CN107183415B - Artificial compound feed for gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeon and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Artificial compound feed for gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeon and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107183415B CN107183415B CN201710563557.XA CN201710563557A CN107183415B CN 107183415 B CN107183415 B CN 107183415B CN 201710563557 A CN201710563557 A CN 201710563557A CN 107183415 B CN107183415 B CN 107183415B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial compound feed for promoting the gonad development of parent fish of Acipenser sinensis, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the feed comprises fish meal, bean pulp, flour, chicken powder, fish oil, calcium hydrophosphate, vitamins and trace element premix according to the proportion, and the steps are as follows: A. firstly, fish meal, bean pulp, chicken meal and flour are mixed; B. carrying out superfine grinding on the mixed raw materials; C. putting the crushed materials into a mixer, putting calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin premix and trace element premix into the mixer, mixing, adding seawater fish oil into the mixer, and mixing; D. the mixed materials are modulated, and a three-layer modulator is adopted in the modulation process; E. preparing the pellet feed by adopting an extrusion and puffing process; F. after the feed is dried, spraying the fish oil outside the vacuum spraying machine, and then cooling the feed particles to room temperature after the feed particles absorb the grease; G. and (6) metering and packaging. The formula is reasonable, the nutrition is comprehensive, the use in Chinese sturgeon culture is convenient, and more balanced and stable nutrition is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of special aquaculture, and particularly relates to an artificial mixed feed for promoting gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeons, a preparation method of the artificial mixed feed for promoting gonad development of the parent Chinese sturgeons, and application of the artificial mixed feed for promoting gonad development of the parent Chinese sturgeons.
Background
Chinese sturgeons live in great rivers and offshore areas, are demersal fishes and have migration or semi-migration. In spring and summer, people tend to gather at the mouth of a river within 5-6 months, and go up to the upstream of a river in autumn. The food of the Chinese sturgeon is mainly eaten by some small or tardive benthonic animals, including shrimps, crabs, fishes, mollusks, aquatic insects and the like.
Chinese sturgeon has typical characteristic of tracing migration spawning. The Chinese sturgeon usually lives in coastal continental shelf zones of east sea and south sea, and the hatched young fish gradually enters the sea in the next spring and grows in the sea. When the male fish grows to 9-18 years old, the body length is 170 cm, the weight is more than 50 kg, and the female fish grows to 14-26 years old, the primary sexual maturity can be reached. The individuals who begin to mature enter rivers from the sea in 7-8 months, and the gonads gradually mature and lay eggs in fresh water inhabiting for one year. Under the influence of construction of the water conservancy project of the Gezhou dam, since 1981, the natural propagation of the Chinese sturgeon is blocked in the river section under the dam, the number of parent fish is reduced year by year, the propagation scale is obviously reduced (Changbao, 1999; Happy Wei, 2005; Qiao et al, 2006; Tao et al, 2009), and in 1988, the wild animal protection law comes out, and the Chinese sturgeon is listed in the national primary protection name book. In recent years, the natural spawning date of the species is found to be remarkably delayed (Yuwengong and the like, 2007; Gao et al, 2013), and the natural reproduction of the species is not monitored in 2013, which indicates that the species is about to be in a new crisis in existence. In order to protect Chinese sturgeons, the next generation of children (Juanzhuangwei et al, 2013) is successfully obtained by inducing gonad development of the first generation of artificial propagation of Chinese sturgeons grown in pure fresh water. However, in the current first generation of pure fresh water, gonads often stay in stage II, and the successful transition rate to stages III and IV is very low.
The Dangchuangwei fish (2013) adopts a compound feed, adds fresh or iced fish in the feed and only uses the fresh or iced fish to feed parent fish of the Chinese sturgeon, both can start the gonad development of part of the Chinese sturgeon, but the proportion of the gonad development start of the group of the added fresh or iced fish is higher, wherein 3 Chinese sturgeons have gonads reaching the IV stage (2 male fish and 1 female fish), and the Chinese sturgeons fed by the compound feed do not have female fish developing to the III stage. This indicates that nutrition has a significant effect on the gonadal development of Acipenser sinensis. However, no research report exists on the successful development of gonads to the III stage after the parent Chinese sturgeon is fed with the artificial compound feed. The comparison analysis of nutrient components of the Chinese sturgeons in different periods of gonad development recently finds that a large amount of fat is accumulated in the process from II period to III period of the gonad of the Chinese sturgeons, which indicates that the fat nutrition is important for the gonad development of the Chinese sturgeons (Zhou et al, 2017). Studies in other farmed fish have shown that feed fat levels have a significant effect on fish gonad development, with appropriate fat levels contributing to initiation and propulsion of fish gonad development (masterzal et al 2015). In view of the above review, the invention mainly explores the influence of the feed fat level on the gonad development of the Acipenser sinensis, so as to screen an efficient Acipenser sinensis parent fish feed formula and prepare the feed formula into a product for the Acipenser sinensis parent fish culture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial compound feed for promoting the gonad development of the parent fish of the Acipenser sinensis, which has a reasonable formula and comprehensive nutrition and is rich in key nutrient substances such as protein, fat, essential fat, various vitamins and the like required by the gonad development of the parent fish of the Acipenser sinensis, so that the artificial compound feed can be conveniently used in the cultivation of the Acipenser sinensis and provides more balanced and stable nutrition.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the artificial compound feed for promoting the gonad development of the parent Chinese sturgeon, the method is easy to implement and simple and convenient to operate, and the feed produced by the method can adapt to the characteristics of benthic habit, partial carnivorous digestion physiology and large feed particle requirement of the parent Chinese sturgeon, so that the parent Chinese sturgeon can conveniently eat, and the feed intake and the feed utilization rate of the parent Chinese sturgeon are improved.
The invention also aims to provide application of the artificial compound feed in gonad development of the parent fish of the Acipenser sinensis. The invention is specially designed aiming at the ecological and nutritional characteristics of the mature growth of the Chinese sturgeon in seawater, can comprehensively replace the prior live fish and the prior ice fish used in the culture of the Chinese sturgeon, can effectively promote the gonadal development of the parent fish of the Chinese sturgeon relative to the live fish and the ice fish, and improves the gonadal development starting and maturing rate of the female fish of the Chinese sturgeon.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:
an artificial compound feed for promoting the gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeon is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight (in a preferred range):
the vitamin premix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11 parts of vitamin B; 23 parts of vitamin B; 63 parts of vitamin B; 123 parts of vitamin B; 32 parts of vitamin K; 79 parts of inositol; 6 parts of calcium pantothenate; 9 parts of nicotinamide; 1 part of folic acid; 2 parts of biotin; 22 parts of vitamin A; 312 parts of vitamin D; 457 parts of vitamin C; 100 parts of vitamin E; 600 parts of choline chloride; 100 parts of astaxanthin; 200 parts of ethoxyquinoline; 200 parts of mildew preventive, and uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain the vitamin premix.
The microelement premix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: copper sulfate (CuSO)4)3 parts of a mixture; ferrous sulfate (FeSO)4)40 parts of a mixture; zinc sulfate (ZnSO)4)11 parts of (1); manganese sulfate (MnSO)4)29 parts; magnesium sulfate (MgSO)4)145 parts of; 84 parts of potassium chloride (KCl); 300 parts of salt (NaCl); calcium iodate (Ca (IO)3)2)10 parts of (A); cobalt chloride (CoCl)2)2 parts of (1); sodium selenite (Na)2SeO3)2 parts of (1); 374 parts of zeolite powder, and uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain the trace element premix.
An artificial compound feed for promoting the gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeon is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight (in a preferred range):
an artificial compound feed for promoting the gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeon is prepared from the following raw materials (preferably in a range) in parts by weight:
an artificial compound feed for promoting the gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeon is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight (in a good range):
an artificial compound feed for promoting the gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeon is prepared from the following raw materials (preferably in a range) in parts by weight:
an artificial compound feed for promoting gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeons is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
a preparation method of an artificial compound feed for promoting the gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeon comprises the following steps:
A. firstly, fish meal (Peru, steam grade), soybean meal, chicken meal and flour are mixed according to weight components, and the components are sequentially added from large to small according to the weight components;
B. micronizing the mixed raw materials, and sieving with 50-70 mesh sieve;
C. putting the crushed materials into a mixer, then adding calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin premix and trace element premix into the mixer after mixing the materials by weight, mixing all the materials for 1-2min, then adding 4 parts of fish oil (Peru Engraulis japonicus Temminck et Schlegel fish oil, feed grade) into the mixer, and mixing for 1-2min, wherein the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is ensured not to be more than 10%;
D. c, blending the mixed materials in the step C, wherein a three-layer modulator is adopted in the blending process, the modified steam is saturated dry steam, and the water content of the modified feed is about 22%;
E. the slow-settling granulated feed with the diameter of 12mm and the length of 15mm is prepared by adopting an extrusion and expansion process. Then drying with steam until the water content is safe (below 10%).
F. After the feed is dried, 8 parts of fish oil is sprayed outside the vacuum spraying machine, and then the feed particles fully absorb grease and are cooled to room temperature (20-25 ℃, the same is carried out below);
G. and (5) measuring and packaging to obtain the artificial compound feed for the gonad development of the parent fish of the Acipenser sinensis.
Through the technical measures, the artificial compound feed for promoting the gonad development of the female Chinese sturgeon can be prepared. The artificial compound feed solves the technical difficulty that the gonad development starting and maturation must be realized by feeding live fish and ice fresh in the parent fish culture of the Acipenser sinensis for a long time. The artificial compound feed and the preparation method start from the technical problems of low food intake and incapability of starting gonad development when the Chinese sturgeon is fed with the common compound feed, fully consider the digestive physiology such as benthic life habit, lower oral position, meat preference and the like of the parent fish of the Chinese sturgeon and the nutritional requirements and food utilization characteristics in seawater growth in the aspects of formula design and manufacturing process, ensure that the parent fish of the Chinese sturgeon can keep normal food intake and has higher digestive utilization rate when the feed is fed in culture, so that sufficient nutrient substances are taken in and deposited in vivo, and the start and maturity of the ovary development of the female fish of the Chinese sturgeon are promoted.
An application of artificial compound feed in gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeon comprises the following steps:
A. the artificial compound feed obtained by the technology of the invention is only suitable for Chinese sturgeon parents with age more than 8 years old.
B. The artificial compound feed for the Acipenser sinensis, disclosed by the invention, has high oil content, and must be stored in a low-temperature and light-resistant environment before use, so that the freshness of fat in the feed is ensured, and the fish body cannot be oxidized and damaged when the feed is fed.
C. When the feed is fed, the feeding place and the feeding time in each day are fixed, and the water flow speed in the culture pond is reduced, so that the movement of the feed in the culture environment is reduced, and the Chinese sturgeon is ensured to be convenient and to eat in time. The feeding time is not less than 30 minutes. The compound feed which is excessively fed should be recovered to prevent pollution.
D. The feeding amount of the artificial compound feed used in the invention is controlled within the range of 0.2-1.5% in Chinese sturgeon parent breeding, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the weather state, and the key influence indexes of water temperature and dissolved oxygen are adopted.
The application scheme defines the using stage and the using mode of the artificial compound feed for the Chinese sturgeons, avoids the problem that feeds of other species are used for Chinese sturgeon cultivation in production or one feed is used in different physiological development stages in a unified way, simultaneously defines correct and reasonable storage and using procedures, ensures the consistency of the feed quality and the effective ingestion of the Chinese sturgeons, thereby providing rich and balanced nutrition for Chinese sturgeon parents and promoting the gonadal development of the Chinese sturgeons. The compound feed can be popularized and applied in the culture of parent fish of Acipenser sinensis.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) at present, in the parent culture process of the Acipenser sinensis, the gonad development progress is not smooth, and a large amount of iced fresh fish are fed. The invention designs the artificial compound feed capable of directly feeding the parent fish of the Acipenser sinensis, which is beneficial to the growth of the gonad of the Acipenser sinensis, thereby facilitating the culture of the Acipenser sinensis and effectively promoting the growth starting and the subsequent maturation rate of the gonad of the female fish of the Acipenser sinensis.
(2) According to the invention, a large proportion of raw materials of the feed are optimally designed, and particularly, the nutrition of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, E, C, biotin, astaxanthin, potassium element and the like, is enhanced, and the nutrition enhancement is particularly optimized according to the nutrition requirement characteristics of the marine fishes and sturgeons, so that the requirements of the Chinese sturgeons on the essential nutrients in the gonad development process can be effectively met.
(3) The adoption of the ultramicro crushing and extruding processing technology can overcome the defects of short digestive tract, simple intestinal canal structure, slow feed intake and digestive utilization of force of the Chinese sturgeon, thereby ensuring that the feed has enough stability in water, effectively improving the digestibility of the parent fish of the Chinese sturgeon to feed nutrients, and simultaneously meeting the characteristic that the parent fish of the Chinese sturgeon inhales on the bottom layer of the water body.
In conclusion, through the use of the artificial compound feed, the gonadal development starting rate of the female Chinese sturgeon in the same batch after adult is expected to reach 50%, the ratio of the female Chinese sturgeon successfully entering the ovary in the stage IV is more than 25%, and the ratio of the parent fish successfully bred reaches 20%. At present, 1 female Acipenser sinensis using the feed is detected to have developed to the IV stage, the female Acipenser sinensis is expected to induce spawning in November of the year through surgical operation egg taking identification, and the picture of egg grains is shown in figure 1. Therefore, the feed, the preparation technology and the application of the feed can promote species protection of the Chinese sturgeon and provide a foundation for industrialization of the Chinese sturgeon caviar.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the form of egg grains of an Acipenser sinensis experimental fish in stage IV.
The color is dark brown, and the egg diameter reaches more than 3.0 mm.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the weight gain rate results of parent Acipenser sinensis after eating feeds with different fat contents.
The values in the figure are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n ═ 24), and the different letters above the bars indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
The results show that the low fat (10%) feed increased the body weight of the parent fish of Acipenser sinensis over the high fat (18%) feed.
Detailed Description
The present invention is illustrated in detail below with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1:
an artificial compound feed for promoting gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeons is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the inorganic salt premix and the vitamin premix in the feed formula are self-prepared premixes, and the feed formula comprises the following specific components in percentage by weight:
the vitamin premix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weightMaterial preparation: vitamin B11 part; vitamin B23 parts of a mixture; vitamin B63 parts of a mixture; vitamin B123 parts of a mixture; vitamin K 32 parts of (1); 79 parts of inositol; 6 parts of calcium pantothenate; 9 parts of nicotinamide; 1 part of folic acid; 2 parts of biotin; 22 parts of vitamin A; vitamin D 312 parts of (1); 457 parts of vitamin C; 100 parts of vitamin E; 600 parts of choline chloride; 100 parts of astaxanthin; 200 parts of ethoxyquinoline; 200 parts of a mildew preventive; the raw materials are uniformly mixed to obtain the vitamin premix.
The microelement premix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: copper sulfate (CuSO)4)3 parts of a mixture; ferrous sulfate (FeSO)4)40 parts of a mixture; zinc sulfate (ZnSO)4)11 parts of (1); manganese sulfate (MnSO)4)29 parts; magnesium sulfate (MgSO)4)145 parts of; 84 parts of potassium chloride (KCl); 300 parts of salt (NaCl); calcium iodate (Ca (IO)3)2)10 parts of (A); cobalt chloride (CoCl)2)2 parts of (1); sodium selenite (Na)2SeO3)2 parts of (1); 374 parts of zeolite powder, and uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain the trace element premix.
A preparation method of an artificial compound feed for promoting the gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeon comprises the following steps:
A. firstly, fish meal (Peru, steam grade), soybean meal, chicken meal and flour are mixed according to weight components, and the components are sequentially added from large to small according to the weight components;
B. micronizing the mixed raw materials, and sieving with 50 or 60 or 70 mesh sieve;
C. putting the crushed materials into a mixer, then adding calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin premix and trace element premix into the mixer after mixing the materials by weight, mixing all the materials for 1 or 2min, then adding 4 parts of fish oil (Peru Engraulis japonicus Temminck et Schlegel fish oil, feed grade) into the mixer, and mixing for 1 or 2min, wherein the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is ensured not to be more than 10%;
D. c, blending the mixed materials in the step C, wherein a three-layer modulator is adopted in the blending process, the modified steam is saturated dry steam, and the water content of the modified feed is about 22%;
E. the slow-settling granulated feed with the diameter of 12mm and the length of 15mm is prepared by adopting an extrusion and expansion process. Then drying with steam until the water content is safe (below 10%).
F. After the feed is dried, spraying 5 parts of fish oil outside the vacuum spraying machine, and cooling to room temperature (20-25 ℃) after the feed particles fully absorb grease;
G. and (5) measuring and packaging to obtain the Chinese sturgeon parent fish feed.
After the above examples, the ingestion exploration and the water resistance test of the feed are carried out, and the result shows that the ingestion rate of the parent fish of the Acipenser sinensis can reach 0.7% under the condition of the water temperature of 24 ℃. The water resistance result shows that the feed can be kept in water for 3 hours without deformation completely, and can still keep relatively complete appearance and shape if not stirred for 24 hours in water. The application feasibility of the formula in Chinese sturgeon culture is shown.
Example 2:
studies on the influence of 3 artificial compound feeds with different fat levels (10%, 14% and 18%) on the gonad development of Acipenser sinensis were carried out, and the formulations of the three feeds are shown in Table 1.
An artificial compound feed for promoting gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeons is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
TABLE 1 feed formulations for different fat levels (unit: parts by weight)
The inorganic salt premix and the vitamin premix in the test feed formulations listed in table 1 were self-prepared premixes, and the specific components and contents thereof were as follows:
the vitamin premix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: vitamin B11 part; vitamin B2 3Preparing; vitamin B63 parts of a mixture; vitamin B123 parts of a mixture; vitamin K 32 parts of (1); 79 parts of inositol; 6 parts of calcium pantothenate; 9 parts of nicotinamide; 1 part of folic acid; 2 parts of biotin; 22 parts of vitamin A; vitamin D 312 parts of (1); 457 parts of vitamin C; 100 parts of vitamin E; 600 parts of choline chloride; 100 parts of astaxanthin; 200 parts of ethoxyquinoline; 200 parts of a mildew preventive. The raw materials are uniformly mixed to obtain the vitamin premix.
The microelement premix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: CuSO43 parts of a mixture; FeSO440 parts of a mixture; ZnSO 411 parts of (1); MnSO429 parts; MgSO (MgSO)4Preparing; KCl 84 parts; 300 parts of NaCl; ca (IO)3)210 parts of (A); CoCl 22 parts of (1); na (Na)2 SeO 32 parts of (1); 374 parts of zeolite powder. The raw materials are uniformly mixed to obtain the trace element premix.
A preparation method of an artificial compound feed for promoting the gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeon comprises the following steps:
A. firstly, respectively mixing fish meal, bean pulp, chicken powder, flour, rice bran and bentonite according to the weight components listed in 3 formulas in a formula shown in a table 1, and sequentially adding the components according to the weight components from large to small;
B. micronizing the mixed raw materials, and sieving with 60-mesh sieve;
C. putting the crushed materials into a mixer, then mixing the calcium dihydrogen phosphate, the vitamin premix and the trace element premix by weight, putting the mixture into a double-shaft paddle type efficient mixer through an artificial feeding port, mixing all the materials for 1min, then adding 4 parts of fish oil into the mixer, and mixing for 1min again to ensure that the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is not more than 10%;
D. c, blending the mixed materials in the step C, adopting a three-layer modulator in the blending process, and introducing saturated dry steam for conditioning to ensure that the moisture of the conditioned feed is about 22%; and then, feeding the uniformly mixed materials into an extruding and puffing feed machine.
E. The slow-settling granulated feed with the diameter of 12mm and the length of 15mm is prepared by adopting an extrusion and expansion process. Then the feed is dried by steam until the water content of the feed is 9 percent, and the feed can be dried thoroughly.
F. After the feed is dried, spraying the rest fish oil (0 part, 4 parts and 8 parts respectively) in a formula table outside a vacuum sprayer, and cooling to room temperature (20-25 ℃) after the feed particles fully absorb grease;
G. the feeds were measured and packaged to obtain 3 species of the parent fish feeds of Acipenser sinensis used in this experiment. The measured values of the nutrient components are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 23 specific nutrient contents of different fat content feeds (unit:%)
After 1 year of culture test, the weight gain rate and the body length of each group of fish are measured, and the result analysis shows that the weight gain rate of the 10% fat feed group is obviously higher than that of the 18% fat feed group (P is less than 0.05), and the weight gain rate of the 14% fat group is not obviously different from that of the other two groups (figure 2). The body length of each group of fish does not have significant difference along with the change of the fat content of the feed. This may mean that a 10% fat feed brings about a muscle growth, which is often accompanied by the deposition of large amounts of moisture. While the high fat group intakes nutrients distributed to the gonads for its developmental propulsion, this process is accompanied by a massive deposition of fat and energy, which, in contrast, will gain weight at a slower rate than muscle. This is also consistent with the observed changes in gonadal development.
Meanwhile, after feeding for 1 year, B-ultrasonic physical examination was carried out on the gonad development status of each group of fishes. Wherein, only 4 female fish gonads of 10% feed fat group female fish enter the II-phase state, 7 female fish gonads of Chinese sturgeon eating feed with 14% fat content show the II-phase state, 10 female fish gonads of Chinese sturgeon eating feed with 18% fat content show the II-phase state, and the gonads of other 2 female fish have developed to the III phase, accounting for 10% of the total number of the experimental fish. Proved by chi-square test, the gonadal development state of each group of experimental fishes is obviously changed after the experimental fishes eat feeds with different fat contents (P < 0.05).
The Chonghuiwei et al (2013) make statistics on the gonad development of Chinese sturgeons under different temperatures and nutrients, and only 2 female fish gonads enter stage III or IV in Chinese sturgeons at stage II of 12-15 ages at 250. In Chinese sturgeons fed by the artificial compound feed, only the gonad development of male fish is in the stage III, and the successful transition of the gonad development of female fish from the stage II to the stage III is not observed. Compared with the previous data about the gonadal development of the Acipenser sinensis, the feed obtained by the formula is superior to the previous research in the breeding effect, and can completely replace live fish and ice fresh, so that the gonadal development of the Acipenser sinensis can be successfully promoted to the III stage.
After 1 year of the culture test, blood of the Acipenser sinensis is also sampled and analyzed for estrogen and the content of some biochemical indexes, and the result is shown in a table 3. 14% estradiol in blood of adipose group (E)2) The highest content, significantly higher than the 10% and 18% fat content groups. The urea nitrogen (BUN) content of blood decreases with the increase of the fat content of the feed (P)<0.05), Triglyceride (TG) and Glucose (GLU) contents showed an opposite trend to BUN. Other blood biochemical indicators do not change with the change of fat level in the feed.
TABLE 3 Fish blood hormone and Biochemical index changes after ingestion of different fat content feeds
The values in the table are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n ═ 4), and the data in the same row are indicated by different letters to show significant differences (P < 0.05).
The results show that the 18 percent of feed fat can obviously promote the gonadal development initiation and maturation of the female Chinese sturgeon. And the feed is insufficient in fat content, the gonad development start of the feed is inhibited, and the ingested nutrient substances show the growth of body tissues, so that the weight is increased, which also suggests that the feed with high fat content can not be used for improving the weight in the early growth stage of the Acipenser sinensis. The 14% fat in the feed showed an effect of promoting estradiol secretion, which may be related to its delayed gonadal development with respect to the 18% group, thereby showing estradiol content higher than the 18% group at 1 year of the feeding experiment.
Example 3:
an application of artificial compound feed in gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeon comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) storing the prepared Chinese sturgeon parent fish feed in a low-temperature, dark and dry environment.
B. Before feeding every day, the daily feeding rate is estimated according to the weather state. Then calculating the feed amount required to be fed every day, and averagely dividing the feed amount into two times of feeding.
C. When the Chinese sturgeon is fed, the oxygenation of the water body is stopped, and the water flow speed is reduced, so that the feed is ensured not to move after sinking to the bottom of the water body, the Chinese sturgeon is convenient to eat, and the foraging time and energy consumption of the Chinese sturgeon are reduced.
D. And after feeding for half an hour, the state of the residual bait at the bottom of the water body is checked and timely recovered, so that the feeding rate is accurately corrected, and the feed waste and the pollution to the aquaculture water body are reduced.
E. After the feeding process is finished, the oxygenation, water flow speed and exchange capacity of the Chinese sturgeon culture pond are recovered, and good water quality suitable for the survival of the Chinese sturgeons is kept.
In this example, other small particle sturgeon feed was used for comparison, and it was found that the suitable large feed obtained by the present invention facilitates the ingestion of parent chinese sturgeon.
Claims (2)
1. An artificial compound feed for promoting gonad development of parent Chinese sturgeons is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the vitamin premix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: vitamin B11 part; vitamin B23 portions of(ii) a Vitamin B63 parts of a mixture; vitamin B123 parts of a mixture; vitamin K32 parts of (1); 79 parts of inositol; 6 parts of calcium pantothenate; 9 parts of nicotinamide; 1 part of folic acid; 2 parts of biotin; 22 parts of vitamin A; vitamin D312 parts of (1); 457 parts of vitamin C; 100 parts of vitamin E; 600 parts of choline chloride; 100 parts of astaxanthin; 200 parts of ethoxyquinoline; 200 parts of mildew preventive, and uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a vitamin premix;
the microelement premix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of copper sulfate; 40 parts of ferrous sulfate; 11 parts of zinc sulfate; 29 parts of manganese sulfate; 145 parts of magnesium sulfate; 84 parts of potassium chloride; 300 parts of table salt; 10 parts of calcium iodate; 2 parts of cobalt chloride; 2 parts of sodium selenite; 374 parts of zeolite powder, namely uniformly mixing the raw materials to obtain a trace element premix;
the fat content in the artificial compound feed is 18 percent;
the preparation method of the artificial compound feed comprises the following steps:
A. firstly, fish meal, bean pulp, chicken powder and flour are mixed according to weight components, and the components are sequentially added from large to small according to the weight component;
B. micronizing the mixed raw materials, and sieving with 50-70 mesh sieve;
C. putting the crushed materials in the step (B) into a mixer, mixing monocalcium phosphate, vitamin premix and trace element premix according to weight, putting the mixture into the mixer, mixing all the materials for 1-2min, adding 4 parts of fish oil into the mixer, and mixing for 1-2min, wherein the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is not more than 10%;
D. blending the materials mixed in the step (C), wherein a three-layer modulator is adopted in the blending process, the modified steam is saturated dry steam, and the water content of the modified feed is 22%;
E. preparing slow settling granulated feed with the diameter of 12mm and the length of 15mm by adopting an extrusion and expansion process, and drying the slow settling granulated feed by using steam until the water content is below 10 percent;
F. after the feed is dried, 8 parts of fish oil is sprayed outside the vacuum spraying machine, and then the feed particles absorb grease and are cooled to room temperature;
G. and (5) measuring and packaging to obtain the artificial compound feed for the gonad development of the parent fish of the Acipenser sinensis.
2. The use of the artificial compound feed of claim 1 in gonad development of parent Acipenser sinensis.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107581107A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-16 | 临汾市尧都区云盛水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of sturgeon propagation method |
| CN107535737A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-05 | 临汾市尧都区云盛水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of sturgeon parent population feed |
| CN111471775B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2021-04-30 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Specific DNA fragment SSM2 for sturgeon gender identification and application |
| CN112715787B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-01-18 | 西南大学 | Feed for promoting gonad development of parent sturgeon and preparation method thereof |
| CN117297003A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-12-29 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司中华鲟研究所 | Compound feed for promoting gonad development of Acipenser sinensis and preparation method thereof |
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| SU1084005A1 (en) * | 1983-01-24 | 1984-04-07 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт морского рыбного хозяйства и океанографии | Starting food for fish |
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| CN101507465B (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2012-01-11 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Oxidation resisting feedstuff capable of increasing sturgeon immunity |
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| CN104187111A (en) * | 2014-08-24 | 2014-12-10 | 四川省农业科学院水产研究所 | Acipenser dabryanus reserved parent fish feed |
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| CN106306550A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-11 | 天津市晨辉饲料有限公司 | Puffed compound feed for acipenser sinensis parent fish in rearing stage and preparation method thereof |
| CN106360135A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 天津现代天骄水产饲料股份有限公司 | Compound bait for promoting growth of sturgeons |
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| SU1084005A1 (en) * | 1983-01-24 | 1984-04-07 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт морского рыбного хозяйства и океанографии | Starting food for fish |
| ES2194578B1 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2005-04-01 | Universidad De Granada | FEED FOR THE FOOD OF THE ESTURION ASCIPENSER NACARII, IN THE PHASES UNDER THE 6 MONTHS UNTIL COMMERCIAL SIZE. |
| RU2011143456A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт рыбного хозяйства и океанографии" (ФГУП "ВНИРО") | METHOD FOR PREPARING FODDER FOR YOUNG STURGEON FISH |
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