CN114770234B - Laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool and processing method - Google Patents
Laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool and processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114770234B CN114770234B CN202210369097.8A CN202210369097A CN114770234B CN 114770234 B CN114770234 B CN 114770234B CN 202210369097 A CN202210369097 A CN 202210369097A CN 114770234 B CN114770234 B CN 114770234B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
- B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
- B24B47/12—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/20—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor relating to feed movement
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool and a processing method. The combined machining device comprises a lathe bed, a fixing frame, a workbench, a combined machining main shaft and a servo driving module, wherein the fixing frame is arranged on the lathe bed, the combined machining main shaft is movably connected to the fixing frame, the workbench is movably connected to the lathe bed, the servo driving module is used for adjusting the position of the combined machining main shaft relative to the workbench, the laser head is rotationally connected to the combined machining main shaft, and optical path transmission systems are distributed in multiple directions around the combined machining main shaft. The laser steering driving device is arranged at the tail end of the composite processing main shaft, can drive the laser head to rotate around the main shaft, ensures that a laser focusing point is always kept at the front end of a grinding tool, realizes laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding moving along the four feeding directions of an X axis and a Y axis, processes a back-shaped track on a workpiece, and saves the processing time of a complex processing path while ensuring the processing quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of special machining, in particular to a laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool and a machining method.
Background
Ultrasonic-assisted grinding is a method of processing materials at ultrasonic frequencies that impart small vibrations to conventional grinding wheels. The existence of vibration can make the grinding wheel and workpiece intermittently separated, and can change the working condition of workpiece by changing the movement mode of working tool, and can change the single grinding action into mechanical grinding action, high-frequency micro-impact and ultrasonic cavitation action, etc.. Ultrasonic vibration assist can increase the critical depth of cut of a material transitioning from brittle to ductile domain when cutting a brittle material. In the ultrasonic auxiliary grinding process, high-frequency ultrasonic vibration can generate cavitation and expansion crack effects, so that the grinding wheel can be prevented from being blocked, and the grinding efficiency is improved.
The laser auxiliary processing is to heat the processing area of the workpiece material by taking a high-energy laser beam as a heat source, so that the temperature of the processing area of the workpiece material is rapidly increased, and the purposes of softening the workpiece material and reducing the hard and brittle surface layer are achieved. In the laser-assisted grinding process, the brittleness of the material can be reduced by adding the laser, the removing mode of the material is changed, the plasticity removability of the workpiece is enhanced, the grinding force can be reduced, the grinding vibration is slowed down, the abrasion degree of the grinding tool is reduced, and the surface quality of the workpiece after processing is improved.
Silicon carbide belongs to a third-generation semiconductor material, and is widely applied to space optical systems and laser components because of a series of advantages of moderate density, small thermal expansion coefficient, wide band gap, thermal shock resistance, strong radiation resistance and the like. However, silicon carbide is a hard and brittle material, so that brittle fracture phenomenon easily occurs during processing, and the final processing quality is poor. Research shows that when the plane grinding of the silicon carbide material is carried out, the ultrasonic auxiliary grinding processing can effectively reduce the cutting force and improve the processing quality; in addition, in the laser-assisted grinding process of the silicon carbide material, the laser-assisted heating increases the temperature of the material to be removed, softens the material, reduces the hardness, increases the fluidity of the material, changes the removal mode of the material from brittle fracture into plastic removal, reduces the processing difficulty of the material, and improves the processing surface quality.
The processing method has the following defects:
for laser composite auxiliary grinding of hard and brittle materials (microcrystalline glass, silicon carbide and the like) and composite materials (particle reinforced metal matrix composite materials, fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite materials and the like) which are difficult to process, a laser head is only arranged on one side of a main shaft at present, and processing can only be carried out along one feeding direction, so that the processing has limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems, a laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool and a processing method are provided. The invention can focus laser in front of the grinding tool, solves the problem of machining in a single feeding direction, realizes high-quality machining and shortens the machining time of a complex path. The invention adopts the following technical means:
the utility model provides a compound supersound auxiliary grinding lathe of laser, includes lathe bed, mount, workstation, compound processing main shaft and servo drive module, the mount is installed on the lathe bed, compound processing main shaft movably connects on the mount, be equipped with supersound auxiliary processing system and laser processing system on the compound processing main shaft, can realize supersound auxiliary grinding and the synchronous auxiliary processing of laser, the workstation is movably connected on the lathe bed, servo drive module is used for adjusting compound processing main shaft for the position of workstation, rotate the laser head that is connected with laser processing system on the compound processing main shaft, a plurality of directions all distribute around the compound processing main shaft have light path transmission system, still include control system, control system is used for controlling the motion of compound processing main shaft, workstation and laser head around compound processing main shaft, makes laser focus in the place ahead of the emery wheel direction of compound processing main shaft output, carries out laser and the compound auxiliary plane grinding of supersound to the work piece. During machining, laser can modify a region to be machined of the workpiece, brittleness of materials can be reduced, workability of the workpiece is improved, and ultrasonic auxiliary grinding quality is improved; the ultrasonic auxiliary processing system and the laser processing system are arranged on the same composite processing main shaft, so that synchronous auxiliary grinding of laser and ultrasonic is realized.
Further, the fixing frame comprises a portal frame, a Z-axis servo driving module is arranged on the portal frame and connected with the composite processing main shaft to control the Z-direction movement of the Z-axis servo driving module, and an ultrasonic auxiliary processing system and a laser system are arranged at the top of the portal frame.
Further, a Y-axis servo driving module is arranged at the bottom of the lathe bed and connected with a Y-axis platform to control the Y-axis platform to move, and an X-axis servo driving module is arranged on the Y-axis platform and connected with a workbench to control the X-axis platform to move.
Further, the servo driving module comprises a servo motor, a ball screw and a linear guide rail, and the servo motor is connected with the machine tool control cabinet through a circuit.
Further, the ultrasonic auxiliary processing system comprises an ultrasonic power supply, a spindle motor, an ultrasonic transmission device, an ultrasonic tool handle and a grinding wheel, wherein the ultrasonic power supply is used for generating a high-frequency sinusoidal alternating current signal, the spindle motor is used for realizing rotation of the grinding wheel, and the high-frequency sinusoidal alternating current signal generated by the ultrasonic power supply is transmitted to the ultrasonic tool handle through the ultrasonic transmission device, so that the grinding wheel generates ultrasonic vibration, and ultrasonic auxiliary grinding of a workpiece is realized.
Further, the laser processing system comprises an optical fiber laser light source, an optical path steering mechanism, an optical path transmission system, a focusing device and a laser head, wherein the optical fiber laser light source is used for outputting high-intensity laser, the high-intensity laser enters the optical path transmission system through the laser head steering mechanism to be transmitted to the focusing device and the laser head, is focused on a workpiece, softens the workpiece at high temperature and realizes laser auxiliary processing.
Further, the optical path steering mechanism comprises a rotary reflecting mirror and a rotary motor connected with the rotary reflecting mirror, and the rotary motor is used for driving the rotary reflecting mirror to steer, so that laser is reflected into different optical paths and always focused in front of the grinding tool, and laser auxiliary grinding processing in different feeding directions is realized.
Further, the optical path transmission system is arranged in four directions of 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree around the main shaft, the focusing device and the laser head are arranged on a laser steering driving device at the tail end of the composite processing main shaft, and the laser steering driving device comprises a driving motor and a gear adjusting mechanism connected with the driving motor.
The invention also discloses a laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool and a processing method, which can realize laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary plane grinding of hard and brittle materials difficult to process, and comprises the following steps:
step one: fixing the workpiece on a workbench by using a pressing plate clamp and completing clamping of the workpiece;
step two: the grinding wheel is arranged on the ultrasonic knife handle;
step three: the workbench is moved to the lower part of the composite processing main shaft by driving the Y-axis servo driving module and the X-axis servo driving module to perform tool setting;
step four: adjusting the height of the laser head, starting an optical fiber laser source, and focusing laser on a workpiece;
step five: turning on an ultrasonic power supply, transmitting a signal to an ultrasonic knife handle through an ultrasonic transmission device, and enabling the grinding wheel to generate axial high-frequency vibration;
step six: starting an ultrasonic machining spindle motor, and driving the grinding wheel to rotate at a high speed through the ultrasonic knife handle;
step seven: controlling the movement of the composite machining main shaft, the workbench and the laser head around the composite machining main shaft through a machining program, focusing laser in front of the feeding direction of the grinding wheel, and carrying out laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary plane grinding on a workpiece;
step eight: and after the machining is finished, the fiber laser light source, the ultrasonic power supply and the spindle motor are turned off, and the workpiece is taken off from the workbench.
Further, in the fifth step, the vibration frequency is 20-25kHz and the amplitude is 5-10 μm.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the laser head is arranged on the composite processing main shaft through the gear, so that the rotation of the laser head around the composite processing main shaft is realized, the processing in four feeding directions (0 DEG, 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 DEG) can be realized, the high-quality processing of hard and brittle materials difficult to process can be realized, the processing quality is ensured, and the processing time of a complex processing path is saved.
2. The Y-axis platform, the workbench, the composite machining main shaft and the laser head control motor can realize multi-axis linkage through computer programs.
3. The invention overcomes the limitation that hard and brittle materials difficult to process can only be fed in one direction during laser compound ultrasonic auxiliary grinding, laser transmission systems are distributed in four directions (0 DEG, 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 DEG) around the main shaft, the rotation of a laser head around the main shaft is realized by using a laser steering driving device, the laser compound ultrasonic auxiliary grinding in four feeding directions (0 DEG, 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 DEG) can be completed, the workpiece can be processed in a zigzag track, and the processing time of a complex processing path is shortened.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a movement structure of a laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a processing procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary processing in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view illustrating four feeding directions according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a), (b), (c), and (d) are angles of (0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 °).
In the figure: 1. a bed body; 2. a portal frame; 3. a composite machining main shaft; 31. an ultrasonic-assisted machining system; 311. an ultrasonic power supply; 312. a spindle motor; 313. an ultrasonic transmission device; 314. an ultrasonic knife handle; 315. grinding wheel; 32. a laser processing system; 321. a fiber laser light source; 322. rotating the mirror; 323. a rotating electric machine; 324. an optical path transmission system; 325. a focusing device; 326. a laser head; 4. a Z-axis servo driving module; 5. an X-axis servo driving module; 6. a Y-axis platform; 7. a Y-axis servo driving module; 71. a servo motor; 72. a ball screw; 73. a linear guide rail; 8. a work table; 9. a laser steering driving device; 91. a large gear; 92. a pinion gear; 93. and driving the motor.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool, which comprises a machine body 1, a fixing frame, a workbench, a composite machining main shaft 3 and a servo driving module, wherein the fixing frame is arranged on the machine body 1, the composite machining main shaft 3 is movably connected to the fixing frame, an ultrasonic auxiliary machining system 31 and a laser machining system 32 are arranged on the composite machining main shaft, ultrasonic auxiliary grinding and laser synchronous auxiliary machining can be realized, the workbench 8 is movably connected to the machine body, the servo driving module is used for adjusting the position of the composite machining main shaft relative to the workbench, a laser head 326 connected with the laser machining system 32 is rotated on the composite machining main shaft, optical path transmission systems 324 are distributed in a plurality of directions around the composite machining main shaft 3, and the laser composite grinding machine tool further comprises a control system which is used for controlling the movement of the composite machining main shaft 3, the workbench 8 and the laser head 326 around the composite machining main shaft 3 through motors in the servo driving systems and the laser machining systems, so that the laser is focused in front of the feeding direction of the composite machining main shaft 315 and the laser head 3, and the ultrasonic auxiliary grinding plane is carried out on a workpiece.
In this embodiment, the fixing frame includes a gantry 2, two ends of the gantry 2 are mounted on left and right sides of the lathe bed, the composite processing spindle 3 is movably connected to a Z-axis servo driving module 4,Z provided on a beam portion of the fixing frame, specifically, the gantry, and the Z-axis servo driving module 4 is connected to the composite processing spindle 3 and controls the motion of the composite processing spindle in the Z direction, and an ultrasonic auxiliary processing system and a laser system are mounted on the top of the gantry 2.
As an alternative implementation mode, the bottom of the lathe bed is provided with a Y-axis servo driving module 7 which is connected with the Y-axis platform 6 and controls the Y-direction movement of the Y-axis platform; an X-axis servo driving module 5 is arranged on the Y-axis platform 6 and is connected with the workbench and controls the workbench to move in the X direction, so that the workbench 8 is movably connected with the lathe bed; in other alternative embodiments, the positions of the X-axis servo drive module and the Y-axis servo drive module are exchanged, and the Y-axis platform is used as the X-axis platform, so that the adjustment of the position of the workbench can be completed.
In this embodiment, the X-axis servo driving module 7, the Y-axis servo driving module 5 and the Z-axis servo driving module 4 each include a servo motor 71, a ball screw 72 and a linear guide rail 73, the servo motor is connected with a machine tool control cabinet through a circuit, and the servo driving module controls the movement of the Y-axis platform 6, the workbench 8 and the composite machining spindle 3 according to a machining program, so that plane grinding machining is realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the ultrasonic-assisted processing system adopted in this embodiment includes an ultrasonic power supply 311, a spindle motor 312, an ultrasonic transmission device 313, an ultrasonic tool holder 314 and a grinding wheel 315, where the ultrasonic power supply is used to generate a high-frequency sinusoidal ac signal, the spindle motor 312 is used to implement rotation of the grinding wheel 315, and the high-frequency sinusoidal ac signal generated by the ultrasonic power supply is transmitted to the ultrasonic tool holder 314 through the ultrasonic transmission device 313, so that the grinding wheel 315 generates ultrasonic vibration, and ultrasonic-assisted grinding of a workpiece is implemented.
As shown in fig. 3, the laser processing system includes a fiber laser source 321, a light path steering mechanism, a light path transmission system 324, a focusing device 325 and a laser head 326, where the fiber laser source is used to output high-intensity laser, and the high-intensity laser enters the light path transmission system through the light path steering mechanism to be transmitted to the focusing device and the laser head, focused on a workpiece, softened at high temperature, and processed in an auxiliary manner.
The laser steering driving device 9 is arranged at the tail end of the composite processing main shaft, and can drive the laser head to rotate around the main shaft, so that the laser focusing point is always kept at the front end of the grinding tool, and the laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding along the four feeding directions of the X axis and the Y axis is realized. As a preferred embodiment, the optical path steering mechanism includes a rotary mirror 323 and a rotary motor 323 connected with the rotary mirror 323, both are installed at the top of the composite processing spindle 3, the rotary motor is connected with the control system, and the rotary motor is used for driving the rotary mirror to steer, so that laser is reflected into different optical paths and always focused in front of the grinding tool, and laser-assisted grinding processing in different feeding directions is realized. The optical path transmission system is arranged in four directions of 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree around the main shaft, the transmission of laser in the four directions can be realized, the focusing device and the laser head are arranged on the laser steering driving device 9 at the tail end of the composite processing main shaft, the laser steering driving device comprises a driving motor 93 and a gear adjusting mechanism connected with the driving motor, the gear adjusting mechanism comprises a small gear connected with the driving motor and a large gear meshed with the small gear, the small gear 92 and the large gear 91 are driven by the driving motor 93 to realize the rotation of the focusing device 325 and the laser head 326 around the composite processing main shaft 3, and further the laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding in the four feeding directions of 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree is realized as shown in fig. 6.
The invention also discloses a laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool and a processing method, which can realize laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary plane grinding of hard and brittle materials difficult to process, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, and comprises the following steps:
step one: fixing the workpiece on a workbench by using a pressing plate clamp and completing clamping of the workpiece;
step two: the grinding wheel is arranged on the ultrasonic knife handle;
step three: the workbench is moved to the lower part of the composite processing main shaft by driving the Y-axis servo driving module and the X-axis servo driving module to perform tool setting;
step four: the height of the laser head is regulated, an optical fiber laser light source is started, so that laser is focused on a workpiece, the material of the workpiece is heated, and the hardness of the material is reduced;
step five: turning on an ultrasonic power supply, transmitting a signal to an ultrasonic knife handle through an ultrasonic transmission device, and enabling the grinding wheel to generate axial high-frequency vibration; in this example, the vibration frequency is 20-25kHz and the amplitude is 5-10 μm.
Step six: starting an ultrasonic machining spindle motor, and driving the grinding wheel to rotate at a high speed through the ultrasonic knife handle;
step seven: controlling the movement of the composite machining main shaft, the workbench and the laser head around the composite machining main shaft through a machining program, focusing laser in front of the feeding direction of the grinding wheel, and carrying out laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary plane grinding on a workpiece;
step eight: and after the machining is finished, the fiber laser light source, the ultrasonic power supply and the spindle motor are turned off, and the workpiece is taken off from the workbench.
The invention sets a rotary reflector above the main shaft, which can reflect laser to the light path of four directions (0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree) around the main shaft, at the same time, sets a laser steering driving device at the end of the processing main shaft, which realizes the rotation of the laser head around the processing main shaft, makes the laser focus on four feeding directions (0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree), and can fully utilize the advantage of laser and ultrasonic compound auxiliary grinding, saves the processing time of complex processing path while guaranteeing the processing quality, and makes up the limitation of single direction feeding processing.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool is characterized by comprising a machine body, a fixing frame, a workbench, a composite machining main shaft and a servo driving module, wherein the fixing frame is arranged on the machine body, an ultrasonic auxiliary machining system and a laser system are arranged at the top of the fixing frame, the composite machining main shaft is movably connected to the fixing frame, and the ultrasonic auxiliary machining system and the laser machining system are arranged on the composite machining main shaft, so that ultrasonic auxiliary grinding and laser synchronous auxiliary machining can be realized;
the workbench is movably connected to the lathe bed, the servo driving module is used for adjusting the position of the composite processing main shaft relative to the workbench, the laser head connected with the laser processing system is rotated on the composite processing main shaft, the optical path transmission systems are distributed in multiple directions around the composite processing main shaft, the workbench and the laser head are controlled to move around the composite processing main shaft by the control system, so that the laser is focused in front of the feeding direction of a grinding wheel at the output end of the composite processing main shaft, and laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary plane grinding is carried out on a workpiece;
the laser processing system comprises an optical fiber laser light source, an optical path steering mechanism, an optical path transmission system, a focusing device and a laser head, wherein the optical fiber laser light source is used for outputting high-intensity laser, the high-intensity laser enters the optical path transmission system through the laser head steering mechanism to be transmitted to the focusing device and the laser head, and is focused on a workpiece, and the workpiece is softened at high temperature, so that laser auxiliary processing is realized; the optical path steering mechanism comprises a rotary reflecting mirror and a rotary motor connected with the rotary reflecting mirror, the rotary reflecting mirror and the rotary motor are arranged at the top of the composite processing main shaft, the rotary motor is connected with the control system, and the rotary motor is used for driving the rotary reflecting mirror to steer, so that laser is reflected into different optical paths and always focused in front of the grinding tool, and laser auxiliary grinding processing in different feeding directions is realized; the optical path transmission system is arranged in four directions of 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree around the main shaft, the focusing device and the laser head are arranged on the laser steering driving device at the tail end of the composite processing main shaft, and the laser steering driving device comprises a driving motor and a gear adjusting mechanism connected with the driving motor; the laser head is driven to rotate around the main shaft, so that a laser focusing point is positioned at the front end of the grinding tool, and laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding which moves along the four feeding directions of the X axis and the Y axis is realized; the gear adjusting mechanism comprises a pinion connected to the driving motor and a large gear meshed with the pinion, and the rotation of the focusing device and the laser head around the composite processing main shaft is realized by driving the pinion and the large gear through the driving motor.
2. The laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the fixing frame comprises a portal frame, and a Z-axis servo driving module is arranged on the portal frame and is connected with the composite machining main shaft and controls the Z-direction movement of the Z-axis servo driving module.
3. The laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the machine body is provided with a Y-axis servo driving module which is connected with a Y-axis platform and controls the Y-direction movement of the machine body, and the Y-axis platform is provided with an X-axis servo driving module which is connected with a workbench and controls the X-direction movement of the machine body.
4. The laser composite ultrasonic-assisted grinding machine tool of claim 1, wherein the servo driving module comprises a servo motor, a ball screw and a linear guide rail, and the servo motor is connected with a machine tool control cabinet through a circuit.
5. The laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic auxiliary processing system comprises an ultrasonic power supply, a spindle motor, an ultrasonic transmission device, an ultrasonic tool holder and a grinding wheel, the ultrasonic power supply is used for generating a high-frequency sinusoidal alternating current signal, the spindle motor is used for realizing rotation of the grinding wheel, the high-frequency sinusoidal alternating current signal generated by the ultrasonic power supply is transmitted to the ultrasonic tool holder through the ultrasonic transmission device, so that the grinding wheel generates ultrasonic vibration, and ultrasonic auxiliary grinding of a workpiece is realized.
6. The processing method of the laser composite ultrasonic-assisted grinding machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step one: fixing the workpiece on a workbench by using a pressing plate clamp and completing clamping of the workpiece;
step two: the grinding wheel is arranged on the ultrasonic knife handle;
step three: the workbench is moved to the lower part of the composite processing main shaft by driving the Y-axis servo driving module and the X-axis servo driving module to perform tool setting;
step four: adjusting the height of the laser head, starting an optical fiber laser source, and focusing laser on a workpiece;
step five: turning on an ultrasonic power supply, transmitting a signal to an ultrasonic knife handle through an ultrasonic transmission device, and enabling the grinding wheel to generate axial high-frequency vibration;
step six: starting an ultrasonic machining spindle motor, and driving the grinding wheel to rotate at a high speed through the ultrasonic knife handle;
step seven: controlling the movement of the composite machining main shaft, the workbench and the laser head around the composite machining main shaft through a machining program, focusing laser in front of the feeding direction of the grinding wheel, and carrying out laser and ultrasonic composite auxiliary plane grinding on a workpiece;
step eight: and after the machining is finished, the fiber laser light source, the ultrasonic power supply and the spindle motor are turned off, and the workpiece is taken off from the workbench.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the fifth step, the vibration frequency is 20-25kHz and the amplitude is 5-10 μm.
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| CN115198084A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-10-18 | 江苏大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted laser shot blasting composite strengthening device and method |
| CN115283996B (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2024-03-22 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Laser and multi-band vibration grinding and polishing coaxial composite machining system and machining method |
| CN115647940B (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-06-21 | 大连理工大学 | Method for grinding hard and brittle materials on side face by laser synchronous auxiliary ultrasonic |
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