CN112703984A - Ecological rice and shrimp breeding method - Google Patents
Ecological rice and shrimp breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice and shrimp joint cropping, and particularly relates to an ecological rice and shrimp seed breeding method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a rice field, heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to make the ridge 42-48cm higher than the plane of the rice field and the ridge width 85-95 cm; then digging an annular deep ditch along the inner side of the ridge to form an annular dart target type annular ditch, digging a communication ditch among a plurality of annular ditches, arranging a lobster separation net in the communication ditch, arranging a double-layer escape-proof net on the side surface of the ridge of the rice field, and paving sludge among the escape-proof nets; set up double-deck protection network in the inboard on the ridge, fill silt, cover the one deck silt on the surface again, can satisfy the habit that the lobster bored the hole, the growing environment who makes the lobster accords with the demand of lobster self more, can avoid the ridge to appear damaging again and collapse, the stability and the security on reinforcing ridge, and double-deck protection network, play certain fixed effect to silt, reduce the loss of silt, and can be stranded the great big lobster of boring the hole on the protection network, be convenient for arrest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice and shrimp joint cropping, and particularly relates to an ecological rice and shrimp seed breeding method.
Background
In crop production, rice is the crop with the strongest restriction on water and soil resources, and the development of the rice industry faces severe situations of stable increase of consumption, enhancement of resource restriction, disastrous climate, multiple diseases and insect pests, lower comparative benefit and the like. In order to stabilize the yield and increase the yield, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used in the traditional rice production, so that the potential safety hazard of food is brought, meanwhile, soil hardening is caused due to long-term accumulation of toxic substances such as organic matters, heavy metals and the like, the physicochemical property of the soil is deteriorated, the ecological environment is damaged, the crayfish is also called procambarus clarkii, the adaptability is strong, the crayfish is widely existed in a fresh water pool, the propagation is fast, the culture period is short, the meat is delicious, the nutrition is rich and popular in the market, and the artificially cultured crayfish has wide development prospect and good economic benefit.
Procambarus clarkii belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, Crustacea, genus Procambarus, also known as crayfish. The shrimp meat is delicious in meat taste and rich in nutrition, is deeply loved by people, and is a main variety for increasing and breeding shrimps at present. In recent years, due to the rapid increase of market demand, the natural resources of crayfishes are rapidly reduced, and the price is gradually increased, so that the market demand is met through artificial scientific culture. In order to consider economic benefits, the scale and the area of the comprehensive intercropping of the rice field are rapidly increased at present. However, the existing paddy field breeding method and mode are not proper, and the produced crayfishes generally have the defects of smaller individuals, poorer colors and more diseases, so that the survival rate and the yield of the crayfishes are affected, and the farmers cannot be guaranteed to obtain corresponding economic benefits.
The Chinese patent network provides an ecological planting and breeding method for rice and shrimps (with the authorization notice number of CN108605734A), a natural ecological breeding mode is adopted, a natural biological circulation system is utilized, the shrimps are bred in a field ditch to prey on enemy organisms in a rice field, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is avoided, the water quality is purified, the pollution is reduced, meanwhile, continuous breeding is adopted, the living and breeding environment of the shrimps is kept stable, the yield is high, a rice and shrimp continuous cropping ecological breeding technical system is further constructed, the economic benefit, the social benefit and the environmental benefit are synchronously carried out, but the current ecological breeding method for the rice and the shrimps aims at how to better plant the rice field and the lobsters together, the economic benefit is maximized, no one pays attention to the fact that the crayfishes collapse into silt to make holes, the crayfishes are bred in the rice field, a plurality of deep holes are drilled in the ridges after the lobsters grow up, and local ridges and water and soil loss occur, has potential safety hazard, is easy to lose shrimp larvae, increases the planting and breeding cost, and increases the planting and breeding difficulty by repairing ridges back and forth.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the problems set forth in the background art described above. The invention provides an ecological rice and shrimp breeding method which has the characteristic of high breeding benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an ecological rice and shrimp breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a rice field hard environment: selecting a rice field, heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to make the ridge 42-48cm higher than the plane of the rice field and the ridge width 85-95 cm; then digging an annular deep ditch along the inner side of the ridge to form an annular dart target type annular ditch, digging a communication ditch among a plurality of annular ditches, arranging lobster separation nets in the communication ditch, arranging double-layer escape-proof nets on the side surfaces of the ridge of the rice field, paving sludge among the escape-proof nets, and paving sludge outside the outermost escape-proof net again;
s2, preparing a soft environment of the rice field: sterilizing a rice field and a deep ditch by using quicklime, and then applying 30kg of urea, 21-24kg of calcium superphosphate and 55-59kg of straw ash to each mu of the rice field; applying 32-38kg of decomposed farmyard manure to each mu of deep water ditches;
s3, planting aquatic weeds: the aquatic weeds are not only indispensable plant baits for the crayfishes, but also important barriers and places for the crayfishes to inhabit, exuviate and avoid enemies, and have the important functions of adjusting water quality, keeping the water quality fresh and improving the dissolved oxygen of water bodies, mainly takes the aquatic turfgrass, the water hyacinth and the waterweed as the main materials, and then removes tall and big grass trees around the pond stems;
s4, planting rice: rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 16-19cm, the row spacing is 26-29cm, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the deep-water cultivation ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period;
s5, releasing shrimps: after the aquatic plants in the deep ditch survive, putting the young shrimps into the deep ditch, putting 3-4kg of the young shrimps into the deep ditch of the rice field per mu of the rice field, wherein the ratio of male and female shrimps is 2-3: 1, and feeding the young shrimps in the first half month by using the aquatic plants and microorganisms as food; after half a year, snails, freshwater mussel meat, small trash fish, earthworms, green grass and water hyacinth are put into the pond as feed, the animal feed and the plant feed are put into the pond according to the proportion of 2: 1, and the feed amount of the feed fed every day is about 8 percent of the total weight of shrimps in the pond;
s6, cultivation management: sprinkling quicklime water once a month or applying monocalcium phosphate once, 3 kg/mu each time, alternately using, and pouring and replacing new water, changing water once every 6 days, wherein the water level for each time of replacement is about 22 cm; in the heading and flowering period of the rice, fresh water is added into the rice field every day, and the added fresh water overflows the deep ditch for 2-3cm, so that the crayfish ingests rice flowers on the water surface; in the shallow water period of the rice, the sediment in the deep ditch is fished out and is uniformly thrown in the field to be used as rice fertilizer;
s7, catching shrimps: fishing after the shrimp forming specification is reached, and when the shrimp forming specification is more, putting the water stored in the rice field into a rice field and/or a circular ditch for cage fishing; draining the rice field when the number of shrimps is small, and putting the shrimps in a deep water ditch of the rice field for catching; and (3) storing the grown shrimps which are left in 1/4 by volatilization every time, and performing second round of shrimp breeding after disinfection treatment.
Preferably, the shrimp stocked is procambarus clarkia.
Preferably, the deepest part of the deep trench in the step S1 is 1-1.2 m.
Preferably, the aquatic weeds in step S3 are one or more of turfgrass, hyacinth and waterweed.
Preferably, the lobster separation net and the escape-proof net in the step S1 are polypropylene dense-mesh safety nets.
Preferably, in step S5, when the density of the shrimp seedlings or parent shrimps stocking in the shrimp ditches is high, in order to prevent the shrimp seedlings from entering the field in advance before rice transplanting, a fence can be built outside the small ridges of the shrimp ditches, the fence material is a diffuse scattering greenhouse film, asbestos shingles or 21-25 mesh net sheets, and the water inlet and the water outlet of the rice field are prevented from escaping by dense net fences.
Preferably, the diffuse scattering greenhouse film is made of polyethylene raw materials, diffuse scattering master batches and heat insulation master batches.
Preferably, the asbestos shingle is one or more of chrysotile, iron asbestos and asbestos wool.
Preferably, in the step S1, the rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, strong water retention capacity, good ecological environment, no pollution source around, fertile soil and natural bottom structure is selected.
Preferably, soil is used for matching with the plastic plate to build the retaining wall around the rice field.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. set up double-deck protection network in the inboard on the ridge, fill silt, cover the one deck silt on the surface again, can satisfy the habit that the lobster bored the hole, the growing environment who makes the lobster accords with the demand of lobster self more, can avoid the ridge to appear damaging again and collapse, the stability and the security on reinforcing ridge, and double-deck protection network, play certain fixed effect to silt, reduce the loss of silt, and can be stranded the great big lobster of boring the hole on the protection network, be convenient for arrest.
2. Through excavating multichannel annular ditch, form the annular ditch of annular dart target formula, utilize multichannel annular ditch and set up the lobster spacer screen in the intercommunication ditch, can breed the crayfish variety of different cultivars in multichannel annular ditch, or be used for distinguishing the different crayfish of breed time quantum, pasture and water through planting the different grade type, water purification is fast, photosynthesis is strong, the blade of pasture and water can increase irradiant area, the oxygen volume of giving out is also many, the ability of absorbing carbon dioxide is also strong, through removing the tall and big vegetation around the pond stalk, can increase photosynthesis's area of contact, promote water dissolved oxygen, the effect of reinforcing wind power, through adding the diffuse scattering big canopy membrane, can be with sunshine diffuse scattering, increase the area of contact of sunshine and water, further promote water dissolved oxygen.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the planting and breeding process of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the ridge structure in the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an ecological rice and shrimp breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a rice field hard environment: selecting a rice field, heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to enable the ridge to be 42cm higher than the plane of the rice field, and enabling the ridge width to be 85 cm; then digging an annular deep ditch along the inner side of the ridge to form an annular dart target type annular ditch, digging a communication ditch among a plurality of annular ditches, arranging lobster separation nets in the communication ditch, arranging double-layer escape-proof nets on the side surfaces of the ridge of the rice field, paving sludge among the escape-proof nets, and paving sludge outside the outermost escape-proof net again;
s2, preparing a soft environment of the rice field: sterilizing a rice field and a deep ditch by using quicklime, and then applying 30kg of urea, 21kg of calcium superphosphate and 55kg of straw ash to each mu of the rice field; applying 32kg of decomposed farmyard manure to each mu of deep water ditches;
s3, planting aquatic weeds: the aquatic weeds are not only indispensable plant baits for the crayfishes, but also important barriers and places for the crayfishes to inhabit, exuviate and avoid enemies, and have the important functions of adjusting water quality, keeping the water quality fresh and improving the dissolved oxygen of water bodies, mainly takes the aquatic turfgrass, the water hyacinth and the waterweed as the main materials, and then removes tall and big grass trees around the pond stems;
s4, planting rice: rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 16cm, the row spacing is 26cm, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the deep water ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period;
s5, releasing shrimps: after the aquatic plants in the deep ditch survive, putting the young shrimps into the deep ditch, putting 3kg of the young shrimps into the deep ditch of the rice field per mu of the rice field, wherein the ratio of male and female shrimps is 2: 1, and feeding the young shrimps in the first half month by using the aquatic plants and microorganisms as food; after half a year, snails, freshwater mussel meat, small trash fish, earthworms, green grass and water hyacinth are put into the pond as feed, the animal feed and the plant feed are put into the pond according to the proportion of 2: 1, and the feed amount of the feed fed every day is about 8 percent of the total weight of shrimps in the pond;
s6, cultivation management: sprinkling quicklime water once a month or applying monocalcium phosphate once, 3 kg/mu each time, alternately using, and pouring and replacing new water, changing water once every 6 days, wherein the water level for each time of replacement is about 22 cm; in the heading and flowering period of the rice, fresh water is added into the rice field every day, and the added fresh water overflows the deep ditch for 2cm, so that the crayfish ingests rice flowers on the water surface; in the shallow water period of the rice, the sediment in the deep ditch is fished out and is uniformly thrown in the field to be used as rice fertilizer;
s7, catching shrimps: fishing after the shrimp forming specification is reached, and when the shrimp forming specification is more, putting the water stored in the rice field into a rice field and/or a circular ditch for cage fishing; draining the rice field when the number of shrimps is small, and putting the shrimps in a deep water ditch of the rice field for catching; and (3) storing the grown shrimps which are left in 1/4 by volatilization every time, and performing second round of shrimp breeding after disinfection treatment.
Specifically, the shrimps are procambarus clarkia.
Specifically, the deepest part of the deep trench in step S1 is 1 meter.
Specifically, in step S3, the aquatic weed is a turfgrass.
Specifically, the lobster separation net and the escape-proof net in the step S1 are polypropylene dense-mesh safety nets.
Specifically, in step S5, when the density of shrimp seedlings or parent shrimps stocking in the shrimp ditches is high, in order to prevent the shrimp seedlings from entering the field in advance before rice transplanting, fences can be built outside the small ridges of the shrimp ditches, diffuse scattering greenhouse films, asbestos tiles or 21-25-mesh net sheets are selected as fence materials, and dense net fences are required for preventing escape of water inlets and water outlets of the rice field.
Specifically, the diffuse scattering greenhouse film is prepared from a polyethylene raw material, a diffuse scattering master batch and a heat insulation master batch.
Specifically, the asbestos shingle is chrysotile.
Specifically, in step S1, a rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, strong water retention capacity, good ecological environment, no pollution source around, fertile soil and natural bottom structure is selected.
Specifically, the retaining wall is built by matching soil with plastic plates around the rice field.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an ecological rice and shrimp breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a rice field hard environment: selecting a rice field, heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to enable the ridge to be 45cm higher than the plane of the rice field, and enabling the ridge width to be 90 cm; then digging an annular deep ditch along the inner side of the ridge to form an annular dart target type annular ditch, digging a communication ditch among a plurality of annular ditches, arranging lobster separation nets in the communication ditch, arranging double-layer escape-proof nets on the side surfaces of the ridge of the rice field, paving sludge among the escape-proof nets, and paving sludge outside the outermost escape-proof net again;
s2, preparing a soft environment of the rice field: adopting quicklime to disinfect a rice field and a deep ditch, and then applying 30kg of urea, 23kg of calcium superphosphate and 58kg of straw ash to each mu of the rice field; applying 35kg of decomposed farmyard manure to each mu of deep water ditches;
s3, planting aquatic weeds: the aquatic weeds are not only indispensable plant baits for the crayfishes, but also important barriers and places for the crayfishes to inhabit, exuviate and avoid enemies, and have the important functions of adjusting water quality, keeping the water quality fresh and improving the dissolved oxygen of water bodies, mainly takes the aquatic turfgrass, the water hyacinth and the waterweed as the main materials, and then removes tall and big grass trees around the pond stems;
s4, planting rice: rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 17cm of plant spacing and 28cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the culture deep ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period;
s5, releasing shrimps: after the aquatic plants in the deep ditch survive, putting the young shrimps into the deep ditch, putting 5kg of the young shrimps into the deep ditch of each mu of the rice field, wherein the ratio of male and female shrimps is 4: 1, and feeding the young shrimps in the first half month by using the aquatic plants and microorganisms as food; after half a year, snails, freshwater mussel meat, small trash fish, earthworms, green grass and water hyacinth are put into the pond as feed, the animal feed and the plant feed are put into the pond according to the proportion of 2: 1, and the feed amount of the feed fed every day is about 8 percent of the total weight of shrimps in the pond;
s6, cultivation management: sprinkling quicklime water once a month or applying monocalcium phosphate once, 3 kg/mu each time, alternately using, and pouring and replacing new water, changing water once every 6 days, wherein the water level for each time of replacement is about 22 cm; in the heading and flowering period of the rice, fresh water is added into the rice field every day, and the added fresh water overflows the deep ditch for 4cm, so that the crayfish ingests rice flowers on the water surface; in the shallow water period of the rice, the sediment in the deep ditch is fished out and is uniformly thrown in the field to be used as rice fertilizer;
s7, catching shrimps: fishing after the shrimp forming specification is reached, and when the shrimp forming specification is more, putting the water stored in the rice field into a rice field and/or a circular ditch for cage fishing; draining the rice field when the number of shrimps is small, and putting the shrimps in a deep water ditch of the rice field for catching; and (3) storing the grown shrimps which are left in 1/4 by volatilization every time, and performing second round of shrimp breeding after disinfection treatment.
Specifically, the shrimps are procambarus clarkia.
Specifically, the deepest part of the deep trench in step S1 is 1.1 m.
Specifically, in step S3, the aquatic weeds are water hyacinth.
Specifically, the lobster separation net and the escape-proof net in the step S1 are polypropylene dense-mesh safety nets.
Specifically, in step S5, when the density of shrimp seeds or parent shrimps stocking in the shrimp ditches is high, in order to prevent the shrimp seeds from entering the field in advance before rice transplanting, a fence can be built outside the small ridges of the shrimp ditches, a diffuse scattering greenhouse film, asbestos tiles or 23-mesh net pieces are selected as fence materials, and dense-mesh fences are required for preventing the water inlet and the water outlet of the rice field from escaping.
Specifically, the diffuse scattering greenhouse film is prepared from a polyethylene raw material, a diffuse scattering master batch and a heat insulation master batch.
Specifically, the asbestos shingle is iron asbestos.
Specifically, in step S1, a rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, strong water retention capacity, good ecological environment, no pollution source around, fertile soil and natural bottom structure is selected.
Specifically, the retaining wall is built by matching soil with plastic plates around the rice field.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an ecological rice and shrimp breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a rice field hard environment: selecting a rice field, heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is 48cm higher than the plane of the rice field and the width of the ridge is 95 cm; then digging an annular deep ditch along the inner side of the ridge to form an annular dart target type annular ditch, digging a communication ditch among a plurality of annular ditches, arranging lobster separation nets in the communication ditch, arranging double-layer escape-proof nets on the side surfaces of the ridge of the rice field, paving sludge among the escape-proof nets, and paving sludge outside the outermost escape-proof net again;
s2, preparing a soft environment of the rice field: adopting quicklime to disinfect a rice field and a deep ditch, and then applying 30kg of urea, 24kg of calcium superphosphate and 59kg of straw ash to each mu of the rice field; applying 38kg of decomposed farmyard manure to each mu of deep water ditches;
s3, planting aquatic weeds: the aquatic weeds are not only indispensable plant baits for the crayfishes, but also important barriers and places for the crayfishes to inhabit, exuviate and avoid enemies, and have the important functions of adjusting water quality, keeping the water quality fresh and improving the dissolved oxygen of water bodies, mainly takes the aquatic turfgrass, the water hyacinth and the waterweed as the main materials, and then removes tall and big grass trees around the pond stems;
s4, planting rice: rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 19cm of plant spacing and 29cm of row spacing, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the culture deep ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period;
s5, releasing shrimps: after the aquatic plants in the deep ditch survive, putting the young shrimps into the deep ditch, putting 4kg of the young shrimps into the deep ditch of the rice field per mu of the rice field, wherein the ratio of male and female shrimps is 3: 1, and feeding the young shrimps in the first half month by using the aquatic plants and microorganisms; after half a year, snails, freshwater mussel meat, small trash fish, earthworms, green grass and water hyacinth are put into the pond as feed, the animal feed and the plant feed are put into the pond according to the proportion of 2: 1, and the feed amount of the feed fed every day is about 8 percent of the total weight of shrimps in the pond;
s6, cultivation management: sprinkling quicklime water once a month or applying monocalcium phosphate once, 3 kg/mu each time, alternately using, and pouring and replacing new water, changing water once every 6 days, wherein the water level for each time of replacement is about 22 cm; in the heading and flowering period of the rice, fresh water is added into the rice field every day, and the added fresh water overflows the deep ditch for 3cm, so that the crayfish ingests rice flowers on the water surface; in the shallow water period of the rice, the sediment in the deep ditch is fished out and is uniformly thrown in the field to be used as rice fertilizer;
s7, catching shrimps: fishing after the shrimp forming specification is reached, and when the shrimp forming specification is more, putting the water stored in the rice field into a rice field and/or a circular ditch for cage fishing; draining the rice field when the number of shrimps is small, and putting the shrimps in a deep water ditch of the rice field for catching; and (3) storing the grown shrimps which are left in 1/4 by volatilization every time, and performing second round of shrimp breeding after disinfection treatment.
Specifically, the shrimps are procambarus clarkia.
Specifically, the deepest part of the deep trench in step S1 is 1.2 meters.
Specifically, the waterweed in step S3 is elodea nutans.
Specifically, the lobster separation net and the escape-proof net in the step S1 are polypropylene dense-mesh safety nets.
Specifically, in step S5, when the density of shrimp seedlings or parent shrimps stocking in the shrimp ditches is high, in order to prevent the shrimp seedlings from entering the field in advance before rice transplanting, fences can be built outside the small ridges of the shrimp ditches, diffuse scattering greenhouse films, asbestos tiles or 21-25-mesh net sheets are selected as fence materials, and dense net fences are required for preventing escape of water inlets and water outlets of the rice field.
Specifically, the diffuse scattering greenhouse film is prepared from a polyethylene raw material, a diffuse scattering master batch and a heat insulation master batch.
Specifically, the asbestos shingle is a blue asbestos.
Specifically, in step S1, a rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, strong water retention capacity, good ecological environment, no pollution source around, fertile soil and natural bottom structure is selected.
Specifically, the retaining wall is built by matching soil with plastic plates around the rice field.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation. The phrase "comprising a defined element does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological rice and shrimp breeding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a rice field hard environment: selecting a rice field, heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to make the ridge 42-48cm higher than the plane of the rice field and the ridge width 85-95 cm; then digging an annular deep ditch along the inner side of the ridge to form an annular dart target type annular ditch, digging a communication ditch among a plurality of annular ditches, arranging lobster separation nets in the communication ditch, arranging double-layer escape-proof nets on the side surfaces of the ridge of the rice field, paving sludge among the escape-proof nets, and paving sludge outside the outermost escape-proof net again;
s2, preparing a soft environment of the rice field: sterilizing a rice field and a deep ditch by using quicklime, and then applying 30kg of urea, 21-24kg of calcium superphosphate and 55-59kg of straw ash to each mu of the rice field; applying 32-38kg of decomposed farmyard manure to each mu of deep water ditches;
s3, planting aquatic weeds: the aquatic weeds are not only indispensable plant baits for the crayfishes, but also important barriers and places for the crayfishes to inhabit, exuviate and avoid enemies, and have the important functions of adjusting water quality, keeping the water quality fresh and improving the dissolved oxygen of water bodies, mainly takes the aquatic turfgrass, the water hyacinth and the waterweed as the main materials, and then removes tall and big grass trees around the pond stems;
s4, planting rice: rice seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance and fertility resistance are inserted into the disinfected and fattened rice field, the density of the rice seedlings is 16-19cm, the row spacing is 26-29cm, and the rice seedlings are not planted in the deep-water cultivation ditch; performing normal rice planting management in the later period;
s5, releasing shrimps: after the aquatic plants in the deep ditch survive, putting the young shrimps into the deep ditch, putting 3-4kg of the young shrimps into the deep ditch of the rice field per mu of the rice field, wherein the ratio of male and female shrimps is 2-3: 1, and feeding the young shrimps in the first half month by using the aquatic plants and microorganisms as food; after half a year, snails, freshwater mussel meat, small trash fish, earthworms, green grass and water hyacinth are put into the pond as feed, the animal feed and the plant feed are put into the pond according to the proportion of 2: 1, and the feed amount of the feed fed every day is about 8 percent of the total weight of shrimps in the pond;
s6, cultivation management: sprinkling quicklime water once a month or applying monocalcium phosphate once, 3 kg/mu each time, alternately using, and pouring and replacing new water, changing water once every 6 days, wherein the water level for each time of replacement is about 22 cm; in the heading and flowering period of the rice, fresh water is added into the rice field every day, and the added fresh water overflows the deep ditch for 2-3cm, so that the crayfish ingests rice flowers on the water surface; in the shallow water period of the rice, the sediment in the deep ditch is fished out and is uniformly thrown in the field to be used as rice fertilizer;
s7, catching shrimps: fishing after the shrimp forming specification is reached, and when the shrimp forming specification is more, putting the water stored in the rice field into a rice field and/or a circular ditch for cage fishing; draining the rice field when the number of shrimps is small, and putting the shrimps in a deep water ditch of the rice field for catching; and (3) storing the grown shrimps which are left in 1/4 by volatilization every time, and performing second round of shrimp breeding after disinfection treatment.
2. The ecological rice and shrimp breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the shrimps bred are procambarus clarkia.
3. The ecological rice and shrimp breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the deepest part of the deep ditch in the step S1 is 1-1.2 meters.
4. The ecological rice and shrimp breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the aquatic weed is one or more of Chinese juniper, water hyacinth and waterweed.
5. The ecological rice and shrimp breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the lobster separation net and the escape-proof net in the step S1 are polypropylene dense-mesh safety nets.
6. The ecological rice and shrimp breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S5, when the density of the shrimp seedlings or parent shrimps stocked in the shrimp ditches is high, in order to prevent the shrimp seedlings from entering the field in advance before rice transplanting, fences can be built outside the small ridges of the shrimp ditches, diffuse scattering greenhouse films, asbestos tiles or 21-25 meshes of net sheets are selected as fence materials, and dense nets are required for preventing escape at the water inlet and the water outlet of the rice field.
7. The ecological rice and shrimp breeding method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diffuse scattering greenhouse film is prepared from a polyethylene raw material, a diffuse scattering master batch and a heat insulation master batch.
8. The ecological rice and shrimp breeding method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the asbestos shingle is one or more of chrysotile, iron asbestos and asbestos wool.
9. The ecological rice and shrimp breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the paddy field needs to be selected to have sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, strong water retention capacity, good ecological environment, no pollution source around, fertile soil and natural bottom structure.
10. The ecological rice and shrimp breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: soil is used to match with plastic plates to build the retaining wall around the rice field.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113229079A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-10 | 湖州市植保检疫与耕肥管理站 | Ecological control method suitable for large-area rice, fishing and duck ternary asymmetric co-culture |
| CN113396788A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-17 | 安徽省鸿图生态农业有限公司 | Crayfish and rice symbiotic culture system |
| CN115250850A (en) * | 2022-08-27 | 2022-11-01 | 湖南省水稻研究所 | Method for preventing water leakage of rice and shrimp rotation ridge |
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2020
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113229079A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-10 | 湖州市植保检疫与耕肥管理站 | Ecological control method suitable for large-area rice, fishing and duck ternary asymmetric co-culture |
| CN113396788A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-17 | 安徽省鸿图生态农业有限公司 | Crayfish and rice symbiotic culture system |
| CN115250850A (en) * | 2022-08-27 | 2022-11-01 | 湖南省水稻研究所 | Method for preventing water leakage of rice and shrimp rotation ridge |
| CN115250850B (en) * | 2022-08-27 | 2023-10-27 | 湖南省水稻研究所 | Water leakage preventing method for rice and shrimp rotation ridge |
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