CN112997931A - Artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate - Google Patents

Artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate Download PDF

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CN112997931A
CN112997931A CN202110350402.4A CN202110350402A CN112997931A CN 112997931 A CN112997931 A CN 112997931A CN 202110350402 A CN202110350402 A CN 202110350402A CN 112997931 A CN112997931 A CN 112997931A
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days
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survival rate
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蔡春有
黄春仁
蔡建顺
蔡有森
李伟
蔡四川
陈贞年
蔡金泉
蔡惠明
王景宝
蔡智怀
陈艺斌
刘赐福
蔡艺新
陈猛猛
吴光灿
罗磊
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Hainan Chenhai Aquatic Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A23K20/121—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate. The method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a seedling raising pond; 2) seedling distribution: putting the newly hatched larval fish; 3) regulating and controlling environmental factors during seedling culture: 3-15 days old fry, and the pH value of the water body is 6.5-6.8; 16-60 days old, pH8.2-8.5; during seedling raising, the salinity is kept to be 25-33 per thousand, the water temperature is kept to be 15-35 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 5 mg/L; 4) feeding: feeding rotifers to 3-12-day-old fish fries; feeding artemia nauplii at the age of 13-20 days; feeding artificial feed for 13-60 days old; the artificial feed comprises the following components: white fish meal, corn protamine, antarctic krill powder, spirulina powder, cuttlefish oil, lecithin, puerarin, yucca saponin, compound vitamin and feed adhesive. The method can achieve the survival rate of more than 96 percent, the fish body length of the fry in 60 days reaches about 46-55 mm, and the growth speed is improved by at least 30 percent compared with the conventional method, so that the scheme of the invention realizes the high survival rate and the high growth rate of the yellow fin sea bream fry.

Description

Artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish culture, and particularly relates to an artificial breeding method of yellow fin sea bream with high survival rate and high growth rate.
Background
The yellow-fin spine sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus) is a sea fish of Acanthopagrus in the family of Pagruaceae and genus Acanthopagrus, commonly known as yellowtail, yellowfoot, yellow wall, red wing, etc., and is mainly distributed in coastal areas such as Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, etc. The yellow fin spine porgy has rich nutrition, delicious meat quality and high economic value, is well loved by consumers and plays an important role in the mariculture industry. At present, the seedling raising conditions of the yellow fin spine sea bream mainly include that the water temperature is 16-23 ℃, the salinity is 25-33 per thousand, the pH is 7.0-8.0, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 4mg/L, a high survival rate can be obtained under the conditions, but the growth speed is low, the fish length can only reach about 3-4 cm after 60 days of seedling raising, and the requirement of artificial breeding is difficult to meet, so that the artificial seedling raising method of the yellow fin spine sea bream with high survival rate and high growth rate is continuously sought. In addition, extreme weather of high temperature is easy to appear in south China, adult yellow fin sea breams can resist low temperature of 8 ℃ and high temperature of 35 ℃ in a short time, but the temperature suitable for juvenile fish is narrow, the temperature suitable for juvenile fish to live is 9-30 ℃, and the optimal temperature for juvenile fish to grow is 15-27 ℃. The water temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the seedlings show high temperature syndrome and die in a large scale. Therefore, the problem of how to improve the high temperature resistance of the sparus latus fries and reduce the high temperature stress response of the sparus latus fries is also a concern.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to solve the above problems and provide an artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate.
The scheme of the invention comprises the following aspects:
an artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a seedling raising pond;
2) seedling distribution: putting the newly hatched larval fish;
3) regulating and controlling environmental factors during seedling culture;
3-15 days old fry, and the pH value of the water body is 6.5-6.8; 16-60 days old, pH8.2-8.5;
during seedling raising, the salinity is kept to be 25-33, the water temperature is 15-25 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 5 mg/L;
4) feeding:
feeding rotifers to 3-12-day-old fish fries;
feeding artemia nauplii at the age of 13-20 days;
feeding artificial feed for 13-60 days old;
the artificial feed comprises the following components: white fish meal, corn protamine, antarctic krill powder, spirulina powder, cuttlefish oil, lecithin, puerarin, yucca saponin, compound vitamin and feed adhesive.
Preferably, step 1), adding chlorella into the seedling pond, and keeping the density of the chlorella in water at 40X 10 during seedling culture4～50×104one/mL.
Preferably, the breeding density of the newly hatched fries is not higher than 3 ten thousand tails/m in step 2)3。
Preferably, the amount of the rotifers fed every time is 20-30 rotifers/mL; the amount of the artemia nauplii fed each time is 1-2 per mL; the amount of the artificial feed fed in each time is 2-3% of the mass of the fish body.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the puerarin to the yucca saponin is 1 (0.5-4).
Preferably, when the water temperature is 35 ℃, the salinity is 30-33 per mill
Preferably, the artificial feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of white fish meal, 15-25 parts of corn protamine, 12-15 parts of antarctic krill powder, 3-7 parts of spirulina powder, 3-7 parts of cuttlefish oil, 0.5-1.0 part of lecithin, 0.5-1.2 parts of puerarin, 0.3-0.8 part of yucca saponin, 0.5-1.0 part of vitamin complex and 1-5 parts of feed adhesive.
Preferably, the particle size of the artificial feed is 0.1-1 mm. The feed is fed with small particles in the early stage, and the particle size of the feed particles can be properly increased along with the growth of the fish body in the later stage.
Preferably, the multivitamins include vitamin B1Vitamin B2Vitamin B6Vitamin B12Inositol, calcium pantothenate, biotin, vitamin K, nicotinic acid, vitamin A, and vitamin D3And vitamin E.
Preferably, the vitamin complex comprises the following components in parts by weight: vitamin B10.025 parts of vitamin B20.1 portion of vitamin B60.075 part of vitamin B120.5 part and 5.5 parts of inositol0.20 portion of calcium pantothenate, 0.25 portion of biotin, 23.5 portions of vitamin K, 0.13 portion of nicotinic acid, 0.20 portion of vitamin A and vitamin D30.88 portion and 1.2 portions of vitamin E.
Preferably, water is changed every day during seedling culture, and the water change amount is 20-60% of the water body. The water change amount should be low before 20 days of age and high after 20 days of age.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method can achieve the survival rate of more than 96 percent, the fish body length of the fry in 60 days reaches about 46-55 mm, and the growth speed is improved by at least 30 percent compared with the conventional method, so that the scheme of the invention realizes the high survival rate and the high growth rate of the yellow fin sea bream fry.
Under the condition of continuous high temperature, the metabolism, growth, development, immunity, disease resistance and other physiological activities of the juvenile sparus latus are weakened, and the juvenile sparus latus shows hyperthermia and finally dies. The invention can reduce the high-temperature stress reaction of the fry, enhance the disease resistance of the fry, avoid high temperature diseases and reduce the death rate under the high temperature condition.
The change of the environmental factors has certain influence on the high temperature disease resistance of the fish body. Wherein, the pH value of the water body is lower than 7.0 (namely 6.5-6.8) at 3-15 days of age, and is higher than 8.0 (namely 8.2-8.5) at 16-60 days of age. Under the environmental condition, the high temperature resistance of the fish body can be effectively excited, the activity of the responding enzyme is improved, and the survival rate of the fish body under the high temperature condition is improved.
The invention discovers that the high-temperature stress resistance of the fish body can be improved by adding puerarin and yucca saponin into the artificial feed, and when the ratio of the puerarin to the yucca saponin is 1: 0.5-4, the high-temperature disease resistance of the fish body is higher, and the death rate is 8.8-11.1%.
In the test process, the salinity is improved to 30-33 per thousand when the water temperature is 35 ℃, and the death rate can be effectively reduced by about 3%.
Drawings
FIG. 1: growth curves of each example and comparative example during seedling raising.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The sources of all the components in the artificial feed are commercially available.
The compound vitamins described in the following examples were selected in the following proportions10.025g and vitamin B20.1g, vitamin B60.075g of vitamin B120.5g, inositol 5.5g, calcium pantothenate 0.20g, biotin 0.25g, vitamin K23.5 g, nicotinic acid 0.13g, vitamin A0.20 g, and vitamin D30.88g and vitamin E1.2g.
Example 1
An artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a seedling raising pond: adding Chlorella into indoor cement pond, and maintaining the density of Chlorella in water at 40 × 10 during seedling culture4～50×104Per mL;
2) seedling distribution: placing the newly hatched fries, wherein the breeding density of the newly hatched fries is 3 ten thousand tails/m3；
3) Regulating and controlling environmental factors during seedling culture:
3-15 days old fry, and the pH value of the water body is 6.5-6.8; 16-60 days old, pH8.2-8.5;
during seedling raising, the salinity is kept to be 25-30 per thousand, the water temperature is kept to be 15-25 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 5 mg/L;
changing water every day, wherein the water change amount is 20-30% before 20 days of age, and the water change amount is 50-60% after 20-60 days of age.
4) Feeding:
and feeding the 3-day-old fish fries without feeding the 3-day-old fish fries. The feeding standard is as follows:
feeding rotifers at 3-12 days old, wherein the feeding is carried out once every morning at 8: 00-9: 00 and evening at 17: 00-19: 00, and the feeding amount is 20-30/mL;
feeding artemia nauplii at the age of 13-20 days, wherein the feeding is carried out 8: 00-9: 00 every morning, and the feeding amount is 1-2/mL each time;
feeding artificial feed for 13-60 days old, wherein the artificial feed is fed at 17: 00-19: 00 every evening, and the artificial feed is fed according to 2-3% of the fish body mass every time.
Artificial feed: 60g of white fish meal, 15g of corn protamine, 12g of antarctic krill powder, 3g of spirulina powder, 3g of cuttlefish oil, 0.5g of lecithin, 1.2g of puerarin, 0.3g of yucca saponin, 1.0g of vitamin complex and 3g of sodium alginate serving as a binding agent. Making particles with the particle size of 0.1-1 mm for feeding; feeding particles with the particle size of 0.3-0.6 mm before 30 days of age, and feeding particles with the particle size of about 1mm after 30-60 days of age.
Example 2
An artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a seedling raising pond: adding Chlorella into indoor cement pond, and maintaining the density of Chlorella in water at 40 × 10 during seedling culture4～50×104Per mL;
2) seedling distribution: placing the newly hatched fries, wherein the breeding density of the newly hatched fries is 3 ten thousand tails/m3；
3) Regulating and controlling environmental factors during seedling culture:
3-15 days old fry, and the pH value of the water body is 6.5-6.8; 16-60 days old, pH8.2-8.5;
during seedling raising, the salinity is kept to be 25-30 per thousand, the water temperature is kept to be 15-25 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 5 mg/L;
changing water every day, wherein the water change amount is 20-30% before 20 days of age, and the water change amount is 50-60% after 20-60 days of age.
4) Feeding:
feeding is not needed before 3 days of the fry, and baits or artificial feeds are fed when the 3 days of the fry are old.
Feeding rotifers at 3-12 days old, wherein the feeding is carried out once every morning at 8: 00-9: 00 and evening at 17: 00-19: 00, and the feeding amount is 20-30/mL;
feeding artemia nauplii at the age of 13-20 days, wherein the feeding is carried out 8: 00-9: 00 every morning, and the feeding amount is 1-2/mL each time;
feeding artificial feed at the age of 13-60 days, wherein the artificial feed is fed at 17: 00-19: 00 every evening, and the artificial feed is fed according to 2-3% of the mass of the fish body every time.
Artificial feed: 40g of white fish meal, 25g of corn protamine, 15g of antarctic krill powder, 7g of spirulina powder, 7g of cuttlefish oil, 1.0g of lecithin, 1.2g of puerarin, 0.3g of yucca saponin, 0.5g of vitamin complex and 3g of sodium alginate serving as a binding agent. Making particles with the particle size of 0.1-1 mm for feeding; feeding particles of 0.3-0.6 mm before 30 days of age, and feeding particles of about 1mm after 30-60 days of age.
Example 3
An artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a seedling raising pond: adding Chlorella into indoor cement pond, and maintaining the density of Chlorella in water at 40 × 10 during seedling culture4～50×104Per mL;
2) seedling distribution: placing the newly hatched fries, wherein the breeding density of the newly hatched fries is 3 ten thousand tails/m3；
3) Regulating and controlling environmental factors during seedling culture:
3-15 days old fry, and the pH value of the water body is 6.5-6.8; 16-60 days old, pH8.2-8.5;
during seedling raising, the salinity is kept to be 25-30 per thousand, the water temperature is kept to be 15-25 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 5 mg/L;
changing water every day, wherein the water change amount is 20-30% before 20 days of age, and the water change amount is 50-60% after 20-60 days of age.
4) Feeding:
feeding is not needed before 3 days of the fry, and baits or artificial feeds are fed when the 3 days of the fry are old.
Feeding rotifers at 3-12 days old, wherein the feeding is carried out once every morning at 8: 00-9: 00 and evening at 17: 00-19: 00, and the feeding amount is 20-30/mL;
feeding artemia nauplii at the age of 13-20 days, wherein the feeding is carried out 8: 00-9: 00 every morning, and the feeding amount is 1-2/mL each time;
feeding artificial feed at the age of 13-60 days, wherein the artificial feed is fed at 17: 00-19: 00 every evening, and the artificial feed is fed according to 2-3% of the mass of the fish body every time.
Artificial feed: 60g of white fish meal, 15g of corn protamine, 12g of antarctic krill powder, 3g of spirulina powder, 3g of cuttlefish oil, 0.5g of lecithin, 0.5g of puerarin, 1.0g of yucca saponin, 1.0g of vitamin complex and 3g of sodium alginate serving as a binding agent. Making particles with the particle size of 0.1-1 mm for feeding; feeding particles of 0.3-0.6 mm before 30 days of age, and feeding particles of about 1mm after 30-60 days of age.
Example 4
An artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a seedling raising pond: adding Chlorella into indoor cement pond, and maintaining the density of Chlorella in water at 40 × 10 during seedling culture4～50×104Per mL;
2) seedling distribution: placing the newly hatched fries, wherein the breeding density of the newly hatched fries is 3 ten thousand tails/m3；
3) Regulating and controlling environmental factors during seedling culture:
3-15 days old fry, and the pH value of the water body is 6.5-6.8; 16-60 days old, pH8.2-8.5;
during seedling raising, the salinity is kept to be 25-30 per thousand, the water temperature is kept to be 15-25 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 5 mg/L;
changing water every day, wherein the water change amount is 20-30% before 20 days of age, and the water change amount is 50-60% after 20-60 days of age.
4) Feeding:
feeding is not needed before 3 days of the fry, and baits or artificial feeds are fed when the 3 days of the fry are old.
Feeding rotifers at 3-12 days old, wherein the feeding is carried out once every morning at 8: 00-9: 00 and evening at 17: 00-19: 00, and the feeding amount is 20-30/mL;
feeding artemia nauplii at the age of 13-20 days, wherein the feeding is carried out 8: 00-9: 00 every morning, and the feeding amount is 1-2/mL each time;
feeding artificial feed at the age of 13-60 days, wherein the artificial feed is fed at 17: 00-19: 00 every evening, and the artificial feed is fed according to 2-3% of the mass of the fish body every time.
Artificial feed: 60g of white fish meal, 15g of corn protamine, 12g of antarctic krill powder, 3g of spirulina powder, 3g of cuttlefish oil, 0.5g of lecithin, 1.4g of puerarin, 0.1g of yucca saponin, 1.0g of vitamin complex and 3g of sodium alginate serving as a binding agent. Making particles with the particle size of 0.1-1 mm for feeding; feeding particles of 0.3-0.6 mm before 30 days of age, and feeding particles of about 1mm after 30-60 days of age.
Example 5
An artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a seedling raising pond: adding Chlorella into indoor cement pond, and culturing seedling periodKeeping the density of Chlorella in water at 40 × 104～50×104Per mL;
2) seedling distribution: placing the newly hatched fries, wherein the breeding density of the newly hatched fries is 3 ten thousand tails/m3；
3) Regulating and controlling environmental factors during seedling culture:
3-15 days old fry, and the pH value of the water body is 6.5-6.8; 16-60 days old, pH8.2-8.5;
during seedling raising, the salinity is kept to be 25-30 per thousand, the water temperature is kept to be 15-25 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 5 mg/L;
changing water every day, wherein the water change amount is 20-30% before 20 days of age, and the water change amount is 50-60% after 20-60 days of age.
4) Feeding:
feeding is not needed before 3 days of the fry, and baits or artificial feeds are fed when the 3 days of the fry are old.
Feeding rotifers at 3-12 days old, wherein the feeding is carried out once every morning at 8: 00-9: 00 and evening at 17: 00-19: 00, and the feeding amount is 20-30/mL;
feeding artemia nauplii at the age of 13-20 days, wherein the feeding is carried out 8: 00-9: 00 every morning, and the feeding amount is 1-2/mL each time;
feeding artificial feed at the age of 13-60 days, wherein the artificial feed is fed at 17: 00-19: 00 every evening, and the artificial feed is fed according to 2-3% of the mass of the fish body every time.
Artificial feed: 60g of white fish meal, 15g of corn protamine, 12g of antarctic krill powder, 3g of spirulina powder, 3g of cuttlefish oil, 0.5g of lecithin, 0.3g of puerarin, 1.2g of yucca saponin, 1.0g of vitamin complex and 3g of sodium alginate serving as a binding agent. Making particles with the particle size of 0.1-1 mm for feeding; feeding particles of 0.3-0.6 mm before 30 days of age, and feeding particles of about 1mm after 30-60 days of age.
Comparative example 1
An artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a seedling raising pond: adding Chlorella into indoor cement pond, and maintaining the density of Chlorella in water at 40 × 10 during seedling culture4～50×104Per mL;
2) seedling distribution: placing the newly hatched fries, wherein the breeding density of the newly hatched fries is 3 ten thousand tails/m3；
3) Regulating and controlling environmental factors during seedling culture:
3-60 days old fish fries, and the pH value of a water body is 7.0-8.0;
during seedling raising, the salinity is kept to be 25-30 per thousand, the water temperature is 20-23 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 5 mg/L;
changing water every day, wherein the water change amount is 20-30% before 20 days of age, and the water change amount is 50-60% after 20-60 days of age.
4) Feeding:
and feeding the 3-day-old fish fries without feeding the 3-day-old fish fries. The feeding standard is as follows:
feeding rotifers at 3-12 days old, wherein the feeding is carried out once every morning at 8: 00-9: 00 and evening at 17: 00-19: 00, and the feeding amount is 20-30/mL;
feeding artemia nauplii at the age of 13-20 days, wherein the feeding is carried out 8: 00-9: 00 every morning, and the feeding amount is 1-2/mL each time;
feeding artificial feed at the age of 13-60 days, wherein the artificial feed is fed at 17: 00-19: 00 every evening, and the artificial feed is fed according to 2-3% of the mass of the fish body every time.
Artificial feed: the artificial feed prepared in example 1 was fed.
Comparative example 2
An artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a seedling raising pond: adding Chlorella into indoor cement pond, and maintaining the density of Chlorella in water at 40 × 10 during seedling culture4～50×104Per mL;
2) seedling distribution: placing the newly hatched fries, wherein the breeding density of the newly hatched fries is 3 ten thousand tails/m3；
3) Regulating and controlling environmental factors during seedling culture:
3-15 days old fry, and the pH value of the water body is 6.5-6.8; 16-60 days old, pH8.2-8.5;
during seedling raising, the salinity is kept to be 25-30 per thousand, the water temperature is kept to be 15-25 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 5 mg/L;
changing water every day, wherein the water change amount is 20-30% before 20 days of age, and the water change amount is 50-60% after 20-60 days of age;
4) feeding:
and feeding the 3-day-old fish fries without feeding the 3-day-old fish fries. Feeding standard:
feeding rotifers at 3-12 days old, wherein the feeding is carried out once every morning at 8: 00-9: 00 and evening at 17: 00-19: 00, and the feeding amount is 20-30/mL;
feeding artemia nauplii at the age of 13-20 days, wherein the feeding is carried out 8: 00-9: 00 every morning, and the feeding amount is 1-2/mL each time;
feeding artificial feed at the age of 13-60 days, wherein the artificial feed is fed at 17: 00-19: 00 every evening, and the artificial feed is fed according to 2-3% of the mass of the fish body every time.
Artificial feed: 60g of white fish meal, 17.5g of corn protamine, 12g of antarctic krill powder, 3g of spirulina powder, 3g of cuttlefish oil, 0.5g of lecithin, 1.0g of compound vitamin and 3g of sodium alginate serving as a binding agent. Making particles with the particle size of 0.1-1 mm for feeding; feeding particles of 0.3-0.6 mm before 30 days of age, and feeding particles of about 1mm after 30-60 days of age.
Test example 1:
1.1 growth curve determination: in the seedling raising periods of the examples and the comparative examples, the fish fries are periodically fished out, 20 fish fries are randomly taken in each test, the average fish body length is recorded, and the seedling raising growth curve is drawn. The results are shown in FIG. 1. After 60 days of raising, the survival rate (the percentage of the number of surviving fries to the number of newly hatched fries) was calculated.
The results show that:
the survival rates of the examples and the comparative examples can reach over 96 percent, and the higher survival rates are shown. However, from the growth curve, the growth rate of the example was significantly higher than that of the comparative example. In the embodiment, the fish body length of 60 days old is about 46-55 mm, but the highest comparative example is only 35mm, so that the growth rate of the embodiment is improved by at least 30 percent.
1.2 determination of mortality under high temperature conditions: randomly taking 100 fish fries of 60 days old in each example and each comparative example, slowly raising the temperature of a water body to 35 ℃ at the speed of 0.3 ℃/min on the basis of keeping the original seedling culture conditions unchanged, keeping the temperature at 35 ℃ for continuous test for 3d, fishing out dead fish in time every day, counting the accumulated death number, calculating the death rate, and taking the average value of three parallel tests in each group. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Age of day Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2
Mortality rate 8.8％ 10.1％ 9.5％ 11.1％ 17.9％ 31.2％ 39.8％
The results show that:
the mortality rate of the comparative examples 1 and 2 is 30-40%, and the comparative example fry is obviously irritated, bellied and dazzled under the high-temperature condition and finally dies. The examples showed no significant abnormality and no significant mortality in the high temperature state for a long period of time, with a maximum mortality rate of only 18.8%, significantly lower than that of the comparative examples. The method of the invention improves the high temperature stress resistance of the fry culture and the fish internal environment is stable under high temperature.
According to the results of comparative example 1 and example 1, it was found that the change of environmental factors has a certain influence on the hyperthermia resistance of fish. The pH value of the water body is lower than 7.0 (namely 6.5-6.8) at 3-15 days of age, and higher than 8.0 (namely 8.2-8.5) at 16-60 days of age. Under the environmental condition, the high temperature resistance of the fish body can be stimulated to a certain extent, the activity of corresponding enzyme is improved, and the survival rate of the fish body under the high temperature condition is improved.
Tests further find that when the ratio of puerarin to yucca saponin in the artificial feed is 1: 0.5-4, the fish body has higher hyperthermia resistance, the death rate is 8.8-11.1%, and when the ratio of puerarin to yucca saponin is increased or decreased, the fish body has weaker hyperthermia resistance, the death rate is 17.9%, which indicates that puerarin and yucca saponin have certain mutual influence.
In the test process, the invention also finds that the high temperature resistance of the fish body can be effectively improved by properly improving the salinity of the water body at the high temperature of 35 ℃, and the death rate caused by hyperthermia is further reduced. When the water temperature is 35 ℃, the salinity is increased to 30-33 per mill, and the death rate can be effectively reduced by about 3 percent.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. An artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a seedling raising pond;
2) seedling distribution: putting the newly hatched larval fish;
3) regulating and controlling environmental factors during seedling culture;
3-15 days old fry, and the pH value of the water body is 6.5-6.8; 16-60 days old, pH8.2-8.5;
during seedling raising, the salinity is kept to be 25-33 per thousand, the water temperature is kept to be 15-35 ℃, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 5 mg/L;
4) feeding:
feeding rotifers to 3-12-day-old fish fries;
feeding artemia nauplii at the age of 13-20 days;
feeding artificial feed for 13-60 days old;
the artificial feed comprises the following components: white fish meal, corn protamine, antarctic krill powder, spirulina powder, cuttlefish oil, lecithin, puerarin, yucca saponin, compound vitamin and feed adhesive.
2. The method for artificially raising a fry of yellow fin sea bream with high survival rate and high growth rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chlorella is added to the pond in step 1), and the density of the chlorella in water is maintained at 40X 10 during the period of raising the fry4～50×104one/mL.
3. The artificial breeding method of yellow fin sea bream with high survival rate and high growth rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation density of the newly hatched fries in step 2) is not higher than 3 ten thousand tails/m3。
4. The artificial breeding method of yellow fin sea bream with high survival rate and high growth rate according to claim 1, wherein the amount of rotifer per feeding is 20-30/mL; the amount of the artemia nauplii fed each time is 1-2 per mL; the amount of the artificial feed fed in each time is 2-3% of the mass of the fish body.
5. The artificial breeding method of yellow fin sea bream with high survival rate and high growth rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of puerarin to yucca saponin is 1 (0.5-4).
6. The artificial breeding method of yellow fin sea bream with high survival rate and high growth rate according to claim 1, wherein the artificial feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of white fish meal, 15-25 parts of corn protamine, 12-15 parts of antarctic krill powder, 3-7 parts of spirulina powder, 3-7 parts of cuttlefish oil, 0.5-1.0 part of lecithin, 0.5-1.2 parts of puerarin, 0.3-0.8 part of yucca saponin, 0.5-1.0 part of vitamin complex and 1-5 parts of feed adhesive.
7. The method for artificially raising a fry of a yellow fin sea bream with high survival rate and high growth rate according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the artificial feed is 0.1 to 1 mm.
8. The artificial fry culturing method for yellow fin sea bream with high survival rate and high growth rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the salinity is 30-33% o when the water temperature is 35 ℃.
9. The artificial breeding method of yellow fin sea bream with high survival rate and high growth rate according to claim 1, wherein the vitamin complex comprises the following components in parts by weight: vitamin B10.025 parts of vitamin B20.1 portion of vitamin B60.075 part of vitamin B120.5 portion, 5.5 portions of inositol, 0.20 portion of calcium pantothenate, 0.25 portion of biotin, 23.5 portions of vitamin K, 0.13 portion of nicotinic acid, 0.20 portion of vitamin A and vitamin D30.88 portion and 1.2 portions of vitamin E.
10. The artificial breeding method of yellow fin sea bream with high survival rate and high growth rate according to claim 1, wherein water is changed daily during the breeding period, and the water change amount is 20-60% of the water body.
CN202110350402.4A 2021-03-31 2021-03-31 Artificial breeding method of yellow fin acanthopagrus latus with high survival rate and high growth rate Pending CN112997931A (en)

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