CN112939677B - Functional fertilizer and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Functional fertilizer and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112939677B CN112939677B CN202110233950.9A CN202110233950A CN112939677B CN 112939677 B CN112939677 B CN 112939677B CN 202110233950 A CN202110233950 A CN 202110233950A CN 112939677 B CN112939677 B CN 112939677B
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical group O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241001474928 Ustilaginoidea virens Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001429695 Colletotrichum graminicola Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000308375 Graminicola Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005802 Mancozeb Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RIOXQFHNBCKOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benomyl Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C(=O)NCCCC)C(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 RIOXQFHNBCKOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MITFXPHMIHQXPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoxaprofen Natural products N=1C2=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C2OC=1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 MITFXPHMIHQXPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 1
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/30—Anti-agglomerating additives; Anti-solidifying additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a functional fertilizer and a preparation process thereof, and relates to the technical field of fertilizers. The functional fertilizer prepared by the invention comprises apricot leaf extract, humic acid, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, citric acid chelated manganese, a filling agent and a plate prevention agent. The functional fertilizer is obtained by granulating a mixture of apricot leaf extract, humic acid, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, citric acid chelated manganese and a filling agent to obtain fertilizer particles, and then coating the fertilizer particles with a plate-preventing agent. The preparation method is simple in preparation process, environment-friendly and suitable for batch production. The functional fertilizer prepared by the invention has high absorption effect, can play a good role in preventing and treating the wheat root rot, can improve the soil structure by adding the humic acid, and is environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a functional fertilizer and a preparation process thereof.
Background
China is a big agricultural production country, and fertilizers are strategic materials for guaranteeing national food safety and are material bases for maintaining and improving land capability and realizing agricultural sustainable development. Chemical fertilizers are still important production data of current agricultural production, the absorption and utilization rate of plants to chemical fertilizers in soil is very low, and the utilization rate of agricultural crop fertilization in China is only about 30% according to the determination of the current agricultural comprehensive technological level in China, so that a large amount of fertilizer loss and waste and environmental pollution are caused. Moreover, for a long time, people seek high yield and income increase in agriculture at a glance, and a large amount of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides are put into soil, so that various links of a biological chain and a food chain in the agricultural environment are damaged to different degrees, and the agricultural ecological environment is seriously damaged.
In northern China, main crops are wheat and corn, and during planting, the roots of the wheat are easily infected by the coenospora graminicola to infect vascular bundles of plants, so that systemic diseases of the plants are caused, and the diseases are particularly characterized in that plant stems are infected and grow in the stems. Such diseases are mainly transmitted by irrigation water and air flow (wind). The main control method of the diseases comprises the following steps: (1) before the disease occurs, spraying or root watering is carried out by using 1000-1200 times of 50% benomyl, or using 400-900 times of 50% carbendazim, or using 1000 times of 50% mancozeb; (2) seed disinfection treatment is adopted; (3) selecting disease-resistant varieties. However, no variety immune to wheat root rot is found at present, and a mode of disinfection or pesticide irrigation is adopted, so that on one hand, more labor is required for a grower, and on the other hand, a large amount of pesticide is input into soil, and each link of a biological chain and a food chain in an agricultural environment is damaged.
The research and development of a novel fertilizer which has a good absorption effect, is friendly to soil and ecological environment and can prevent and treat the wheat root rot is a technological innovation hotspot in the technical field of the current fertilizers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a functional fertilizer and a preparation process thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, so that the fertilizer has good absorption effect, is friendly to soil and ecological environment and can prevent and treat wheat root rot.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
one purpose of the invention is to provide a functional fertilizer, which consists of apricot leaf extract, humic acid, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, citric acid chelated manganese, a filling agent and an anti-hardening agent.
Further, by weight, 2-3 parts of apricot leaf extract, 80-100 parts of humic acid, 500 parts of urea 460-.
Further, the filler is kaolin or clay.
Furthermore, the apricot leaf extract is obtained by crushing, leaching, concentrating filtrate and drying apricot leaves.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation process of the functional fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing and mixing the apricot leaf extract, humic acid, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, citric acid chelated manganese and a filler to obtain a mixture, and granulating to obtain fertilizer granules;
step two: and (4) weighing the anti-hardening agent, and uniformly coating the anti-hardening agent on the fertilizer particles obtained in the step two.
Further, the step one also comprises the step of crushing and sieving the mixture before granulation.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
(1) the apricot leaf extract in the raw materials has an inhibiting effect on the ustilaginoidea virens, can play a good role in preventing and controlling wheat root rot, on one hand, avoids more labor force for preventing and controlling the wheat root rot of a grower, on the other hand, also reduces the pesticide amount put into soil, and avoids damage to each link of a biological chain and a food chain in an agricultural environment;
(2) the biological activity of humic acid has obvious effect on inhibiting the fixation of phosphate fertilizer in soil and activating the phosphorus in soil; the functional group of humic acid is combined with potassium ions, so that potassium loss and soil fixation can be prevented, and the utilization rate of potassium is improved; in addition, potassium existing in the soil in a double-salt form can be subjected to hydrolysis reaction through humic acid, so that the release of the potassium can be increased, and the content of quick-acting potassium in the soil can be increased; the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer formed by mutually combining humic acid and chemical fertilizer can improve the fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduce the fixation and loss of the fertilizer, coordinate various nutrients and improve the soil structure;
(3) the citric acid chelated manganese can provide trace element manganese, and simultaneously, the citric acid can also generate double decomposition reaction with diammonium hydrogen phosphate to generate organic ammonium (ammonium citrate) which has good activity and is beneficial to plant absorption, so that the absorption and utilization effects of the fertilizer are further improved; the anti-caking agent can play a role in preventing caking, and can assist humic acid and citric acid chelated manganese in improving soil and improving the absorption and utilization effects of fertilizers;
(4) the functional fertilizer prepared by the invention can improve the soil structure, improve the absorption and utilization effects of the fertilizer, simultaneously play a good role in preventing and treating wheat root rot, is environment-friendly, has a simple preparation process, and is suitable for batch production.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The "parts" in the present invention are all parts by mass unless otherwise specified.
The citric acid chelated manganese used in the invention is produced by Zhengzhou Rupu new material engineering company Limited, the anti-hardening agent is produced by Hangzhou silicon new material engineering company Limited, and other raw materials are directly purchased from the market without special description.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps: cleaning disease-free apricot leaves, crushing to a particle size smaller than 50 meshes, putting the crushed material into an ethanol solution according to a material-liquid ratio of 1g to 12ml, leaching for 90min at 50 ℃, filtering a leaching solution, putting a filtrate into a rotary evaporator, carrying out rotary evaporation at 70 ℃ to obtain an extract-shaped extract, and drying in a 40 ℃ oven to obtain an apricot leaf extract;
step two: weighing 3 parts of apricot leaf extract, 95 parts of humic acid, 460 parts of urea, 230 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 200 parts of potassium nitrate, 3.5 parts of citric acid chelated manganese and 22 parts of kaolin, mixing, crushing, sieving and granulating to obtain fertilizer granules;
step three: and (4) weighing 3 parts of the anti-caking agent, and uniformly coating the fertilizer particles obtained in the step two to obtain the functional fertilizer.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: cleaning disease-free apricot leaves, crushing to a particle size of less than 50 meshes, putting the crushed material into an ethanol solution according to a material-liquid ratio of 1g to 12ml, leaching for 85min at 45 ℃, filtering a leaching solution, putting a filtrate into a rotary evaporator, carrying out rotary evaporation at 70 ℃ to obtain an extract-shaped extract, and drying in a 30 ℃ oven to obtain an apricot leaf extract;
step two: weighing 2 parts of apricot leaf extract, 80 parts of humic acid, 460 parts of urea, 200 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 170 parts of potassium nitrate, 2 parts of citric acid chelated manganese, 20 parts of kaolin and the mixture obtained by grinding in the first step according to parts by weight, mixing, crushing, sieving and granulating to obtain fertilizer granules;
step three: and (4) weighing 2.5 parts of the anti-caking agent, and uniformly coating the fertilizer particles obtained in the step two to obtain the functional fertilizer.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: cleaning disease-free apricot leaves, crushing to a particle size smaller than 50 meshes, putting the crushed material into an ethanol solution according to a material-liquid ratio of 1g to 12ml, leaching for 90min at 50 ℃, filtering a leaching solution, putting a filtrate into a rotary evaporator, carrying out rotary evaporation at 70 ℃ to obtain an extract-shaped extract, and drying in a 35 ℃ oven to obtain an apricot leaf extract;
step two: weighing 2.5 parts of apricot leaf extract, 100 parts of humic acid, 500 parts of urea, 240 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 210 parts of potassium nitrate, 4 parts of citric acid chelated manganese and 25 parts of carclazyte according to parts by weight, and mixing, crushing, sieving and granulating to obtain fertilizer granules;
step three: and 3.5 parts of the anti-caking agent is weighed and evenly coated on the fertilizer particles obtained in the second step to obtain the functional fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the addition of apricot leaf extract was omitted.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 was that the addition of humic acid was omitted.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the addition of citric acid chelated manganese was omitted.
Test example 1
The tests were conducted in a laboratory to avoid a wide range of wheat root rot due to the spread of the c.graminicola with the flow of water and air.
The wheat can be divided into seedling stage, main leaf stage, tillering stage, overwintering stage, reviving stage, rising stage, jointing stage, booting stage (flag picking), heading stage, flowering stage, filling stage (milk stage), and maturation stage according to growth period; wherein the jointing stage is the jointing stage when the 1 st joint of the plant stem is 1.5-2 cm exposed out of the ground.
The ustilaginoidea virens strain is used for infecting the normally growing wheat in the jointing stage, and the root rot symptom appears when the root of the wheat begins to appear by daily observation, namely the wheat is infected with the root rot. The root rot infected elongation wheat was transplanted into A, B, C, D, E, F, G pots in 7 portions, 200 wheat plants each. The functional fertilizer prepared in example 1 was applied to pot a, the functional fertilizer prepared in example 2 was applied to pot B, the functional fertilizer prepared in example 3 was applied to pot C, the functional fertilizer prepared in comparative example 1 was applied to pot D, the functional fertilizer prepared in comparative example 2 was applied to pot E, and the functional fertilizer prepared in comparative example 3 was applied to pot F. And (3) watering the wheat while fertilizing, wherein the G pot culture is not fertilized and is only watered. The amount of fertilizer applied was 13g per pot and the amount of watering was 700ml per pot.
The growth of each potted wheat was recorded after 20 days as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Growth of wheat was recorded after wheat was mature as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Test example 2
The tests were conducted in a laboratory to avoid a wide range of wheat root rot due to the spread of the c.graminicola with the flow of water and air.
The wheat can be divided into seedling stage, main leaf stage, tillering stage, overwintering stage, reviving stage, rising stage, jointing stage, booting stage (flag picking), heading stage, flowering stage, filling stage (milk stage), and maturation stage according to growth period; the booting stage is the stage of booting the young ear covered by the leaf sheath of the flag leaf of the tiller.
The wheat in the booting stage with normal growth is infected by the strain of the coenospora graminicola, and the root rot symptom begins to appear when the root of the wheat is observed every day, namely the wheat is infected with the root rot. The wheat at the booting stage infected with root rot is divided into 7 parts, and transplanted into potted plants of A1, B1, C1, D1, E1, F1 and G1, wherein each potted plant contains 200 wheat plants. The functional fertilizer prepared in example 1 was applied to an a1 pot, the functional fertilizer prepared in example 2 was applied to a B1 pot, the functional fertilizer prepared in example 3 was applied to a C1 pot, the functional fertilizer prepared in comparative example 1 was applied to a D1 pot, the functional fertilizer prepared in comparative example 2 was applied to an E1 pot, and the functional fertilizer prepared in comparative example 3 was applied to an F1 pot. The wheat was watered while fertilizing, and the G1 pot was not fertilized but only watered. The amount of fertilizer applied was 9g per pot and the amount of watering was 700ml per pot.
The growth of each potted wheat was recorded after 20 days as shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
Growth of wheat was recorded after wheat was mature as shown in table 4:
TABLE 4
| A1 | B1 | C1 | D1 | E1 | F1 | G1 | |
| Plant height (cm) | 94.8 | 90.1 | 91.3 | Death was caused by death | 83.7 | 87.6 | Death was caused by death |
| Ear length (cm) | 10.5 | 9.1 | 9.4 | Death was caused by death | 7.9 | 8.6 | Death was caused by death |
| Grain number per ear (grain) | 43.8 | 38.9 | 42.3 | Is free of | 26.4 | 32.2 | Is free of |
As can be seen from the test examples 1 and 2, the functional fertilizer prepared by the invention has good control effect on the root rot caused by the ustilaginoidea virens at the jointing stage and the booting stage of the wheat, and the inhibition effect on the ustilaginoidea virens is mainly provided by the apricot leaf extract.
Test example 3
Preparation of the jointing wheat 4 plants were transplanted into W, X, Y, Z pots, 200 wheat plants each. The functional fertilizer prepared in example 1 was applied to the W pot, the functional fertilizer prepared in example 2 was applied to the X pot, the functional fertilizer prepared in example 3 was applied to the Y pot, a commercially available general fertilizer was applied to the Z pot, and the amount of fertilizer applied to the 4 pots was the same. The wheat was watered while fertilizing. The amount of fertilizer applied was 13g per pot and the amount of watering was 700ml per pot.
Growth of wheat was recorded after wheat was mature as shown in table 5:
TABLE 5
| W | X | Y | Z | |
| Plant height (cm) | 106.6 | 102.4 | 105.3 | 90.8 |
| Ear length (cm) | 12.1 | 10.7 | 11.5 | 9.2 |
| Grain number per ear (grain) | 50.1 | 48.6 | 49.2 | 26.5 |
As can be seen from the test example 3, under the condition of the same application amount, the plant height and the ear length of the wheat after the functional fertilizer prepared by the invention is applied are obviously superior to those of the wheat applied with a certain common fertilizer, which shows that the absorption effect of the functional fertilizer prepared by the invention is superior to that of the common fertilizer on the market; observe W, X, Y, Z the soil in the pot, W, X, Y the soil in the pot is soft and no hardened condition appears, and Z the soil in the pot slightly shows hardened condition.
The above-described embodiments are only intended to illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The application of the functional fertilizer in preventing and treating wheat root rot is characterized in that the functional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of apricot leaf extract, 80-100 parts of humic acid, 500 parts of urea 460-plus, 240 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate 200-plus, 210 parts of potassium nitrate 170-plus, 2-4 parts of citric acid chelated manganese, 20-25 parts of filling agent and 2.5-3.5 parts of anti-hardening agent;
the filler is kaolin or clay;
the folium Pruni extract is prepared by pulverizing folium Pruni, extracting with ethanol, concentrating filtrate, and oven drying.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the process for the preparation of the functional fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing and mixing the apricot leaf extract, humic acid, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, citric acid chelated manganese and a filler to obtain a mixture, and granulating to obtain fertilizer granules;
step two: weighing the anti-hardening agent, and uniformly coating the anti-hardening agent on the fertilizer particles obtained in the step one.
3. The use according to claim 2, wherein step one further comprises the step of crushing and sieving the mixture prior to granulation.
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| CN105454313A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-04-06 | 王伟 | Tobacco pesticide containing kernel-apricot leaf extract |
| CN107324955A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-07 | 河南五吉元肥业有限公司 | A kind of all-element compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103739395B (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2015-12-30 | 徐庆凯 | A kind of tobacco special organic inorganic compound pesticide fertilizer |
| CN105565960A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-05-11 | 湖南省中科农业有限公司 | Functional active humic acid nutrient granules and preparation method thereof |
| CN106116816A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-16 | 马鞍山市国华农业发展有限公司 | A kind of Pericarpium Musae high-quality Citrullus vulgaris special medicated fertilizer |
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| CN105454313A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-04-06 | 王伟 | Tobacco pesticide containing kernel-apricot leaf extract |
| CN107324955A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-11-07 | 河南五吉元肥业有限公司 | A kind of all-element compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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