CN115028225B - Intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection equipment - Google Patents
Intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115028225B CN115028225B CN202210741996.6A CN202210741996A CN115028225B CN 115028225 B CN115028225 B CN 115028225B CN 202210741996 A CN202210741996 A CN 202210741996A CN 115028225 B CN115028225 B CN 115028225B
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Abstract
The invention discloses intelligent solar interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection equipment, which comprises a sealing cover, a sea water accommodating tank, a solar interface evaporator, a condensation component and a water storage tank, wherein a condensation plate is obliquely arranged above the water storage tank downwards from one end of the solar interface evaporator to the direction of the water storage tank, a water supply cavity is arranged on the condensation plate and is communicated with the sea water accommodating tank through a water supply pipeline, a thermoelectric generation device is arranged on the condensation plate, the solar interface evaporator comprises a heat insulation supporting plate, the upper surface of the heat insulation supporting plate is vertically extended upwards to be provided with a plurality of cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components with large specific surface areas and porous or multi-gap structures, and the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components are used for carrying out hydrophilic modification and photo-thermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment. The condensation heat generated in the water evaporation process is effectively utilized to further promote and improve the water evaporation efficiency. The invention has wide application prospect in the fields of sea water desalination and sewage treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sea water desalination, in particular to intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type sea water desalination continuous collection equipment.
Background
With the rapid development of modern industry, a series of problems such as environmental pollution, energy shortage and the like continuously appear to exacerbate the shortage of fresh water resources. Desalination from brine is a satisfactory strategy for alleviating water crisis, and several techniques have been proposed, such as forward osmosis, reverse osmosis, membrane distillation and nanofiltration. However, to date, these techniques have remained energy intensive. To solve these problems, clean renewable solar energy is used as a promising energy source; it can not only produce purified water from seawater or waste water, but also promote the development of sustainable technology. Solar steam generation has become a potentially more environmentally friendly, more cost-effective technique for water purification by direct solar-to-thermal energy conversion, as it can greatly improve solar-to-thermal energy conversion efficiency. In recent years, solar-driven interfacial water evaporation technology has attracted extensive attention in academia and industry, which can realize ecological, low-cost, safe and independent electric power desalination of sea water, and is considered as an excellent choice for producing pure water, and is one of the most promising methods for relieving the urgent crisis of fresh water shortage. In order to solve the above problems, solar interfacial evaporators based on photo-thermal evaporation technology are being developed. Considering that the total amount of evaporated water is positively correlated with the evaporation rate, pursuing a high water evaporation rate has been a research hotspot for solar interfacial evaporation. In order to improve the evaporation rate and efficiency, efforts have been made to synthesize efficient photothermal conversion materials and optimize the functional structure of the evaporator. Various photo-thermal materials applicable to interfacial evaporation are reported at present, but the optimization of the photo-thermal materials can only improve the evaporation rate to a limited extent, so that the evaporation rate is close to the theoretical evaporation limit (1.47 kg.m-2.h-1) of a two-dimensional (2D) planar evaporator. The main technology is as follows:
CN113294922a discloses an interface evaporation device for solar-driven photo-thermal-thermoelectric coupling synergy, which belongs to the field of renewable energy sources. The interface evaporation device consists of a photo-thermal evaporation film, a thermoelectric module, an electric heating film, a condensing device and a water storage device; the photo-thermal evaporation film is respectively connected with the electric heating film, the condensing device and the water tank, and simultaneously receives sunlight directly; the condensing device is connected with the water storage device; the electric heating film is connected with the thermoelectric module in parallel; the thermoelectric module is in contact with the sleep of the pool. The interface evaporation device takes an evaporation film as a solar thermal absorption conversion center and a water evaporation center, takes a thermoelectric module as a heat insulation body and a thermoelectric generation center, takes an electric heating film as a joule heating center, and utilizes an interface evaporation film photo-thermal-thermoelectric coupling synergy technology to efficiently convert solar energy into heat energy to drive water to evaporate; and collecting condensed water produced by the evaporation.
CN111302423a discloses a solar water purifier based on interface solar photo-thermal conversion, comprising a solar interface evaporator and a distilled water collector, wherein the solar interface evaporator comprises an open water storage disc and a light absorber with high-efficiency photo-thermal conversion efficiency; the light absorber is of a double-layer structure and is formed by compounding an upper-layer light-heat conversion material and a lower-layer heat insulation material, and dust-free cloth is arranged between the upper-layer heat conversion material and the lower-layer heat insulation material; when in use, the dust-free cloth needs to be ensured to be in continuous contact with the liquid level in the water storage disc so as to ensure that enough water is transported to the surface of the light absorber to ensure continuous evaporation.
CN111268754B discloses a solar-driven photo-thermal-salt-difference power generation coupling synergistic interface evaporation system, which comprises a condensation film, a solar photo-thermal film, a salt-difference power generation module and a collecting and storing device, wherein the solar photo-thermal film evaporates seawater, so that solutions on two sides of an ion permeable film of the salt-difference power generation module generate concentration differences, the salt-difference power generation module utilizes the concentration differences generated in the evaporation process to generate power, and electric energy is fed back in situ to joule heat the solar photo-thermal film, so that the evaporation temperature of the solar photo-thermal film is improved, and the evaporation efficiency of the process is further improved; the storage device is used for collecting steam or condensed water generated by solar evaporation.
The two-dimensional film structure patent technology achieves the aim of obtaining fresh water by evaporating seawater by utilizing solar energy, but still has some defects. Because the surface evaporation technology mainly makes full use of natural factors such as illumination, wind speed, relative humidity of air and the like. If the evaporation speed is to be improved, three means are theoretically available, namely, the higher the temperature is, the faster the evaporation speed is; secondly, the air flow rate on the water surface is quickened; and thirdly, the surface area of the evaporated liquid is increased. For the practical application of solar energy interface evaporation, the two modes are very high in investment and energy consumption by heating or improving the air flow rate in an artificial mode, and obviously unrealistic, so that the water temperature can be improved only in a sunlight mode and natural wind force is relied on, and the evaporation speed of the sea water is difficult to be improved by the first two modes. For the third way, the surface area of liquid evaporation is increased, sea water interfacial evaporation is surface evaporation, the larger the area is, the faster the natural evaporation speed is, but solar interfacial evaporator is proportional to investment, and solar interfacial evaporator cannot be infinitely large. Through analysis of the above problems, it is currently possible if the evaporation surface area of the interfacial evaporator can be increased by other means. The solar interface evaporator with the planar two-dimensional structure has limited evaporation surface area, so that the water evaporation efficiency is limited. Therefore, based on the previous planar structure interface evaporator, in order to break through the evaporation rate limit of the planar evaporator, researchers designed a three-dimensional (3D) structure evaporator with a larger evaporation surface area, and specific techniques are as follows:
CN114314719 a provides a composite evaporation rod based on interfacial evaporation, which comprises a light-heat conversion layer and a water supply layer, and the light-heat conversion layer surrounds the water supply layer. Bottom water supply type evaporation rod: the composite evaporating rod is inserted into a water source to be treated, the composite evaporating rod is fixed on the water surface through holes in the middle of polystyrene foam, the bottom of the composite evaporating rod is immersed in water supply, and water is continuously supplied to the light-heat conversion layer under the capillary action. Top water feed evaporation bar: the water source to be treated is put into a water storage container at the top of the evaporating rod, so that the water source is used for supplying water to the light-heat conversion layer under the action of capillary action and gravity. The evaporation flux of the composite evaporation rod is far higher than that of the conventional evaporation material under the unit occupied area, and the composite evaporation rod has the advantages of efficient evaporation, low cost and sustainability.
CN114506892 a discloses a photo-thermal interface evaporator, its preparation method and application. The photo-thermal interface evaporator comprises: the base is a hydrophilic base and is provided with a bearing surface, and the bearing surface is the upper surface of a plurality of pointed bulges distributed in an array; and the photo-thermal film is positioned on the bearing surface. The invention can greatly reduce the contact area between the base and the photo-thermal film by controlling the total area of the bearing surface through the plurality of pointed bulges distributed in an array, and effectively reduce the heat conduction from the photo-thermal film to the base, thus forming the photo-thermal interface evaporator with low heat dissipation and high heat accumulation. Compared with the conventional evaporator, the photo-thermal interface evaporator effectively inhibits heat dissipation, improves heat accumulation, improves the evaporation rate and energy efficiency of a photo-thermal interface evaporation system, and can improve the evaporation rate by 10-100%.
Compared with the traditional planar two-dimensional evaporator, the solar interface evaporator technology with the three-dimensional structure has the advantages that the evaporation area is increased, so that the evaporation speed is greatly improved, but the manufacturing cost is high, the structure is complex, the long-term stability of a complex environment is poor, the whole maintenance amount is large, and the solar interface evaporator technology is not suitable for large-scale application, so that the existing three-dimensional evaporator still has some defects. For example: the side surfaces of the first and the 3D evaporators cannot absorb sunlight, and the side surfaces are evaporated to enable the side surface temperature to be lower than the environment temperature, so that the energy absorption of the evaporators from the environment is facilitated. However, most of the evaporators including the above-mentioned patent technologies at present do not consider diffusion channels of the vapor, and a large amount of vapor stagnates inside the pores and cannot diffuse, severely limiting the evaporation rate. Secondly, the long-term stability of the evaporator in a complex environment is a key for realizing the large-scale practical application of the solar evaporation technology. Third, the excellent salt resistance of the evaporator is also a key factor in determining the long term stable evaporation of the evaporator. Fourth, condensation heat is generated during the condensation of the evaporated water vapor into liquid water, however, most evaporators at present lose the vapor enthalpy to the environment during the condensation of the vapor into water, resulting in a great reduction in energy utilization. Therefore, how to solve the problems of reducing cost, increasing photo-thermal conversion efficiency, improving water evaporation efficiency and salt tolerance, and the like, effectively utilizing the condensation heat generated in the water evaporation process to further promote and improve the water evaporation efficiency, and realizing industrialized application is a problem which puzzles the people in the fields of sea water desalination and sewage treatment to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device which has the characteristics of simple structure, high photo-thermal conversion efficiency, stability, high water evaporation rate, excellent salt tolerance, large-scale application and the like, and high heat energy utilization rate.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an intelligent solar energy interface evaporation formula sea water desalination continuous collection equipment, includes the sealed cowling that a curb plate and roof are constituteed by transparent material are made, be equipped with the sea water holding tank that holds the sea water in the sealed cowling, one locate the solar energy interface evaporator that can float in sea water surface in the sea water holding tank, one be used for evaporating the condensation part that forms the vapor back condensation into the liquid drop in succession with sea water to and one be used for carrying out continuous collection's to the liquid drop aqua storage tank, its characterized in that: the condensing part is a condensing plate arranged on the top plate, the condensing plate is downwards obliquely arranged above the water storage tank from one end of the solar interface evaporator to the direction of the water storage tank, a water supply cavity for continuously providing seawater to be evaporated to the seawater containing tank and a water inlet end for providing seawater to the water supply cavity are arranged on the condensing plate, the water supply cavity is communicated with the seawater containing tank through a water supply pipeline, a thermoelectric generation device which is connected with the water supply cavity and is used for preheating the seawater to be evaporated by utilizing heat released by vapor condensation and generating electricity by utilizing temperature difference is arranged on the condensing plate, the solar interface evaporator comprises a heat insulation supporting plate which is used for floating on the surface of the seawater, the heat insulation supporting plate is provided with a lower surface which is in contact with the surface of the seawater and an upper surface which is arranged corresponding to the lower surface, the upper surface of the heat insulation supporting plate is upwards vertically extended to be provided with a plurality of cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts which are provided with porous or multi-gap structures and are used for continuously evaporating the seawater, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts downwards extend below the lower surface of the heat insulation supporting plate to form a water guide end which is used for transmitting the seawater to the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts, a plurality of cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts are used for conducting the seawater, and a plurality of cylindrical three-dimensional heat transfer evaporation parts are used for conducting three-dimensional heat transfer and a cylindrical three-dimensional heat transfer and a water guide and a water layer for carrying out three-dimensional heat transfer and a water conversion and a hydrophilic heat transfer treatment.
According to the intelligent solar interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is a yarn strip formed by twisting a plurality of strands of fibers, and the yarn strip is distributed on the heat insulation support plate in an annular array, a rectangular array or irregularly.
According to the intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is a cluster fiber bundle formed by binding a plurality of single fibers, and the cluster fiber bundle is distributed on the heat insulation supporting plate in an annular array, a rectangular array or irregularly.
According to the intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device, the linear density of the yarn strips is 10-300tex, the diameter is 0.5-8mm, the gap between adjacent yarn strips is 0.1-50mm, and the height is 0.1cm-15cm.
According to the intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device, the supporting ventilation component which extends from the water guide end to the top end direction of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component and is used for enhancing steam diffusion efficiency is arranged in the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component, the supporting ventilation component comprises a cylinder body with a steam diffusion channel, and a plurality of steam guide holes used for rapidly diffusing steam are formed in the cylinder wall of the cylinder body along the axis direction of the cylinder body.
The intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device, and the preparation method of the solar energy interface evaporator comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a heat-insulating supporting plate and a cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component:
(1) Selecting a plate body made of a material which has heat insulation performance and can float on the water surface for standby;
(2) Cutting the plate body according to actual needs to obtain a heat-insulating supporting plate for later use;
(3) Twisting multiple strands of fibers to form yarn strips or binding a plurality of single fibers to form cluster fiber bundles;
(4) Sequentially fixing a plurality of yarn strips or cluster structures on the heat insulation supporting plate according to a certain interval distance, and penetrating through the heat insulation supporting plate to extend downwards;
(5) Adjusting the lengths of yarn strips or cluster-shaped fiber bundles above and below the heat-insulating support plate and gaps between adjacent yarn strips or cluster-shaped fiber bundles to obtain a three-dimensional fabric consisting of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component and the heat-insulating support plate;
2. hydrophilic and cationic modification:
(1) Washing the three-dimensional fabric with ethanol, removing impurities on the surface of the fabric, washing with distilled water and drying;
(2) Dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in a tris buffer solution, uniformly mixing, reacting for 24 hours at room temperature, and then soaking the three-dimensional fabric;
(3) Repeatedly cleaning polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitate on the surface of the fabric through deionized water;
(4) Drying the washed three-dimensional fabric by using a blast drying oven at the drying temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 2-5 hours to achieve complete drying;
(5) Obtaining the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric with the surface modified by dopamine/polyethyleneimine and the cationic characteristic;
3. and (3) carrying out deposition modification treatment on the photo-thermal conversion layer:
and (3) depositing a photo-thermal conversion material on the surface of the finally obtained hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photo-thermal conversion material.
The intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device is characterized in that: the light-heat conversion material is MXene, and the light-heat conversion layer deposition modification treatment comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of MXene solution:
(1) 2.5g of MAX phase precursor Ti 3 C 2 T x Slowly adding the powder into 50ml of mixed solution formed by 3.0g of LiF and 9mol/L of HCl, and stirring at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker for reaction to obtain a reaction solution;
(2) Centrifuging the reaction solution with deionized water for a plurality of times until the pH value of the supernatant is 6-7;
(3) Dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment, and centrifuging again to obtain supernatant to obtain MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid with the volume percentage concentration of 0.5-20 mg/ml;
2. MXene modification of hydrophilic three-dimensional fabrics:
and (3) depositing the MXene nano-sheets in the MXene nano-sheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in the step (5) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photo-thermal conversion material, wherein the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or an impregnation method, and the MXene content accounts for 1-20wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.
According to the intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device, the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photo-thermal conversion material is subjected to anti-oxidation treatment, the finally obtained vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric is immersed in the tris buffer solution containing dopamine and polyethyleneimine, a dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is formed on the surface of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, and the thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is 1.5-2.5 mu m.
According to the intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device, the weight ratio of the dopamine to the polyethyleneimine is 2:1-1:2, the concentration is 0.5-3mg/mL, the pH of the tris buffer solution is 8.5, and the mass fraction is 0.5-1.5%.
According to the intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device, the particle size of MAX is 200-600 meshes, the temperature is 25-45 ℃, the reaction time is 12-30h, the centrifugal speed is 1500-8500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nano-sheet dispersion liquid is 10mg/mL.
The intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device has the advantages that: a yarn vertical array structure 3D evaporator with multilevel pores is modified by using a photothermal conversion material MXene and polydopamine/polyethyleneimine. The unique multistage aperture of the 3D vertical array evaporator can realize light capture to the greatest extent, meanwhile, the evaporation surface area and the steam escape space are effectively increased by rich aperture structures, and in addition, the side temperature of the 3D evaporator is lower than the ambient temperature, so that energy can be further absorbed from the environment. In addition, the vertical arrangement structure of the evaporator causes the evaporator to form salt concentration and temperature gradient in the evaporation process, and the induced Marangoni effect can promote water flow, so that the evaporation rate and the energy conversion efficiency of the evaporator are further improved. Under the conditions of 1 sunlight irradiation and no air convection, the evaporation rate of the three-dimensional fabric 3D evaporator is up to 3.95kg m & lt-2 & gt h & lt-1 & gt, the evaporation capacity of outdoor continuous 8 hours is up to 47.04kg & lt-m & gt, and the three-dimensional fabric 3D evaporator is fully diffused under the convection 4m & lt-1 & gt, so that the evaporation rate is up to 13.25kg & m & lt-2 & gt h & lt-1 & gt. The integrated three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator with easy preparation, high efficiency and salt tolerance can be repeatedly used and applied on a large scale. Meanwhile, the lower the temperature of the seawater to be evaporated above the condenser is, the higher the temperature of the two sides of the thermoelectric module is, and the higher the thermoelectric potential is. The condensation heat generated in the process of condensing the evaporated water vapor into liquid water can be effectively utilized to further promote and improve the water evaporation efficiency. The invention provides an effective method for solving the problem of water resource shortage, and has wide application prospect in the fields of sea water desalination and sewage treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front-to-back water purification performance test chart of the apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a graph of thermoelectric generation performance test of the device;
FIG. 4 is a chart of outdoor evaporation performance test of the apparatus;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure of the solar interface evaporator;
FIG. 6 is an electron micrograph of a vertical yarn array stereofabric before and after loading the fibers with PDA/PEI and MXene;
FIG. 7 is a wettability test image of a photothermal conversion layer;
FIG. 8 is a graph of light absorption performance spectra before and after loading PDA/PEI and MXene with a vertical array of three-dimensional fabrics;
FIG. 9 is an infrared thermal imaging of the thermal conductivity of a vertical array three-dimensional fabric;
FIG. 10 is an infrared thermal imaging of a vertical array stereoscopic fabric desalination process;
FIG. 11 is a graph of evaporation rate versus test for different yarn spacing and different heights;
FIG. 12 is a chart of antibacterial contamination testing for vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabrics;
FIG. 13 is a graph of oil stain resistance performance test for a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric;
FIG. 14 is a graph of a salt stain resistance test for a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cluster-shaped fiber bundle according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of the ventilation member 12 according to embodiment 5 of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "provided," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1:
as shown in FIG. 1, the intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device comprises a sealing cover 18 composed of a side plate 16 and a top plate 17 made of transparent materials, wherein the transparent materials can be glass or acrylic plates. The sealed cover 18 is internally provided with a seawater containing tank 19 for containing seawater, a solar interface evaporator 20 which is arranged in the seawater containing tank 19 and can float on the surface of the seawater, a condensing part 21 for condensing the seawater into liquid drops after continuously evaporating the seawater to form water vapor, and a water storage tank 22 for continuously collecting the liquid drops, wherein the condensing part 21 is a condensing plate arranged on the inner wall of the top plate 17, the condensing plate is obliquely arranged above the water storage tank 22 from one end of the solar interface evaporator 20 to the direction of the water storage tank 22, and the condensing plate and the side plate 16 form a diversion part for rapidly guiding the liquid drops into the water storage tank 22.
In this embodiment, the top plate 17 can be directly used for both use, and is made of glass or other transparent materials, and water vapor is cooled and condensed at the condensing plate made of glass; in order to improve the collection speed, the bottom of the condensing plate can be coated with hydrophobic materials, condensed liquid water naturally falls off and is collected in the water storage tank 22, condensed water drops can be rapidly drained into the water storage tank 22 through the drainage function of the flow guide component, the temperature of the condensing plate can be reduced, and the condensation efficiency of water vapor is improved. The sealing cover 18 of the sealing structure is provided for evaporating seawater by utilizing heat generated by sunlight efficiently, and the periphery is separated from the outside by the side plates 16, so that water vapor is prevented from escaping, and heat exchange with the outside is reduced. Of course, as a modification, ventilation holes may be formed in the side plate 16 or the top plate 17, so that air can form a relative air circulation effect inside and outside the sealing cover 18, and the evaporation rate is further increased by increasing the air flow rate.
As another embodiment, the sealing cover 18 may be a fully-closed box structure formed by a side plate 16, a bottom plate 23 and a top plate 17, the top plate 17 and one of the side plates 16 are connected in a hinge rotation or plugging manner, and the seawater containing tank 19 and the water storage tank 22 may be both arranged on the bottom plate.
In order to further improve the water evaporation efficiency and effectively utilize the heat released in the steam condensation process, a water supply cavity 24 for continuously supplying the seawater to be evaporated into the seawater accommodating groove 19 is arranged on the condensation plate, the water supply cavity 24 is made of transparent glass or transparent acrylic plates to form a sealing structure, a water inlet end 25 for supplying the seawater to the water supply cavity 24, and the water supply cavity 24 is communicated with the seawater accommodating groove 19 through a water supply pipeline 26. The side plate 16 is provided with a water outlet 27 for discharging fresh water from the reservoir 22. In order to realize automatic water supply of seawater, the seawater in the seawater accommodating groove 19 is ensured to be sufficient and not overflow, the seawater in the water supply cavity 24 is ensured to be always in a full state, electromagnetic valves for controlling on and off by signals or switching elements for automatically controlling by signals can be arranged on a pipeline leading to the water supply cavity and the water supply pipeline 26, and sensors for detecting liquid level are arranged in the water supply cavity 24 and the seawater accommodating groove 19, and automatic water supply is realized through a program set by a controller. Similarly, the fresh water collected in the water storage tank 22 can be output through the water outlet 27 by means of automatic signal control such as an electromagnetic valve and a sensor. A thermoelectric generation device 28 connected to the water supply chamber 24 and preheating the seawater to be evaporated by the heat released by condensing the steam and generating electricity by using a temperature difference is provided on the condensation plate. The thermoelectric generation device 28 is a thermoelectric generation chip, and the manufacturer: hubei Saigui New energy science, inc., model: TEG-12708-40.times.40, which is the prior art, is not explained here. The water inlet end 25 comprises a water storage tank 29, the invention can supply water to the water supply cavity 24 in two ways, firstly, the device can be directly arranged at a position close to the coast or the seaside, the water suction pump 30 is arranged to automatically inject the seawater into the water storage tank 29, the automatic water inlet mode can reduce the labor intensity of workers, and the intelligent automatic seawater desalination work is truly realized. Second, seawater can be filled into the water storage tank 29 by manual water filling, and the invention has flexible use mode and can meet the requirements of different cities such as inland and coastal areas.
The working mode of the equipment is as follows: heating the seawater by the thermoelectric generation device 28, generating steam through the solar interface evaporator 20; the condensing plate is used for condensing and recycling the water vapor, and the water drops condensed on the inclined condensing plate are more easily gathered and recycled and then stored in the water storage tank 22; an effective temperature difference is formed between the heat released by the condensation of the steam and the seawater to be evaporated in the water supply cavity 24, the heat is collected by the thermoelectric generation device 28 to generate electricity, and the electricity is generated through a thermoelectric module (based on Bi 2 Te 3 Material) triggered Seebeck effect collects heat. The designed evaporation enthalpy recovery mode can convert waste energy into electric energy under lower sunlight intensity. The lower the temperature of the seawater to be evaporated above the solar interface evaporator 20 is, the higher the temperature of the two sides of the thermoelectric module is, the higher the thermoelectric potential is, the electric energy can be stored, and the seawater in the seawater accommodating tank 19 can be heated for the second time by arranging an electric heating device, so that the water evaporation efficiency is further improved; one of steam condensation releasePart of the heat can preheat the seawater to be evaporated in the water supply cavity 24, and the heated seawater flows into the seawater accommodating groove 19 through the water supply pipeline 26, so that the heat required for evaporating the water is reduced to a certain extent; meanwhile, the steam is quickly condensed through the condensing plate, so that the air humidity in the sealed cover 18 is reduced, and the water evaporation rate is further accelerated; the collected purified water is used for cultivating plants through the agricultural irrigation device, and the flow of the purified water to the plants in the cultivation area is controlled through manual and automatic control. The water supply speed of each part in the whole system can be automatically controlled through signals so as to achieve the purpose of self-maintenance.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the test performance of the present invention is as follows:
water purification Performance test
Ion concentrations before and after seawater desalination were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results of FIG. 3 show that the condensate water obtained by actual evaporation of yellow sea water has four main ion concentrations (Na + 、Ca 2+ 、K + And Mg (magnesium) 2+ ) All the ion concentration is reduced to 1.1mg L by more than three orders of magnitude -1 In the following, the standards for healthy drinking water specified by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the united states Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are met. Meanwhile, methyl orange and methylene blue are used as simulated pollutants, and the ultraviolet-visible spectrum shows that the pollutant content in the condensed water is negligible.
Thermoelectric generation performance test
Fig. 4 shows the output of the open circuit voltage of the thermoelectric generation device under one sun light, using flowing sea water baths of about 23, 15 and 10 c to simulate the condition of natural sea water, according to the average temperature around a typical city. The temperature differences across the thermoelectric modules were 7.1, 14.2 and 19.8 ℃, respectively, and the corresponding obtained open circuit voltages were 72.6, 204.9 and 271.4mV, respectively. Under more intense 3 sun light exposure, the voltage can be as high as about 427.9mV when the flowing seawater temperature is about 15 ℃.
Irrigation plant with purified water
The collected purified water can be used for agricultural irrigation, and the flow rate of the purified water to plants in a cultivation area is controlled through the spring clamp. FIG. 5 shows that plants can be germinated to grow into 10cm high seedlings within 8 days.
Outdoor evaporation performance test
In natural sunlight, outdoor water evaporation experiments were performed using a homemade evaporator. Fig. 6 records the changes in illumination intensity, ambient temperature over time (2021, 6.19, qingdao, china). The results showed that the accumulated evaporation water amount of the evaporation device during the period from 9:00 am to 17:00 pm was as high as 47.04kg m-2. The water-saving evaporator is sufficient to meet the daily drinking water requirement of 10 persons and agricultural irrigation of a certain area, and meanwhile, the surface of the evaporator is free from salt deposition in the whole evaporation process, so that the water-saving evaporator has excellent evaporation performance and salt tolerance. Meanwhile, the thermoelectric device can generate 140.5mV maximum open-circuit voltage under the outdoor condition, and can generate electric energy in practical application.
As shown in fig. 5, the solar interfacial evaporator 20 comprises a heat insulation support plate 1 for floating on the surface of seawater, the heat insulation support plate 1 having a lower surface 2 contacting with the surface of seawater and an upper surface 3 disposed corresponding to the lower surface 2, the heat insulation support plate 1 being made of a material having heat insulation property and floatable on the water surface, which can be selected from polystyrene foam, sponge, aerogel, carpet base cloth, etc., and having a thickness of 0.5-3cm. Of course, the thickness of the heat insulation support plate 1 may be arbitrarily adjusted according to the actual evaporation efficiency and the load. A plurality of cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components 4 with large specific surface area and porous or multi-gap structures for continuously evaporating seawater are vertically arranged on the upper surface 3 of the heat insulation supporting plate 1 in an extending mode, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components 4 penetrate through the lower surface 2 of the heat insulation supporting plate 1 downwards to extend below the surface of the seawater to form a water guide end 5 for conveying the seawater to the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components 4, and a plurality of flow guide channels 6 for rapidly diffusing steam are formed between the adjacent cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components 4.
In this embodiment, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component 4 is a yarn 7 formed by twisting a plurality of fibers, and the yarn 7 is distributed on the heat insulation supporting plate 1 in a ring-shaped array, a rectangular array or irregularly. The yarns of the yarn strips 7 are cotton, hemp, viscose, wool, terylene, nylon, vinylon, acrylon, aramid and other pure or blended yarns, the linear density of the yarn strips 7 is 10tex, the diameter is 0.5mm, the gaps between adjacent yarn strips are 0.1mm, and the height is 0.1cm.
The specific preparation process is as follows: the roving is made by twisting a plurality of strands of fibers, the effective evaporation area is greatly increased due to the structure that the roving is formed by twisting the plurality of strands of fibers, and the twist is set according to the actual evaporation efficiency and the environmental condition, so that the roving is soft. According to specific gap requirements, the roving is sequentially fixed on the array position of the heat-insulating support plate 1 in a sewing or braiding mode, yarns which penetrate into the heat-insulating support plate 1 and are positioned below the heat-insulating support plate 1 form a water guide end 5, and after the fixation is finished, the roving on the heat-insulating support plate 1 is cut according to the height requirements. The heat-insulating support plate 1 floats on the water surface, transferring moisture from the bottom of the roving to the top. The vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric with adjustable roving size and pore is formed by firmly weaving yarns on the heat-insulating supporting plate 1 by adopting a simple and effective sewing method.
In order to improve the light absorption performance, evaporation performance and salt pollution resistance of the yarn 7, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation member 4 is sequentially subjected to hydrophilic modification treatment, photo-thermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment and surface oxidation prevention treatment. In this embodiment, the photothermal conversion material is MXene. And (3) depositing the MXene nano-sheets in the MXene nano-sheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the finally obtained hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photo-thermal conversion material. Immersing the finally obtained vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric in a tris buffer solution containing dopamine and polyethyleneimine, and forming a dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer, namely an anti-oxidation film, on the surface of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, wherein the thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is 1.5-2.5 mu m, and the optimal thickness of the embodiment is 2 mu m. The electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or an impregnation method, and the MXene content accounts for 1-20wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric. Through an expandable layer-by-layer self-assembly method, an MXene layer with 100% photo-thermal conversion efficiency and a hydrophilic polydopamine/polyethyleneimine layer form a sandwich microstructure of Polydopamine (PDA)/Polyethyleneimine (PEI) -MXene-Polydopamine (PDA)/Polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the surface of a fiber in situ. A sandwich microstructure is understood to be a three-layer film formed on the surface of a fiber. As shown in fig. 6, an electron micrograph of the gradual modification treatment of the fibers constituting the yarn is shown, wherein the fibers are exemplified by fibrilia, a is an original untreated fiber, b is a PDA/PEI treated fiber, c is a PDA/PEI and MXene treated fiber, and d is a PDA/PEI, MXene and PDA/PEI treated fiber. The first layer of film is a film formed by PDA/PEI, a hydrophilic cation modified film is formed on the surface of the fiber, and meanwhile, in order to better combine MXene on the surface of the fiber, the second layer of MXene is a photo-thermal conversion function and absorbs sunlight to convert into heat. The third layer of Polydopamine (PDA)/Polyethyleneimine (PEI) formed film is used for protecting the MXene and preventing the MXene from falling off or oxidizing; in addition, the water-guiding agent has the function of hydrophilic water guiding.
The preparation method of the solar interface evaporator comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a heat-insulating supporting plate and a cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component:
(1) Selecting a plate body made of a material which has heat insulation performance and can float on the water surface for standby;
(2) Cutting the plate body according to actual needs to obtain a heat-insulating supporting plate for later use;
(3) Selecting a plurality of strands of fibers to twist to form a yarn 7;
(4) Sequentially fixing a plurality of yarns 7 on the heat insulation supporting plate 1 according to a certain interval distance, and penetrating through the heat insulation supporting plate 1 to extend downwards to form a water guide end 5;
(5) Adjusting the lengths of the yarn strips 7 above and below the heat-insulating support plate 1 and the gaps between the adjacent yarn strips to obtain a three-dimensional fabric consisting of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component 4 and the heat-insulating support plate 1;
2. hydrophilic and cationic modification:
(1) Washing the three-dimensional fabric with ethanol, removing impurities on the surface of the fabric, washing with distilled water and drying;
(2) Dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in a tris buffer solution, uniformly mixing, reacting for 24 hours at room temperature, and then soaking the three-dimensional fabric;
(3) Repeatedly cleaning polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitate on the surface of the fabric through deionized water;
(4) Drying the washed three-dimensional fabric by using a blast drying oven at a drying temperature of 60 ℃ for 2 hours to achieve complete drying;
(5) Obtaining the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric with the surface modified by dopamine/polyethyleneimine and the cationic characteristic;
3. and (3) carrying out deposition modification treatment on the photo-thermal conversion layer:
and (3) depositing a photo-thermal conversion material on the surface of the finally obtained hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photo-thermal conversion material.
In this embodiment, the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the photothermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment includes the following steps:
1. preparation of MXene solution:
(1) 2.5g of MAX phase precursor Ti 3 C 2 T x Slowly adding the powder into 50ml of mixed solution formed by 3.0g of LiF and 9mol/L of HCl, and stirring at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker for reaction to obtain a reaction solution;
(2) Centrifuging the reaction solution with deionized water for a plurality of times until the pH value of the supernatant is 6;
(3) Dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment, and centrifuging again to obtain supernatant to obtain MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid with the volume percentage concentration of 2 mg/ml;
2. MXene modification of hydrophilic three-dimensional fabrics:
and (3) depositing the MXene nano-sheets in the MXene nano-sheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in the step (5) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photo-thermal conversion material, wherein the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or an impregnation method, and the MXene content accounts for 1wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.
The weight ratio of dopamine to polyethyleneimine is 2:1, the concentration is 0.5mg/mL, the pH of the tris buffer solution is 8.5, and the mass fraction is 0.5%. The particle size of MAX is 200 meshes, the temperature is 25 ℃, the reaction time is 12 hours, the centrifugation speed is 1500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nano-sheet dispersion liquid is 0.5mg/mL. The photo-thermal conversion material can also be graphene or carbon nano tube, and can be realized according to the deposition methods of different photo-thermal conversion materials.
In order to further improve the water guide performance, the hydrophilic modified membrane and the membrane formed by MXene are protected, the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material is subjected to anti-oxidation treatment, the finally obtained vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric is immersed in a tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane buffer solution containing dopamine and polyethyleneimine, a dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is formed on the surface of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, and the thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is 1.5 mu m.
The excellent salt rejection performance of the present invention is attributed to the vertically aligned pores formed by the hydrophilic yarn framework, which are filled with seawater due to the wicking effect, and the salt solution is always transported from the surface of the high salt concentration yarn to the low salt concentration brine along the shortest path by diffusion and convection. And the water flow speed of the vertical pores among the yarns is higher than that of the pore canals of the small-aperture fibers, resulting in faster salt exchange of the aqueous solution in the evaporator array and thus excellent salt tolerance. The invention only uses solar energy as driving energy, does not need to consume other energy sources, simultaneously avoids the problem that the conventional interface evaporator needs to be maintained and replaced regularly, has the characteristics of portability, low price, high water evaporation efficiency and the like, and can be stably applied to sea water desalination, sewage treatment and outdoor drinking water purification for a long time.
As shown in fig. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, the photo-thermal conversion material is exemplified by MXene and the fiber is exemplified by fibrilia, and the test performance of the three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator of the present invention is as follows:
1. wettability test
Contact angle test in air against water: the produced MXene modified hemp yarn was placed horizontally on a contact angle measuring instrument, and 5. Mu.L of water was taken for measurement. The contact angle test and the wetting process test of the MXene modified hemp yarn-based photothermal conversion material to water are shown in figure 3. The evaporator is super-hydrophilic to water, and the whole infiltration process of water drops on the surface of the evaporator is only 1 second.
2. Light absorption Performance test
The MXene modified three-dimensional fabric-based photothermal conversion material is cut into a size with a length and width of 2cm x 1cm, and a UV-vis-NIR ultraviolet spectrometer is used for testing the light absorption performance with a wavelength in the range of 280-2500 nm. The test results are shown in fig. 4. The absorbance of the MXene-modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric (PDA/PEI-MXene-PDA/PEI) in wet state is close to 97.5%, and the fabric shows excellent light absorptivity.
3. And (3) heat conduction performance test:
MXene modified vertical array stereofabric evaporator (3X 3 cm) was placed on a hot plate at 85℃for 2.5h. The change of the surface temperature is monitored in real time by an infrared thermal imager. The test results are shown in FIG. 5, in which the temperature difference of 55℃is shown between the opposite surfaces, the temperature of the upper surface of the polystyrene foam is maintained at about 46℃and the temperature of the upper surface of the evaporator is fixed at about 30℃to demonstrate the good heat insulation effect of the evaporator.
4. Thermal positioning performance test
The MXene modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator is placed in a beaker, an illumination experiment is carried out by simulating a solar light source by using a xenon lamp, and the temperature change of the evaporating surface is monitored in real time by using a thermal infrared imager. The test results are shown in fig. 6: when 1 solar incident light was irradiated to the surface of the three-dimensional fabric floating on the water, the temperature of the top surface was increased from 24 ℃ to 33.9 ℃, in comparison to the temperature of the bulk water remained unchanged for 40 minutes.
5. Evaporation performance test
MXene modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporators (the yarn gaps are respectively defined as PP/M/PP-H-D1, PP/M/PP-H-D2, PP/M/PP-H-D3 and PP/M/PP-H-D4 from large to small) are placed in a beaker filled with seawater, an illumination experiment is carried out by using a simulated solar light source, and the evaporation mass change of a water body is monitored in real time by using an electronic balance. The test results are shown in FIG. 7, in which the evaporation rate showed a trend of increasing and decreasing with decreasing macropores between yarns under 1 sunlight irradiation without air convection, wherein PP/M/PP-H-D2 had a maximum evaporation rate of 3.10 kg.m -2 ·h -1 . As the height of the evaporator increases, the evaporation rate of water continuously increases, and the evaporation rate of the evaporator with the height of 8cm is as high as 3.95 kg.m -2 ·h -1 。
6. Antibacterial pollution test:
coli and staphylococcus aureus were used to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the MXene modified vertical array stereofabric, respectively. As shown in fig. 8, cotton did not exhibit antibacterial activity. However, the antibacterial efficacy of the fibrilia and PDA/PEI modified fibrilia against e.coli was 49.3% and 53.2%, respectively, and 44.5% and 49.2% against s. The antibacterial efficiency of the MXene modified fibrilia on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus reaches 99.9 percent, which shows that the fibrilia has excellent antibacterial performance.
7. Oil stain resistance performance test:
the MXene modified vertical array stereoscopic fabric evaporator was placed in water and n-hexane dyed with methyl red was rapidly sprayed onto the fiber surface, as shown in fig. 9, and n-hexane immediately escaped from the fiber surface without leaving any oil droplets, demonstrating excellent oil contamination resistance of the MXene modified vertical array stereoscopic fabric evaporator. The water evaporation performance of the evaporator in the soybean oil, diesel oil and engine oil water emulsion is tested, and the water evaporation amount is linearly changed along with time and is almost equivalent to the evaporation rate of pure water.
8. Salt contamination resistance test:
the MXene-modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator was floated in 14wt% nacl solution and subjected to an evaporation test for 120 hours continuously under one sunlight irradiation, as shown in fig. 10, no precipitated salt crystals were observed on the evaporator surface, and the evaporator surface temperature was always kept stable. This unique structure promotes convection and diffusion, and even in 14% brine, the surface is free of any salt crystals upon exposure to 1 sun for 120 hours, exhibiting excellent salt tolerance. Meanwhile, the core-shell structure formed on the surface of the photo-thermal material by the PDA/PE ensures the stability and durability of the photo-thermal conversion material, and is beneficial to promoting the large-scale practical application of the solar evaporator. The design of the vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator provides a new idea for developing a sustainable, durable and expandable solar energy evaporation system.
Example 2:
the same parts as those of embodiment 1 are not repeated, and the difference is that:
the yarn 7 had a linear density of 150tex, a diameter of 4mm, a gap between adjacent yarns of 25mm and a height of 8cm. The thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine coating is 2 μm.
2. Hydrophilic and cationic modification:
(1) Washing the three-dimensional fabric with ethanol, removing impurities on the surface of the fabric, washing with distilled water and drying;
(2) Dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in a tris buffer solution, uniformly mixing, reacting for 24 hours at room temperature, and then soaking the three-dimensional fabric;
(3) Repeatedly cleaning polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitate on the surface of the fabric through deionized water;
(4) Drying the washed three-dimensional fabric by using a blast drying oven at the drying temperature of 80 ℃ for 3.5 hours to achieve complete drying;
in this embodiment, the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the photothermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment includes the following steps:
1. preparation of MXene solution:
(1) 2.5g of MAX phase precursor Ti 3 C 2 T x Slowly adding the powder into 50ml of mixed solution formed by 3.0g of LiF and 9mol/L of HCl, and stirring at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker for reaction to obtain a reaction solution;
(2) Centrifuging the reaction solution with deionized water for a plurality of times until the pH value of the supernatant is 6.5;
(3) Dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment, and centrifuging again to obtain supernatant to obtain MXene nano-sheet dispersion liquid with the volume percentage concentration of 8 mg/ml;
2. MXene modification of hydrophilic three-dimensional fabrics:
and (3) depositing the MXene nano-sheets in the MXene nano-sheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in the step (5) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photo-thermal conversion material, wherein the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or an impregnation method, and the MXene content accounts for 10wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.
The weight ratio of the dopamine to the polyethyleneimine is 1:1, the concentration is 1.5mg/mL, the pH of the tris buffer solution is 8.5, and the mass fraction is 1%. The particle size of MAX is 350 meshes, the temperature is 37 ℃, the reaction time is 21 hours, the centrifugal speed is 3500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nano-sheet dispersion liquid is 10mg/mL.
Example 3:
the same parts as those of the embodiment 1-2 are not repeated, and the difference is that:
the yarn 7 had a linear density of 300tex, a diameter of 8mm, a gap between adjacent yarns of 50mm and a height of 15cm. The thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine coating is 2.5 μm.
2. Hydrophilic and cationic modification:
(1) Washing the three-dimensional fabric with ethanol, removing impurities on the surface of the fabric, washing with distilled water and drying;
(2) Dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in a tris buffer solution, uniformly mixing, reacting for 24 hours at room temperature, and then soaking the three-dimensional fabric;
(3) Repeatedly cleaning polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitate on the surface of the fabric through deionized water;
(4) Drying the washed three-dimensional fabric by using a blast drying oven at a drying temperature of 100 ℃ for 5 hours to achieve complete drying;
in this embodiment, the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the photothermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment includes the following steps:
1. preparation of MXene solution:
(1) 2.5g of MAX phase precursor Ti 3 C 2 T x Slowly adding the powder into 50ml of mixed solution formed by 3.0g of LiF and 9mol/L of HCl, and stirring at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker for reaction to obtain a reaction solution;
(2) Centrifuging the reaction solution with deionized water for a plurality of times until the pH value of the supernatant is 7;
(3) Dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment, and centrifuging again to obtain supernatant to obtain MXene nano-sheet dispersion liquid with the volume percentage concentration of 15 mg/ml;
2. MXene modification of hydrophilic three-dimensional fabrics:
and (3) depositing the MXene nano-sheets in the MXene nano-sheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in the step (5) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photo-thermal conversion material, wherein the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or an impregnation method, and the MXene content accounts for 20wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.
The weight ratio of the dopamine to the polyethyleneimine is 1:2, the concentration is 3mg/mL, the pH of the tris buffer solution is 8.5, and the mass fraction is 1.5%. The particle size of MAX is 600 meshes, the temperature is 45 ℃, the reaction time is 30 hours, the centrifugal speed is 8500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nano-sheet dispersion liquid is 20mg/mL.
Example 4:
the same parts as those of embodiments 1 to 3 are not repeated, and the difference is that:
as shown in fig. 15, the present embodiment provides another form of cylindrical solid evaporation member. The cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component 4 is a cluster-shaped fiber bundle formed by binding a plurality of single fibers 8, the plurality of single fibers 8 form a fiber bundle, limiting strips 9 used for limiting the overall shape of the fiber bundle are sequentially and transversely bound from the upper surface 3 of the heat insulation supporting plate 1 to the top of the single fibers 8 along the length direction of the plurality of single fibers 8, and the cluster-shaped fiber bundle is in annular array, rectangular array or irregularly distributed on the heat insulation supporting plate 1. The specific preparation process is as follows: the fiber bundle is formed by a plurality of single fibers 8, then the fiber bundle is bound through the limiting strips 9 at one time, a large number of gaps 10 exist among the plurality of single fibers 8 forming the fiber bundle, the specific surface area of the plurality of single fibers 8 is huge, the structure greatly increases the effective evaporation area, the number of the single fibers 8 is set according to the actual evaporation efficiency and the environmental condition, the fiber bundle is ensured to be soft, and the tightness degree determines the gaps among the single fibers 8, so the binding tightness degree can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual needs. According to the specific clearance requirement between the cluster fiber bundles, a plurality of fixing holes are punched on the heat insulation supporting plate 1, the fiber bundles are sequentially fixed on the fixing holes of the heat insulation supporting plate 1, the fiber bundles penetrate into the heat insulation supporting plate 1 and are positioned below the heat insulation supporting plate 1 to form a water guide end 5, and after the fixing is finished, the fiber bundles on the heat insulation supporting plate 1 are cut according to the height requirement. The thermally insulated support plate 1 floats on the water surface 11, transferring moisture from the bottom to the top of the filaments 8. The vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric with adjustable cluster fiber bundle size and pore is formed by firmly weaving yarns on the heat insulation supporting plate 1 by adopting a simple and effective sewing method.
Example 5:
the same parts as those of embodiments 1 to 4 are not repeated, and the difference is that:
as shown in fig. 16, in order to more rapidly spread out a large amount of steam stagnating inside the pores, further increase the evaporation rate, make the evaporator adapt to various complicated environments such as humidity, temperature, etc., a supporting ventilation member 12 for enhancing the steam diffusion efficiency extending from a water guiding end 5 through a heat insulation supporting plate 1 toward the top end direction of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation member 4 is provided in the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation member 4, the supporting ventilation member 12 comprises a cylinder 14 having a steam diffusion channel 13, and a plurality of steam guiding holes 15 for rapidly diffusing steam are provided on the cylinder wall of the cylinder 14 along the axial direction of the cylinder 14. The cylinder 14 is arranged at the center of the yarn 7 or the cluster fiber bundle, and also plays a role in stabilizing the upright shape of the cylindrical solid evaporation member 4.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an intelligent solar energy interface evaporation formula sea water desalination continuous collection equipment, includes the sealed cowling that a curb plate and roof are constituteed by transparent material are made, be equipped with the sea water holding tank that holds the sea water in the sealed cowling, one locate the solar energy interface evaporator that can float in sea water surface in the sea water holding tank, one be used for evaporating the condensation part that forms the vapor back condensation into the liquid drop in succession with sea water to and one be used for carrying out continuous collection's to the liquid drop aqua storage tank, its characterized in that: the condensing part is a condensing plate arranged on the top plate, the condensing plate is downwards inclined from one end of the solar interface evaporator to the direction of the water storage tank and is arranged above the water storage tank, the condensing plate is provided with a water supply cavity for continuously supplying seawater to be evaporated to the seawater containing tank and a water inlet end for supplying seawater to the water supply cavity, the water supply cavity is communicated with the seawater containing tank through a water supply pipeline, the condensing plate is provided with a thermoelectric generation device which is connected with the water supply cavity and is used for preheating the seawater to be evaporated by utilizing heat released by condensing steam and generating electricity by utilizing temperature difference, the solar interface evaporator comprises a heat insulation supporting plate which is used for floating on the surface of the seawater, the heat insulation supporting plate is provided with a lower surface in contact with the surface of seawater and an upper surface which is arranged corresponding to the lower surface, the upper surface of the heat insulation supporting plate is vertically extended upwards to be provided with a plurality of cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components with large specific surface area and a porous or multi-gap structure for continuously evaporating the seawater, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components downwards penetrate through the lower surface of the heat insulation supporting plate and extend below the surface of the seawater to form a water guide end for conveying the seawater to the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components, a plurality of diversion channels for rapidly diffusing the steam are formed between the adjacent cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components, and hydrophilic modification and photo-thermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment are carried out on the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components; the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is a yarn strip formed by twisting a plurality of strands of fibers, and the yarn strip is distributed on the heat insulation supporting plate in an annular array, a rectangular array or irregularly; the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is internally provided with a supporting ventilation component which extends from a water guide end to the top end direction of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component and is used for enhancing steam diffusion efficiency, the supporting ventilation component comprises a cylinder body with a steam diffusion channel, and a plurality of steam guide holes for rapidly diffusing steam are formed in the cylinder wall of the cylinder body along the axis direction of the cylinder body.
2. The intelligent solar interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is a cluster fiber bundle formed by binding a plurality of single fibers, and the cluster fiber bundle is distributed on the heat insulation supporting plate in a ring-shaped array, a rectangular array or irregularly.
3. The intelligent solar interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the linear density of the yarn strips is 10-300tex, the diameter is 0.5-8mm, the gap between adjacent yarn strips is 0.1-50mm, and the height is 0.1cm-15cm.
4. An intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the preparation method of the solar interface evaporator comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a heat-insulating supporting plate and a cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component:
(1) Selecting a plate body made of a material which has heat insulation performance and can float on the water surface for standby;
(2) Cutting the plate body according to actual needs to obtain a heat-insulating supporting plate for later use;
(3) Twisting multiple strands of fibers to form yarn strips or binding a plurality of single fibers to form cluster fiber bundles;
(4) Sequentially fixing a plurality of yarn strips or cluster structures on the heat insulation supporting plate according to a certain interval distance, and penetrating through the heat insulation supporting plate to extend downwards;
(5) Adjusting the lengths of yarn strips or cluster-shaped fiber bundles above and below the heat-insulating support plate and gaps between adjacent yarn strips or cluster-shaped fiber bundles to obtain a three-dimensional fabric consisting of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component and the heat-insulating support plate;
2. hydrophilic and cationic modification:
(1) Washing the three-dimensional fabric with ethanol, removing impurities on the surface of the fabric, washing with distilled water and drying;
(2) Dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in a tris buffer solution, uniformly mixing, reacting for 24 hours at room temperature, and then soaking the three-dimensional fabric;
(3) Repeatedly cleaning polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitate on the surface of the fabric through deionized water;
(4) Drying the washed three-dimensional fabric by using a blast drying oven at the drying temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 2-5 hours to achieve complete drying;
(5) Obtaining the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric with the surface modified by dopamine/polyethyleneimine and the cationic characteristic;
3. and (3) carrying out deposition modification treatment on the photo-thermal conversion layer:
And (3) depositing a photo-thermal conversion material on the surface of the finally obtained hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photo-thermal conversion material.
5. The intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the light-heat conversion material is MXene, and the light-heat conversion layer deposition modification treatment comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of MXene solution:
(1) 2.5g of MAX phase precursor Ti 3 C 2 T x Powder, slowly adding into a 50ml mixed solution formed by 3.0g LiF and 9mol/L HCl, stirring at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker for reaction to obtain a reaction solution；
(2) Centrifuging the reaction solution with deionized water for a plurality of times until the pH value of the supernatant is 6-7;
(3) Dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment, and centrifuging again to obtain supernatant to obtain MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid with the volume percentage concentration of 0.5-20 mg/ml;
2. MXene modification of hydrophilic three-dimensional fabrics:
and (3) depositing the MXene nano-sheets in the MXene nano-sheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in the step (5) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photo-thermal conversion material, wherein the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or an impregnation method, and the MXene content accounts for 1-20wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.
6. The intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: and performing anti-oxidation treatment on the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photo-thermal conversion material, immersing the finally obtained vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric in a tris buffer solution containing dopamine and polyethyleneimine, and forming a dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer on the surface of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, wherein the thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is 1.5-2.5 mu m.
7. The intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the weight ratio of the dopamine to the polyethyleneimine is 2:1-1:2, the concentration is 0.5-3mg/mL, the pH of the tris buffer solution is 8.5, and the mass fraction is 0.5-1.5%.
8. The intelligent solar energy interface evaporation type continuous sea water desalination collection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the particle size of MAX is 200-600 meshes, the temperature is 25-45 ℃, the reaction time is 12-30h, the centrifugal speed is 1500-8500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nano-sheet dispersion liquid is 10mg/mL.
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