CN112931143B - Seedling raising matrix special for mangoes and preparation method - Google Patents
Seedling raising matrix special for mangoes and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112931143B CN112931143B CN202110257611.4A CN202110257611A CN112931143B CN 112931143 B CN112931143 B CN 112931143B CN 202110257611 A CN202110257611 A CN 202110257611A CN 112931143 B CN112931143 B CN 112931143B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of seedling raising substrates, and particularly discloses a special seedling raising substrate for mangoes and a preparation method thereof. The mango seedling substrate is prepared from peat, dregs, perlite, mango kernel crushed material, a composite growth regulator and silkworm excrement, wherein the composite growth regulator consists of 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate. The special seedling substrate for mango has obvious root growth promoting effect and high transplanting survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of seedling raising substrates, and particularly relates to a special seedling raising substrate for mangoes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the mango planting industry in China is developed rapidly, and mango becomes an important fruit in daily life of people. In fact, the yield of mango planting by fruit growers is not only related to market price, but also closely related to mango planting technology. Mango seedling is an important part of mango planting technology, and the matrix for mango seedling has important influence on mango seedling quality, survival rate and the like. The traditional seedling raising uses turf, sand, gravel and other solid substances as matrixes. The matrix has good air permeability and water permeability, good physical properties and stable chemical properties. However, the traditional seedling culture substrate has single nutrient elements due to single raw materials and simple mixing, and cannot ensure the nutrient element requirements in the growth process of mango seedlings, so that the fibrous roots are poor in growth, the seedling culture production period is long, the transplanting survival rate is low, and the market requirements cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a special seedling raising substrate for mangoes and a preparation method thereof, thereby solving the problems that the conventional seedling raising substrate has single nutrient elements due to single raw materials and simple mixing, the growth of fibrous roots is poor, the seedling raising production period is long, the transplanting survival rate is low and the market needs cannot be met because the nutrient element needs in the growth process of the mangoes can not be ensured.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a special mango seedling substrate, which is characterized by comprising the following raw material components: peat, dregs, perlite, crushed mango kernel material, composite growth regulator and silkworm excrement; the compound growth regulator consists of 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate.
Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the composition mass ratio of the 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) to the adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate is 1 (2-10).
Further, preferably, in the above technical scheme, the composition mass ratio of the 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) to the adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate is 1:5.
further, in the technical scheme, the dregs consist of honeysuckle dregs, camphor tree dregs, mugwort leaf dregs and photinia dregs, and the mass ratio is 11:4:7:5
Preferably, in the technical scheme, the mass ratio of peat, dregs, perlite, crushed mango seeds, composite growth regulator and silkworm excrement is 35-45: 20-30: 10 to 15: 25-35: 0.01 to 0.05: 15-20.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the preparation method of the special seedling substrate for mango comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the residues, the crushed mango seeds and silkworm excrement according to the mass ratio of the raw materials, stacking and fermenting for 14-17 days, adding perlite according to the mass ratio after fermentation and uniformly mixing;
(2) Spreading the mixture in the step (1), irradiating for 4-5 hours under an ultraviolet lamp, turning the mixture up and down, irradiating for 4-5 hours under the ultraviolet lamp, and repeating the above operation for 2-3 times;
(3) 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol citrate are dissolved in water according to a proportion, sprayed on peat with a corresponding proportion in a spraying mode, uniformly mixed, dried and scattered for later use;
(4) And (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials in the step (2) and the step (3) to obtain the matrix.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the emission wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp in the step (4) is 240-260 nm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a mango seedling substrate special for the nutrition requirement of mango seedling, and particularly increases the mango crushed material, the dreg and the silkworm excrement as a part of the mango seedling substrate raw material, so that the nutrition provided by mango seedling is comprehensive and rich, and the problem of mango seedling nutrition deficiency is effectively avoided. Meanwhile, the dregs of a decoction are composed of honeysuckle dregs, camphor tree dregs of a decoction, mugwort leaf dregs and photinia dregs, and have a certain effect of inhibiting and avoiding diseases and insect pests.
2. In the invention, peat and perlite are used as a part of mango seedling culture substrate raw materials together with medicinal residues, the seedling culture substrate is good in ventilation and water permeability, and the root rot of the seedling is low in incidence probability.
3. The growth regulating substance is added into the special seedling raising substrate for mango, which is beneficial to promoting root system development in the seedling raising process, and especially the composite growth regulator composed of 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate has the advantages of prominent root system development promoting effect in the seedling raising process, strong main root growth, developed root system, long root tip, high seedling raising speed and high transplanting survival rate. Reduces the planting cost of mango and increases the economic benefit.
4. The ultraviolet lamp is adopted for sterilization and disinfection treatment in the preparation process of the special seedling raising substrate for mango, the method is simple and feasible, the disinfection and sterilization efficiency is high, and the prepared special seedling raising substrate for mango is low in incidence rate of mango seedling raising and provides a certain guarantee for healthy development of seedling raising root systems.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is, but it should be understood that the invention is not limited to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The mango seedling culture matrix comprises the following raw material components: peat, dregs, perlite, crushed mango kernel material, composite growth regulator and silkworm excrement; the compound growth regulator consists of 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate.
In the technical scheme, the composition mass ratio of the 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) to the adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate is 1:5.
In the technical scheme, the medicine residues consist of honeysuckle medicine residues, camphor tree fruit medicine residues, mugwort leaf medicine residues and photinia fraseri medicine residues, and the mass ratio is 11:4:7:5
In the technical scheme, the mass ratio of peat, dregs, perlite, mango kernel crushed material, composite growth regulator and silkworm excrement is 35:30:15:25: x:15.
wherein X is respectively 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 corresponding to groups X1, X2, X3, X4, X5
The preparation method of the special seedling substrate for mango comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the residues, the crushed mango seeds and silkworm excrement according to the mass ratio of the raw materials, stacking and fermenting for 14 days, adding perlite according to the mass ratio after fermentation and mixing uniformly;
(2) Spreading the mixture in the step (1), irradiating for 5 hours under an ultraviolet lamp, turning the mixture up and down, irradiating for 5 hours under the ultraviolet lamp, and repeating the above operation for 2 times;
(3) 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol citrate are dissolved in water according to a proportion, sprayed on peat with a corresponding proportion in a spraying mode, uniformly mixed, dried and scattered for later use;
(4) And (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials in the step (2) and the step (3) to obtain the matrix.
In the above technical scheme, the emission wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp in the step (4) is 240-260 nm.
Example 2
The mango seedling culture matrix comprises the following raw material components: peat, dregs, perlite, crushed mango kernel material, composite growth regulator and silkworm excrement; the compound growth regulator consists of 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate.
In the technical scheme, the composition mass ratio of the 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) to the adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate is 1:Y.
Wherein Y is 2, 4, 7, 10 corresponding groups Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 respectively.
In the technical scheme, the medicine residues consist of honeysuckle medicine residues, camphor tree fruit medicine residues, mugwort leaf medicine residues and photinia fraseri medicine residues, and the mass ratio is 11:4:7:5
In the technical scheme, the mass ratio of peat, dregs, perlite, mango kernel crushed material, composite growth regulator and silkworm excrement is 35:30:15:25:0.03:15.
the preparation method of the special seedling substrate for mango comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the residues, the crushed mango seeds and silkworm excrement according to the mass ratio of the raw materials, stacking and fermenting for 14 days, adding perlite according to the mass ratio after fermentation and mixing uniformly;
(2) Spreading the mixture in the step (1), irradiating for 5 hours under an ultraviolet lamp, turning the mixture up and down, irradiating for 5 hours under the ultraviolet lamp, and repeating the above operation for 2 times;
(3) 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol citrate are dissolved in water according to a proportion, sprayed on peat with a corresponding proportion in a spraying mode, uniformly mixed, dried and scattered for later use;
(4) And (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials in the step (2) and the step (3) to obtain the matrix.
In the above technical scheme, the emission wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp in the step (4) is 240-260 nm. Example 3
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that in the technical scheme, the composition mass ratio of 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) to adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate is 1:5.
Comparative 1
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that in the technical scheme, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 (respectively corresponding to groups Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 and Z5) of mass parts of 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) are used for replacing 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate to form the compound growth regulator.
Comparative example 2
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that in the technical scheme, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 parts by weight (corresponding to groups F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5 respectively) of diethylaminoethanol adipate citrate was used to replace 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and diethylaminoethanol adipate citrate to form the composite growth regulator.
Comparative example 3
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and diethylaminoethanol adipate citrate were not added in the technical scheme.
Comparative example 4
Conventional seedling substrate components and proportion
Grass carbon: vermiculite = 3:1
Example 3
The mango seedling culture matrix comprises the following raw material components: peat, dregs, perlite, crushed mango kernel material, composite growth regulator and silkworm excrement; the compound growth regulator consists of 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate.
In the technical scheme, the composition mass ratio of the 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) to the adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate is 1:2.
In the technical scheme, the medicine residues consist of honeysuckle medicine residues, camphor tree fruit medicine residues, mugwort leaf medicine residues and photinia fraseri medicine residues, and the mass ratio is 11:4:7:5
In the technical scheme, the mass ratio of peat, dregs, perlite, mango kernel crushed material, composite growth regulator and silkworm excrement is 45:20:10:35:0.05:20.
the preparation method of the special seedling substrate for mango comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the residues, the crushed mango seeds and silkworm excrement according to the mass ratio of the raw materials, stacking and fermenting for 17 days, adding perlite according to the mass ratio after fermentation and mixing uniformly;
(2) Spreading the mixture in the step (1), irradiating for 5 hours under an ultraviolet lamp, turning the mixture up and down, irradiating for 5 hours under the ultraviolet lamp, and repeating the above operation for 2 times;
(3) 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol citrate are dissolved in water according to a proportion, sprayed on peat with a corresponding proportion in a spraying mode, uniformly mixed, dried and scattered for later use;
(4) And (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials in the step (2) and the step (3) to obtain the matrix.
In the above technical scheme, the emission wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp in the step (4) is 240-260 nm.
Example 4
The mango seedling culture matrix comprises the following raw material components: peat, dregs, perlite, crushed mango kernel material, composite growth regulator and silkworm excrement; the compound growth regulator consists of 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate.
In the technical scheme, the composition mass ratio of the 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) to the adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate is 1:10.
In the technical scheme, the medicine residues consist of honeysuckle medicine residues, camphor tree fruit medicine residues, mugwort leaf medicine residues and photinia fraseri medicine residues, and the mass ratio is 11:4:7:5
In the technical scheme, the mass ratio of peat, dregs, perlite, mango kernel crushed material, composite growth regulator and silkworm excrement is 40:25:13:30:0.015:18.
the preparation method of the special seedling substrate for mango comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the residues, the crushed mango seeds and silkworm excrement according to the mass ratio of the raw materials, stacking and fermenting for 16 days, and adding perlite according to the mass ratio after fermentation and mixing uniformly;
(2) Spreading the mixture in the step (1), irradiating for 5 hours under an ultraviolet lamp, turning the mixture up and down, irradiating for 5 hours under the ultraviolet lamp, and repeating the above operation for 2 times;
(3) 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol citrate are dissolved in water according to a proportion, sprayed on peat with a corresponding proportion in a spraying mode, uniformly mixed, dried and scattered for later use;
(4) And (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials in the step (2) and the step (3) to obtain the matrix.
In the above technical scheme, the emission wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp in the step (4) is 240-260 nm.
The seedling substrates in the above examples and comparative examples were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the rooting rates of the seedling substrates in the corresponding groups of examples 1 to 4 are above 96%, the average root length is above 17.8cm, the average root length is greater than or equal to 3.8cm, the transplanting survival rate is greater than or equal to 94.9%, the rooting rates of the seedling substrates in the corresponding groups of comparative examples 1 and 2 are between 92% and 94%, the rooting numbers and root lengths are obviously different from those of the seedling substrate solutions in the groups of examples 1 to 4, and the transplanting survival rate is between 92% and 93%. The rooting rate of the seedling raising substrates in the comparative example 3 and the comparative example 4 is lower than that in the corresponding groups of the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-2, the transplanting survival rate is 86.1% and 79.8 respectively, and obviously, the synergistic effect of 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate is outstanding, the rooting rate, the root number and the average root length increasing effect of the seedling raising substrates of mango are far better than those of other comparative seedling raising substrates, and the survival rate after transplanting is high.
Table 1 mango cutting seedling and transplantation test results
In conclusion, the special seedling raising substrate for mango has rich nutrients, obvious rooting promoting effect and high transplanting survival rate, and solves the problems that the conventional seedling raising substrate has single nutrient elements due to single raw materials and simple mixing, the nutrition element requirements in the growth process of mango seedlings cannot be ensured, the growth of fibrous roots is poor, the seedling raising production period is long, the transplanting survival rate is low and the market requirements cannot be met.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The special seedling raising substrate for mango is characterized in that the preparation raw materials of the seedling raising substrate for mango are as follows: peat, dregs, perlite, crushed mango kernel material, composite growth regulator and silkworm excrement; the compound growth regulator consists of 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol ester citrate.
2. The special seedling raising substrate for mangoes, which is characterized in that the composition mass ratio of 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) to diethylaminoethanol adipate citrate is 1: (2-10).
3. The special seedling raising substrate for mangoes, which is characterized in that the composition mass ratio of 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) to diethylaminoethanol adipate citrate is 1:5.
4. the special seedling raising substrate for mangoes, according to claim 1, wherein the dregs consist of honeysuckle dregs, camphor tree dregs, mugwort leaves dregs and photinia dregs in a mass ratio of 11:4:7:5.
5. The special seedling raising substrate for mangoes, which is characterized in that the mass ratio of peat to dregs to perlite to mango kernel crushed materials to composite growth regulator to silkworm excrement is 35-45: 20-30: 10 to 15: 25-35: 0.010 to 0.05: 15-20.
6. The special seedling raising substrate for mangoes of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the special seedling raising substrate for mangoes comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing the residues, the crushed mango seeds and silkworm excrement according to the mass ratio of the raw materials, stacking and fermenting for 14-17 days, adding perlite according to the mass ratio after fermentation and uniformly mixing;
(2) Spreading the mixture in the step (1), irradiating for 4-5 hours under an ultraviolet lamp, turning the mixture up and down, irradiating for 4-5 hours under the ultraviolet lamp, and repeating the above operation for 2-3 times;
(3) 2- (2-diethylaminoethoxy-5-nitrophenol) and adipic acid diethylaminoethanol citrate are dissolved in water according to a proportion, sprayed on peat with a corresponding proportion in a spraying mode, uniformly mixed, dried and scattered for later use;
(4) And (3) uniformly mixing the raw materials in the step (2) and the step (3) to obtain the matrix.
7. The method for preparing a special seedling raising substrate for mangoes, which is characterized in that the emission wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp in the step (4) is 240-260 nm.
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