CN112772532A - Container heat-preservation circulating water culture method for litopenaeus vannamei - Google Patents
Container heat-preservation circulating water culture method for litopenaeus vannamei Download PDFInfo
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- CN112772532A CN112772532A CN202110172523.4A CN202110172523A CN112772532A CN 112772532 A CN112772532 A CN 112772532A CN 202110172523 A CN202110172523 A CN 202110172523A CN 112772532 A CN112772532 A CN 112772532A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/047—Liquid pumps for aquaria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/06—Arrangements for heating or lighting in, or attached to, receptacles for live fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a litopenaeus vannamei container heat-preservation circulating water culture method. The invention comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a container body; 2) arranging a culture pond, wherein the culture pond is connected with a water pump, and the water pump and the culture pond form internal circulation; 3) a sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is arranged, the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is connected with a biological filter, and a water pump, the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel, the biological filter and a culture pond form external circulation; 4) an air pump is arranged, and micropore oxygenation pipes are arranged inside the culture pond and the biological filter and are connected with the air pump; 5) injecting water, setting the temperature, starting internal circulation, supplying oxygen and culturing; 6) starting external circulation and continuing culturing. The invention adopts a breeding mode of internal circulation first and internal and external double circulation, which is beneficial to the formation of biological floccules and the continuous stability of functional microbial flora, purifies the water quality and promotes the growth of prawns; the culture method is water-saving, energy-saving, environment-friendly, pollution-free, low in culture risk, capable of being copied and popularized on a large scale and good in economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of litopenaeus vannamei culture, in particular to a litopenaeus vannamei container heat-preservation circulating water culture method.
Background
The litopenaeus vannamei commonly known as penaeus vannamei is a main shrimp breeding variety in China and mainly adopts seawater breeding. The mariculture yield of the litopenaeus vannamei in 2019 reaches 114 ten thousand tons, and accounts for 78.6 percent of the total yield of the litopenaeus vannamei; meanwhile, the breeding yield of the litopenaeus vannamei in inland freshwater and saline-alkali areas is also rapidly increased to 67 million tons, which accounts for 21.3 percent of the total yield of the freshwater shrimps and is second only to the crayfish (academic name: procambarus clarkii). The litopenaeus vannamei provides high-grade and high-quality animal protein for people, and is also a main product of world aquatic product trade.
Since 2000, the prawn breeding industry in China began to recover comprehensively, and the climax of the Litopenaeus vannamei breeding was raised from south to north. In the traditional litopenaeus vannamei breeding process, intensive and high-density high-position pond breeding is taken as a main mode in southern areas of China, organic pollutants in breeding tail water are more, and the environment of surrounding water areas is deteriorated due to direct discharge. In recent years, this problem has attracted great attention from national and local environmental protection departments, and the development of the aquaculture industry has been limited. The anti-season factory breeding mode that northern area appears can effectively reduce the influence of climatic factor to breeding, but, at present, mostly adopt water changing breeding mode, not only the breeding process is easily influenced by a large amount of water changes, leads to breeding success rate unstable, and simultaneously, this kind of water changing breeding mode's water resource and heat energy consumption are very big, also have the environmental pollution problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a container heat-preservation circulating water culture method for litopenaeus vannamei, and aims to solve the problems of large water resource and heat energy consumption, serious environmental pollution and unstable culture success rate in an industrial culture mode of the litopenaeus vannamei in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention relates to a litopenaeus vannamei container heat-preservation circulating water culture method, which comprises the following steps of: 1) establishing a container body, arranging a door on one side of the container body, arranging an air exchange device on the other side of the container body, and arranging a temperature adjusting device, an illuminating device, a fault detection device, an alarm device and a control device in the container body, wherein the temperature adjusting device, the illuminating device, the fault detection device and the alarm device are all connected with the control device; 2) arranging a plurality of culture ponds which are arranged in parallel in the container box body obtained in the step 1), arranging a water inlet pipe at the top of each culture pond, arranging a water outlet pipe at the bottom of each culture pond, connecting the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe outside the culture ponds through a water pump, and forming internal circulation among the water outlet pipe, the water pump, the water inlet pipe and the culture ponds; 3) a sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is arranged on one side of the culture pond, the input end of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is connected with the water pump through a drain pipe, the output end of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is connected with a biological filter, the output end of the biological filter is connected with the top of the culture pond through a water inlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe, the water pump, the drain pipe, the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel, the biological filter, the water inlet pipe and the culture pond form external circulation; 4) an air pump is arranged on one side of the biological filter, a first microporous oxygen increasing pipe is arranged in the culture pond, a second microporous oxygen increasing pipe is arranged in the biological filter, and the first microporous oxygen increasing pipe and the second microporous oxygen increasing pipe are both connected with the air pump through air inlet pipes; 5) injecting clean seawater into the culture pond, controlling the internal temperature of the container body to be 27-29 ℃ through the temperature regulating device, starting internal circulation, wherein the water circulation amount is 4-7 cycles/day, putting the litopenaeus vannamei fries with the specification of P5 or above, supplying oxygen through an air pump, maintaining the dissolved oxygen of the water body to be not less than 5mg/L, and culturing for 30-40 days; 6) starting external circulation, wherein the water circulation amount is 2-4 cycles/day, and continuously culturing for 50-60 days to obtain the adult litopenaeus vannamei.
According to the invention, the culture facilities such as the culture pond, the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel, the biological filter and the like are arranged inside the container body, a culture mode of internal circulation first and internal and external double circulation second is adopted, the internal circulation is adopted in the early stage of culture to facilitate the formation of biological floccules, a large number of biological floccules formed in the culture water body are beneficial to reducing the consumption rate of feed, a stable growth environment is provided for prawn culture, the growth speed of prawns is improved, and the water quality is also purified; the internal and external dual-cycle combined use in the later stage of the culture is beneficial to the formation and the continuous stability of functional microbial floras such as nitrobacteria and the like, and the concentration of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like in the water body is reduced, so that the good culture water quality is maintained, the stability of biological flocs in the water body is effectively maintained, and the growth of prawns is promoted; the cultivation method is water-saving, energy-saving, environment-friendly and pollution-free, the water body is small, the management is convenient, the cultivation risk is low, the construction, operation and maintenance cost of cultivation facilities is low, the cultivation facility can be moved at any time, the flexibility is high, the temporary use in different areas is met, the farmland land is not damaged, the reconstruction is not needed when the cultivation facility is used in different places, the cultivation facility can be immediately put into use, the cultivation facility is firm and durable, the transportation is easy, the cultivation facility can be used in a laminated manner, the space is effectively utilized, the cultivation success rate is high.
As a preferred embodiment, the middle part of the culture pond is detachably connected with a liquid outlet pipe, the upper part of the liquid outlet pipe is provided with a water outlet hole, and the size of the water outlet hole is smaller than that of the litopenaeus vannamei. The invention arranges a liquid outlet pipe in the middle of the culture pond, the liquid outlet pipe is provided with a water outlet hole, and the bottom of the liquid outlet pipe is connected with a water outlet pipe; breed the inside water in pond and get into the drain pipe through the apopore and flow downwards along the drain pipe, get into the outlet pipe, under the effect of water pump, carry to the inlet tube of breeding the pond top to from the inlet tube entering breed pond, realized that the inner loop of water flows in the breed pond. Due to the arrangement of the liquid outlet pipe, on one hand, water in the culture pond can conveniently enter the water outlet pipe, so that internal circulation is formed; on the other hand, the litopenaeus vannamei in the culture pond is prevented from flowing in and out of the water pipe along with water flow, so that the injury and death loss of the litopenaeus vannamei is reduced, and the culture success rate is improved. In addition, with the prolonging of the breeding time of the litopenaeus vannamei, the litopenaeus vannamei grows continuously, the liquid outlet pipes with water outlets of different sizes can be replaced, the water quantity of the internal circulation can be adjusted, and good water quality is fully guaranteed. Of course, the mesh cloth with different apertures can be covered outside the liquid outlet pipe, and the mesh cloth with different apertures is replaced to adapt to litopenaeus vannamei with different sizes. Secondly, this kind of detachable drain pipe can also directly be dismantled, makes the dirt in the breed pond discharge from the opposite side through the outlet pipe, and the filth of being convenient for deposit in breed pond inside flows, has made things convenient for the washing of breeding the pond.
As a preferred embodiment, the container body is internally provided with an insulating layer, and the insulating layer comprises a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer and a third insulating layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside. Because the temperature required by the litopenaeus vannamei during the culture process is high and the range is narrow, the heat insulation layer is arranged in the container body, so that the heat insulation effect of the container body is greatly improved, the temperature control in the container body can be easily realized by utilizing the temperature adjusting device in the container body, the energy consumption is reduced, the cost is saved, and the realization is easy; when the temperature needs to be reduced, the control device controls the air interchanger to be started, so that the temperature inside the container body is reduced.
As a preferable embodiment, the first heat-insulating layer is any one of a rock wool layer, an ore wool layer, a heat-insulating polystyrene board and a foamed polystyrene board, the second heat-insulating layer is any one of an aluminum film bubble heat-insulating film, a fiber board, a high-silicon cotton board and a carbonized soft wood board, and the third heat-insulating layer is any one of a composite heat-insulating gypsum board, an expanded perlite board, a rock wool board, a glass wool board, a polystyrene foam plastic and a polyurethane foam plastic. The first heat-insulating layer has a good heat-insulating effect, and the heat-insulating effect of the second heat-insulating layer is added, so that the heat-insulating effect inside the container body is further improved; finally, through the heat preservation and waterproof effect of the third heat preservation layer, the heat preservation effect inside the container body is further improved, and meanwhile, the waterproof performance inside the container body is also improved, so that the overall performance of the container body is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the container body is made of any one of carbon steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy and glass fiber reinforced plastic. The container body is basic skeleton texture, plays the support fixed action, and the container body advantage of different materials is different, carries out the apolegamy according to actual conditions.
As a preferred embodiment, a partition board is vertically arranged inside the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel, the partition board comprises an upper partition board and a lower partition board, a water permeable hole is arranged on the upper partition board, and the drain pipe extends into the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel and is positioned on one side of the lower partition board. In the later stage of cultivation, the invention starts external circulation, and utilizes a sewage solid-liquid separation barrel to precipitate and separate out larger particle suspended substances generated in the later stage of cultivation; the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel with the design introduces the sewage to be separated to the lower side of the partition plate, the stability of the water body in the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is fully ensured, the solid is deposited to the bottom of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel to form sludge, the upper layer liquid slowly passes through the water permeable holes in the upper partition plate, enters the other side of the partition plate and flows out of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel, and the good solid-liquid separation is realized.
In a preferred embodiment, the water permeable holes are arranged in a circle, an ellipse, a polygon or a sector. The water permeable holes can be in various shapes, such as circular, oval, polygonal or fan-shaped, supernatant in the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel overflows to the other side of the partition plate through the water permeable holes, and flows out of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel from the top of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel.
In a preferred embodiment, the water permeable holes are arranged in a uniform rectangular array on the upper partition plate. The water permeable holes are uniformly distributed on the upper partition plate in a rectangular array, and water is uniformly discharged from the other side of the partition plate, so that the flow resistance in the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is reduced, and the separation effect in the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is improved.
As a preferred embodiment, the filth solid-liquid separation bucket includes the staving and sets up the bottom of staving is used for carrying out the supporting legs that supports it, the staving includes the last staving that the cylinder type set up and sets up the lower staving that the circular cone type of going up staving bottom set up, the baffle is located go up the inside of staving. The upper part of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is cylindrical, the lower part of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is conical, larger particle suspended matters can conveniently sink into the lower barrel body of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel under the action of gravity, the solid-liquid separation effect is good, and the larger particle suspended matters after sedimentation are discharged from the bottom of the lower barrel body.
As a preferred embodiment, the interior of the biological filter is provided with porous filler, and the porous filler is positioned at the upper part of the biological filter. According to the invention, the porous filler is concentrated on the upper part of the biological filter under the action of buoyancy of a water body, harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like generated in the later culture period are removed through the biological filter, sewage after primary separation from a sewage solid-liquid separation barrel enters the biological filter from the bottom of the biological filter, and the harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like are absorbed and converted by the porous filler under the matching action of a second microporous oxygenation pipe, so that the aim of removing the harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like is achieved; the clear water without harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like flows to the top of the culture pond from the top of the biological filter, thereby completing the external circulation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts a breeding mode of internal circulation first and internal and external double circulation, the internal circulation is adopted in the early stage of breeding to facilitate the formation of biological floccules, a large amount of biological floccules formed in the breeding water body are beneficial to reducing the consumption rate of feed, a stable growth environment is provided for the breeding of prawns, the growth speed of the prawns is improved, and the water quality is also purified; the internal and external dual-cycle combined use in the later stage of the culture is beneficial to the formation and the continuous stability of functional microbial floras such as nitrobacteria and the like, and reduces harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like in the water body, thereby maintaining good culture water quality, effectively maintaining the stability of biological flocs in the water body and promoting the growth of prawns; the cultivation method is water-saving, energy-saving, environment-friendly and pollution-free, has small water body, is convenient to manage, has low cultivation risk, low construction, operation and maintenance cost of cultivation facilities, can be moved at any time, has strong flexibility, meets temporary use in different areas, does not damage farmland land, can be used in different places without reconstruction, can be immediately put into use, is firm and durable, is easy to carry, can be used in a laminated manner, effectively utilizes space, has high cultivation success rate, can be copied and popularized on a large scale, has remarkable economic and ecological benefits, can realize perennial cultivation, has good stability and uses less water.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic external perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal perspective structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the container body of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the farming system of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the culture pond in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the dirt solid-liquid separation barrel in FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the biofilter of FIG. 4;
in the figure: 10-container body; 11-a door; 12-an outdoor unit; 13-an indoor unit; 14-a lighting lamp; 15-a fault detector; 16-an alarm; 17-a controller; 18-a ventilator; 20-a culture pond; 21-water inlet pipe; 22-a liquid outlet pipe; 23-a water outlet pipe; 24-a water inlet pipe; 25-a first microporous oxygenation tube; 30-a dirt solid-liquid separation barrel; 31-a drain pipe; 32-water permeable holes; 34-a connecting tube; 35-a separator; 36-supporting feet; 37-a sewage draining pipe; 40-a biological filter; 41-porous filler; 42-a water inlet; 43-a second microporous oxygenation tube; 50-an air pump; 51-an air inlet pipe; 60-water pump.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a litopenaeus vannamei container heat-preservation circulating water culture method, which comprises the following steps of:
1) establishing a container body, arranging a door on one side of the container body, arranging an air exchange device on the other side of the container body, and arranging a temperature adjusting device, an illuminating device, a fault detection device, an alarm device and a control device in the container body, wherein the temperature adjusting device, the illuminating device, the fault detection device and the alarm device are all connected with the control device;
2) arranging a plurality of culture ponds which are arranged in parallel in the container box body obtained in the step 1), arranging a water inlet pipe at the top of each culture pond, arranging a water outlet pipe at the bottom of each culture pond, connecting the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe outside the culture ponds through a water pump, and forming internal circulation among the water outlet pipe, the water pump, the water inlet pipe and the culture ponds;
3) a sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is arranged on one side of the culture pond, the input end of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is connected with the water pump through a drain pipe, the output end of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is connected with a biological filter, the output end of the biological filter is connected with the top of the culture pond through a water inlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe, the water pump, the drain pipe, the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel, the biological filter, the water inlet pipe and the culture pond form external circulation;
4) an air pump is arranged on one side of the biological filter, a first microporous oxygen increasing pipe is arranged in the culture pond, a second microporous oxygen increasing pipe is arranged in the biological filter, and the first microporous oxygen increasing pipe and the second microporous oxygen increasing pipe are both connected with the air pump through air inlet pipes;
5) injecting water into the culture pond, controlling the internal temperature of the container body to be 27-29 ℃ through the temperature regulating device, starting internal circulation, wherein the water circulation amount is 4-7 circulation/day, putting the penaeus vannamei boone of the specification P5 or above, supplying oxygen through an air pump, and culturing for 30-40 days, wherein the oxygen supply amount is to maintain the dissolved oxygen of the water body to be not less than 5 mg/L;
6) starting external circulation, wherein the water circulation amount is 2-4 cycles/day, and continuously culturing for 50-60 days to obtain the adult litopenaeus vannamei.
Preferably, the middle part of breeding the pond is equipped with the detachable drain pipe that is connected with, the upper portion of drain pipe is equipped with the apopore, the size of apopore is less than litopenaeus vannamei's size.
Preferably, the container body is internally provided with a heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer comprises a first heat insulation layer, a second heat insulation layer and a third heat insulation layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside.
Further, the first heat preservation layer is any one of rock wool layer, mineral wool layer, heat preservation polyphenyl board, foam polyphenyl board, the second heat preservation layer is any one of aluminium membrane bubble heat insulating film, fibreboard, high silica cotton board, carbomorphism cork board, the third heat preservation layer is any one of compound heat preservation gypsum board, inflation perlite board, rock wool board, glass cotton board, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam.
Preferably, the container body is made of any one of carbon steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy and glass fiber reinforced plastic.
Preferably, the inside of filth solid-liquid separation bucket is vertical to be provided with a baffle, the baffle includes last baffle and lower baffle, be equipped with the hole of permeating water on the last baffle, the drain pipe extends to the inside of filth solid-liquid separation bucket is located one side of baffle down.
Further, the water permeable holes are arranged in a circular shape, an oval shape, a polygonal shape or a fan shape.
Furthermore, the water permeable holes are arranged on the upper partition plate in an even rectangular array.
Further, filth solid-liquid separation bucket includes the staving and sets up the bottom of staving is used for carrying out the supporting legs that supports it, the staving includes the last staving that the cylinder type set up and sets up go up the lower staving that the circular cone type of staving bottom set up, the baffle is located go up the inside of staving.
Preferably, the interior of the biological filter is provided with porous filler, and the porous filler is positioned at the upper part of the biological filter.
Example 1
The invention relates to a litopenaeus vannamei container heat-preservation circulating water culture method, which comprises the following steps of:
1) establishing a container body 10, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3, wherein the container body 10 is a cuboid, a cavity is provided inside the container body 10, in general, a heat insulation layer is provided inside the container body 10, the heat insulation layer comprises a first heat insulation layer, a second heat insulation layer and a third heat insulation layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, the first heat insulation layer is any one of a rock wool layer, a mineral wool layer, a heat insulation polystyrene board and a foam polystyrene board, the second heat insulation layer is any one of an aluminum film bubble heat insulation film, a fiber board, a high silicon-oxygen cotton board and a carbonized soft wood board, the third heat insulation layer is any one of a composite heat insulation gypsum board, an expanded perlite board, a rock wool board, a glass wool board, polystyrene foam plastics and polyurethane foam plastics, the material of the container body 10 is any one of carbon steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy steel and glass steel, generally, the container body 10 consists of corrugated steel, a rock wool layer, an aluminum film bubble heat insulation film and a composite heat insulation gypsum board from outside to inside in sequence;
a door 11 is arranged on one side of a container body 10, a ventilation device is arranged on the other side of the container body 10, the ventilation device can be a ventilation fan 18, a temperature adjusting device, an illuminating device, a fault detection device, an alarm device and a control device are arranged in the container body 10, the temperature adjusting device, the illuminating device, the fault detection device and the alarm device are all connected with the control device, the temperature adjusting device can be an air conditioner consisting of an indoor unit 13 and an outdoor unit 12, and the temperature adjusting device is used for adjusting the internal temperature of the container body 10; the illumination device may be an illumination lamp 14 for providing illumination to the interior of the container body 10 to adjust the illumination of the interior of the container body 10; the fault detection device can be a fault detector 15, and is used for fault detection and transmitting signals to the control device, and the control device controls the alarm device to give an alarm; the alarm device may be an alarm 16 for fault alarm; the control device may be a controller 17, which functions as overall control;
2) referring to the attached drawings 2, 4 and 5, for the sake of clarity, fig. 5 is a perspective drawing method, which can show the internal structure, a plurality of cultivation ponds 20 arranged in parallel are arranged inside the container box 10 obtained in step 1), specifically, the number of the cultivation ponds 20 is 3, the diameter of each cultivation pond 20 is 2m, the water depth is 1m, a water inlet pipe 21 is arranged at the top of each cultivation pond 20, a detachable connected outlet pipe 22 is arranged in the middle of each cultivation pond 20, water outlet holes are arranged at the upper parts of the outlet pipes 22, the size of each water outlet hole is smaller than that of a litopenaeus vannamei, the litopenaeus vannamei can be cultivated in different sizes by replacing the outlet pipes 22 with different water outlet holes, of course, mesh fabrics with different hole diameters can be covered outside the outlet pipes 22, mesh fabrics with different hole diameters can be replaced to suit the cultivation of the litopenaeus vannamei in different sizes, the bottom of the culture pond 20 is provided with a water outlet pipe 23 communicated with the liquid outlet pipe 22, the water inlet pipe 21 and the water outlet pipe 23 are connected outside the culture pond 20 through a water pump 60, and the water outlet pipe 23, the water pump 60, the water inlet pipe 21 and the culture pond 20 form internal circulation;
3) referring to the attached drawings 2, 4, 6 and 7, for the sake of clarity, the attached drawings 6 and 7 also adopt a perspective drawing method, and the internal structure can be seen, a sewage solid-liquid separation barrel 30 is arranged on one side of the culture pond 20, the input end of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel 30 is connected with a water pump 60 through a drain pipe 31, the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel 30 comprises a barrel body and a supporting leg 36 arranged at the bottom of the barrel body for supporting the barrel body, the barrel body comprises an upper barrel body arranged in a cylindrical shape and a lower barrel body arranged at the bottom of the upper barrel body in a conical shape, a drain pipe 37 is arranged at the bottom of the lower barrel body, a partition plate 35 is vertically arranged inside the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel 30, the partition plate 35 is positioned inside the upper barrel body, the partition plate 35 comprises an upper partition plate and a lower partition plate, the upper partition plate is provided with water permeable holes 32, the water permeable holes 32 are, the drain pipe 31 extends to the inside of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel 30 and is positioned at one side of the lower partition plate;
the output end of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel 30 is connected with a biological filter 40 through a connecting pipe 34, the bottom of the biological filter 40 is provided with a water inlet 42, the connecting pipe 34 extends from the output end of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel 30 to the bottom of the biological filter 40 and is provided with a water inlet 42, the output end of the biological filter 40 is connected with the top of the culture pond 20 through a water inlet pipe 24, porous filler 41 is arranged inside the biological filter 40, the porous filler 41 is positioned at the upper part of the biological filter 40, and the water outlet pipe 23, the water pump 60, the water outlet pipe 31, the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel 30, the biological filter 40, the water inlet pipe 24;
4) referring to fig. 2, 4, 5 and 7, an air pump 50 is disposed at one side of the biological filter 40, a first microporous oxygen-increasing pipe 25 is disposed inside the culture pond 20, a second microporous oxygen-increasing pipe 43 is disposed inside the biological filter 40, and both the first microporous oxygen-increasing pipe 25 and the second microporous oxygen-increasing pipe 43 are connected to the air pump 50 through an air inlet pipe 51;
5) referring to the attached figure 2, clean seawater is injected into the culture pond 20, the internal temperature of the container body 10 is controlled to be 27 ℃ by a temperature adjusting device, internal circulation is started, the water circulation amount is 4 circulation/day, young litopenaeus vannamei P5 is put in, the culture density of the young litopenaeus vannamei is 530 tails/m3Oxygen is supplied by an air pump 50, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is maintained to be 5mg/L, and the cultivation lasts for 30 days;
6) starting external circulation, wherein the water circulation amount is 2 circulation/day, and continuously culturing for 50 days to obtain the adult litopenaeus vannamei.
Comparative experiment 1
The litopenaeus vannamei fries with the same specification, the same quantity and the same culture density are cultured by adopting a water change culture mode (namely an industrial water change culture mode) in the prior art, and the culture time is 30+50 days, so that a control sample 1 is obtained.
Example 2
On the basis of the first embodiment of the invention, the internal temperature of a container body 10 of the litopenaeus vannamei container is adjusted to 29 ℃, internal circulation is started, the water circulation amount is 7 circulation/day, the litopenaeus vannamei P6 shrimp larvae are placed, oxygen is provided by an air pump 50, the dissolved oxygen in the water is maintained to be 6mg/L, and the litopenaeus vannamei is cultured for 40 days; starting external circulation, wherein the water circulation amount is 4 cycles/day, and continuously culturing for 60 days to obtain the adult litopenaeus vannamei.
Comparative experiment 2
The litopenaeus vannamei fries with the same specification, the same quantity and the same culture density are cultured by adopting a water change culture mode (namely an industrial water change culture mode) in the prior art, and the culture time is 40+60 days, so that a reference sample 2 is obtained.
Example 3
On the basis of the first embodiment of the invention, the internal temperature of a container body 10 of the litopenaeus vannamei container is adjusted to 28 ℃, internal circulation is started, the water circulation amount is 5 cycles/day, the litopenaeus vannamei P7 shrimp larvae are placed, oxygen is provided by an air pump 50, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is maintained to be 7mg/L, and the litopenaeus vannamei is cultured for 35 days; starting external circulation, wherein the water circulation amount is 3 cycles/day, and continuously culturing for 55 days to obtain the adult litopenaeus vannamei.
Comparative experiment 3
The litopenaeus vannamei fries with the same specification, the same quantity and the same culture density are cultured by adopting a water changing culture mode (namely an industrial culture mode) in the prior art, and the culture time is 35+55 days, thus obtaining a reference sample 3.
The water quality including Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) and Nitrite (NO) in the litopenaeus vannamei breeding process of the first to third embodiments and the comparative experiments 1 to 3 of the invention is detected2 -) Wherein, the detection method of total ammonia nitrogen is a hypobromite oxidation method, the detection method of nitrite is an N- (1-naphthyl) -ethylenediamine spectrophotometry, and the experimental results are shown in Table 1.
As can be seen from table 1, in the litopenaeus vannamei breeding process, an internal circulation stage is implemented at the early stage of breeding, and under different breeding times, the total ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water body of the breeding method is similar to that in a control experimental group of a water change breeding mode, and the nitrite concentration in the water body of the breeding method is also similar to that in the control experimental group of the water change breeding mode; however, in the middle and later culture periods, in the implementation of the external circulation stage, the total ammonia nitrogen concentration in the water body of the culture method is obviously lower than that in the control experiment group of the water change culture mode, and meanwhile, the nitrite concentration in the water body of the culture method is also obviously lower than that in the control experiment group of the water change culture mode. Therefore, the culture method of the invention is in a good culture water environment state in the whole culture period.
TABLE 1 Water quality test results of different breeding methods in the breeding process of Litopenaeus vannamei
The yield, success rate and cultivation water consumption of the litopenaeus vannamei obtained in the first to third embodiments of the invention and the comparative experiments 1 to 3 are counted, and the experimental results are shown in table 2.
As can be seen from Table 2, the survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei obtained by the cultivation method is 82.18-84.38%, however, under the same conditions, the survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei in a control experiment group of the water-changing cultivation mode is less than 75%, so that the survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei obtained by the cultivation method is high. The growth speed of the litopenaeus vannamei obtained by the breeding method is high, and the total weight of the bred litopenaeus vannamei is obviously higher than that of the litopenaeus vannamei in a control experiment group in a water change breeding mode under the same condition; moreover, the weight of each litopenaeus vannamei after cultivation is basically consistent with that of each litopenaeus vannamei in a control experiment group of the water changing cultivation mode under the same condition. Therefore, the litopenaeus vannamei obtained by the breeding method has high total yield. The water consumption of the culture method of the invention in the culture period of the litopenaeus vannamei ranges from 0.41 m to 0.45m3However, the water amount in the cultivation period of the litopenaeus vannamei in the control experiment group of the water-changing cultivation mode under the same conditions was 3.89-4.23m3Perkg. Therefore, the culture method provided by the invention has the advantages that the water consumption is obviously reduced in the culture period of the litopenaeus vannamei, and the economic benefit is improved.
TABLE 2 statistical table of the breeding results of litopenaeus vannamei by different breeding methods
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts a breeding mode of internal circulation first and internal and external double circulation, the internal circulation is adopted in the early stage of breeding to facilitate the formation of biological floccules, a large amount of biological floccules formed in the breeding water body are beneficial to reducing the feed consumption rate, a stable growth environment is provided for the breeding of prawns, the growth speed of the prawns is improved, and the water quality is also purified; the internal and external dual-cycle combined use in the later stage of the culture is beneficial to the formation and the continuous stability of functional microbial floras such as nitrobacteria and the like, and reduces harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like in the water body, thereby maintaining good culture water quality, effectively maintaining the stability of biological flocs in the water body and promoting the growth of prawns; the cultivation method is water-saving, energy-saving, environment-friendly and pollution-free, has small water body, is convenient to manage, has low cultivation risk, low construction, operation and maintenance cost of cultivation facilities, can be moved at any time, has strong flexibility, meets temporary use in different areas, does not damage farmland land, can be used in different places without reconstruction, can be immediately put into use, is firm and durable, is easy to carry, can be used in a laminated manner, effectively utilizes space, has high cultivation success rate, can be copied and popularized on a large scale, has remarkable economic and ecological benefits, can realize perennial cultivation, has good stability and uses less water.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A container heat-preservation circulating water culture method for litopenaeus vannamei is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) establishing a container body, arranging a door on one side of the container body, arranging an air exchange device on the other side of the container body, and arranging a temperature adjusting device, an illuminating device, a fault detection device, an alarm device and a control device in the container body, wherein the temperature adjusting device, the illuminating device, the fault detection device and the alarm device are all connected with the control device;
2) arranging a plurality of culture ponds which are arranged in parallel in the container box body obtained in the step 1), arranging a water inlet pipe at the top of each culture pond, arranging a water outlet pipe at the bottom of each culture pond, connecting the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe outside the culture ponds through a water pump, and forming internal circulation among the water outlet pipe, the water pump, the water inlet pipe and the culture ponds;
3) a sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is arranged on one side of the culture pond, the input end of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is connected with the water pump through a drain pipe, the output end of the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel is connected with a biological filter, the output end of the biological filter is connected with the top of the culture pond through a water inlet pipe, and the water outlet pipe, the water pump, the drain pipe, the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel, the biological filter, the water inlet pipe and the culture pond form external circulation;
4) an air pump is arranged on one side of the biological filter, a first microporous oxygen increasing pipe is arranged in the culture pond, a second microporous oxygen increasing pipe is arranged in the biological filter, and the first microporous oxygen increasing pipe and the second microporous oxygen increasing pipe are both connected with the air pump through air inlet pipes;
5) injecting clean seawater into the culture pond, controlling the internal temperature of the container body to be 27-29 ℃ through the temperature regulating device, starting internal circulation, wherein the water circulation amount is 4-7 cycles/day, putting the litopenaeus vannamei fries with the specification of P5 or above, supplying oxygen through an air pump, maintaining the dissolved oxygen of the water body to be not less than 5mg/L, and culturing for 30-40 days;
6) starting external circulation, wherein the water circulation amount is 2-4 cycles/day, and continuously culturing for 50-60 days to obtain the adult litopenaeus vannamei.
2. The litopenaeus vannamei container heat-preservation circulating water culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the middle part of breeding the pond is equipped with detachable being connected with the drain pipe, the upper portion of drain pipe is equipped with the apopore, the size of apopore is less than litopenaeus vannamei's size.
3. The litopenaeus vannamei container heat-preservation circulating water culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the container is characterized in that a heat insulation layer is arranged inside the container body and comprises a first heat insulation layer, a second heat insulation layer and a third heat insulation layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside.
4. The litopenaeus vannamei container heat-preservation circulating water culture method according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the first heat preservation layer is any one of rock wool layer, mineral wool layer, heat preservation polyphenyl board, foam polyphenyl board, the second heat preservation layer is any one of aluminium membrane bubble heat insulating film, fibreboard, high silica cotton board, carbomorphism cork board, the third heat preservation layer is any one of compound heat preservation gypsum board, inflation pearlite rock wool board, glass cotton board, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam.
5. The litopenaeus vannamei container heat-preservation circulating water culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the container body is made of any one of carbon steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy and glass fiber reinforced plastic.
6. The litopenaeus vannamei container heat-preservation circulating water aquaculture method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:
the inside of filth solid-liquid separation bucket is vertical to be provided with a baffle, the baffle includes baffle and lower baffle, it is equipped with the hole of permeating water to go up on the baffle, the drain pipe extends to the inside of filth solid-liquid separation bucket is located one side of baffle down.
7. The litopenaeus vannamei container heat-preservation circulating water culture method according to claim 6, characterized in that:
the water permeable holes are arranged in a circular, oval, polygonal or fan shape.
8. The litopenaeus vannamei container heat-preservation circulating water culture method according to claim 6, characterized in that:
the water permeable holes are arranged on the upper baffle plate in an even rectangular array.
9. The litopenaeus vannamei container heat-preservation circulating water culture method according to claim 6, characterized in that:
the sewage solid-liquid separation barrel comprises a barrel body and supporting legs, the supporting legs are arranged at the bottom of the barrel body and used for supporting the barrel body, the barrel body comprises an upper barrel body and a lower barrel body, the upper barrel body is arranged in a cylindrical mode, the lower barrel body is arranged at the bottom of the upper barrel body in a conical mode, and the partition plate is located inside the upper barrel body.
10. The litopenaeus vannamei container heat-preservation circulating water culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
and a porous filler is arranged in the biological filter and is positioned at the upper part of the biological filter.
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| CN114557301A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-05-31 | 王永强 | Novel method for breeding shrimps and crabs |
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Application publication date: 20210511 |
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