CN202210970069.1A CN115263311A (en) | 2022-08-12 | 2022-08-12 | Combined mining method of induced caving of suspended top pillar and sublevel caving of vertical deep hole ore breaking with bottom pillar |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117722181A (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-03-19 | 贵州息烽磷矿有限责任公司 | Method and system for mining steep-inclined thick and large ore body protection column |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117722181A (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-03-19 | 贵州息烽磷矿有限责任公司 | Method and system for mining steep-inclined thick and large ore body protection column |
| CN117722181B (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-04-26 | 贵州息烽磷矿有限责任公司 | Method and system for mining steep-inclined thick and large ore body protection column |
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