CN113202474A - Blasting method for protecting eyebrow line by segment caving method - Google Patents
Blasting method for protecting eyebrow line by segment caving method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113202474A CN113202474A CN202110588086.4A CN202110588086A CN113202474A CN 113202474 A CN113202474 A CN 113202474A CN 202110588086 A CN202110588086 A CN 202110588086A CN 113202474 A CN113202474 A CN 113202474A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 210000004709 eyebrow Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a blasting method for protecting an eyebrow line by a subsection caving method, which comprises subsection stoping, rock drilling in a stoping roadway, arranging upward sector-shaped medium-length holes, blasting, stoping and ore removal, wherein the upward sector-shaped medium-length holes are main blasting holes, and the blasting method is characterized in that sector-shaped pre-splitting holes are drilled between the main blasting holes, then explosive charging and blasting are carried out, the explosive charging is carried out by filling explosives in two side holes and one hole in the middle of the main blasting holes, and the explosive charging is directly blocked when the distance between other holes and the hole opening is 10-15% of the subsection height, and the explosive charging is carried out at intervals between the sector-shaped pre-splitting holes; the blasting adopts differential initiation, and the initiation sequence is as follows: the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes are blasted together, and the main blasting holes are blasted in a micro-difference mode from the middle hole to two sides in a subsection mode. The invention has the advantages that: greatly reduces the damage rate of the eyebrow line, ensures the safety and ensures the orderly follow-up production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mine caving mining, and particularly relates to a blasting method for protecting an eyebrow line by a sublevel caving method.
Background
The underground mine adopts a sill pillar-free sublevel caving mining method for many years, and the technology is mature. The whole stoping process of the mining method is completed in a stoping drift. Therefore, the stoping route is kept in a good stable state, and the stoping route has great significance for safe production of mines and improvement of stoping economic benefits.
However, when the ore body is not very stable, because the hole openings of the fan-shaped blast holes are provided with free surfaces, the hole openings are densely filled, in the process of stoping blasting, after the brow line is damaged, the hole openings of the next row of blast holes are collapsed, so that the charged holes are buried by slag, the charging cannot be carried out, extremely adverse factors are brought to next stoping blasting, and the phenomenon of blasting overhang is easily caused by the non-charged blasting when the next row of blast holes are buried. The difficulty of suspended ceiling treatment and secondary crushing is increased. In addition, brow line damage can affect ore fluidity, change the flow speed of local ore and lead the ore to be depleted in advance in the recovery process. Under the condition that stope structure parameters such as the sectional height, the ore drawing step pitch and the like are not changed, along with the gradual increase of the damage degree of the brow line, the ore recovery rate shows a gradually decreasing trend, and the mixing rate of the waste rocks shows a gradually increasing trend. If the blast hole is deformed, the subsequent blasting operation cannot be carried out. The protection of the brow line solves the normal blasting problem of the rear blast holes of unstable ore bodies.
At present, for the protection of the brow line of an unstable ore body non-pillar sublevel caving method, a natural caving method is generally adopted for supporting the brow line at an ore drawing opening, the method only adopts a steel arch frame and a reinforced concrete supporting piece for supporting the brow line, but the method is a permanent supporting method, and once the method is formed, the brow line cannot be damaged. The method is not suitable for eyebrow line protection by a base-pillar-free subsection caving method, and has different protection purposes.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a blasting method for protecting an eyebrow line by a segment caving method, which can protect the eyebrow line of a mine opening during the stoping blasting process of unstable ore bodies.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a blasting method for protecting an eyebrow line by a sectional caving method, which comprises the steps of sectional stoping, rock drilling in a stoping roadway, arranging upward fan-shaped medium-length holes, blasting, stoping and ore removal, wherein the upward fan-shaped medium-length holes are main blasting holes, and the blasting method is characterized in that fan-shaped pre-splitting holes are drilled between the main blasting holes, then explosive charging and blasting are carried out, explosive is filled in two side holes and a middle hole of each main blasting hole, the part of other holes, which is 10-15% of the distance between the holes and the hole opening and is the height of a sectional section, is not charged, and is directly blocked, and the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes are charged at intervals; the blasting adopts differential initiation, and the initiation sequence is as follows: the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes are blasted together, and the main blasting holes are blasted in a micro-difference mode from the middle hole to two sides in a subsection mode.
Preferably, if the ore caving step distance is the row distance of one row of holes, the step of drilling the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes between the main blasting holes is the step of drilling one row of fan-shaped pre-splitting holes between every two adjacent rows of main blasting holes; and if the ore caving step distance is the row distance of two rows of holes, the step of drilling the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes between the main blast holes is to drill one row of fan-shaped pre-splitting holes in the middle of every four adjacent rows of main blast holes.
Preferably, the hole depth of the fan-shaped pre-splitting hole is 10% -15% of the height of the subsection, and the hole diameter of the fan-shaped pre-splitting hole is 10% -15% smaller than that of the main blasting hole.
Preferably, the row face angle of the main blast hole is inclined forward by 75-90 degrees.
The invention has the advantages that: as the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes are arranged between the upward fan-shaped medium-length holes, and are adopted to perform simultaneous blasting firstly, the main blasting holes start to perform sectional differential blasting towards two sides from the middle hole, the brow line damage rate is greatly reduced, the normal blasting of the rear row blasting holes of the unstable ore body is ensured, and the sequential production is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a blast hole arrangement.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line a-a' of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of B-B' of fig. 1.
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the borehole charging of figure 2.
Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the borehole charging of figure 3.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings,
as shown in fig. 1-5, the blasting method for protecting the brow line by the sectional caving method comprises the steps of sectional mining, rock drilling in a mining roadway 5, arranging upward sector-shaped medium-length holes, blasting, mining and ore removal, wherein the upward sector-shaped medium-length holes are main blast holes 2, and the blasting method is characterized in that fan-shaped pre-split holes 3 are drilled between the main blast holes 2, then explosive charging and blasting are carried out, the explosive charging is carried out by filling explosive into two side holes and a middle hole of the main blast holes 2, and the explosive charging is carried out when the distance between other holes and an orifice is 10% -15% of the height of a sectional section, and the explosive charging is directly blocked, as shown in fig. 4; the sector pre-split holes 3 are filled with powder at intervals, as shown in figure 5; the blasting adopts differential initiation, and the initiation sequence is as follows: the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes 3 are blasted together, and the main blasting holes 2 are blasted in a sectional micro-difference mode towards two sides from the middle hole.
As an example, if the ore caving step distance is the row distance of a row of holes, the step of drilling the fan-shaped pre-cracked holes 3 between the two adjacent rows of main blasts 2 is to drill a row of fan-shaped pre-cracked holes 3 in the middle of each two adjacent rows of main blasts 2; if the ore caving step distance is the row distance of two rows of holes, the step of drilling the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes 3 among the main blasting holes 2 is to drill one row of fan-shaped pre-splitting holes 3 in the middle of every four adjacent rows of main blasting holes 2.
The hole depth of the fan-shaped pre-splitting hole is 10% -15% of the height of the subsection, and the hole diameter of the fan-shaped pre-splitting hole is 10% -15% smaller than that of the main blasting hole. The aperture of the main explosion hole 2 is 60mm, and the aperture of the fan-shaped pre-splitting hole 3 is 50 mm. The sectional height of the embodiment is 15m, and the hole depth of the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes 3 is 1.5m-2m higher than the height of a top plate 9 of a stoping roadway.
The array angle of the main blasting hole 2 is inclined forward by 80 degrees, and the array angle of the fan-shaped pre-splitting hole 3 and the array angle of the main blasting hole 2 are inclined forward by 80 degrees.
In the figure: 1 is an eyebrow line, 4 is a rock slag pile, 6 is a pre-cracking hole charging part, 7 is a main hole-blasting charging part, 8 is a detonator section, and 9 is a mining roadway top plate. The section 8 of the detonator shows the condition of each section of the detonator which is subjected to differential blasting. During blasting, the blasting is performed with the fan-shaped pre-splitting hole 3 as a whole, the fan-shaped pre-splitting hole 3 is blasted by adopting 1 section of detonator, the main blasting fan-shaped hole 2 starts the detonators of the 2 nd section, the 3 rd section, the 4 th section, the 5 th section, the 6 th section and the 7 th section from the middle hole and is blasted towards two sides in a segmented mode, the differential blasting is that the fan-shaped pre-splitting hole 3 is pre-split blasted in advance to form a pre-splitting surface in advance, and the main blasting hole 2 is blasted in the back to protect an eyebrow line, reduce blasting vibration and improve the crushing effect.
Of course, the sectional caving method, that is, the technique of adding the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes and performing the simultaneous blasting in advance to form the pre-splitting surfaces, is not limited to the technique of performing the differential blasting on the main blasting holes 2, and can be used as long as the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes are performed the simultaneous blasting in advance to form the pre-splitting surfaces, and the main blasting holes are blasted after the fan-shaped holes, so that the purpose of protecting the eyebrow lines is achieved. Meanwhile, the vertical or backward inclined medium-length hole can also adopt the technology of presplitting in advance to protect the eyebrow line. Such technical changes fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A blasting method for protecting an eyebrow line by a sublevel caving method comprises sublevel stoping, rock drilling in a stoping roadway, arranging upward fan-shaped medium-length holes, blasting, stoping and ore removal, wherein the upward fan-shaped medium-length holes are main blast holes, the blasting method is characterized in that fan-shaped pre-splitting holes are drilled between the main blast holes, then explosive charging and blasting are carried out, the explosive charging is carried out by filling explosives in two side holes and a middle hole of the main blast holes, the explosive charging is carried out on the parts of other holes, the distance between the other holes and the hole opening is 10% -15% of the height of a sublevel, the explosive charging is not carried out, the explosive charging is directly blocked, and the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes are separated; the blasting adopts differential initiation, and the initiation sequence is as follows: the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes are blasted together, and the main blasting holes are blasted in a micro-difference mode from the middle hole to two sides in a subsection mode.
2. The blasting method for protecting the brow line by the sublevel caving method according to claim 1, wherein if the ore caving step is the row pitch of a row of holes, the step of drilling the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes between the main blasts is the step of drilling a row of fan-shaped pre-splitting holes in the middle of each two adjacent rows of main blasts; and if the ore caving step distance is the row distance of two rows of holes, the step of drilling the fan-shaped pre-splitting holes between the main blast holes is to drill one row of fan-shaped pre-splitting holes in the middle of every four adjacent rows of main blast holes.
3. The blasting method for protecting the brow line by the sectional caving method according to claim 1, wherein the hole depth of the fan-shaped pre-split hole is 10% -15% of the sectional height, and the hole diameter of the fan-shaped pre-split hole is 10% -15% smaller than that of the main blasting hole.
4. The blasting method for protecting an eyebrow line by sublevel caving according to claim 1, wherein the array angle of the main blasting holes is inclined forward by 75 ° to 90 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110588086.4A CN113202474B (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2021-05-28 | Blasting method for protecting eyebrow line by sectional caving method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110588086.4A CN113202474B (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2021-05-28 | Blasting method for protecting eyebrow line by sectional caving method |
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| CN113202474A true CN113202474A (en) | 2021-08-03 |
| CN113202474B CN113202474B (en) | 2023-08-11 |
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| CN202110588086.4A Active CN113202474B (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2021-05-28 | Blasting method for protecting eyebrow line by sectional caving method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113482618A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-10-08 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Mining method for assisting caving |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2230579C2 (en) * | 1972-06-06 | 1974-07-18 | Physics International Co., San Leandro, Calif. (V.St.A.) | Method for excavating cavities from a rock body and devices for carrying out the method |
| CN110779403A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-02-11 | 昆明理工大学 | Hole-by-hole initiation presplitting blasting crack forming method for open-air deep hole step presplitting hole under complex environment |
-
2021
- 2021-05-28 CN CN202110588086.4A patent/CN113202474B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2230579C2 (en) * | 1972-06-06 | 1974-07-18 | Physics International Co., San Leandro, Calif. (V.St.A.) | Method for excavating cavities from a rock body and devices for carrying out the method |
| CN110779403A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-02-11 | 昆明理工大学 | Hole-by-hole initiation presplitting blasting crack forming method for open-air deep hole step presplitting hole under complex environment |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 涂旭东等: "四方金矿回采巷道眉线破坏控制技术措施", 现代矿业, pages 194 - 196 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113482618A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-10-08 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Mining method for assisting caving |
| CN113482618B (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2023-07-25 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Mining method for assisting caving |
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| CN113202474B (en) | 2023-08-11 |
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