CN112237135A - Fertilizer and water management method for high-sugar tomato cultivation - Google Patents
Fertilizer and water management method for high-sugar tomato cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title claims description 75
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000020279 black tea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 108010028690 Fish Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 calcium sugar alcohol Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 9
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- HHEAADYXPMHMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dpph Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N]N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 HHEAADYXPMHMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 14
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 11
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000758789 Juglans Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 4
- QBSJMKIUCUGGNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoprocarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C QBSJMKIUCUGGNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 4
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000758791 Juglandaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- YKBZOVFACRVRJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinotefuran Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C(/NC)NCC1CCOC1 YKBZOVFACRVRJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JVXHQHGWBAHSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydron;iron(2+) Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JVXHQHGWBAHSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 240000008027 Akebia quinata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007756 Akebia quinata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000001398 Typha domingensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019605 sweet taste sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YTSDVWYUJXKXCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O YTSDVWYUJXKXCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizer and water management method for high-sugar tomato cultivation, which is characterized in that the Vc content, soluble solid content, soluble reducing sugar, DPPH and organic acid content of the obtained high-sugar tomato are far higher than those of products in the market by controlling the humidity, temperature, additional fertilizer, trimming and disease damage prevention and control of a seedling stage, a flowering and fruit setting stage, a fruit expanding and color changing stage, a color changing and harvesting stage and a harvesting stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tomato water and fertilizer management, and particularly relates to a water and fertilizer management method for high-sugar tomato cultivation.
Background
The tomatoes are solanaceous vegetables with high economic value and are one of the crops with the largest planting area and yield value in facility cultivation. Tomato fruits have long harvesting period and high yield, so the required soil has high nutrient content and large removal amount, sufficient nutrient supply is required, and blind fertilizer supply in production to obtain high yield is a common phenomenon. The reasonable control of the water and the fertilizer in the growth and development process of the tomatoes can not only improve the yield of the tomatoes, but also greatly improve the quality of the tomatoes. The research aims to research out appropriate fertilizer and water management measures for the high-sugar tomatoes in the growth and development process, so that the purpose of high quality and high yield of the high-sugar tomatoes is achieved.
In the production process of modern tomato agriculture, the application amount of water and fertilizer is mainly applied according to the experience of growers, and the unscientific fertilizer and water management scheme often causes the phenomenon of low utilization rate of fertilizer and water. Reasonable fertilizer and water management can not only improve the yield and quality of high-sugar tomatoes, but also reduce unreasonable agricultural investment, but no effective fertilizer and water management scheme suitable for different growth processes of tomatoes exists at present, and the fertilizer and water management process is particularly used for improving the quality of the tomatoes.
Therefore, how to provide a fertilizer and water management method for high-sugar tomato cultivation, which ensures the yield and improves the quality, is a problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a fertilizer and water management method for high-sugar tomato cultivation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fertilizer and water management method for high-sugar tomato cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling stage management: the temperature is controlled to be 24-27 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night and 70-75% of humidity;
the seedling stage is generally 5-10 days, and water and fertilizer are not applied at the stage;
(2) and (3) management in the flowering and fruit setting period: controlling the temperature at 22-25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature at 13-16 ℃ at night and the humidity at 65-70%, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers;
(3) fruit expansion and color transition period management: controlling the temperature at 27-30 ℃ in the daytime, controlling the temperature at 16-19 ℃ at night and controlling the humidity at 62-67%, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic fertilizer and calcium fertilizer;
(4) color conversion and harvest time management: controlling the temperature at 27-30 ℃ in the daytime, controlling the temperature at 16-19 ℃ at night and controlling the humidity at 57-62%, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers;
(5) fruit harvesting management: the temperature in the daytime is more than 25 ℃, the temperature at night is more than 10 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 62-67%;
the method also comprises two steps before seedling management: preparing before planting and managing a planting period;
preparation before planting: comprises the inspection and installation of facilities and equipment, a smoking shed and a high-temperature stewing shed;
and (3) checking and mounting equipment: comprises the maintenance and installation of greenhouse equipment such as greenhouse films, air release devices, insect-proof nets, gardening ground fabrics, cultivation tanks, curtain supporting lines, drip irrigation equipment and the like;
fumigating shed and high-temperature braising shed: carrying out fumigation treatment by adopting the isoprocarb and the chlorothalonil;
the mass ratio of the dinotefuran to the chlorothalonil is 1: 1;
the dosage is 90g/667m2；
The greenhouse closing temperature is more than or equal to 70 ℃, and the greenhouse closing time is more than or equal to 10 days;
managing a planting period: comprises seedling age selection, culture medium humidity selection, field planting and seedling revival;
and (4) seedling age: healthy seedlings which are disease-free, insect-free, tidy, solid, four-leaf and one-heart to five-leaf and one-heart are selected, if the seedlings have the phenomenon of excessive growth, horizontal planting and inclined cutting are adopted, and the heights of the excessive growth seedlings and normal seedlings are basically kept consistent;
the humidity of the culture medium before field planting is controlled to be 70-75 percent;
the distance between seedlings is preferably 30-35 cm;
seedling revival: watering continuously after planting to control the humidity of the matrix to be 80-85%;
the organic fertilizer comprises: fish protein, algin and black tea fungus;
managing in flowering and fruit setting periods, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are total nitrogen in a mass ratio: water-soluble phosphorus: the water-soluble potassium is 1:1: 1; the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: algin: the ratio of the black tea fungus is 1:1: 1.
Fruit expansion and color transition period management, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are total nitrogen in a mass ratio: water-soluble phosphorus: the water-soluble potassium is mixed in a ratio of 1:2: 2; the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: algin: the ratio of the black tea fungus to the black tea fungus is 1:1: 1; the calcium fertilizer is calcium sugar alcohol.
Color conversion and harvest period management, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are total nitrogen in mass ratio: water-soluble phosphorus: the water-soluble potassium is mixed in a ratio of 1:2: 2; the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: algin: the ratio of the black tea fungus is 1:1: 1.
Preparing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to the proportion, and applying 5-10kg of the fertilizer in each time; diluting the organic fertilizer prepared according to the proportion by 800-1000 times, and applying 10L each time;
preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is (NH)4)2SO4And urea;
preferably, the water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is P2O5；
Preferably, the water-soluble potassium is K2O；
Preparing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to a proportion, and performing flushing application once within 15-20 days;
the organic fertilizer prepared according to the proportion is applied once every 15 to 20 days;
preparing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to the proportion, and applying 5-10kg of the fertilizer in each time; diluting the organic fertilizer prepared according to the proportion by 800-1000 times, and applying 10L each time; the calcium fertilizer is diluted by 800 times and 1000 times, and 110ml is used each time;
when the transverse diameter and the longitudinal diameter of the first fruit are about 2-3cm and about the size of the walnut, topdressing is carried out;
preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is (NH)4)2SO4And urea;
preferably, the water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is P2O5；
Preferably, the water-soluble potassium is K2O；
Preparing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to a proportion, and performing flushing application once within 15-20 days;
preparing organic fertilizer according to a certain proportion, and applying the organic fertilizer once in 15-20 days;
preferably, the calcium fertilizer is calcium glucitol, and Ca + Mg is not less than 100 g/L;
spraying the calcium fertilizer once every 15-20 days;
spraying for 2-3 times in the growth cycle of the calcium fertilizer;
the growth cycle is from the late stage of flowering to the fruit expansion period;
the calcium fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves;
preparing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to the proportion, and applying 5-10kg of the fertilizer in each time; diluting the organic fertilizer prepared according to the proportion by 800-1000 times, and applying 10L each time;
preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is (NH)4)2SO4And urea;
preferably, the water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is P2O5；
Preferably, the water-soluble potassium is K2O；
Preparing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to a proportion, and performing flushing application once within 15-20 days;
preparing organic fertilizer according to a certain proportion, and applying the organic fertilizer once in 15-20 days;
paying attention to flower thinning and fruit thinning during the whole period from the blooming of the tomato to the fruit sitting, wherein 5-8 flower buds are reserved in each cluster inflorescence and the sepals of the flower buds are 5-7; thinning fruits keeps 4-6 fruits per ear.
Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests
And (3) ozone water sterilization and disinfection: spraying ozone water on the ground of the greenhouse and the surfaces of the plants every 5 to 7 days;
spraying ozone water has a certain insect expelling effect;
a red backboard: 20 pieces of red backboard are hung in the middle of greenhouse for catching and luring pests.
In conclusion, the invention solves the problem that no systematic water and fertilizer management flow exists in the conventional high-sugar tomato cultivation management, the high-sugar tomatoes produced by adopting the high-sugar tomato water and fertilizer management flow not only ensure the yield, but also greatly improve the quality, and the Vc content, the soluble solid content, the soluble reducing sugar, the DPPH content and the organic acid content of the obtained tomatoes are far higher than those of products in the market.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Culturing and preparing
The organic biofertilizer is a BMC microbial agent (special for fruits and vegetables) and is purchased from Hubei wu Erli bioengineering GmbH; the fertilizer special for the high-sugar tomatoes is purchased from Shanghai Yongtong ecological engineering GmbH; the fish protein was purchased from Ningbo sea cattail biology, Inc.; the algin is purchased from Wehai City Generation Marine Biotechnology Ltd; self-made black tea fungus; the black tea fungus membrane is purchased from Taiyuan black tea fungus biotechnology limited; the tomato variety is '181' (the effect of the concentration of the nutrient solution on the content of mineral elements in the fruit of the substrate cultivated tomato, reported by university of Gansu agriculture, No. 2 of 4 months in 2020, Jinli, etc.), and the following examples were carried out with this variety.
The preparation method of the black tea fungus self-fermentation liquid comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing raw materials of rock candy, tea and water according to the ratio of 5: 0.2: 100 to obtain a mixed solution A after mixing,
(2) inoculating a black tea fungus membrane when the temperature of the mixed solution A is reduced by 32 ℃ to obtain mixed solution B;
(3) and (4) placing the mixed liquor B in an environment with the temperature of 27 ℃ for standing culture for 14d until no sweet taste exists, and ending the fermentation.
Wherein, the inoculation amount in the step (2) is as follows: every 5L of the mixture A was inoculated with black tea fungus membrane of 15 cm. times.15 cm. times.1 cm.
The special culture medium for the high-sugar tomatoes comprises the following components:
(1) mixing turf, vermiculite and perlite according to a ratio of 10:5:1, and uniformly stirring to obtain a main high-sugar tomato culture medium;
(2) 500g/m of high-sugar tomato main culture medium is added3Uniformly stirring the lime to obtain a high-sugar tomato lime culture medium;
(3) adding 3kg/m into high sugar tomato lime culture medium3High-sugar tomato special fertilizer (shown in table 1) and 300g/m3And (3) uniformly stirring the organic biofertilizer to obtain the special high-sugar tomato culture medium.
Table 1 high sugar tomato fertilizer ingredient content (%)
| Total nitrogen (N) | ≥20 |
| Water-soluble phosphorus (P2O5) | ≥20 |
| Water soluble potassium (K2O) | ≥20 |
| EDTA-copper (Cu) | ≥0.05 |
| EDTA-iron (Fe) | ≥0.1 |
| EDTA-manganese (Mn) | ≥0.1 |
| EDTA-zinc (Zn) | ≥0.1 |
| Boron (B) | ≥0.15 |
Example 1
Preparation before planting
Inspection and installation of facility equipment: overhauling and installing greenhouse equipment such as greenhouse films, air release devices, insect-proof nets, gardening ground fabrics, cultivation grooves, curtain supporting lines, drip irrigation equipment and the like;
fumigating a shed and high-temperature closing the shed: mixing the dinotefuran isoprocarb and the chlorothalonil in a mass ratio of 1:1, and then performing fumigation treatment to obtain a mixture with a total amount of 90g/667m2The continuous sunny weather is selected for covering the greenhouse, the temperature of the covered greenhouse is set to be 70 ℃, and the time of covering the greenhouse is 10 days;
preparation of a matrix: filling the culture tank with the uniformly stirred special culture medium for the high-sugar tomatoes, lightly compacting the culture medium and adding the culture medium to a position 2cm away from the top of the culture tank;
management of field planting stage
And (4) seedling age: healthy seedlings (no disease, no insect, neat, strong) from four leaves and one heart to five leaves and one heart are selected. If the seedlings grow in vain, the horizontal planting inclined transplanting can be adopted, so that the heights of the vain-grown seedlings and normal seedlings are basically kept consistent;
watering before planting: controlling the humidity of the substrate at 70%;
planting: the planting time of the tomatoes is generally from 8 months end to 9 months early, and the seedling spacing is preferably 30cm after afternoon in rainy days or sunny days;
watering and seedling-reviving water: after planting, continuously watering to control the humidity of the matrix at 80%, so that the matrix is better contacted with the seedlings, and the seedling reviving and rooting are more facilitated;
management of seedling stage
The seedling recovering period is 5 days, fertilization is not needed in the seedling recovering period generally, the humidity of the substrate is maintained at 70%, the temperature needs to be paid attention during the seedling recovering period, the temperature is preferably 24 ℃ in the daytime and is preferably 15 ℃ at night, and measures such as ventilation and the like can be adopted for cooling properly.
Management of flowering and fruit setting period
Substrate humidity: gradually reducing the substrate humidity in the stage to reduce the substrate humidity to 65%; the daytime temperature was controlled at 22 ℃ and the nighttime temperature was controlled at 13 ℃.
1) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied by flushing. Will [ (NH)4)2SO4Urea, urea]Water-soluble phosphorus (P)2O5) And water soluble potassium (K)2O) is prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, the prepared fertilizer is applied by flushing through a fertilizer applicator with the proportion of 1:100, and the fertilizer is applied every 630m2Applying 5-10kg of the mixture by water, and applying the mixture once after 15-20 days.
2) Applying organic fertilizer specially for high sugar tomato. Mixing fish protein, algin and black tea fungus at a mass ratio of 1:1:1, diluting by 800 times, and applying with water at a concentration of 630m2The dosage is 10L, and the application is performed every 15d for 1 time.
Fruit enlargement and color transition period management
Substrate humidity: in the stage, the humidity of the substrate is continuously reduced, the influence on the yield is noticed while the taste of the high-sugar tomatoes is improved, and the humidity of the substrate is reduced to 62% in the stage; the daytime temperature was controlled at 27 ℃ and the nighttime temperature was controlled at 16 ℃.
When the first fruit reaches the walnut size, namely the transverse diameter and the longitudinal diameter are about 2cm, the consumption of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer needs to be supplemented at the stage.
1) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied by flushing. Will [ (NH)4)2SO4Urea, urea]Water-soluble phosphorus (P)2O5) and water-soluble potassium (K)2O) is prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:2:2, the prepared fertilizer is applied by flushing through a fertilizer applicator with the proportion of 1:100, and the fertilizer is applied every 630m2The mixture is applied by water for 5kg and is applied by water for 15 days.
2) The special use of the high-sugar tomato by water is thatAnd (4) organic fertilizer. Mixing fish protein, algin and black tea fungus at a mass ratio of 1:1:1, diluting by 800 times, and applying with water at a concentration of 630m2The dosage is 10L, and the application is performed every 15d for 1 time.
3) Spraying a foliage organic fertilizer containing calcium element on the foliage. Diluting the calcium sugar alcohol (Ca + Mg is more than or equal to 100g/L) by 800 times, and every 630m2The dosage is about 110ml, the spraying period is 15d, and the spraying is carried out for 2 times in the whole growth period.
Color change and harvest time management
Substrate humidity: in the stage, in order to improve the taste of the high-sugar tomatoes, the humidity of the matrix is required to be continuously reduced to 57%, the temperature is controlled to be 27 ℃ in the daytime and 16 ℃ at night, and in order to improve the taste of the fruits, the fruits are not watered 3 days before picking.
1) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied by flushing. Will [ (NH)4)2SO4Urea, urea]Water-soluble phosphorus (P)2O5) and water-soluble potassium (K)2O) is prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, the prepared fertilizer is applied by flushing through a fertilizer applicator with the proportion of 1:100, and the fertilizer is applied every 630m2The mixture is applied by water for 5kg and is applied by water for 15 days.
2) Applying organic fertilizer specially for high sugar tomato. Mixing fish protein, algin and black tea fungus at a mass ratio of 1:1:1, diluting by 800 times, and applying with water at a concentration of 630m2The dosage is 10L, and the application is performed every 15d for 1 time.
Harvesting period management
During the period, the temperature is more than 25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is more than 10 ℃ at night, and the humidity is controlled at 62%; after the fruits enter the harvesting period, the first cluster fruits can be harvested 3 days after the complete color change, the fruits of other clusters are harvested 7 days after the complete color change, and the harvesting time is preferably to harvest in the early morning with low temperature, wherein the temperature is lower than 20 ℃.
Flower and fruit thinning: thinning flowers and fruits from the blooming period of the tomatoes to the fruit sitting period;
flower thinning: selecting 5 normal and strong buds from inflorescences of each cluster, removing all the other buds, and obtaining 5 sepals of the normal buds;
thinning fruits: after each cluster of fruits is set for more than 4 walnuts, deformed fruits, special effects and the like are removed, and 4 high-quality fruits without obvious defects are reserved.
And (3) pest control: the whole process of disease and insect pest control
And (3) ozone water sterilization and disinfection: and (4) spraying ozone water on the ground of the greenhouse and the surface of the plant every 5 days in combination with the growth condition of the tomatoes in the greenhouse.
A red backboard: 20 pieces of red backboard are hung in the middle of greenhouse for catching and luring pests.
After picking, the Vc content, soluble solids, soluble reducing sugars, DPPH and organic acid content of the high-sugar tomatoes were counted, and the results are shown in table 3.
Example 2
Preparation before planting
Inspection and installation of facility equipment: overhauling and installing greenhouse equipment such as greenhouse films, air release devices, insect-proof nets, gardening ground fabrics, cultivation grooves, curtain supporting lines, drip irrigation equipment and the like;
fumigating a shed and high-temperature closing the shed: the method comprises the steps of fumigating a greenhouse by using isoprocarb and chlorothalonil with the dosage of 90g/667m2The continuous sunny weather is selected for covering the greenhouse, the temperature of the covered greenhouse is set at 90 ℃, and the greenhouse covering time is 15 days;
preparation of a matrix: filling the culture tank with the uniformly stirred special culture medium for the high-sugar tomatoes, lightly compacting the culture medium and adding the culture medium to a position 2cm away from the top of the culture tank;
management of field planting stage
And (4) seedling age: healthy seedlings (no disease, no insect, neat, strong) from four leaves and one heart to five leaves and one heart are selected. If the seedlings grow in vain, the horizontal planting inclined transplanting can be adopted, so that the heights of the vain-grown seedlings and normal seedlings are basically kept consistent;
watering before planting: the humidity of the substrate is controlled to be 75%;
planting: the planting time of the tomatoes is generally from 8 months end to 9 months early, and the seedling spacing is preferably 35cm after afternoon in rainy days or sunny days;
watering and seedling-reviving water: after planting, continuously watering to ensure that the humidity of the matrix reaches 85 percent, so that the matrix is better contacted with the seedlings, and the seedling reviving and rooting are more facilitated;
management of seedling stage
The seedling recovering period is 10 days, fertilization is not needed in the seedling recovering period generally, the humidity of the substrate is maintained between 75%, the temperature needs to be paid attention during the seedling recovering period, the temperature is preferably 27 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night, and measures such as ventilation and the like can be adopted for cooling properly.
Management of flowering and fruit setting period
Substrate humidity: gradually reducing the substrate humidity in the stage to 70%; the temperature was controlled at 25 ℃ during the day and 16 ℃ during the night.
3) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied by flushing. Will [ (NH)4)2SO4Urea, urea]Water-soluble phosphorus (P)2O5) and water-soluble potassium (K)2O) is prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the prepared fertilizer is applied by 10kg every time and is applied by 20 days.
4) Applying organic fertilizer specially for high sugar tomato. The fish protein, the algin and the black tea fungus are prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, diluted by 1000 times and applied with water, the dosage is 10L each time, and the application is carried out with water for 1 time every 20 days.
Fruit enlargement and color transition period management
Substrate humidity: in the stage, the humidity of the substrate is continuously reduced, the influence on the yield is noticed while the taste of the high-sugar tomatoes is improved, and the humidity of the substrate is reduced to 67% in the stage; the temperature was controlled at 30 ℃ during the day and 19 ℃ during the night. When the first fruit reaches the walnut size, namely the transverse diameter and the longitudinal diameter are about 3cm, the consumption of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer needs to be supplemented at the stage.
1) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied by flushing. Will [ (NH)4)2SO4Urea, urea]Water-soluble phosphorus (P)2O5) and water-soluble potassium (K)2O) is prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:2:2, and the prepared fertilizer is applied by 10kg every time and is applied by 20 days.
2) Applying organic fertilizer specially for high sugar tomato. The fish protein, the algin and the black tea fungus are prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, diluted by 1000 times and applied with water, the dosage is 10L each time, and the application is carried out with water for 1 time every 20 days.
3) Spraying a foliage organic fertilizer containing calcium element on the foliage. Diluting the calcium sugar alcohol (Ca + Mg is more than or equal to 100g/L) by 1000 times, wherein the dosage is about 110ml each time, the spraying period is 20d, and the whole growth period is sprayed for 3 times.
Color change and harvest time management
Substrate humidity: in the stage, the humidity of the matrix is required to be reduced continuously in order to improve the taste of the high-sugar tomatoes, the humidity of the matrix is reduced to 62%, the temperature is controlled at 30 ℃ in the daytime and 19 ℃ at night, and watering is not carried out 3 days before the fruits are harvested in order to improve the taste of the fruits.
1) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied by flushing. Will [ (NH)4)2SO4Urea, urea]Water-soluble phosphorus (P)2O5) and water-soluble potassium (K)2O) is prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the prepared fertilizer is applied by 10kg every time and is applied by 20 days.
Applying organic fertilizer specially for high sugar tomato. The fish protein, the algin and the black tea fungus are prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, diluted by 1000 times and applied with water, the dosage is 10L each time, and the application is carried out with water for 1 time every 20 days.
Harvesting period management
During the period, the temperature is more than 25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is more than 10 ℃ at night, and the humidity is controlled at 67%; after the fruits enter the harvesting period, harvesting the first cluster fruits 5 days after the complete color change, harvesting the other cluster fruits 10 days after the complete color change, and preferably harvesting in the early morning with low temperature, wherein the temperature is lower than 20 ℃.
Flower and fruit thinning: thinning flowers and fruits from the blooming period of the tomatoes to the fruit sitting period;
flower thinning: selecting 8 normal and strong buds from inflorescences of each cluster, removing all the other buds, and obtaining 7 sepals of the normal buds;
thinning fruits: after more than 4 walnuts with the size are set in each cluster of fruits, malformed fruits, special fruits and the like are removed, and 6 high-quality fruits without obvious defects are reserved.
And (3) pest control: disease and pest control is carried out in the whole process
And (3) ozone water sterilization and disinfection: and (4) spraying ozone water on the ground of the greenhouse and the surface of the plant every 7 days in combination with the growth condition of the tomatoes in the greenhouse.
A red backboard: 20 pieces of red backboard are hung in the middle of greenhouse for catching and luring pests.
After picking, the Vc content, soluble solids, soluble reducing sugars, DPPH and organic acid content of the high-sugar tomatoes were counted, and the results are shown in table 3.
Example 3
Preparation before planting
Inspection and installation of facility equipment: overhauling and installing greenhouse equipment such as greenhouse films, air release devices, insect-proof nets, gardening ground fabrics, cultivation grooves, curtain supporting lines, drip irrigation equipment and the like;
fumigating a shed and high-temperature closing the shed: the method comprises the steps of fumigating a greenhouse by using isoprocarb and chlorothalonil with the dosage of 90g/667m2The continuous sunny weather is selected for covering the greenhouse, the temperature of the covered greenhouse is set at 80 ℃, and the greenhouse covering time is 13 days;
preparation of a matrix: filling the culture tank with the uniformly stirred special culture medium for the high-sugar tomatoes, lightly compacting the culture medium and adding the culture medium to a position 2cm away from the top of the culture tank;
management of field planting stage
And (4) seedling age: healthy seedlings (no disease, no insect, neat, strong) from four leaves and one heart to five leaves and one heart are selected. If the seedlings grow in vain, the horizontal planting inclined transplanting can be adopted, so that the heights of the vain-grown seedlings and normal seedlings are basically kept consistent;
watering before planting: the humidity of the substrate is controlled to be between 73%;
planting: the planting time of the tomatoes is generally from 8 months end to 9 months early, and the seedling spacing is preferably 33cm after afternoon in rainy days or sunny days;
watering and seedling-reviving water: after planting, continuously watering to ensure that the humidity of the matrix reaches 83 percent, so that the matrix is better contacted with the seedlings, and the seedling reviving and rooting are more facilitated;
management of seedling stage
The seedling recovering period is 7 days, fertilization is not needed in the seedling recovering period generally, the humidity of the substrate is maintained between 73%, the temperature needs to be paid attention during the seedling recovering period, the temperature is preferably 25 ℃ in the daytime and is preferably 16 ℃ at night, and measures such as ventilation and the like can be adopted for cooling properly.
Management of flowering and fruit setting period
Substrate humidity: gradually reducing the substrate humidity in the stage to 67%; the temperature was controlled at 24 ℃ during the day and 15 ℃ during the night.
1) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied by flushing. Will [ (NH)4)2SO4Urea, urea]Water-soluble phosphorus (P)2O5) and water-soluble potassium (K)2O) is prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the prepared fertilizer is applied by 5-10kg every time and is applied by flushing for 15-20 days.
2) Applying organic fertilizer specially for high sugar tomato. The fish protein, the algin and the black tea fungus are prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, diluted by 900 times and applied with water, the dosage is 10L each time, and the application is performed with water 1 time every 17 days.
Fruit enlargement and color transition period management
Substrate humidity: in the stage, the humidity of the substrate is continuously reduced, the influence on the yield is noticed while the taste of the high-sugar tomatoes is improved, and the humidity of the substrate is reduced to 65 percent in the stage; the daytime temperature was controlled at 28 ℃ and the nighttime temperature at 18 ℃.
When the first fruit reaches the walnut size, namely the transverse diameter and the longitudinal diameter are about 3cm, the consumption of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer needs to be supplemented at the stage.
1) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied by flushing. Will [ (NH)4)2SO4Urea, urea]Water-soluble phosphorus (P)2O5) and water-soluble potassium (K)2O) is prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:2:2, and the prepared fertilizer is applied by water 7kg each time and is applied by water once in 17 days.
2) Applying organic fertilizer specially for high sugar tomato. The fish protein, the algin and the black tea fungus are prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, diluted by 900 times and applied with water, the dosage is 10L each time, and the application is performed with water 1 time every 17 days.
3) Spraying a foliage organic fertilizer containing calcium element on the foliage. Diluting the calcium sugar alcohol (Ca + Mg is more than or equal to 100g/L) by 900 times, wherein the dosage is about 110ml each time, the spraying period is 17d, and the spraying is carried out for 3 times in the whole growth period.
Color change and harvest time management
Substrate humidity: in the stage, in order to improve the taste of the high-sugar tomatoes, the humidity of the matrix is required to be continuously reduced to 60%, the temperature is controlled to be 28 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night, and watering is not carried out 3 days before the fruits are harvested in order to improve the taste of the fruits.
1) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied by flushing. Will [ (NH)4)2SO4Urea, urea]Water-soluble phosphorus (P)2O5) and water-soluble potassium (K)2O) is prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the prepared fertilizer is applied by water 7kg each time and is applied by water once in 17 days.
Applying organic fertilizer specially for high sugar tomato. The fish protein, the algin and the black tea fungus are prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, diluted by 900 times and applied with water, the dosage is 10L each time, and the application is performed with water 1 time every 17 days.
Harvesting period management
During the period, the temperature is more than 25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is more than 10 ℃ at night, and the humidity is controlled at 65%; after the fruits enter the harvesting period, the first cluster fruits can be harvested 4 days after the complete color change, the fruits of other clusters are harvested within 8 days after the complete color change, and the harvesting time is preferably to harvest in the early morning with low temperature, wherein the temperature is lower than 20 ℃.
Flower and fruit thinning: thinning flowers and fruits from the blooming period of the tomatoes to the fruit sitting period;
flower thinning: selecting 6 normal and strong buds from inflorescences of each cluster, removing all the other buds, and obtaining 6 sepals of the normal buds;
thinning fruits: after more than 4 walnuts with the size are set in each cluster of fruits, deformed fruits, special fruits and the like are removed, and 5 high-quality fruits without obvious defects are reserved.
And (3) pest control: disease and pest control is carried out in the whole process
And (3) ozone water sterilization and disinfection: and (4) spraying ozone water on the ground of the greenhouse and the surface of the plant every 6 days in combination with the growth condition of the tomatoes in the greenhouse.
A red backboard: 20 pieces of red backboard are hung in the middle of greenhouse for catching and luring pests.
After picking, the Vc content, soluble solids, soluble reducing sugar, DPPH and organic acid content of the high-sugar tomatoes were counted, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the above-described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A fertilizer and water management method for high-sugar tomato cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seedling stage management: the temperature is controlled to be 24-27 ℃ in the daytime, 15-18 ℃ at night and 70-75% of humidity;
(2) and (3) management in the flowering and fruit setting period: controlling the temperature at 22-25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature at 13-16 ℃ at night and the humidity at 65-70%, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers;
(3) fruit expansion and color transition period management: controlling the temperature at 27-30 ℃ in the daytime, controlling the temperature at 16-19 ℃ at night and controlling the humidity at 62-67%, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic fertilizer and calcium fertilizer;
(4) color conversion and harvest time management: controlling the temperature at 27-30 ℃ in the daytime, controlling the temperature at 16-19 ℃ at night and controlling the temperature at 57-62%, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers;
(5) fruit harvesting management: the temperature in the daytime is more than 25 ℃, the temperature at night is more than 10 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 62-67%.
2. The method for managing the fertilizer and water in the cultivation of the high-sugar tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, further comprising two steps before the seedling stage management: preparing before planting and managing a planting period.
3. The method for managing the fertilizer and water for cultivating the high-sugar tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises: fish protein, algin and black tea fungus.
4. The method for managing the fertilizer and water for the cultivation of the high-sugar tomatoes as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the management is carried out in the flowering and fruit setting period, and the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are taken as the following components in percentage by mass: water-soluble phosphorus: the water-soluble potassium is 1:1: 1; the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: algin: the ratio of the black tea fungus is 1:1: 1.
5. The method for managing the fertilizer and water for the cultivation of the high-sugar tomatoes as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the fruit expansion and color transition period management is carried out, and the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are mixed according to the mass ratio of total nitrogen: water-soluble phosphorus: the water-soluble potassium is mixed in a ratio of 1:2: 2; the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: algin: the ratio of the black tea fungus to the black tea fungus is 1:1: 1; the calcium fertilizer is calcium sugar alcohol.
6. The method for managing the fertilizer and water for cultivating the high-sugar tomatoes as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the color conversion and harvesting period management is carried out, and the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are taken as the following components in percentage by mass: water-soluble phosphorus: the water-soluble potassium is mixed in a ratio of 1:2: 2; the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: algin: the ratio of the black tea fungus is 1:1: 1.
7. The method for managing the fertilizer and water for the cultivation of the high-sugar tomatoes as claimed in claim 4, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are proportionally prepared and applied in an amount of 5-10kg each time; the organic fertilizer is diluted by 800 times and 1000 times, and 10L of the organic fertilizer is applied each time.
8. The method for managing the fertilizer and water for the cultivation of the high-sugar tomatoes as claimed in claim 5, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are proportionally prepared and applied in 5-10kg per time; diluting the organic fertilizer by 800 times and 1000 times, and applying 10L each time; the calcium fertilizer is diluted by 800 times and 1000 times, and 110ml is used each time.
9. The method for managing the fertilizer and water for the cultivation of the high-sugar tomatoes as claimed in claim 6, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are proportionally prepared and applied in 5-10kg each time; the organic fertilizer is diluted by 800 times and 1000 times, and 10L of the organic fertilizer is applied each time.
10. The method for fertilizer and water management in cultivation of high sugar tomato as claimed in claim 1, wherein flower thinning and fruit thinning are performed from the time of tomato blossoming to the time of fruit sitting, wherein 5-8 flower buds are left for each panicle inflorescence, and the sepals of the flower buds are 5-7; thinning fruits keeps 4-6 fruits per ear.
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