CN105123425A - Facility cultivation method for grapes - Google Patents

Facility cultivation method for grapes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105123425A
CN105123425A CN201510563697.8A CN201510563697A CN105123425A CN 105123425 A CN105123425 A CN 105123425A CN 201510563697 A CN201510563697 A CN 201510563697A CN 105123425 A CN105123425 A CN 105123425A
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China
Prior art keywords
fruit
soil
grape
fertilizer
irrigation system
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CN201510563697.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105123425B (en
Inventor
乔建磊
王连君
叶景学
王程翰
毛欣欣
王亚君
许佳雯
王�琦
宋月
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Jilin Agricultural University
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Jilin Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a facility cultivation method for grapes. The purpose is to solve the problems that in an existing cultivation technology for the grapes, the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer is low, and the ventilation of rhizosphere soil is poor. The facility cultivation method for the grapes includes the steps that 1, a cultivation shed/greenhouse is prepared; 2, in seedling field planting, seedling field planting is suitable for being carried out at the spring, robust seedlings are selected for field planting, the height of the seedlings is larger than or equal to 50 cm, the thickness of the seedlings is larger than or equal to 0.6 cm, the number of plump buds is larger than or equal to four, the row spacing is set to be 0.8 m, and the line spacing is set to be 1.5 m; 3, in construction of an irrigation system, a heat pivot of the irrigation system is installed, and then a drop irrigation system is constructed inside the cultivation shed and connected with the head pivot of the irrigation system; 4, water and fertilizer management is performed; 5, in temperature management, the temperature at daytime inside the cultivation shed/greenhouse is 23-28 DEG C, and the temperature at night inside the cultivation shed/greenhouse is 15-20 DEG C, wherein during frosting, the surface layer of soil can be covered with a layer of straw or straw matting, and the thickness of the straw or the straw matting is 5 cm; 6, shaping and trimming are performed; 7, diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated; 8, corn straw matrixes are supplied.

Description

The facility cultivation method of grape
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method belonging to field of agricultural production technologies, or rather, the present invention relates to a kind of facility cultivation method of grape.
Background technology
Grape (VitisviniferaL.) is Vitaceae (Vitaceae), Vitis (Vitis) defoliation liana, and its taste of fruit is unique, containing abundant vitamin and organic acid, has good nutrition and health care function.According to Ministry of Agriculture's statistics, within 2002, China's viticulture area reaches 392.4 thousand hectares, and output is 4,480,000 tons, in world's vintage, occupy the 5th.In recent years, along with the adjustment of agricultural structure and the development of agro-product processing industry, the demand of market to grape increases gradually, and China's viticulture area presents obvious growth trend, and especially Studies on Protected Cultivation of Grapes area significantly rises.
Growing of grape root system requires that the soil is porous, and the gas permeability of soil is good, and it is very responsive to soil compaction harm.Be mainly manifested in: soil compaction makes the gas permeability of soil be deteriorated, this not only directly affects growing of grape root system, and soil compaction also can make the growing environment of edaphon worsen, further formation and the mutualism effect affecting mycorhiza (symbiont that root system of plant and fungi combined together are formed), and then affect the yield and quality of grape.
Soil in protected field hardens mainly because soil secondary salinization and unreasonable irrigation cause.And in facility cultivation process, unreasonable fertilising is the major reason causing soil secondary salinization.Therefore, how to apply fertilizers scientifically and Rational Irrigation be badly in need of in Studies on Protected Cultivation of Grapes process solve technical barrier.
At present, mainly adopt the mode such as flood irrigation, sprinkling irrigation to irrigate in viticulture process, the deficiency of these ground irrigation methods is:
1. ground water evaporation quantity is large, and efficiency of water application is low, and fertilizer loss is serious;
2. soil surface is in moisture state for a long time, and not only canopy temperature, ground temperature reduce too fast, and evaporation discharge strengthens, and indoor humidity is too high, easily causes the generation of disease;
3. irrigate water consumption on the ground large, and the granular structure of irrigation quantity conference spoiled soil, soil compaction and air capacity of soils are deteriorated, thus reduce soil oxygen content, this not only directly endangers growing of grape root system, and soil anoxic also can reduce the activity of edaphon, and then affect formation and the mutualism effect of grape mycorhiza.
Therefore, in Studies on Protected Cultivation of Grapes process, to apply fertilizers scientifically and Rational Irrigation has great importance to improving the yield and quality of grape, direct relation its productivity effect.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the problem overcoming low, the rhizosphere soil poor air permeability of liquid manure utilization ratio that existing viticulture technology exists, and provides a kind of facility cultivation method of grape.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: the step of the facility cultivation method of described grape is as follows:
1) preparation in canopy/greenhouse is cultivated;
2) seedling planting;
3) irrigation system is built:
Irrigation system includes irrigation system head pivot and droping irrigating pipe system;
(1) irrigation system head pivot is installed;
(2) the droping irrigating pipe system in cultivation canopy is built;
(3) irrigation system head pivot connects with droping irrigating pipe system;
4) water and fertilizer management;
5) temperature treatment;
6) pruning;
7) controlling disease;
8) maize straw matrix is supplemented.
The preparation in the cultivation canopy/greenhouse described in technical scheme refers to: 1) the soil is porous, good permeability, pH value are 5.6 ~ 7.8, the content of organic matter is not less than the soil of 5% as milpa in selection; 2) area in single cultivation canopy/greenhouse is advisable with 550 ~ 750 square metres, and it is 8 ~ 12m that each cultivation canopy/greenhouse is equipped with a volume 3cistern, apply toward soil in canopy become thoroughly decomposed horsehit and the peat composed of rotten mosses plough deeply in seedling planting the previous year, every 667 square metres of soil apply horsehit and the peat composed of rotten mosses is respectively 1500kg and 500kg, and the degree of depth of ploughing deeply is advisable with 25 ~ 30cm.
Seedling planting described in technical scheme refers to: the time of seedling planting was advisable with spring, chooses height of seedling >=50cm, and seedling is thick >=0.6cm, and the healthy and strong nursery stock of full bud quantity >=4 carries out definite value, and spacing in the rows gets 0.8 ~ 1.0m, and line-spacing gets 1.5 ~ 1.8m.
Installation irrigation system head pivot described in technical scheme refers to: described irrigation system head pivot comprises water pump, return duct, No. 1 valve, manometer, flowmeter, No. 2 valves, No. 3 valves, No. 4 valves, venturi fat absorption device, fertilizer bucket, filter (21) and main pipes.The upper end of No. 1 valve in irrigation system is connected with the lower end of return duct, the lower end of No. 1 valve is connected with the output port of water pump by pipeline, the lower end of No. 1 valve is connected with the left end of flowmeter with manometric input port by pipeline simultaneously, the right-hand member of flowmeter adopts pipeline to be connected with the upper end of No. 3 valves with the left end of No. 2 valves, the right-hand member of No. 2 valves is connected with the left end pipeline of filter with the upper end of No. 4 valves, and the right-hand member of filter is connected with the left end of main pipe; The lower end of No. 3 valves is connected with the left end pipeline of venturi fat absorption device, and the lower end of No. 4 valves is connected with the right-hand member pipeline of venturi fat absorption device, and the 3rd port of venturi fat absorption device is connected with fertilizer bucket pipeline.
The droping irrigating pipe system of building in cultivation canopy described in technical scheme refers to: after seedling planting, carry out grooving and pipe laying, digging out a degree of depth respectively in the both sides of field planting band is 8 ~ 10cm, width is the pipe laying groove of 12 ~ 16cm, longitudinal symmetrical centre of pipe laying groove is 15cm apart from field planting band, after having dug pipe laying groove, first in pipe laying groove, fill the maize straw matrix (6) that the length luffing crushed is 1.5 ~ 2.5cm, length direction again along pipe laying groove after paving lays drip irrigation pipe, finally above pipe laying groove, cover layer of plastic film along its length, and with soil by the edge compacting of plastic film (5).Described irrigation system head pivot connects with droping irrigating pipe system and refers to: connected by the arm in three-way connector and drip irrigation system by the main pipe of irrigation system head pivot, then connected by drip irrigation pipe identical with each structure for arm.
Water and fertilizer management described in technical scheme refers to:
(1) soil moisture management
Under adopting film, micro-drip irrigation is irrigated vineland: at seedling planting then, relative moisture of the soil controls 65% ~ 75%; Tree body enters and produces the fruit stage, and before bearing fruit, root region soil relative moisture should remain on 65% ~ 70%; After young fruit starts to expand, root region soil relative moisture remains on 70% ~ 80%; Suitably should reduce the supply of moisture when fruit starts painted, root region soil relative moisture remains on 60% ~ 70%;
(2) fertilizing management
A. adopt venturi fat absorption device (19) to carry out liquid fertilization, by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications during fertilising, grow uptake characters according to grape growth, carry out variable fertilization, at seedling planting then, apply fertilizer for a long time in young sprout is prosperous, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 1: 1, and wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer is 4.5kg;
B. set body to enter and produce the fruit stage, after young sprout vegetative period, young fruit expand initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit harvesting, 4 stages apply fertilizer, by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications during fertilising respectively.
Temperature treatment described in technical scheme refers to: after grape rudiment, and in cultivation canopy/greenhouse, day temperature should control at 23 ~ 28 DEG C, when temperature is higher than 32 DEG C, carries out aeration-cooling in time; In cultivation canopy/greenhouse, nocturnal temperature should control at 15 ~ 20 DEG C; Can cover at upper soll layer the straw or straw screen or mat that a layer thickness is 5cm during frost.
Pruning described in technical scheme refers to:
(1) tip is determined in bud picking
Carry out after plant rudiment, two bud of erasing, bull bud and the weak bud of mistake; Stay fruit bearing shoot to remove developmental branch when determining the tip, stay vigorous branches to remove weak branch;
(2) tip is tied up except palpus
When young sprout grows to 25cm, tie up the tip in time, while tying up the tip, extract the tendril on young sprout;
(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot process
Sublateral shoot below fruit ear can remove from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, and topmost fruit ear stays 5 leaf pinching;
(4) winter pruning
Stay a bearing basal shoot every 25 ~ 35cm, the climing both sides of bearing basal shoot apportion master on master is climing, bearing basal shoot 5 ~ 8 is stayed in every strain altogether, short cane pruning in employing, and every bar bearing basal shoot stays 2 ~ 4 buds.
Controlling disease described in technical scheme refers to:
1) 50% carbendazol wettable powder 800 times of liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid are sprayed when grape young sprout exhibition 3 ~ 5, leaf;
2) spray 25% Amici in flowering stage and reach 1500 times of liquid;
3) one time 75% is sprayed by the steady 3000 times of liquid of enemy in fruit expanding period;
4), after fruit harvesting, remove the dry branches and fallen leaves in canopy in time, avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.
Supplementary maize straw matrix described in technical scheme refers to: because part maize straw matrix decomposition can occur in the course of cultivation, therefore, annual Grape Dormancy period, open plastic film and supplement appropriate maize straw matrix in pipe laying groove, the amount of supplementing shows equal being advisable to make the position of drip irrigation pipe with soil, covered with plastic film afterwards, and with soil by the edge compacting of plastic film.
Compared with prior art the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention adopts micro-drip irrigation under film, ground water evaporation quantity significantly reduces, not only achieve the efficiency utilization of moisture, and moisture penetrated into maize straw matrix before this slowly, equably when irrigating, and then penetrate into soil, maintenance effect can be played to soil aggregate, soil is made to maintain good air capacity of soils, improve the growing environment of grape root system and edaphon, the mutualism effect of mycorhiza can be improved, favourable high-quality, the High-efficient Production realizing facility grape.
2. the drip irrigation pipe in the irrigation system of the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention does not directly contact with soil, but it is laid in maize straw matrix, effectively can not only avoid the problem that drip irrigation pipe delivery port blocks, and maize straw matrix has good moisture capacity and air capacity of soils, its physical arrangement is water, the storage of gas provides certain space, is conducive to regulating rhizospheric environment.
3. in the irrigation system of the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention, set up venturi fat absorption device device, liquid manure solution can penetrate into european grape root district equably by droping irrigating pipe, thus meet the demand of grapevine seedling in the different bearing stage to nutrient, improve the utilization ratio of nutrient, and then reducing the amount of application of chemical fertilizer, this is also favourable to the generation of preventive device soil secondary salinization.
4. the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention is easy and simple to handle, and cost is low (cultivates required maize straw matrix wide material sources, and can realize making full use of of agricultural crop straw.In irrigation system, equipment needed thereby expense is low, and on Vehicles Collected from Market, venturi fat absorption device price is not at 25 to 45 yuan etc., and at 25 to 35 yuan not etc., the every the price of rice lattice of drip irrigation pipe are not at 0.8 to 1.2 yuan etc. for filter price), operating efficiency is high, is applicable to large-scale production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the facility cultivation method middle berth tube seat setting position of grape of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the transverse sectional view of drip irrigation pipe installation site in the irrigation system adopted in the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the floor map of droping irrigating pipe system architecture composition in the irrigation system adopted in the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of irrigation system head pivot structure composition in the irrigation system adopted in the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the FB(flow block) of the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention;
In figure: 1. grapevine seedling, 2. pipe laying groove, 3. field planting band, 4. drip irrigation pipe, 5. plastic film, 6. maize straw matrix, 7. pipe end plug, 8. arm, 9. three-way connector, 10. cistern, 11. water pumps, 12. return ducts, No. 13.1 valves, 14. manometers, 15. flowmeters, No. 16.2 valves, No. 17.3 valves, No. 18.4 valves, 19. venturi fat absorption devices, 20. fertilizer buckets, 21. filters, 22. main pipes, 23. soil.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is explained in detail:
According to grape growth development characteristics and the difficult problem that exists in facility cultivation process thereof, the present invention has done improvement to cultivation management steps such as fertilising, irrigations, is intended to the high-quality and efficient production realizing grape.
Consult Fig. 5, the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1. cultivate the preparation in canopy/greenhouse:
1) the soil is porous, good permeability, pH value are 5.6 ~ 7.8, the content of organic matter is not less than the soil of 5% as milpa in selection.
2) area in single cultivation canopy/greenhouse is advisable with 550 ~ 750 square metres.It is 8 ~ 12m that each cultivation canopy/greenhouse is equipped with a volume 3cistern.Apply toward soil in canopy become thoroughly decomposed horsehit and the peat composed of rotten mosses plough deeply in seedling planting the previous year, every 667 square metres of soil apply horsehit and the peat composed of rotten mosses is respectively 1500kg and 500kg, and the degree of depth of ploughing deeply is advisable with 25 ~ 30cm.
2. seedling planting:
Resident time was advisable with spring.Choose height of seedling >=50cm, seedling is thick >=0.6cm, and the healthy and strong nursery stock of full bud quantity >=4 carries out definite value.Spacing in the rows gets 0.8 ~ 1.0m, and line-spacing gets 1.5 ~ 1.8m.
3. build irrigation system:
Irrigation system includes irrigation system head pivot and droping irrigating pipe system
1) irrigation system head pivot is installed
Consult Fig. 4, the irrigation system head pivot that the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention adopts comprises water pump 11, return duct 12, No. 1 valve 13, manometer 14, flowmeter 15, No. 2 valves 16, No. 3 valves 17, No. 4 valves 18, venturi fat absorption device 19, fertilizer bucket 20, filter 21 and main pipe 22.
The upper end of No. 1 valve 13 in irrigation system is connected with the lower end of return duct 12, the lower end of No. 1 valve 13 is connected by the output port of pipeline with water pump 11, the lower end of No. 1 valve 13 is connected with the left end of flowmeter 15 with the input port of manometer 14 by pipeline simultaneously, the right-hand member of flowmeter 15 adopts pipeline to be connected with the upper end of No. 3 valves 17 with the left end of No. 2 valves 16, the right-hand member of No. 2 valves 16 is connected with the left end pipeline of filter 21 with the upper end of No. 4 valves 18, and the right-hand member of filter 21 is connected with the left end of main pipe 22; The lower end of No. 3 valves 17 is connected with the left end pipeline of venturi fat absorption device 19, and the lower end of No. 4 valves 18 is connected with the right-hand member pipeline of venturi fat absorption device 19, and the 3rd port of venturi fat absorption device 19 is connected with fertilizer bucket 20 pipeline.
No. 1 valve 13 can be used for regulating pipe water supply pressure, when irrigation system does not work, valve 17 and valve 18 are in closed condition, valve 16 is in opening state, when cultivating canopy/greenhouse and needing to irrigate, only pump power need be connected, when cultivating canopy/greenhouse and needing fertilising, valve 17 and valve 18 are opened, fertilising speed can be controlled by control valve 16.
2) the droping irrigating pipe system in cultivation canopy is built
Consult Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, after seedling planting, carry out grooving and pipe laying.The pipe laying groove that a degree of depth is 8 ~ 10cm, width is 12 ~ 16cm is dug out respectively, longitudinal symmetrical centre distance field planting band 15cm of pipe laying groove, as shown in Figure 1 in the both sides of field planting band 3.After having dug pipe laying groove, first in pipe laying groove, fill the maize straw matrix 6 that the length luffing crushed is 1.5 ~ 2.5cm, length direction again along groove after paving lays drip irrigation pipe 4, finally above pipe laying groove 2, cover layer of plastic film 5 along its length, and with soil by plastic film 5 edge compacting.The mounting structure of drip irrigation pipe 4 as shown in Figures 2 and 3.Drip irrigation pipe specification: the cylindrical drip irrigation pipe of internally-inlaid that diameter is Ф 16mm, dripper spacing is 20cm.
3) irrigation system head pivot connects with droping irrigating pipe system
The main pipe 22 of irrigation system head pivot is connected by three-way connector 9 and the arm 8 in droping irrigating pipe system, then drip irrigation pipe 4 identical with each structure for arm 8 is connected.
The work of installing irrigation system head pivot also can complete in " preparation in the cultivation canopy/greenhouse " link described in the 1st step,
4. water and fertilizer management:
1) soil moisture management
Under adopting film, micro-drip irrigation is irrigated vineland: at seedling planting then, relative moisture of the soil controls 65% ~ 75%; Tree body enters and produces the fruit stage, and before bearing fruit, root region soil relative moisture should remain on 65% ~ 70%; After young fruit starts to expand, root region soil relative moisture remains on 70% ~ 80%; Suitably should reduce the supply of moisture when fruit starts painted, root region soil relative moisture remains on 60% ~ 70%.
2) fertilizing management
(1) venturi fat absorption device 19 is adopted to carry out liquid fertilization, by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications during fertilising.Grow uptake characters according to grape growth, carry out variable fertilization.At seedling planting then, apply fertilizer for a long time in young sprout is prosperous, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 1: 1, and wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer is 4.5kg;
(2) set body to enter and produce the fruit stage, after young sprout vegetative period, young fruit expand initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit harvesting, 4 stages apply fertilizer, by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications during fertilising respectively:
1st fertilising is in young sprout vegetative period, and this stage young sprout vigorous growth, need a large amount of nutrient, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer has the call, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 3: 1: 1, and wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer is 6kg; And before spending 1 week foliage-spray 0.3% borax soln to improve fruit-setting rate;
2nd fertilising is expanded the initial stage at young fruit, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 1: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 4.5kg;
Apply fertilizer in the fruit color phase for 3rd time, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 2: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 2.5kg;
The 4th fertilising is carried out after fruit harvesting, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 1: 1: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 4.0kg.
Each fertilising terminates rear continuation clear water and irrigates 15 minutes, to rinse droping irrigating pipe.
5. temperature treatment:
After grape rudiment, in cultivation canopy/greenhouse, day temperature should control at 23 ~ 28 DEG C, when temperature is higher than 32 DEG C, carries out aeration-cooling in time.In cultivation canopy/greenhouse, nocturnal temperature should control at 15 ~ 20 DEG C; Can cover at upper soll layer the straw or straw screen or mat that a layer thickness is 5cm during frost.
6. pruning:
(1) tip is determined in bud picking
Carry out after plant rudiment, two bud of erasing, bull bud and the weak bud of mistake; Stay fruit bearing shoot to remove developmental branch when determining the tip, stay vigorous branches to remove weak branch;
(2) tip is tied up except palpus
When young sprout grows to 25cm, tie up the tip in time, while tying up the tip, extract the tendril on young sprout;
(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot process
Sublateral shoot below fruit ear can remove from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, and topmost fruit ear stays 5 leaf pinching;
(4) winter pruning
Stay a bearing basal shoot every 25 ~ 35cm, the climing both sides of bearing basal shoot apportion master on master is climing, bearing basal shoot 5 ~ 8 is stayed in every strain altogether, short cane pruning in employing, and every bar bearing basal shoot stays 2 ~ 4 buds.
7. controlling disease:
Controlling disease is carried out: spray 50% carbendazol wettable powder 800 times of liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid when grape young sprout exhibition 3 ~ 5, leaf by spraying bactericide; Spray 25% Amici in flowering stage and reach 1500 times of liquid, spray in fruit expanding period and take the steady 3000 times of liquid of enemy for one time 75%; After fruit harvesting, remove the dry branches and fallen leaves in canopy in time, avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.
8. supplement maize straw matrix
Because part maize straw matrix 6 decomposition can occur in the course of cultivation, therefore, annual Grape Dormancy period, open plastic film 5 and supplement appropriate maize straw matrix in pipe laying groove 2, the amount of supplementing shows equal being advisable to make the position of drip irrigation pipe 4 with soil, covered with plastic film 5 afterwards, and with soil by plastic film 5 edge compacting.
Embodiment 1:
1. cultivate canopy to prepare:
The soil is porous, good permeability, pH value are 6.2, the content of organic matter is that the soil of 5.5% is as milpa in selection.The area of cultivation canopy is 720 square metres.Being equipped with a volume is 10m 3cistern.Apply toward soil in canopy become thoroughly decomposed horsehit and the peat composed of rotten mosses plough deeply in seedling planting the previous year, every 667 square metres of soil apply horsehit and the peat composed of rotten mosses is respectively 1500kg and 500kg, and the degree of depth of ploughing deeply is 30cm.
2. seedling planting:
Cultivar is that rattan is harvested, and chooses height of seedling >=50cm spring, and seedling is thick >=0.6cm, and the healthy and strong nursery stock of full bud quantity >=4 carries out definite value.Spacing in the rows gets 0.8m, and line-spacing gets 1.5m.
3. build irrigation system:
The irrigation system including irrigation system head pivot and droping irrigating pipe system is adopted to irrigate in cultivation canopy.
After seedling planting, in cultivation canopy, build droping irrigating pipe system, namely carry out digging pipe laying groove 2 and laying arm 8 and drip irrigation pipe 4.Dig out the pipe laying groove 2 that a degree of depth is 8cm, width is 16cm respectively in the both sides of field planting band 3, the distance of longitudinal symmetrical centre distance field planting band 3 of pipe laying groove 2 is 15cm.After having dug pipe laying groove 2, first in pipe laying groove 2, fill the maize straw matrix 6 that the length luffing crushed is 1.5 ~ 2.5cm, length direction again along groove after paving lays the cylindrical drip irrigation pipe of internally-inlaid that diameter is Ф 16mm, dripper spacing is 20cm, finally on pipe laying groove 2, cover layer of plastic film 5 along its length, and with soil by plastic film 5 edge compacting.
After irrigation system head pivot installs, the main pipe 22 of irrigation system head pivot is connected by three-way connector 9 and the arm 8 in droping irrigating pipe system, then drip irrigation pipe 4 identical with each structure for arm 8 is connected.
4. water and fertilizer management:
1) soil moisture management
Under adopting film, micro-drip irrigation is irrigated vineland: at seedling planting then, relative moisture of the soil controls 65% ~ 75%; Tree body enters and produces the fruit stage, and before bearing fruit, root region soil relative moisture should remain on 65% ~ 70%; After young fruit starts to expand, root region soil relative moisture remains on 70% ~ 80%; Suitably reduce the supply of moisture when fruit starts painted, root region soil relative moisture remains on 60% ~ 70%.
2) apply fertilizer
(1) venturi fat absorption device 19 is adopted to carry out liquid fertilization, by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications during fertilising.Grow uptake characters according to grape growth, carry out variable fertilization.At seedling planting then, apply fertilizer for a long time in young sprout is prosperous, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 1: 1, and wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer is 4.5kg;
(2) set body to enter and produce the fruit stage, after young sprout vegetative period, young fruit expand initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit harvesting, 4 stages apply fertilizer, by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications during fertilising respectively.
1st fertilising is in young sprout vegetative period, and this stage young sprout vigorous growth, need a large amount of nutrient, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer has the call, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 3: 1: 1, and wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer is 6kg; And before spending 1 week foliage-spray 0.3% borax soln to improve fruit-setting rate;
2nd fertilising is expanded the initial stage at young fruit, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 1: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 4.5kg;
Apply fertilizer in the fruit color phase for 3rd time, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 2: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 2.5kg;
The 4th fertilising is carried out after fruit harvesting, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 1: 1: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 4.0kg.
Each fertilising terminates rear continuation clear water and irrigates 15 minutes, to rinse droping irrigating pipe.
5. temperature treatment:
After grape rudiment, in cultivation canopy, day temperature controls at 23 ~ 28 DEG C, when temperature is higher than 32 DEG C, carries out aeration-cooling in time.In cultivation canopy, nocturnal temperature should control at 15 ~ 20 DEG C.Cover at upper soll layer the straw that a layer thickness is 5cm during frost.
6. pruning:
(1) tip is determined in bud picking
Carry out after plant rudiment, two bud of erasing, bull bud and the weak bud of mistake, stay fruit bearing shoot to remove developmental branch, stay vigorous branches to remove weak branch when determining the tip;
(2) tip is tied up except palpus
When young sprout grows to 25cm, tie up the tip in time, while tying up the tip, extract the tendril on young sprout;
(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot process
Sublateral shoot below fruit ear can remove from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, and topmost fruit ear stays 5 leaf pinching;
(4) winter pruning
Stay a bearing basal shoot every 25 ~ 35cm, the climing both sides of bearing basal shoot apportion master on master is climing, bearing basal shoot 5 ~ 8 is stayed in every strain altogether, short cane pruning in employing, and every bar bearing basal shoot stays 2 ~ 4 buds;
7. disease control:
Controlling disease is carried out: spray 50% carbendazol wettable powder 800 times of liquid when grape young sprout exhibition 3 ~ 5, leaf by spraying bactericide; Spray 25% Amici in flowering stage and reach 1500 times of liquid, spray in fruit expanding period and take the steady 3000 times of liquid of enemy for one time 75%; After fruit harvesting, remove the dry branches and fallen leaves in canopy in time, avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.
8. supplement maize straw matrix
Grape Dormancy period, open plastic film 5 and supplement appropriate maize straw matrix 6 in pipe laying groove 2, the amount of supplementing shows equal being advisable, covered with plastic film 5 afterwards to make the position of drip irrigation pipe 4 with soil, and with native by plastic film 5 edge compacting.
Embodiment 2:
1. cultivate canopy to prepare:
The soil is porous, good permeability, pH value are 5.6, the content of organic matter is that the soil of 6.1% is as milpa in selection.The area of cultivation canopy is 640 square metres.Being equipped with a volume is 8m 3cistern.Apply toward soil in canopy become thoroughly decomposed horsehit and the peat composed of rotten mosses plough deeply in seedling planting the previous year, every 667 square metres of soil apply horsehit and the peat composed of rotten mosses is respectively 1500kg and 500kg, and the degree of depth of ploughing deeply is 25cm.
2. seedling planting:
Cultivar is that rattan is harvested, and chooses height of seedling >=50cm spring, and seedling is thick >=0.6cm, and the healthy and strong nursery stock of full bud quantity >=4 carries out definite value, and spacing in the rows gets 1.0m, and line-spacing gets 1.5m.
3. build irrigation system:
The irrigation pipe system including irrigation system head pivot and drip irrigation system is adopted to irrigate in cultivation canopy.
After seedling planting, in cultivation canopy, build droping irrigating pipe system, namely carry out digging pipe laying groove 2 and laying arm 8 and drip irrigation pipe 4.Dig out the pipe laying groove 2 that a degree of depth is 9cm, width is 14cm respectively in the both sides of field planting band 3, the distance of longitudinal symmetrical centre distance field planting band 3 of pipe laying groove 2 is 15cm.After having dug pipe laying groove 2, first in pipe laying groove 2, fill the maize straw matrix 6 that the length luffing crushed is 1.5 ~ 2.5cm, length direction again along groove after paving lays the cylindrical drip irrigation pipe 4 of internally-inlaid that diameter is Ф 16mm, dripper spacing is 20cm, finally above pipe laying groove 2, cover layer of plastic film 5 along its length, and with soil by plastic film 5 edge compacting.
After irrigation system head pivot installs, the main pipe 22 of irrigation system head pivot is connected by three-way connector 9 and the arm 8 in drip irrigation system, more identical with each structure for arm 8 drip irrigation pipe 4 is connected.
4. water and fertilizer management:
1) soil moisture management
Under adopting above-mentioned film, micro-drip irrigation is irrigated vineland.At seedling planting then, relative moisture of the soil controls 65% ~ 75%; Tree body enters and produces the fruit stage, and before bearing fruit, root region soil relative moisture should remain on 65% ~ 70%; After young fruit starts to expand, root region soil relative moisture remains on 70% ~ 80%; Suitably reduce the supply of moisture when fruit starts painted, root region soil relative moisture remains on 60% ~ 70%.
2) apply fertilizer
(1) venturi fat absorption device is adopted to carry out liquid fertilization, by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications during fertilising.Grow uptake characters according to grape growth, carry out variable fertilization.At seedling planting then, apply fertilizer for a long time in young sprout is prosperous, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 1: 1, and wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer is 4.5kg;
(2) set body to enter and produce the fruit stage, after young sprout vegetative period, young fruit expand initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit harvesting, 4 stages apply fertilizer, by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications during fertilising respectively;
1st fertilising is in young sprout vegetative period, and this stage young sprout vigorous growth, need a large amount of nutrient, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer has the call, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 3: 1: 1, and wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer is 6kg; And before spending 1 week foliage-spray 0.3% borax soln to improve fruit-setting rate;
2nd fertilising is expanded the initial stage at young fruit, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 1: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 4.5kg;
Apply fertilizer in the fruit color phase for 3rd time, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 2: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 2.5kg;
The 4th fertilising is carried out after fruit harvesting, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 1: 1: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 4.0kg.
Each fertilising terminates rear continuation clear water and irrigates 15 minutes, to rinse droping irrigating pipe.
5. temperature treatment:
After grape germinates, in cultivation canopy, day temperature should control at 23 ~ 28 DEG C, when temperature is higher than 32 DEG C, carries out aeration-cooling in time; In cultivation canopy, nocturnal temperature should control at 15 ~ 20 DEG C; Cover at upper soll layer the straw screen or mat that a layer thickness is 5cm during frost.
6. pruning:
(1) tip is determined in bud picking
Carry out after plant rudiment, two bud of erasing, bull bud and the weak bud of mistake, stay fruit bearing shoot to remove developmental branch, stay vigorous branches to remove weak branch when determining the tip;
(2) tip is tied up except palpus
When young sprout grows to 25cm, tie up the tip in time, while tying up the tip, extract the tendril on young sprout;
(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot process
Sublateral shoot below fruit ear can remove from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, and topmost fruit ear stays 5 leaf pinching;
(4) winter pruning
Stay a bearing basal shoot every 25 ~ 35cm, the climing both sides of bearing basal shoot apportion master on master is climing, bearing basal shoot 5 ~ 8 is stayed in every strain altogether, short cane pruning in employing, and every bar bearing basal shoot stays 2 ~ 4 buds.
7. disease control:
Controlling disease is carried out: spray a 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 1000 times of liquid when grape young sprout exhibition 3 ~ 5, leaf by spraying bactericide; Spray 25% Amici in flowering stage and reach 1500 times of liquid, spray in fruit expanding period and take the steady 3000 times of liquid of enemy for one time 75%; After fruit harvesting, remove the dry branches and fallen leaves in canopy in time, avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.
8. supplement maize straw matrix
Grape Dormancy period, open plastic film 5 and supplement appropriate maize straw matrix 6 in pipe laying groove 2, the amount of supplementing shows equal being advisable, covered with plastic film 5 afterwards to make the position of drip irrigation pipe 4 with soil, and with native by plastic film 5 edge compacting.
Embodiment 3:
1. cultivate greenhouse to prepare:
The soil is porous, good permeability, pH value are 7.2, the content of organic matter is that the soil of 5% is as milpa in selection.The area in greenhouse is 750 square metres.Being equipped with a volume is 12m 3cistern.Apply toward soil in canopy become thoroughly decomposed horsehit and the peat composed of rotten mosses plough deeply in seedling planting the previous year, every 667 square metres of soil apply horsehit and the peat composed of rotten mosses is respectively 1500kg and 500kg, and the degree of depth of ploughing deeply is 30cm.
2. seedling planting:
Cultivar is honeydew.Choose height of seedling >=50cm spring, seedling is thick >=0.6cm, and the healthy and strong nursery stock of full bud quantity >=4 carries out definite value, and spacing in the rows gets 0.8m, and line-spacing gets 1.8m.
3. build irrigation system:
The irrigation system including irrigation system head pivot and droping irrigating pipe system is adopted to irrigate in cultivation canopy.
After seedling planting, in cultivation canopy, build droping irrigating pipe system, namely carry out digging pipe laying groove 2 and laying arm 8 and drip irrigation pipe 4.Dig out the pipe laying groove 2 that a degree of depth is 10cm, width is 16cm respectively in the both sides of field planting band 3, the distance of longitudinal symmetrical centre distance field planting band 3 of pipe laying groove 2 is 15cm.After having dug pipe laying groove 2, first in pipe laying groove 2, fill the maize straw matrix 6 that the length luffing crushed is 1.5 ~ 2.5cm, length direction again along groove after paving lays the cylindrical drip irrigation pipe 4 of internally-inlaid that diameter is Ф 16mm, dripper spacing is 20cm, finally above pipe laying groove 2, cover layer of plastic film 5 along its length, and with soil by plastic film 5 edge compacting.
After irrigation system head pivot installs, the main pipe 22 of irrigation system head pivot is connected by three-way connector 9 and the arm 8 in droping irrigating pipe system, more identical with each structure for arm 8 drip irrigation pipe 4 is connected.
4. water and fertilizer management:
1) soil moisture management
Under adopting above-mentioned film, micro-drip irrigation is irrigated vineland.At seedling planting then, relative moisture of the soil controls 65% ~ 75%; Tree body enters and produces the fruit stage, and before bearing fruit, root region soil relative moisture should remain on 65% ~ 70%; After young fruit starts to expand, root region soil relative moisture remains on 70% ~ 80%; Suitably reduce the supply of moisture when fruit starts painted, root region soil relative moisture remains on 60% ~ 70%.
2) apply fertilizer
(1) venturi fat absorption device is adopted to carry out liquid fertilization, by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications during fertilising.Grow uptake characters according to grape growth, carry out variable fertilization.At seedling planting then, apply fertilizer for a long time in young sprout is prosperous, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 1: 1, and wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer is 4.5kg;
(2) set body to enter and produce the fruit stage, after young sprout vegetative period, young fruit expand initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit harvesting, 4 stages apply fertilizer, by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications during fertilising respectively.
1st fertilising is in young sprout vegetative period, and this stage young sprout vigorous growth, need a large amount of nutrient, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer has the call, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 3: 1: 1, and wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer is 6kg; And before spending 1 week foliage-spray 0.3% borax soln to improve fruit-setting rate;
2nd fertilising is expanded the initial stage at young fruit, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 1: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 4.5kg;
Apply fertilizer in the fruit color phase for 3rd time, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 2: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 2.5kg;
The 4th fertilising is carried out after fruit harvesting, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 1: 1: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 4.0kg.
Each fertilising terminates rear continuation clear water and irrigates 15 minutes, to rinse droping irrigating pipe.
5. temperature treatment:
After grape rudiment, in cultivation greenhouse, day temperature controls at 23 ~ 28 DEG C, when temperature is higher than 32 DEG C, carries out aeration-cooling in time.In cultivation greenhouse, nocturnal temperature should control at 15 ~ 20 DEG C.Cover at upper soll layer the straw that a layer thickness is 5cm during frost.
6. pruning:
(1) tip is determined in bud picking
Carry out after plant rudiment, two bud of erasing, bull bud and the weak bud of mistake; Stay fruit bearing shoot to remove developmental branch when determining the tip, stay vigorous branches to remove weak branch;
(2) tip is tied up except palpus
When young sprout grows to 25cm, tie up the tip in time, while tying up the tip, extract the tendril on young sprout;
(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot process
Sublateral shoot below fruit ear can remove from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, and topmost fruit ear stays 5 leaf pinching;
(4) winter pruning
Stay a bearing basal shoot every 25 ~ 35cm, the climing both sides of bearing basal shoot apportion master on master is climing, bearing basal shoot 5 ~ 8 is stayed in every strain altogether, short cane pruning in employing, and every bar bearing basal shoot stays 2 ~ 4 buds.
7. disease control:
Controlling disease is carried out: spray 50% carbendazol wettable powder 800 times of liquid when grape young sprout exhibition 3 ~ 5, leaf by spraying bactericide; Spray 25% Amici in flowering stage and reach 1500 times of liquid, spray in fruit expanding period and take the steady 3000 times of liquid of enemy for one time 75%; After fruit harvesting, remove the dry branches and fallen leaves in canopy in time, avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.
8. supplement maize straw matrix
Grape Dormancy period, open plastic film 5 and supplement appropriate maize straw matrix 6 in pipe laying groove 2, the amount of supplementing shows equal being advisable, covered with plastic film 5 afterwards to make the position of drip irrigation pipe 4 with soil, and with native by plastic film 5 edge compacting.
Embodiment 4:
1. cultivate greenhouse to prepare:
The soil is porous, good permeability, pH value are 6.8, the content of organic matter is that the soil of 5.2% is as milpa in selection.The area in greenhouse is 550 square metres.Being equipped with a volume is 10m 3cistern.Apply toward soil in canopy become thoroughly decomposed horsehit and the peat composed of rotten mosses plough deeply in seedling planting the previous year, every 667 square metres of soil apply horsehit and the peat composed of rotten mosses is respectively 1500kg and 500kg, and the degree of depth of ploughing deeply is with 25cm.
2. seedling planting:
Cultivar is honeydew.Choose height of seedling >=50cm spring, seedling is thick >=0.6cm, and the healthy and strong nursery stock of full bud quantity >=4 carries out definite value.Spacing in the rows gets 0.9m, and line-spacing gets 1.6m.
3. build irrigation system:
The irrigation pipe system including irrigation system head pivot and drip irrigation system is adopted to irrigate in cultivation canopy.
After seedling planting, in cultivation canopy, build droping irrigating pipe system, namely carry out digging pipe laying groove 2 and laying arm 8 and drip irrigation pipe 4.Dig out the pipe laying groove 2 that a degree of depth is 10cm, width is 12cm respectively in the both sides of field planting band, longitudinal symmetrical centre of pipe laying groove 2 is 15cm apart from the short distance of field planting band 3.After having dug pipe laying groove 2, first in pipe laying groove 2, fill the maize straw matrix 6 that the length luffing crushed is 1.5 ~ 2.5cm, length direction again along pipe laying groove 2 after paving lays the cylindrical drip irrigation pipe 4 of internally-inlaid that diameter is Ф 16mm, dripper spacing is 20cm, finally above pipe laying groove 2, cover layer of plastic film 5 along its length, and with soil by the edge compacting of plastic film 5.
After irrigation system head pivot installs, the main pipe 22 of irrigation system head pivot is connected by three-way connector 9 and the arm 8 in droping irrigating pipe system, then arm 8 and drip irrigation pipe 4 are connected.
4. water and fertilizer management:
1) soil moisture management
Under adopting film, micro-drip irrigation is irrigated vineland.At seedling planting then, relative moisture of the soil controls 65% ~ 75%; Tree body enters and produces the fruit stage, and before bearing fruit, root region soil relative moisture should remain on 65% ~ 70%; After young fruit starts to expand, root region soil relative moisture remains on 70% ~ 80%; Suitably reduce the supply of moisture when fruit starts painted, root region soil relative moisture remains on 60% ~ 70%.
2) apply fertilizer
(1) venturi fat absorption device is adopted to carry out liquid fertilization, by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications during fertilising; Grow uptake characters according to grape growth, carry out variable fertilization.At seedling planting then, apply fertilizer for a long time in young sprout is prosperous, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 1: 1, and wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer is 4.5kg;
(2) set body to enter and produce the fruit stage, after young sprout vegetative period, young fruit expand initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit harvesting, 4 stages apply fertilizer, by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications during fertilising respectively.
1st fertilising is in young sprout vegetative period, and this stage young sprout vigorous growth, need a large amount of nutrient, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer has the call, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 3: 1: 1, and wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer is 6kg; And before spending 1 week foliage-spray 0.3% borax soln to improve fruit-setting rate;
2nd fertilising is expanded the initial stage at young fruit, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 1: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 4.5kg;
Apply fertilizer in the fruit color phase for 3rd time, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 2: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 2.5kg;
The 4th fertilising is carried out after fruit harvesting, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 1: 1: 1, in the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer be 4.0kg;
Each fertilising terminates rear continuation clear water and irrigates 15 minutes, to rinse droping irrigating pipe.
5. temperature treatment:
After grape germinates, in cultivation greenhouse, day temperature controls at 23 ~ 28 DEG C, when temperature is higher than 32 DEG C, carries out aeration-cooling in time.In greenhouse, nocturnal temperature should control at 15 ~ 20 DEG C.Cover at upper soll layer the straw screen or mat that a layer thickness is 5cm during frost.
6. pruning:
(1) tip is determined in bud picking
Carry out after plant rudiment, two bud of erasing, bull bud and the weak bud of mistake, stay fruit bearing shoot to remove developmental branch, stay vigorous branches to remove weak branch when determining the tip;
(2) tip is tied up except palpus
When young sprout grows to 25cm, tie up the tip in time, while tying up the tip, extract the tendril on young sprout;
(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot process
Sublateral shoot below fruit ear can remove from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, and topmost fruit ear stays 5 leaf pinching;
(4) winter pruning
Stay a bearing basal shoot every 25 ~ 35cm, the climing both sides of bearing basal shoot apportion master on master is climing, bearing basal shoot 5 ~ 8 is stayed in every strain altogether, short cane pruning in employing, and every bar bearing basal shoot stays 2 ~ 4 buds.
7. disease control:
Controlling disease is carried out: spray a 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 1000 times of liquid when grape young sprout exhibition 3 ~ 5, leaf by spraying bactericide; Spray 25% Amici in flowering stage and reach 1500 times of liquid, spray in fruit expanding period and take the steady 3000 times of liquid of enemy for one time 75%; After fruit harvesting, remove the dry branches and fallen leaves in canopy in time, avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.
8. supplement maize straw matrix
Grape Dormancy period, open plastic film 5 and supplement appropriate maize straw matrix 6 in pipe laying groove 2, the amount of supplementing shows equal being advisable, covered with plastic film 5 afterwards to make the position of drip irrigation pipe 4 with soil, and with native by the edge compacting of plastic film 5.
Different cultivation method result of the test compares:
Carried out the experiment in cultivation of many groups, by the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention compared with conventional cultivation method, in high yield period investigation grape fruit yield and quality, its result of the test is listed in table 1.
The result of implementation of the different cultivation method of table 1 compares
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with conventional cultivation method, the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention is adopted to be conducive to volume increase and to improve fruit quality, for the highly efficient and productive production of grape provides technical guarantee.And the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention grows uptake characters according to grape growth, carry out variable fertilization by water-fertilizer integrated irrigation, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, also can reduce labour intensity and save manpower, being applicable to large-scale production.

Claims (10)

1. a facility cultivation method for grape, is characterized in that, the step of the facility cultivation method of described grape is as follows:
1) preparation in canopy/greenhouse is cultivated;
2) seedling planting;
3) irrigation system is built:
Irrigation system includes irrigation system head pivot and droping irrigating pipe system;
(1) irrigation system head pivot is installed;
(2) the droping irrigating pipe system in cultivation canopy is built;
(3) irrigation system head pivot connects with droping irrigating pipe system;
4) water and fertilizer management;
5) temperature treatment;
6) pruning;
7) controlling disease;
8) maize straw matrix is supplemented.
2. according to the facility cultivation method of grape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the preparation in described cultivation canopy/greenhouse refers to:
1) the soil is porous, good permeability, pH value are 5.6 ~ 7.8, the content of organic matter is not less than the soil of 5% as milpa in selection;
2) area in single cultivation canopy/greenhouse is advisable with 550 ~ 750 square metres, and it is 8 ~ 12m that each cultivation canopy/greenhouse is equipped with a volume 3cistern, apply toward soil in canopy become thoroughly decomposed horsehit and the peat composed of rotten mosses plough deeply in seedling planting the previous year, every 667 square metres of soil apply horsehit and the peat composed of rotten mosses is respectively 1500kg and 500kg, and the degree of depth of ploughing deeply is advisable with 25 ~ 30cm.
3. according to the facility cultivation method of grape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described seedling planting refers to:
The time of seedling planting was advisable with spring, chose height of seedling >=50cm, and seedling is thick >=0.6cm, and the healthy and strong nursery stock of full bud quantity >=4 carries out definite value, and spacing in the rows gets 0.8 ~ 1.0m, and line-spacing gets 1.5 ~ 1.8m.
4. according to the facility cultivation method of grape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described installation irrigation system head pivot refers to:
Described irrigation system head pivot comprises water pump (11), return duct (12), No. 1 valve (13), manometer (14), flowmeter (15), No. 2 valves (16), No. 3 valves (17), No. 4 valves (18), venturi fat absorption device (19), fertilizer bucket (20), filter (21) and main pipes (22)
The upper end of No. 1 valve (13) in irrigation system is connected with the lower end of return duct (12), the lower end of No. 1 valve (13) is connected by the output port of pipeline with water pump (11), the lower end of No. 1 valve (13) is connected with the left end of flowmeter (15) with the input port of manometer (14) by pipeline simultaneously, the right-hand member of flowmeter (15) adopts pipeline to be connected with the upper end of No. 3 valves (17) with the left end of No. 2 valves (16), the right-hand member of No. 2 valves (16) is connected with the left end pipeline of filter (21) with the upper end of No. 4 valves (18), the right-hand member of filter (21) is connected with the left end of main pipe (22), the lower end of No. 3 valves (17) is connected with the left end pipeline of venturi fat absorption device (19), the lower end of No. 4 valves (18) is connected with the right-hand member pipeline of venturi fat absorption device (19), and the 3rd port of venturi fat absorption device (19) is connected with fertilizer bucket (20) pipeline.
5. according to the facility cultivation method of grape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described droping irrigating pipe system of building in cultivation canopy refers to:
After seedling planting, carry out grooving and pipe laying, digging out a degree of depth respectively in the both sides of field planting band (3) is 8 ~ 10cm, width is the pipe laying groove (2) of 12 ~ 16cm, longitudinal symmetrical centre of pipe laying groove (2) is 15cm apart from field planting band (3), after having dug pipe laying groove (2), first in pipe laying groove (2), fill the maize straw matrix (6) that the length luffing crushed is 1.5 ~ 2.5cm, length direction again along pipe laying groove (2) after paving lays drip irrigation pipe (4), finally cover layer of plastic film (5) along its length in the top of pipe laying groove (2), and with soil by the edge compacting of plastic film (5),
Described irrigation system head pivot connects with droping irrigating pipe system and refers to:
The main pipe (22) of irrigation system head pivot is connected by three-way connector (9) and the arm (8) in drip irrigation system, then drip irrigation pipe (4) identical with each structure for arm (8) is connected.
6. according to the facility cultivation method of grape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described water and fertilizer management refers to:
(1) soil moisture management
Under adopting film, micro-drip irrigation is irrigated vineland: at seedling planting then, relative moisture of the soil controls 65% ~ 75%; Tree body enters and produces the fruit stage, and before bearing fruit, root region soil relative moisture should remain on 65% ~ 70%; After young fruit starts to expand, root region soil relative moisture remains on 70% ~ 80%; Suitably should reduce the supply of moisture when fruit starts painted, root region soil relative moisture remains on 60% ~ 70%;
(2) fertilizing management
A. adopt venturi fat absorption device (19) to carry out liquid fertilization, by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications during fertilising, grow uptake characters according to grape growth, carry out variable fertilization, at seedling planting then, apply fertilizer for a long time in young sprout is prosperous, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P 2o 5), potassium (K 2o) ratio of three adopts 2: 1: 1, and wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of area under cultivation N fertilizer is 4.5kg;
B. set body to enter and produce the fruit stage, after young sprout vegetative period, young fruit expand initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit harvesting, 4 stages apply fertilizer, by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications during fertilising respectively.
7. according to the facility cultivation method of grape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described temperature treatment refers to:
After grape rudiment, in cultivation canopy/greenhouse, day temperature should control at 23 ~ 28 DEG C, when temperature is higher than 32 DEG C, carries out aeration-cooling in time; In cultivation canopy/greenhouse, nocturnal temperature should control at 15 ~ 20 DEG C; Can cover at upper soll layer the straw or straw screen or mat that a layer thickness is 5cm during frost.
8. according to the facility cultivation method of grape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pruning refers to:
(1) tip is determined in bud picking
Carry out after plant rudiment, two bud of erasing, bull bud and the weak bud of mistake; Stay fruit bearing shoot to remove developmental branch when determining the tip, stay vigorous branches to remove weak branch;
(2) tip is tied up except palpus
When young sprout grows to 25cm, tie up the tip in time, while tying up the tip, extract the tendril on young sprout;
(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot process
Sublateral shoot below fruit ear can remove from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, and topmost fruit ear stays 5 leaf pinching;
(4) winter pruning
Stay a bearing basal shoot every 25 ~ 35cm, the climing both sides of bearing basal shoot apportion master on master is climing, bearing basal shoot 5 ~ 8 is stayed in every strain altogether, short cane pruning in employing, and every bar bearing basal shoot stays 2 ~ 4 buds.
9. according to the facility cultivation method of grape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described controlling disease refers to:
1) 50% carbendazol wettable powder 800 times of liquid or 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid are sprayed when grape young sprout exhibition 3 ~ 5, leaf;
2) spray 25% Amici in flowering stage and reach 1500 times of liquid;
3) one time 75% is sprayed by the steady 3000 times of liquid of enemy in fruit expanding period;
4), after fruit harvesting, remove the dry branches and fallen leaves in canopy in time, avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.
10. according to the facility cultivation method of grape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described supplementary maize straw matrix refers to:
Because part maize straw matrix (6) decomposition can occur in the course of cultivation, therefore, annual Grape Dormancy period, open plastic film (5) and supplement appropriate maize straw matrix (6) in pipe laying groove (2), the amount of supplementing shows equal being advisable to make the position of drip irrigation pipe (4) with soil, covered with plastic film (5) afterwards, and with soil by the edge compacting of plastic film (5).
CN201510563697.8A 2015-09-08 2015-09-08 The facility cultivation method of grape Expired - Fee Related CN105123425B (en)

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CN105900787A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-08-31 宾川县华侨庄园农业科技开发有限公司 Method for rapid growth of soillessly cultured grape vines
CN106171672A (en) * 2016-08-26 2016-12-07 任鑫 A kind of seedbed irrigation system
CN106797870A (en) * 2017-02-17 2017-06-06 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 A kind of cultural method of heliogreenhouse grape
CN108157086A (en) * 2018-02-06 2018-06-15 临泽璟褀种业科技有限公司 A kind of method of corn water-saving planting
CN110169228A (en) * 2019-06-26 2019-08-27 河北农业大学 Grape fixed-value ditch excavation and fertilization method
CN110574628B (en) * 2019-10-22 2021-10-22 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 Wet root-enclosure water-saving planting method
CN110574628A (en) * 2019-10-22 2019-12-17 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 Wet root-enclosure water-saving planting method
CN111406634A (en) * 2020-03-23 2020-07-14 宁夏大学 Experimental system for researching water and fertilizer requirement rule and nutrient physiology of grapes and using method thereof
CN111406634B (en) * 2020-03-23 2023-12-19 宁夏大学 Physiological experiment system for researching grape water and fertilizer requirement law and nutrient and application method thereof
CN112544333A (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-03-26 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 Drought-resistant cultivation method for grapes
CN113575195A (en) * 2021-08-30 2021-11-02 杜炯 Plant cultivation system and plant cultivation device
CN114503905A (en) * 2022-03-03 2022-05-17 扬中市纪福葡萄种植专业合作社 Soilless culture method for sunshine roses
CN115777270A (en) * 2022-11-17 2023-03-14 杭州市临安区农林技术推广中心 Equipment is alleviated in soil acidizing based on moisture management

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