CN112429798B - Method for preparing salt-resistant evaporator by assembling nano particles on vertically-arranged fibers - Google Patents
Method for preparing salt-resistant evaporator by assembling nano particles on vertically-arranged fibers Download PDFInfo
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- CN112429798B CN112429798B CN202011350067.XA CN202011350067A CN112429798B CN 112429798 B CN112429798 B CN 112429798B CN 202011350067 A CN202011350067 A CN 202011350067A CN 112429798 B CN112429798 B CN 112429798B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a salt-tolerant evaporator by assembling nanoparticles on vertically arranged fibers, which comprises the steps of dispersing nanoparticles with the particle size of less than 50nm and capable of capturing solar energy in a polar solvent as a photo-thermal conversion agent, permeating a dispersion liquid into a fiber bundle with a regular shape, and baking and carbonizing to obtain the salt-tolerant evaporator. The evaporator obtained by the method disclosed by the invention has better circulation stability and salt tolerance in the process of desalting seawater by solar drive, the evaporation rate and the photothermal conversion efficiency in high-concentration brine are better than those of reported materials such as carbon nano tubes and graphene, and clean water can be efficiently extracted from seawater and sewage for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy utilization and nano materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a salt-resistant evaporator by assembling nano particles on vertically arranged fibers.
Background
Due to the shortage of fresh water resources and the constant consumption of traditional energy sources, solar-driven seawater and wastewater purification has become one of the most economical, sustainable and promising solutions to meet the growing demand for fresh water. The most outstanding characteristic of the interface water evaporation technology driven by solar energy is that the position of the photo-thermal conversion agent is positioned between liquid water and an air interface, the structure concentrates the heat of the solar energy on the interface of the water and the air, the heat is prevented from losing to a large area of water body, the solar energy is quickly converted into heat energy under the action of the photo-thermal conversion agent, the water at the interface is quickly evaporated, and the conversion efficiency of the solar energy and water vapor is greatly improved. The nano particles have higher photosensitivity and chemical stability as a photo-thermal conversion agent, have lower thermal conductivity compared with common carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, can limit heat in a specific area, prevent heat diffusion, and have more advantages as a photo-thermal conversion agent.
The seawater and wastewater desalination by the solar interface water evaporation technology is an ideal way to obtain clean water. However, the accumulation of salts or contaminants at the heated interface can severely inhibit steam generation and is not stable. Compared with the traditional evaporator, the evaporator prepared by vertically arranged fibers utilizes the good water conducting capacity of the fibers, the space among the fibers provides sufficient space for advection and diffusion of salt, and the evaporator has strong salt resistance. The fiber is an environment-friendly and easily-made material, the heat conductivity coefficient of the fiber is low, and the fiber is combined with the nano particles to serve as a photo-thermal agent, so that heat diffusion can be further prevented, and the conversion efficiency of solar energy and water vapor is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a salt-tolerant evaporator by assembling nano particles on vertically arranged fibers, which aims to realize the purpose of efficiently extracting clean water in seawater and sewage for a long time.
The method for preparing the salt-resistant evaporator by assembling the nano particles on the vertically arranged fibers comprises the following steps of:
step 1: selecting nanoparticles with the particle size less than 50nm and capable of capturing solar energy as a photo-thermal conversion agent;
step 2: uniformly dispersing the a g nanoparticles in the step 1 in b mL of polar solvent, and standing the polar solution in which the nanoparticles are dispersed for 30min to prepare a dispersion liquid, wherein a: b is 20-30 g/L;
and step 3: making the vertically arranged fibers into fiber bundles with regular surface shape, the fiber bundles mass of c g and volume of V cm 3 ，c:V＝0.13-0.15g/cm 3 (ii) a The regular shape includes: rectangular, circular or trapezoidal;
and 4, step 4: soaking the fiber bundle prepared in the step 3 in water to ensure that the mass ratio of the mass d g of the fiber bundle absorbing water to the fiber bundle reaches d: c is 9.6-11.4;
and 5: vertically placing the fiber bundle absorbed with water in the step 4, uniformly coating the dispersion liquid with the solute mass of a g prepared in the step 2 on the upper surface of the fiber bundle to ensure that the penetration thickness of the dispersion liquid on the fiber bundle is 0.2-0.5cm, and the loading capacity of the nano particles reaches e: S- 2 Then, the fiber bundle with the nano particles attached to the surface is placed in a blast drying oven, the temperature is set to be 50-60 ℃, and the fiber bundle is dried completely(ii) a Wherein S is the surface area of the fiber bundle;
step 6: taking out the completely dried fiber bundle attached with the nano particles in the step 5, and baking and carbonizing the fiber surface attached with the nano particles by using a high-temperature fire gun with the flame outer flame temperature of 400-500 ℃ so that the ratio t of the carbonization time t to the fiber surface S is 2-4S/m 2 The thickness of the carbonization zone is 0.1-0.2cm, and finally the vertically arranged fiber bundle with black surface is obtained;
and 7: and (3) washing the surface of the fiber bundle obtained in the step (6) for multiple times by using water, then placing the fiber bundle in a forced air drying box, setting the temperature to be 50-60 ℃ until the fiber bundle is completely dried, taking out the fiber bundle, and finally obtaining the salt-resistant evaporator prepared by assembling the nano particles on the vertically arranged fibers.
The nanoparticles capable of capturing solar energy refer to all nanoparticles capable of absorbing sunlight and converting the sunlight into heat energy, and include: fluorescent carbon dots, metal oxide with the particle size of not more than 50nm and organic polymer conductive nanoparticles.
The polar solvent is water, ethanol, methanol or dimethylformamide.
The vertically arranged fibers are acetate fibers or polypropylene fibers.
The evaporator obtained by the method disclosed by the invention has better circulation stability and salt tolerance in the process of desalting seawater by solar drive, has better evaporation rate and photothermal conversion efficiency in high-concentration brine than reported materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, and can efficiently extract clean water from seawater and sewage for a long time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention for fabricating a salt tolerant evaporator by assembling nanoparticles on vertically aligned fibers;
FIG. 2 is a top scanning electron micrograph of a salt-tolerant evaporator prepared by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the evaporation capacity of water in a salt-tolerant evaporator prepared by the method of the present invention under the irradiation of standard sunlight and the change of the illumination time;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the evaporation capacity of a salt-tolerant evaporator prepared by the method of the present invention in a 20 wt% salt solution as a function of time as the intensity of light increases;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the water evaporation rate of salt-tolerant evaporators made by the method of the present invention in salt solutions of different concentrations under a standard sunlight exposure;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the cyclic stability of the evaporation rate in a 20 wt% concentration salt solution using the method of the present invention under a standard solar exposure.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and examples:
the method for preparing the salt-resistant evaporator by assembling the nano particles on the vertically arranged fibers comprises the following steps of:
step 1: selecting nanoparticles with the particle size less than 50nm and capable of capturing solar energy as a photo-thermal conversion agent;
and 2, step: uniformly dispersing the a g nanoparticles in the step 1 in b mL of polar solvent, and standing the polar solution in which the nanoparticles are dispersed for 30min to prepare a dispersion liquid, wherein a: b is 20-30 g/L;
and step 3: making the vertically arranged fibers into fiber bundles with regular surface shape, the fiber bundles mass of c g and volume of V cm 3 ，c:V＝0.13-0.15g/cm 3 (ii) a The regular shape includes: rectangular, circular or trapezoidal;
and 4, step 4: soaking the fiber bundle prepared in the step 3 in water to ensure that the mass ratio of the mass d g of the fiber bundle absorbing water to the fiber bundle reaches d: c being 9.6-11.4;
and 5: vertically placing the fiber bundle adsorbed with water in the step 4, uniformly coating the dispersion liquid with the solute mass of a g prepared in the step 2 on the upper surface of the fiber bundle, enabling the penetration thickness of the dispersion liquid on the fiber bundle to be 0.2-0.5cm, and enabling the loading amount of nanoparticles to reach e: S-100- 2 Then, placing the fiber bundle with the nano particles attached to the surface in a blast drying oven, and setting the temperature to be 50-60 ℃ until the fiber bundle is completely dried; wherein S is the surface area of the fiber bundle;
step 6: the particles completely dried in the step 5 are attached with nano particlesTaking out the fiber bundle of the particles, baking and carbonizing the fiber surface attached with the nano particles by using a high-temperature fire gun with the flame outer flame temperature of 400- 2 The thickness of the carbonization zone is 0.1-0.2cm, and finally the vertically arranged fiber bundle with black surface is obtained;
and 7: and (3) washing the surface of the fiber bundle obtained in the step (6) for multiple times by using water, then placing the fiber bundle in a forced air drying box, setting the temperature to be 50-60 ℃ until the fiber bundle is completely dried, taking out the fiber bundle, and finally obtaining the salt-resistant evaporator prepared by assembling the nano particles on the vertically arranged fibers.
The nanoparticles capable of capturing solar energy refer to all nanoparticles capable of absorbing sunlight and converting the sunlight into heat energy, and include: fluorescent carbon dots, metal oxide with the particle size of not more than 50nm and organic polymer conductive nanoparticles.
The polar solvent is water, ethanol, methanol or dimethylformamide.
The vertically arranged fibers are acetate fibers or polypropylene fibers.
Example 1
The method for preparing the salt-resistant evaporator by assembling the nano particles on the vertically arranged fibers comprises the following steps of:
step 1: selecting coal tar pitch fluorescent carbon dots as a photo-thermal conversion agent;
step 2: uniformly dispersing 0.25g of the nanoparticles in the step 1 in 10mL of polar solvent, and standing the polar solution dispersed with the nanoparticles for 30min to prepare a dispersion liquid;
and step 3: the vertically arranged fibers were made into a fiber bundle having a surface of regular shape, a mass of 0.52g and a volume of 3.71cm 3 (ii) a The regular shape is circular;
and 4, step 4: soaking the fiber bundle prepared in the step 3 in water to ensure that the mass ratio of 5.62g of the water absorbed by the fiber bundle to the fiber bundle reaches d: c which is 10.8;
and 5: vertically placing the fiber bundle adsorbed with water in the step 4, and uniformly coating the dispersion liquid with the solute mass of 0.25g prepared in the step 2 on the upper surface of the fiber bundleSpreading the dispersion to a penetration thickness of 0.4cm on the fiber bundle, and loading the nanoparticles to an amount of e: S-120 g/m 2 Then, placing the fiber bundle with the nano particles attached to the surface in a blast drying oven, and setting the temperature to be 55 ℃ until the fiber bundle is completely dried; wherein S is the surface area of the fiber bundle;
step 6: taking out the completely dried fiber bundle attached with the nano particles in the step 5, and baking and carbonizing the fiber surface attached with the nano particles by using a high-temperature fire gun with the flame outer flame temperature of 450 ℃ so that the ratio t: S of the carbonization time t to the fiber surface S is 3S/m 2 The thickness of the carbonization zone is 0.2cm, and finally the vertically arranged fiber bundle with black surface is obtained;
and 7: and (4) washing the surface of the fiber bundle obtained in the step (6) for multiple times by using water, then placing the fiber bundle in a forced air drying box, setting the temperature to be 55 ℃ until the fiber bundle is completely dried, taking out the fiber bundle, and finally obtaining the salt-resistant evaporator prepared by assembling the nano particles on the vertically arranged fibers.
The flow chart of the method for preparing the salt-tolerant evaporator by assembling the nano particles on the vertically arranged fibers is shown in figure 1. FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a salt-tolerant evaporator prepared by the method of the present invention viewed from above; as can be seen, the melting of the fiber ends on the evaporator surface causes the nanoparticles to be firmly bonded to the fibers. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the evaporation capacity of water in a salt-tolerant evaporator prepared by the method of the present invention under the irradiation of standard sunlight and the change of the illumination time; as can be seen from the figure, the evaporation rate of the salt-tolerant evaporator prepared by the method is 2.6kg m under 1 standard sunlight irradiation -2 h -1 . FIG. 4 is a graph showing the evaporation capacity of a salt-tolerant evaporator prepared by the method of the present invention in a 20 wt% salt solution as a function of time as the intensity of light increases; as can be seen from the figure, the evaporation rate of the salt-tolerant evaporator prepared by the method of the invention in 20 wt% salt solution is sequentially increased along with the light intensity, and the evaporation rate is more than 3 times under 1 standard sunlight under 5 times of light intensity, which shows that the salt-tolerant evaporator prepared by the method of the invention has stronger adaptability under different illumination intensities. FIG. 5 shows the exposure to standard sunlightThe salt-tolerant evaporator prepared by the method has water evaporation rates in salt solutions with different concentrations; it can be seen from the figure that under the irradiation of standard sunlight, the salt-tolerant evaporator prepared by the invention keeps stable water evaporation rate in salt solutions with different concentrations, and the evaporation rate in a 20 wt% nearly saturated salt solution is not attenuated, which shows that the salt-tolerant evaporator prepared by the invention has stronger salt tolerance. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the cyclic stability of the evaporation rate in a 20% strength by weight salt solution under a standard solar irradiation using the method of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, under the irradiation of standard sunlight, the salt-tolerant evaporator prepared by the method circularly evaporates 16 times in the salt solution with the concentration of 20 wt%, and the evaporation rate is not obviously reduced, which shows that the salt-tolerant evaporator prepared by the method can be repeatedly utilized.
Claims (3)
1. The method for preparing the salt-resistant evaporator by assembling the nano particles on the vertically arranged fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting nanoparticles with the particle size of less than 50nm and capable of capturing solar energy as a photo-thermal conversion agent;
step 2: uniformly dispersing the a g nanoparticles in step 1 in b mL of polar solvent, and standing the polar solution dispersed with the nanoparticles for 30min to prepare a dispersion liquid, wherein a: b =20-30 g/L;
and 3, step 3: making the vertically arranged fibers into fiber bundles with regular surface shape, the fiber bundles mass of c g and volume of V cm 3 ，c:V = 0.13-0.15 g/cm 3 (ii) a The regular shape includes: rectangular, circular or trapezoidal;
and 4, step 4: soaking the fiber bundle prepared in the step 3 in water to enable the mass ratio of the mass d g of the fiber bundle absorbing water to the fiber bundle to reach d: c = 9.6-11.4;
and 5: vertically placing the fiber bundle adsorbed with water in the step 4, uniformly coating the dispersion liquid with the solute mass of a g prepared in the step 2 on the upper surface of the fiber bundle to ensure that the penetration thickness of the dispersion liquid on the fiber bundle is 0.2-0.5cm, and the loading amount of the nano particles reaches e: S =100-130 g/m 2 Then, placing the fiber bundle with the nano particles attached to the surface in a blast drying oven, and setting the temperature to be 50-60 ℃ until the fiber bundle is completely dried; wherein S is the surface area of the fiber bundle;
and 6: taking out the fiber bundle with the nano particles completely dried in the step 5, and baking and carbonizing the surface of the fiber with the nano particles by using a high-temperature flame gun with the flame outer flame temperature of 400-500 ℃ so that the ratio t of the carbonization time t to the surface area S of the fiber bundle is (S = 2-4S/m) 2 The thickness of the carbonization layer is 0.1-0.2cm, and finally the vertically arranged fiber bundle with black surface is obtained;
and 7: washing the surface of the fiber bundle obtained in the step 6 for multiple times by using water, then placing the fiber bundle in a forced air drying oven, setting the temperature to be 50-60 ℃ until the fiber bundle is completely dried, taking out the fiber bundle, and finally obtaining the salt-resistant evaporator with the nano particles assembled on the vertically arranged fibers;
the vertically arranged fibers are acetate fibers or polypropylene fibers.
2. The method of fabricating a salt-resistant evaporator using nanoparticles assembled on vertically aligned fibers according to claim 1, wherein: the nano-particles capable of capturing solar energy refer to fluorescent carbon dots capable of absorbing sunlight and converting the sunlight into heat energy, and metal oxide or organic polymer conductive nano-particles with the particle size of not more than 50 nm.
3. The method of fabricating a salt-resistant evaporator using nanoparticles assembled on vertically aligned fibers according to claim 1, wherein: the polar solvent is water, ethanol, methanol or dimethylformamide.
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| CN113321256B (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-10-28 | 西安交通大学 | Active salt-resistant solar evaporator and application thereof |
| CN114920314B (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2023-09-01 | 青岛大学 | Full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment |
| CN114940523B (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2023-09-01 | 青岛大学 | Solar sea water desalination and collection device based on interface photo-thermal evaporation technology |
| CN115028225B (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2024-02-06 | 青岛大学 | Intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection equipment |
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| CN108715471B (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2020-08-11 | 南京师范大学 | Seawater desalination method based on copper nanoparticle photothermal effect |
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