CN112514784A - Facility vegetable simple matrix cultivation system and application method - Google Patents
Facility vegetable simple matrix cultivation system and application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112514784A CN112514784A CN202011281971.XA CN202011281971A CN112514784A CN 112514784 A CN112514784 A CN 112514784A CN 202011281971 A CN202011281971 A CN 202011281971A CN 112514784 A CN112514784 A CN 112514784A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
- A01G27/003—Controls for self-acting watering devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a facility vegetable simple matrix cultivation system which comprises a cultivation groove and an irrigation device. The bottom of the cultivation trough is provided with a percolation layer, two sides of the cultivation trough are paved with electric heating belts, a soil temperature sensor and a water content sensor are buried in a cultivation medium, the micro-spraying belts are arranged at the middle upper part of the cultivation medium, and crops are fixedly planted on two sides of the micro-spraying belts in a staggered mode; in the production process, accurate rhizosphere temperature control and irrigation are realized under the control of a built-in program according to the monitoring condition of the sensor. The embodiment results show that the facility vegetable simple substrate cultivation system provided by the invention effectively improves the yield and quality of vegetables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a facility vegetable simple matrix cultivation system and an application method, and belongs to the field of agricultural production.
Background
Facility agriculture has been vigorously developed in recent years as one of the main forms of modern agriculture. Meanwhile, with the increase of the population and economic activities of the world, the demand of people for agricultural products is continuously increased; therefore, improving the land utilization rate and the multiple cropping index become the main trend of agriculture at present. However, due to the characteristic of relative tightness of the environment in the facility and the factors such as the driving of the planting habits and economic benefits of farmers, the single crop planting and the high water and fertilizer input become the normal state of the facility vegetable planting, so that the ecological environment in the facility is worsened, the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of soil is increasingly prominent, and the sustainable development of the facility vegetables is limited. Although the soilless culture can solve the problem, the traditional nutrient solution type soilless culture technology is difficult to master, the input cost is high, and the large-area popularization and application in actual production are not facilitated. The existing organic ecological soilless culture technology overcomes the defects to a certain extent, but the culture tank is usually isolated from a soil layer by a plastic film, so that the substrate is poor in air permeability and water permeability; and the controllability and practicability of the irrigation device and the heating device are not enough.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a facility vegetable simple substrate cultivation system and an application method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a facility vegetable simple matrix cultivation system, which comprises a cultivation groove and an irrigation device, wherein the cultivation groove is provided with a plurality of cultivation grooves;
the cultivation tank is underground semi-closed, electric heating belts are laid on two sides of the cultivation tank, a black and white film is used for isolating a cultivation substrate from a soil layer, slag with the thickness of 3-5 cm is filled at the bottom of the cultivation tank to serve as a percolation layer, non-woven fabrics are laid on the percolation layer to cover the cultivation substrate with the thickness of 20cm, and a soil temperature sensor is arranged in the cultivation substrate;
the irrigation device comprises a liquid storage barrel, a filter, a regulating valve, a liquid conveying pipe, a water pump, an electromagnetic valve, a micro-spraying belt, a controller and a soil moisture sensor.
The cultivation grooves run in the north-south direction, the upper aperture width is 50cm, the lower aperture width is 35cm, and the depth is 25 cm.
The culture medium is prepared by mixing crushed bamboo shoot shells, rice straws, mushroom dregs and chicken manure according to a volume ratio of 7-8: 7-8: 7-8: 6-9.
The electric heating belt and the soil temperature sensor in the cultivation groove are connected with the controller.
And a water pump and an electromagnetic valve are arranged on a liquid conveying pipe in the irrigation system and are connected with a controller.
And the soil moisture sensor in the irrigation system is embedded in the culture substrate and is connected with the controller.
The micro-spraying belt in the irrigation system is arranged on the middle upper part of the culture substrate.
And the controller is provided with a time control switch and a photovoltaic panel.
An application method of a facility vegetable simple matrix cultivation system comprises the following specific steps:
(1) filling culture medium in the culture tank, watering, and covering with plastic film. Sealing the greenhouse, and insolating for 10-15 days to achieve the purpose of disinfection;
(2) and placing the micro-spraying belts at the middle upper part of the culture medium, wherein the distance of each group of spray holes of the micro-spraying belts is 20cm, and crops are fixedly planted on the two sides of the micro-spraying belts in a staggered mode.
(3) In the production process, according to the monitoring condition of the temperature sensor, the on-off of a temperature control signal relay is controlled through a built-in program of the controller, so that the cultivation tank is heated; and according to the monitoring condition of the soil moisture sensor, the on-off of the water pump and the electromagnetic valve is controlled through a built-in program of the controller and a time control switch, so that the culture medium is irrigated.
The micro-spray belt irrigation system well solves the problem of uneven irrigation when a drip irrigation system is adopted due to the fact that the culture medium is loose and the capillary action and the transverse water diffusion capacity of the culture medium are poor; the double-row staggered planting mode improves the space among plants, but does not obviously change the cultivation density (namely, the number of the plants in each cultivation groove is less than that of the plants in the traditional double-row planting mode by adopting the double-row staggered planting mode).
The invention provides a facility vegetable simple matrix cultivation system which comprises a cultivation groove and an irrigation device. The bottom of the cultivation trough is provided with a percolation layer, two sides of the cultivation trough are paved with electric heating belts, a soil temperature sensor and a water content sensor are buried in a cultivation medium, the micro-spraying belts are arranged at the middle upper part of the cultivation medium, and crops are fixedly planted on two sides of the micro-spraying belts in a staggered mode; in the production process, accurate rhizosphere temperature control and irrigation are realized under the control of a built-in program according to the monitoring condition of the sensor. The embodiment results show that the facility vegetable simple substrate cultivation system provided by the invention effectively improves the yield and quality of vegetables.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the underground semi-enclosed cultivation tank of the present invention. In the figure: 1. a cultivation groove, 2, a soil layer, 3, an isolation layer and 4, a percolation layer;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the irrigation system. In the figure: 1. the device comprises a water storage tank, 2. a filter, 3. an adjusting valve, 4. a water pump, 5. an electromagnetic valve, 6. a photovoltaic panel, 7. a controller, 8. a time control switch, 9. a liquid conveying pipe, 10. a water meter and 11. a micro-spraying belt.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a facility vegetable simple substrate cultivation system which comprises a cultivation groove, a cultivation substrate arranged in the cultivation groove and an irrigation device. The cultivation tank is an underground semi-closed soil tank, wherein the cultivation medium and a soil layer are isolated by black and white films at two sides of the cultivation tank, slag with the thickness of 3-5 cm is filled at the bottom of the cultivation tank to be used as a percolation layer, non-woven fabrics are laid on the percolation layer, and then the cultivation medium is covered by 20 cm. The underground semi-closed cultivation groove runs in the north-south direction, the upper aperture width is 50cm, the lower aperture width is 35cm, the depth is 25cm, and the distance between the two grooves is 100 cm; electric heating belts and soil temperature sensors are laid on two sides of the cultivation groove, and the soil temperature sensors are connected with the controller. Irrigation equipment includes liquid storage bucket, filter, governing valve, transfer line, water pump, solenoid valve, controller in proper order, is equipped with flow control valve's spout area and soil moisture sensor a little, spout area every group orifice interval and be 20cm a little, spout the area a little and arrange upper portion in the culture medium, soil moisture sensor buries in the culture medium.
An application method of a facility vegetable simple matrix cultivation system takes tomatoes as an example, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) matrix disinfection: the cultivation medium (prepared by crushed bamboo shoot shells, rice straws, mushroom dregs and chicken manure according to the volume ratio of 7-8: 6-9) is filled in the cultivation groove, and is watered and covered with a plastic film. The greenhouse is sealed and exposed for 10 to 15 days to achieve the aim of disinfection;
(2) planting: placing the micro-spraying belts at the middle upper part of the culture medium, wherein the distance of each group of spray holes of the micro-spraying belts is 20cm, when the tomato seedlings grow to four leaves, planting the tomato seedlings on two sides of the micro-spraying belts in a staggered mode, the plant spacing is 40cm, the small row spacing is 30cm, the large row spacing is 120cm, and covering with a mulching film;
(3) plant management: when the plant grows to 30cm high, the vine should be timely hung and guided to grow upwards. The pruning mode adopts single-trunk pruning, and lateral branches, old leaves and diseased leaves are removed in time in the growth period to facilitate ventilation and light transmission;
(4) flower and fruit management: naturally retaining fruits in the flower and fruit period, wherein fruits with uniform growth, no diseases and pests, no wound and strong pedicels are retained in each cluster of fruits;
(5) temperature management: the rhizosphere temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃. In the production process, setting the lower limit temperature of the substrate to be 20 ℃ and the upper limit temperature to be 25 ℃; when the temperature of the substrate is monitored to be less than or equal to 20 ℃ by the sensor, starting the electric heating belt to start heating until the temperature of the substrate is greater than or equal to 25 ℃, and ending heating;
(6) water content management: the relative water content of the substrate is controlled to be 70-90%. In the production process, the lower irrigation limit is set to 70% of the relative water content of the substrate, the upper irrigation limit is set to 90%, and the irrigation time is set to 9: 00-11: 00 and 15: 00-17: 00 each day through a time control switch; and when the relative water content of the substrate is monitored by the sensor to be less than or equal to 70 percent and within the set irrigation time range, starting the electromagnetic valve and the water pump to start irrigation until the relative water content of the substrate is more than or equal to 90 percent, and ending the irrigation.
(7) Topdressing: the method for applying the water and fertilizer integrally is adopted, and the formula of the water and fertilizer of the tomato is referred to in a patent (CN 105519420B).
(8) Pest control: 2-4 multifunctional electrostatic insect-killing lamps are hung per mu, 20-30 yellow blue plates are hung per mu, and the hanging height is 1.5-1.8 m.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In order to research the influence of the cultivation facilities on the yield and the quality of the tomatoes, 2 treatments of a totally-enclosed cultivation tank and a semi-enclosed cultivation tank are arranged, wherein the two cultivation tanks are different in that whether the bottom of a percolation layer is isolated from a soil layer by a black and white film or not, and other parameters are kept consistent; the results show that the yield of tomatoes is better with the semi-closed cultivation tank (table 1).
TABLE 1 Effect of different cultivation facilities on tomato yield and quality
Example 2
In order to research the influence of the culture medium on the yield and the quality of the tomatoes, the semi-closed culture tank is adopted for culture, and the conventional organic ecological culture medium (the volume ratio of turf to perlite is 2: 1) and the composite culture medium provided by the invention are arranged for 2 treatments; the results in table 2 show that the effect of two culture mediums for cultivating tomatoes is almost the same, which indicates that the composite culture medium provided by the invention is suitable for cultivating tomatoes, and the raw materials of the culture medium come from local places, the materials are convenient to obtain, and the cost is low.
TABLE 2 influence of the cultivation substrate on tomato yield and quality
Example 3
In order to research the influence of the temperature of the culture medium on the yield and the quality of the tomatoes in winter, a semi-closed culture tank is adopted for culture, and 4 treatments of no heating, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃ and rhizosphere temperature are set; the results in Table 3 show that the tomato yield and quality are superior when heated at 20 ℃ and 25 ℃. Therefore, the rhizosphere temperature can be controlled to 20-25 ℃.
TABLE 3 Effect of cultivation substrate temperature on tomato yield and quality
Example 4
In order to research the influence of different irrigation lower limits on the yield and quality of tomatoes, a semi-closed cultivation tank is adopted for tank cultivation, 60%, 70% and 80% are set, 3 irrigation lower limits are set, and the irrigation upper limit is 90%. The results in table 4 show that with the increase of the irrigation lower limit, the tomato fruit yield is significantly increased, but the fruit quality and the water utilization rate show a descending trend; the lower irrigation limit of 70 percent can be taken as a quantitative index for the water management of the organic substrate cultivation of the tomatoes in view of the comprehensive consideration of the fruit yield, the quality and the water utilization rate.
TABLE 4 influence of different irrigation lower limits on tomato yield, quality and moisture utilization
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A facility vegetable simple matrix cultivation system is characterized by comprising a cultivation groove and an irrigation device;
the cultivation tank is underground semi-closed, electric heating belts are laid on two sides of the cultivation tank, slag with the thickness of 3-5 cm is filled at the bottom of the cultivation tank to serve as a percolation layer, non-woven fabrics are laid on the percolation layer, a cultivation substrate with the thickness of 20cm is covered, and a soil temperature sensor is arranged in the cultivation substrate;
the irrigation device comprises a liquid storage barrel, a filter, a regulating valve, a liquid conveying pipe, a water pump, an electromagnetic valve, a micro-spraying belt, a controller and a soil moisture sensor.
2. The facility vegetable simple matrix cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation trough is arranged north and south, and has an upper aperture width of 50cm, a lower aperture width of 35cm and a depth of 25 cm.
3. The facility vegetable simple substrate cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation substrate is prepared by mixing pulverized bamboo shoot shells, rice straws, mushroom dregs and chicken manure according to a volume ratio of 7-8: 7-8: 7-8: 6-9.
4. The facility vegetable simple matrix cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electric heating belt and the soil temperature sensor in the cultivation tank are connected to the controller.
5. The facility vegetable simple matrix cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid delivery pipe in the irrigation system is provided with a water pump and a solenoid valve and is connected with the controller.
6. The facility vegetable simple substrate cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil moisture sensor in the irrigation system is embedded in the cultivation substrate and connected to the controller.
7. The facility vegetable simple substrate cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the micro-sprinkling belt of the irrigation system is placed on the middle upper part of the cultivation substrate.
8. The facility vegetable simple matrix cultivation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is provided with a time switch and a photovoltaic panel.
9. The application method of the facility vegetable simple substrate cultivation system as claimed in claims 1 to 8, characterized in that:
(1) the micro-spraying belts are arranged at the middle upper part of the culture medium, the distance of each group of spray holes of the micro-spraying belts is 20cm, and crops are fixedly planted on the two sides of the micro-spraying belts in a staggered mode;
(2) according to the monitoring condition of the soil temperature sensor, the on-off of a temperature control signal relay is controlled through a built-in program of a controller, and the cultivation tank is heated;
(3) according to the monitoring condition of the soil moisture sensor, the on-off of the water pump and the electromagnetic valve is controlled through a built-in program of the controller and the time control switch, and the culture medium is irrigated.
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| CN102356746A (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2012-02-22 | 胡生明 | Technology for cultivating organic fruit and vegetable matrix |
| CN103026956A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-04-10 | 北京林业大学 | Groove type soilless cultivating method for paeonia lactiflora pall cutting flowers |
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| CN104642072A (en) * | 2013-11-16 | 2015-05-27 | 汪世松 | Soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetable in gobi desert |
| CN105801188A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-27 | 谢瑞达 | Method for preparing edible fungi substrate and forest and agricultural organic substrate by wet waste bamboo shoot shell |
| CN107535341A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-01-05 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of soilless culture watermelon |
| CN107980579A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-05-04 | 杭州市临安区农林技术推广中心 | For preventing the cultivation system and its application method of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN111108958A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-08 | 北京山水之光园林工程有限公司 | Big tree planting structure of coastal saline-alkali soil |
| CN211510134U (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-09-18 | 包头市农牧业科学研究院 | Cultivation frame for facility cultivation production, system thereof and fruit and vegetable cultivation greenhouse |
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2020
- 2020-11-16 CN CN202011281971.XA patent/CN112514784A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102356746A (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2012-02-22 | 胡生明 | Technology for cultivating organic fruit and vegetable matrix |
| CN103026956A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-04-10 | 北京林业大学 | Groove type soilless cultivating method for paeonia lactiflora pall cutting flowers |
| CN104642072A (en) * | 2013-11-16 | 2015-05-27 | 汪世松 | Soilless culture method for greenhouse vegetable in gobi desert |
| CN204119927U (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2015-01-28 | 江苏绿港现代农业发展股份有限公司 | A kind of vegetable or flower cultivation apparatus without soil |
| CN105801188A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-27 | 谢瑞达 | Method for preparing edible fungi substrate and forest and agricultural organic substrate by wet waste bamboo shoot shell |
| CN107535341A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-01-05 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of soilless culture watermelon |
| CN107980579A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-05-04 | 杭州市临安区农林技术推广中心 | For preventing the cultivation system and its application method of solanaceous vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle |
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| CN111108958A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-08 | 北京山水之光园林工程有限公司 | Big tree planting structure of coastal saline-alkali soil |
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