CN114097678A - Efficient breeding mode for adjusting body color of penaeus monodon - Google Patents
Efficient breeding mode for adjusting body color of penaeus monodon Download PDFInfo
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- CN114097678A CN114097678A CN202111405884.5A CN202111405884A CN114097678A CN 114097678 A CN114097678 A CN 114097678A CN 202111405884 A CN202111405884 A CN 202111405884A CN 114097678 A CN114097678 A CN 114097678A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient culture mode for adjusting the body color of penaeus monodon, which comprises the following steps: s1, feeding the penaeus monodon open-end compound feed in the penaeus monodon offspring breeding period, wherein the feeding amount is 10-20% of the mass of the penaeus monodon; s2, feeding the penaeus monodon with a compound feed in the growing period after the penaeus monodon grows to 6 cm/tail and the weight is more than or equal to 2 g/tail, wherein the feeding amount is 5-10% of the mass of the penaeus monodon; s3, feeding the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period when the penaeus monodon grows to 10 cm/tail and the weight is more than or equal to 12 g/tail, wherein the feeding amount is 2-5% of the mass of the penaeus monodon. According to the invention, the corresponding feed formula of the penaeus monodon is adjusted according to different growth stages of the penaeus monodon, so that the normal body color of the penaeus monodon is maintained in the whole growth process under high-density culture, meanwhile, the cost of feed investment for culture is remarkably reduced, the culture survival rate of the penaeus monodon is improved, the acre yield of the penaeus monodon is improved, and the culture benefit of the penaeus monodon is integrally improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an efficient culture mode for adjusting the body color of penaeus monodon.
Background
Penaeus monodon (Penaeus monodon) belongs to Arthropoda, Crustacea, Panupeles, Penaeidae and Penaeus, is an important aquatic economic animal, can survive at 14-34 deg.C, has an optimal growth temperature of 25-30 deg.C, can resist hypoxia and high temperature, and can adapt to salinity in a large range. The penaeus monodon has the characteristics of quick growth, rich nutrition, delicious meat and the like, is popular among farmers in recent years, is mainly cultured in south China and Hainan at present, and mainly cultured in an elevated pond.
In recent years, the culture of penaeus monodon mainly takes high-level pond culture as a main part, and the culture density is increased year by year from 2016 (8) thousands of prawns per mu. Due to excessive pursuit of high yield, the penaeus monodon appears 'black shell seedlings' from the seedling stage under the condition of high-density culture in nearly two years, the body color of the black shell seedlings gradually turns blue, the 'blue shrimps' are commonly called, and some 'black shell seedlings' even appear from the seedling stage. The blue shrimps are boiled to be white and not red enough, so that the quality of the blue shrimps is seriously influenced, the blue shrimps cannot be sold at a good price, and the income of farmers is influenced.
Therefore, how to ensure that the culture survival rate and the acre yield of the penaeus monodon are improved under the high-density culture condition and the body color of the penaeus monodon is regulated and controlled by a nutrition means is a main problem to be solved urgently in the penaeus monodon culture industry at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low culture survival rate and poor body color of the penaeus monodon under the high-density culture condition in the prior art, and provides an efficient culture mode for adjusting the body color of the penaeus monodon.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an efficient culture mode for adjusting the body color of penaeus monodon comprises the following steps:
s1, feeding the penaeus monodon open-end compound feed in the penaeus monodon offspring breeding period, wherein the feeding amount is 10-20% of the mass of the penaeus monodon;
s2, feeding the penaeus monodon with a compound feed in the growing period after the penaeus monodon grows to 6 cm/tail and the weight is more than or equal to 2 g/tail, wherein the feeding amount is 5-10% of the mass of the penaeus monodon;
s3, feeding the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period when the penaeus monodon grows to 10 cm/tail and the weight is more than or equal to 12 g/tail, wherein the feeding amount is 2-5% of the mass of the penaeus monodon.
Preferably, the compound feed for Penaeus monodon openings comprises the following components in parts by weight: 36-40 parts of white fish meal, 8-12 parts of antarctic krill powder, 8-10 parts of chicken meal, 7-10 parts of soybean meal, 6-8 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 2-5 parts of spirulina, 1.2-3 parts of zymosan, 1-3 parts of small peptide, 8-10 parts of flour, 2-5 parts of fish protein peptide, 3-6 parts of cuttlefish paste, 2-3 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1-2 parts of soybean oil, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.9 part of sodium humate, 0.06 part of dehulline, 1.0-3.0 parts of mineral premix, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.03-0.05 part of mildew preventive and 0.03-0.06 part of antioxidant.
Preferably, the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of white fish meal, 10-20 parts of red fish meal, 3-10 parts of antarctic krill meal, 4-8 parts of enteromorpha powder, 1-3 parts of shrimp shell meal, 6-12 parts of chicken meal, 5-8 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of yeast hydrolysate, 3-5 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 0.5-1 part of mannan oligosaccharide, 3-5 parts of fish oil, 10-20 parts of flour, 3-5 parts of cuttlefish paste, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5-2 parts of bentonite, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.05-0.1 part of bile acid, 1-4 parts of mineral premix, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.5-1 part of sodium humate, 0.05-0.1 part of hulling element, 0.04 part of mildew preventive and 0.03 part of antioxidant.
Further preferably, the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of white fish meal, 20-30 parts of fish meal, 30-50 parts of shrimp shell powder, 8-10 parts of blood cell protein powder, 6-10 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 5-8 parts of soybean meal, 3-5 parts of beer yeast, 3-5 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 3-5 parts of fish oil, 3-6 parts of fish soluble paste, 0.5-1.5 parts of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 10-20 parts of flour, 3-5 parts of cuttlefish paste, 0.5-1 part of mannan oligosaccharide, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5-2 parts of bentonite, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.05-0.1 part of bile acid, 1-4 parts of mineral premix, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.5-1 part of sodium humate, 0.05-0.1 part of hulling hormone, 0.04 part of mildew preventive and 0.03 part of antioxidant.
Further preferably, a mixture of the compound feed for the growing period of the penaeus monodon and the health compound feed for the penaeus monodon is fed every 10 days in the growing period of the penaeus monodon, and the ratio of the compound feed for the growing period of the penaeus monodon to the health compound feed for the penaeus monodon is 1: 1.
Further preferably, a mixture of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period and the health compound feed for the penaeus monodon is fed every 10 days in the growing period of the penaeus monodon, and the ratio of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period to the health compound feed for the penaeus monodon is 1: 1.
More preferably, the penaeus monodon health-care compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of white fish meal, 10-30 parts of red fish meal, 10.0-20.0 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of peanut meal, 3.0-5.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.0-3.0 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.03-0.05 part of bile acid, 0.01-0.05 part of bacillus, 0.03-0.05 part of amino acid mixture, 0.01-0.05 part of immune polysaccharide, 0.5-1.5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine preparation, 1-5 parts of mineral premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix and 0.03 part of antioxidant.
More preferably, the Chinese herbal medicine preparation comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of phellodendron, 15-30 parts of radix bupleuri, 15-30 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 10-15 parts of ligusticum wallichii and 15-30 parts of fructus forsythiae.
In the existing culture process of the penaeus monodon, in order to pursue high yield, the culture density of the penaeus monodon is very high, under the high-density culture condition, the activity space of the penaeus monodon is limited, the growth of the penaeus monodon has growth stress, the survival rate of the penaeus monodon is lower, and the body color of the penaeus monodon is not as good as that of wild penaeus monodon (the body color of the normal penaeus monodon is green brown, and the body color of the high-density culture penaeus monodon is mostly light blue).
Since the penaeus monodon lacks the capacity of synthesizing astaxanthin from the head, the penaeus monodon must be obtained from food, and the normal body color of the penaeus monodon is ensured by mainly adding astaxanthin into feed in the current artificial culture of the penaeus monodon. However, astaxanthin is expensive, and the culture cost is too high due to the fact that astaxanthin is directly added into the feed in the whole prawn culture period, and the overall culture benefit is reduced. The invention uses Haematococcus pluvialis powder, shrimp shell powder, Antarctic krill powder and the like to replace astaxanthin, and as the effect of directly adding astaxanthin to adjust the body color is the best, in order to ensure that the same body color adjusting effect can be achieved after astaxanthin is replaced, the invention adjusts the corresponding feed formula according to different growth stages of the penaeus monodon, the Haematococcus pluvialis powder, the shrimp shell powder or the Antarctic krill powder are selected to replace the astaxanthin in the feeds of different stages, and the raw material components and the content of the feed formula of each stage are adjusted to ensure that the normal body color of the penaeus monodon is maintained in the whole growth process. Meanwhile, astaxanthin is replaced, so that the cultivation mode of the invention can obviously reduce the cost of cultivation feed investment. And the feed in each stage after the formula is adjusted can also obviously improve the anti-stress capability and the disease-resistant and oxidation-resistant capability of the prawns, obviously improve the breeding survival rate of the prawns and integrally improve the breeding benefit of the penaeus monodon.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly), adjusting a corresponding feed formula according to different growth stages of the penaeus monodon, and completely replacing astaxanthin with haematococcus pluvialis powder, shrimp shell powder and antarctic krill powder, so that the normal body color of the penaeus monodon is maintained in the whole growth process under high-density culture, and meanwhile, the cost of the culture feed is remarkably reduced;
secondly), adding a proper amount of shrimp shell powder and antarctic krill powder into the feed at the early stage, adding haematococcus pluvialis powder at the later stage, cooperatively adjusting the feed formula at each stage, and performing stage difference feeding according to the growth characteristics of the penaeus monodon, thereby obviously improving the anti-stress capability and the disease-resistant and oxidation-resistant capability of the penaeus monodon, obviously improving the breeding survival rate of the penaeus monodon, improving the acre yield of the penaeus monodon, and integrally improving the breeding benefit of the penaeus monodon.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
Pond water culture is carried out before the penaeus monodon seedlings are put, and the content of beneficial algae such as chlorella, diatom and the like in the water body is increased.
In the penaeus monodon offspring seed breeding period, feeding penaeus monodon open-end compound feed 1 day after the offspring seed is released, feeding for 5 times at 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 18:00 every day, wherein the feeding amount is 10 percent of the shrimp body mass; the compound feed for the penaeus monodon openings comprises the following components in parts by weight: 36 parts of white fish meal, 12 parts of antarctic krill powder, 10 parts of chicken meal, 7 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 3 parts of spirulina, 2 parts of zymosan, 1 part of small peptide, 8 parts of flour, 5 parts of fish protein peptide, 3 parts of cuttlefish paste, 2 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 2 parts of soybean oil, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.9 part of sodium humate, 0.06 part of dehulline, 1.0 part of mineral premix, 0.3 part of vitamin premix, 0.03 part of mildew preventive and 0.06 part of antioxidant.
Feeding the penaeus monodon into a penaeus monodon growing period after the penaeus monodon grows to 6 cm/tail and the weight is more than or equal to 2 g/tail, and feeding the penaeus monodon with a compound feed in the growing period, wherein the feeding amount is 8 percent of the mass of the penaeus monodon; the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of white fish meal, 10 parts of red fish meal, 5 parts of antarctic krill powder, 4 parts of enteromorpha powder, 3 parts of shrimp shell powder, 6 parts of chicken meal, 6 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of yeast hydrolysate, 4 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1 part of mannan oligosaccharide, 4 parts of fish oil, 20 parts of flour, 3 parts of cuttle fish paste, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 part of bentonite, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 1 part of mineral premix, 0.3 part of vitamin premix, 1 part of sodium humate, 0.05 part of dehulline, 0.04 part of mildew preventive and 0.03 part of antioxidant.
And feeding a mixture of the compound feed for the growing period of the penaeus monodon and the health-care compound feed for the penaeus monodon every 10 days in the growing period of the penaeus monodon, wherein the ratio of the compound feed for the growing period of the penaeus monodon to the health-care compound feed for the penaeus monodon is 1: 1.
The penaeus monodon health-care compound feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of white fish meal, 23 parts of red fish meal, 20.0 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of peanut meal, 5.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.0 part of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.03 part of bile acid, 0.05 part of bacillus, 0.03 part of amino acid mixture, 0.05 part of immune polysaccharide, 1 part of Chinese herbal medicine preparation, 3 parts of mineral premix, 0.4 part of vitamin premix and 0.03 part of antioxidant. The Chinese herbal medicine preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of phellodendron, 30 parts of radix bupleuri, 20 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 12 parts of ligusticum wallichii and 24 parts of fructus forsythiae.
Feeding the penaeus monodon into a penaeus monodon growing period after the penaeus monodon grows to 10 cm/tail and the weight is more than or equal to 12 g/tail, and feeding the penaeus monodon with a compound feed in the penaeus monodon growing period, wherein the feeding amount is 2% of the mass of the penaeus monodon; the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of white fish meal, 20 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of shrimp shell powder, 9 parts of blood globulin powder, 7 parts of a saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 5 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of beer yeast, 5 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 4 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of fish soluble paste, 0.1 part of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 15 parts of flour, 5 parts of cuttlefish paste, 0.5 part of mannan oligosaccharide, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of bentonite, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.05 part of bile acid, 3 parts of a mineral premix, 0.5 part of a vitamin premix, 1 part of sodium humate, 0.1 part of chitosan, 0.04 part of a mildew preventive and 0.03 part of an antioxidant.
And feeding a mixture of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period and the health compound feed for the penaeus monodon every 10 days in the growing period of the penaeus monodon, wherein the ratio of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period to the health compound feed for the penaeus monodon is 1: 1.
And (3) performing water quality management and regulation during the whole culture period of the penaeus monodon.
Example 2
Pond water culture is carried out before the penaeus monodon seedlings are put, and the content of beneficial algae such as chlorella, diatom and the like in the water body is increased.
In the penaeus monodon offspring seed breeding period, feeding the penaeus monodon with the open-end compound feed 2 days after the offspring seeds are released, and feeding for 5 times at 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 18:00 every day, wherein the feeding amount is 12 percent of the mass of the penaeus monodon; the compound feed for the penaeus monodon openings comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of white fish meal, 8 parts of antarctic krill powder, 9 parts of chicken meal, 8 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 2 parts of spirulina, 1.2 parts of zymosan, 2 parts of small peptide, 9 parts of flour, 3 parts of fish protein peptide, 4 parts of cuttlefish paste, 3 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1 part of soybean oil, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.9 part of sodium humate, 0.06 part of dehulline, 3.0 parts of mineral premix, 0.2 part of vitamin premix, 0.04 part of mildew preventive and 0.04 part of antioxidant.
Feeding the penaeus monodon into a penaeus monodon growing period after the penaeus monodon grows to 6 cm/tail and the weight is more than or equal to 2 g/tail, and feeding the penaeus monodon with a compound feed in the growing period, wherein the feeding amount is 5 percent of the mass of the penaeus monodon; the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of white fish meal, 16 parts of red fish meal, 3 parts of antarctic krill powder, 7 parts of enteromorpha powder, 1 part of shrimp shell powder, 7 parts of chicken meal, 5 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of yeast hydrolysate, 3 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 0.5 part of mannan oligosaccharide, 3 parts of fish oil, 15 parts of flour, 4 parts of cuttlefish paste, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of bentonite, 0.05 part of choline chloride, 0.05 part of bile acid, 4 parts of mineral premix, 0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.8 part of sodium humate, 0.1 part of chitosan, 0.04 part of mildew preventive and 0.03 part of antioxidant.
And feeding a mixture of the compound feed for the growing period of the penaeus monodon and the health-care compound feed for the penaeus monodon every 10 days in the growing period of the penaeus monodon, wherein the ratio of the compound feed for the growing period of the penaeus monodon to the health-care compound feed for the penaeus monodon is 1: 1.
The penaeus monodon health-care compound feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of white fish meal, 10 parts of red fish meal, 15 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of peanut meal, 3.0 parts of soybean oil, 3.0 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05 part of choline chloride, 0.05 part of bile acid, 0.02 part of bacillus, 0.05 part of amino acid mixture, 0.01 part of immune polysaccharide, 1.5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine preparation, 1 part of mineral premix, 0.5 part of vitamin premix and 0.03 part of antioxidant. The Chinese herbal medicine preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of phellodendron, 21 parts of radix bupleuri, 30 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 10 parts of ligusticum wallichii and 30 parts of fructus forsythiae.
Feeding the penaeus monodon into the penaeus monodon growing period after the penaeus monodon grows to 10 cm/tail and the weight is more than or equal to 12 g/tail, and feeding the penaeus monodon with a compound feed in the penaeus monodon growing period, wherein the feeding amount is 4% of the mass of the penaeus monodon; the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of white fish meal, 25 parts of fish meal, 50 parts of shrimp shell powder, 8 parts of blood globulin powder, 6 parts of a saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 6 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of beer yeast, 3 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 3 parts of fish oil, 6 parts of fish soluble paste, 0.5 part of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 10 parts of flour, 3 parts of cuttle fish paste, 1 part of mannan oligosaccharide, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of bentonite, 0.05 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of bile acid, 4 parts of mineral premix, 0.2 part of vitamin premix, 0.7 part of sodium humate, 0.05 part of dehulline, 0.04 part of mildew preventive and 0.03 part of antioxidant.
And feeding a mixture of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period and the health compound feed for the penaeus monodon every 10 days in the growing period of the penaeus monodon, wherein the ratio of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period to the health compound feed for the penaeus monodon is 1: 1.
And (3) performing water quality management and regulation during the whole culture period of the penaeus monodon.
Example 3
Pond water culture is carried out before the penaeus monodon seedlings are put, and the content of beneficial algae such as chlorella, diatom and the like in the water body is increased.
In the penaeus monodon offspring seed breeding period, feeding the penaeus monodon with the open-end compound feed 2 days after the offspring seeds are released, and feeding for 5 times at 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 18:00 every day, wherein the feeding amount is 20 percent of the mass of the penaeus monodon; the compound feed for the penaeus monodon openings comprises the following components in parts by weight: 38 parts of white fish meal, 10 parts of antarctic krill powder, 8 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 5 parts of spirulina, 3 parts of zymosan, 1 part of small peptide, 10 parts of flour, 2 parts of fish protein peptide, 6 parts of cuttlefish paste, 2 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1 part of soybean oil, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.9 part of sodium humate, 0.06 part of dehulline, 2 parts of mineral premix, 0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.05 part of mildew preventive and 0.03 part of antioxidant.
Feeding the penaeus monodon into a penaeus monodon growing period after the penaeus monodon grows to 6 cm/tail and the weight is more than or equal to 2 g/tail, and feeding the penaeus monodon with a compound feed in the growing period, wherein the feeding amount is 10 percent of the mass of the penaeus monodon; the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of white fish meal, 20 parts of red fish meal, 10 parts of antarctic krill powder, 5 parts of enteromorpha powder, 2 parts of shrimp shell powder, 12 parts of chicken meal, 8 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of yeast hydrolysate, 3 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 0.5 part of mannan oligosaccharide, 3 parts of fish oil, 10 parts of flour, 5 parts of cuttlefish paste, 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of bentonite, 0.05 part of choline chloride, 0.07 part of bile acid, 2 parts of mineral premix, 0.2 part of vitamin premix, 0.5 part of sodium humate, 0.05 part of dehulline, 0.04 part of mildew preventive and 0.03 part of antioxidant.
And feeding a mixture of the compound feed for the growing period of the penaeus monodon and the health-care compound feed for the penaeus monodon every 10 days in the growing period of the penaeus monodon, wherein the ratio of the compound feed for the growing period of the penaeus monodon to the health-care compound feed for the penaeus monodon is 1: 1.
The penaeus monodon health-care compound feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of white fish meal, 30 parts of red fish meal, 10.0 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peanut meal, 4 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.08 part of choline chloride, 0.04 part of bile acid, 0.01 part of bacillus, 0.03 part of amino acid mixture, 0.03 part of immune polysaccharide, 0.5 part of Chinese herbal medicine preparation, 5 parts of mineral premix, 0.1 part of vitamin premix and 0.03 part of antioxidant. The Chinese herbal medicine preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of phellodendron, 15 parts of radix bupleuri, 15 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 15 parts of ligusticum wallichii and 15 parts of fructus forsythiae.
Feeding the penaeus monodon into the penaeus monodon growing period after the penaeus monodon grows to 10 cm/tail and the weight is more than or equal to 12 g/tail, and feeding the penaeus monodon with a compound feed in the penaeus monodon growing period, wherein the feeding amount is 5% of the mass of the penaeus monodon; the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of white fish meal, 22 parts of fish meal, 40 parts of shrimp shell powder, 10 parts of blood globulin powder, 10 parts of a saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 8 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of beer yeast, 4 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 5 parts of fish oil, 4 parts of fish soluble paste, 0.2 part of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 20 parts of flour, 4 parts of cuttle fish paste, 0.6 part of mannan oligosaccharide, 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 part of bentonite, 0.07 part of choline chloride, 0.06 part of bile acid, 1 part of mineral premix, 0.3 part of vitamin premix, 0.5 part of sodium humate, 0.07 part of unshelled element, 0.04 part of mildew preventive and 0.03 part of antioxidant.
And feeding a mixture of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period and the health compound feed for the penaeus monodon every 10 days in the growing period of the penaeus monodon, wherein the ratio of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period to the health compound feed for the penaeus monodon is 1: 1.
And (3) performing water quality management and regulation during the whole culture period of the penaeus monodon.
Penaeus monodon breeding benefit comparison test
The test method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of selecting ponds with the areas of 6 mouths being 3 mu, randomly dividing the ponds into an experimental group and a control group, wherein the experimental group and the control group are respectively provided with 3 ponds. The experimental groups comprise experimental group 1-experimental group 3, the experimental group 1-experimental group 3 are respectively cultured according to the culture methods of the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3, and the seedling number is 30 ten thousand per mu; the control group comprises control group 1-control group 3, and is cultured according to the existing culture mode, and fed with commercial material of Penaeus monodon, which contains 1.5% astaxanthin. The seedling number of the control group is also 30 ten thousand per mu. The culture period of the experimental group and the control group is 120 days.
And (3) test results: the cultivation results are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
The data in table 1 show that under the same high-density (30 ten thousand tails/mu) culture condition, the astaxanthin content of the shrimp bodies of the experimental group and the control group is basically consistent, but the feed cost of the experimental group is obviously lower than that of the control group, and the feed cost of the experimental group for culturing each jin of shrimps is about 2 yuan less than that of the control group; the acre yield, the survival rate and the acre profit of the experimental group are obviously higher than those of the control group. The contrast group is prepared by directly adding astaxanthin into the feed, the direct addition of astaxanthin has a good effect on adjusting the body color of the prawns, but the direct addition of astaxanthin causes the feed cost to rise, so that the astaxanthin is completely replaced by the shrimp shell powder, the antarctic krill powder and the haematococcus pluvialis powder, and meanwhile, the feed formula of each stage is reasonably adjusted according to the growth stage of the prawns, so that the normal body color of the penaeus monodon is ensured to be maintained under high-density culture, and meanwhile, the cost of the culture feed is remarkably reduced; and the whole breeding stage is subjected to stage difference feeding according to the growth characteristics of the penaeus monodon, so that the anti-stress capability and the disease-resistant and oxidation-resistant capability of the penaeus monodon are obviously improved, the breeding survival rate of the penaeus monodon is obviously improved, the acre yield of the penaeus monodon is improved, and the breeding benefit of the penaeus monodon is integrally improved.
The present description is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and it is within the scope of the present invention that certain changes and modifications may be made in the details of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An efficient culture mode for adjusting the body color of penaeus monodon is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, feeding the penaeus monodon open-end compound feed in the penaeus monodon offspring breeding period, wherein the feeding amount is 10-20% of the mass of the penaeus monodon;
s2, feeding the penaeus monodon with a compound feed in the growing period after the penaeus monodon grows to 6 cm/tail and the weight is more than or equal to 2 g/tail, wherein the feeding amount is 5-10% of the mass of the penaeus monodon;
s3, feeding the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period when the penaeus monodon grows to 10 cm/tail and the weight is more than or equal to 12 g/tail, wherein the feeding amount is 2-5% of the mass of the penaeus monodon.
2. The efficient penaeus monodon body color adjusting breeding mode according to claim 1, characterized in that the penaeus monodon starter compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 36-40 parts of white fish meal, 8-12 parts of antarctic krill powder, 8-10 parts of chicken meal, 7-10 parts of soybean meal, 6-8 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 2-5 parts of spirulina, 1.2-3 parts of zymosan, 1-3 parts of small peptide, 8-10 parts of flour, 2-5 parts of fish protein peptide, 3-6 parts of cuttlefish paste, 2-3 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1-2 parts of soybean oil, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.9 part of sodium humate, 0.06 part of dehulline, 1.0-3.0 parts of mineral premix, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.03-0.05 part of mildew preventive and 0.03-0.06 part of antioxidant.
3. The efficient penaeus monodon body color adjusting breeding mode according to claim 1, wherein the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the breeding period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of white fish meal, 10-20 parts of red fish meal, 3-10 parts of antarctic krill meal, 4-8 parts of enteromorpha powder, 1-3 parts of shrimp shell meal, 6-12 parts of chicken meal, 5-8 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of yeast hydrolysate, 3-5 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 0.5-1 part of mannan oligosaccharide, 3-5 parts of fish oil, 10-20 parts of flour, 3-5 parts of cuttlefish paste, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5-2 parts of bentonite, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.05-0.1 part of bile acid, 1-4 parts of mineral premix, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.5-1 part of sodium humate, 0.05-0.1 part of hulling element, 0.04 part of mildew preventive and 0.03 part of antioxidant.
4. The efficient culture mode for adjusting the body color of the penaeus monodon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the culture period comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of white fish meal, 20-30 parts of fish meal, 30-50 parts of shrimp shell powder, 8-10 parts of blood cell protein powder, 6-10 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 5-8 parts of soybean meal, 3-5 parts of beer yeast, 3-5 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 3-5 parts of fish oil, 3-6 parts of fish soluble paste, 0.1-0.5 part of haematococcus pluvialis powder, 10-20 parts of flour, 3-5 parts of squid paste, 0.5-1 part of mannan oligosaccharide, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5-2 parts of bentonite, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.05-0.1 part of bile acid, 1-4 parts of mineral premix, 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.5-1 part of sodium humate, 0.05-0.1 part of hulling extract, 0.04 part of mildew preventive and 0.03 part of antioxidant.
5. The efficient penaeus monodon breeding mode for adjusting the body color of the penaeus monodon as claimed in claim 1, wherein a mixture of the compound feed for the growing period of the penaeus monodon and the health compound feed for the penaeus monodon is fed every 10 days during the growing period of the penaeus monodon, and the ratio of the compound feed for the growing period of the penaeus monodon to the health compound feed for the penaeus monodon is 1: 1.
6. The efficient penaeus monodon body color adjusting breeding mode according to claim 1, characterized in that a mixture of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period and the health compound feed for the penaeus monodon is fed every 10 days in the growing period of the penaeus monodon, and the ratio of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon in the growing period to the health compound feed for the penaeus monodon is 1: 1.
7. The efficient penaeus monodon breeding mode for adjusting the body color of the penaeus monodon as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the penaeus monodon health compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of white fish meal, 10-30 parts of red fish meal, 10.0-20.0 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of peanut meal, 3.0-5.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.0-3.0 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.03-0.05 part of bile acid, 0.01-0.05 part of bacillus, 0.03-0.05 part of amino acid mixture, 0.01-0.05 part of immune polysaccharide, 0.5-1.5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine preparation, 1-5 parts of mineral premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix and 0.03 part of antioxidant.
8. The efficient culture mode for adjusting the body color of the penaeus monodon as claimed in claim 7, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine preparation comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of phellodendron, 15-30 parts of radix bupleuri, 15-30 parts of pseudo-ginseng, 10-15 parts of ligusticum wallichii and 15-30 parts of fructus forsythiae.
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| CN202111405884.5A Pending CN114097678A (en) | 2021-11-24 | 2021-11-24 | Efficient breeding mode for adjusting body color of penaeus monodon |
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| CN117064005A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-11-17 | 广东联鲲集团有限公司 | Functional premix for improving body color of buddha's warrior attendant as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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