CN111874887A - Three-dimensional structure photo-thermal conversion material for water treatment - Google Patents
Three-dimensional structure photo-thermal conversion material for water treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111874887A CN111874887A CN202010754532.XA CN202010754532A CN111874887A CN 111874887 A CN111874887 A CN 111874887A CN 202010754532 A CN202010754532 A CN 202010754532A CN 111874887 A CN111874887 A CN 111874887A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- C02F2101/206—Manganese or manganese compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/308—Dyes; Colorants; Fluorescent agents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Abstract
The invention provides a three-dimensional structure photothermal conversion material for water treatment and a preparation method thereof. The water candle, the cattail or the small cattail are carbonized to obtain a cylindrical carbon material with a complete structure, and due to the unique three-dimensional porous structure and the excellent hydrophilicity, the contact area with sunlight is increased, and the capture and absorption of light are enhanced; and a rapid water transmission channel is provided, so that the three-dimensional device shows a good light and hot water evaporation effect. The carbonized water candle, the cattail or the small cattail are placed in different water sources (seawater, acid wastewater, alkaline wastewater, heavy metal ion wastewater and dye wastewater), absorbed light energy can be converted into heat energy under the irradiation of sunlight, then different water sources are evaporated, clean water is obtained through condensation and collection, and the purpose of water treatment is achieved. The invention has wide source of raw materials, low cost, environmental protection and no pollution; the obtained integrated three-dimensional structure biomass carbon device has stable property and can be recycled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a preparation method of a three-dimensional structure photo-thermal conversion material of carbonized biomass and application of the material in water treatment.
Background
In recent years, the discharge of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater causes serious water pollution problem, so that fresh water resources in China are increasingly lacked. The seawater resource is rich in China, the seawater desalination becomes an effective way for solving the shortage of fresh water resource, and simultaneously, the domestic sewage and the industrial wastewater are purified, so that the aim of relieving the shortage of water resource can be achieved. Solar energy is an ideal energy supplier as an inexhaustible renewable and clean resource. The emerging interface solar energy steam generation technology utilizes a photo-thermal conversion material to convert absorbed light energy into heat energy, so that the water temperature of the interface is increased and the interface is evaporated, the loss of heat to a water body is reduced, and the photo-thermal conversion efficiency and the water evaporation rate are improved. A general photothermal conversion material has a two-dimensional structure, only the surface of the photothermal conversion material absorbs sunlight, and when the surface temperature of the photothermal conversion material is higher than the ambient temperature, the photothermal conversion material exchanges heat with the environment, so that the ambient temperature is increased, and heat loss is caused. In order to further improve the photothermal conversion efficiency and the water evaporation rate, the photothermal conversion material having a three-dimensional structure has been the focus of research. Under illumination, the surface temperature of the three-dimensional structure photothermal conversion material is higher than the ambient temperature, and the side temperature is lower than the ambient temperature, so that the photothermal material can absorb heat from the environment, and the utilization of energy is greatly improved. The water candle, the cattail or the small cattail belong to aquatic perennial plants and mostly grow in the water side or the pool. The precursor of the photothermal conversion material has the characteristics of wide source, low price, environmental friendliness and the like; the water purifying agent has a good absorption effect on pollutants discharged from a water system, and has a water purifying effect on pollutants such as heavy metal ions and organic dyes in agriculture and industrial production. The integrated photothermal conversion material with the three-dimensional structure is obtained by carbonizing the water candle, the cattail or the small cattail, has stable chemical properties, can stably exist in both acidic and alkaline environments, and has wide application prospect in the field of water treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a carbonized biomass-based three-dimensional structure photothermal conversion material and application of the material in water treatment. According to the invention, biomass carbon with different sizes is placed in different water sources (seawater, acidic wastewater, alkaline wastewater, heavy metal ion wastewater and dye wastewater), and absorbed light energy can be converted into heat energy under the irradiation of sunlight, so that different water sources are evaporated, and clean water is obtained by condensation and collection, thereby achieving the purpose of water treatment. The invention has wide source of raw materials, low cost, environmental protection and no pollution; the prepared three-dimensional porous carbon material has stable property and can be recycled.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
(1) preparation method of biomass charcoal photothermal conversion material based on three-dimensional structure
Taking biomass with complete structure, placing the biomass in a high-temperature furnace in N2Under the protection of atmosphere, the three-dimensional structure photothermal conversion material is obtained by a direct carbonization method.
Preferably, the candle, cattail or typha with complete structure has the length of 1-30 cm and the diameter of 1-4 cm.
Preferably, the three-dimensional structure photothermal conversion material obtained by the direct carbonization method can be carbonized in two or three stages according to the carbonization temperature. The first stage is to heat up to 200 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 1-2 h, the second stage is to heat up to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 1-4h, the third stage is to heat up to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 1-4 h.
Preferably, in N2Carbonizing under the protection of an atmosphere, N2The flow rate is 20-250 mL/min.
Preferably, the biomass charcoal material has excellent water absorption, and the mass of the carbonized biomass after water absorption is 3-6 times of that before water absorption.
(2) Water treatment process
The biomass charcoal materials with three-dimensional structures of different sizes are placed in containers containing different water sources and are fixed by heat insulation foam, so that one part of the biomass charcoal materials is in a solution, and the other part of the biomass charcoal materials is exposed in the environment. And turning on a light source, carrying out a water evaporation test, and collecting the evaporated water.
Preferably, the different water sources are seawater, acidic wastewater, alkaline wastewater, heavy metal ion wastewater and dye wastewater.
Preferably, a part of the biomass charcoal with the three-dimensional structure is in the solution, a part of the biomass charcoal is exposed in the environment, and the height of the exposed biomass charcoal in the environment is adjustable and ranges from 0cm to 30 cm.
Detailed Description
Example one
The typha minima with complete structure is placed in a high-temperature furnace, and a two-section carbonization process is adopted. N at 150 mL/min2Under the protection of atmosphere, firstly heating to 100 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 h, then heating to 450 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, and taking out after cooling to obtain the carbonized typha minima with the three-dimensional structure. Placing carbonized Typha angustifolia with diameter of 1.2 cm and length of 1 cm in waste water containing heavy metal ions (such as Pb)2+、Zn2+、Cu2+、Ni2+、Ba2+、Mn2+) And was fixed in the beaker with insulating foam, with a height of 0cm exposed to the environment. The simulated sunlight is turned on, and the power density is adjusted to be 1.3 kW/m2The water evaporation rate of the test was 1.65 kg · m-2·h-1And detecting the ion concentration of the collected condensed water, wherein the result shows that the concentration of the heavy metal ions in the collected condensed water is lower than the concentration of each ion in the drinking water regulated by the state.
Example two
The water candle with the complete structure is placed in a high-temperature furnace, and a two-section carbonization process is adopted. N at 100 mL/min2Under the protection of atmosphere, firstly heating to 200 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and keepingAnd (3) heating for 1 h, heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2 h, and taking out after cooling to obtain the carbonized water candle with the three-dimensional structure. A carbonized water candle of 3 cm in diameter and 15 cm in height was taken and placed in a beaker containing seawater and fixed in the beaker with insulating foam to a bare height of 10cm in the environment. The simulated sunlight is turned on, and the power density is adjusted to be 1 kW/m2The water evaporation rate of the test was 3.93 kg · m-2·h-1The evaporation rate of the photo-thermal water is unchanged after the device is cycled for 20 times. The collected condensed water is subjected to ion concentration detection, and the result shows that K is contained in the collected condensed water+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+The ion concentration of (A) is lower than the ion concentration of each ion in drinking water regulated by the state.
Example three
The water candle with the complete structure is placed in a high-temperature furnace, and a three-section carbonization process is adopted. N at 200 mL/min2Under the protection of atmosphere, firstly heating to 100 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1 h, then heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 h, finally heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 h, and taking out after cooling to obtain the carbonized water candle with the three-dimensional structure. A2 cm diameter and 10cm high carbonized water candle was taken and placed in a beaker containing acidic (1 mol/LHCl) waste water and held in the beaker with insulating foam to a bare ambient height of 5 cm. The simulated sunlight is turned on, and the power density is adjusted to be 0.6 kW/m2The water evaporation rate of the test was 2.12 kg · m-2·h-1The condensed water to be collected was tested by a pH meter, and its pH value was 6.8, close to neutral.
Example four
The cattail with a complete structure is placed in a high-temperature furnace, and a two-section carbonization process is adopted. N at 20 mL/min2Under the protection of atmosphere, firstly heating to 100 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1 h, then heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, and taking out after cooling to obtain the carbonized typha with the three-dimensional structure. Taking carbon with diameter of 2 cm and height of 10cmTypha was digested and placed in a beaker containing alkaline (1 mol/L NaOH) wastewater and fixed in the beaker with insulating foam to a bare environmental height of 5 cm. The simulated sunlight is turned on, and the power density is adjusted to be 0.6 kW/m2The water evaporation rate of the test was 2.16 kg · m-2·h-1The condensed water to be collected was tested by a pH meter, and its pH value was 7.5, close to neutral.
Example five
The water candle with the complete structure is placed in a high-temperature furnace, and a three-section carbonization process is adopted. N at 50 mL/min2Under the protection of atmosphere, firstly heating to 100 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1 h, then heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 h, finally heating to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 h, and taking out after cooling to obtain the carbonized water candle with the three-dimensional structure. Taking a carbonized water candle with diameter of 1.6 cm and height of 10cm, and placing it in a container containing heavy metal ions (such as Pb)2+、Zn2+、Cu2+、Ni2+、Ba2+、Mn2+) A beaker of waste water and fixed in the beaker with insulating foam, leaving a height of 5 cm exposed to the environment. The simulated sunlight is turned on, and the power density is adjusted to be 1.3 kW/m2The water evaporation rate of the test was 3.05 kg · m-2·h-1And detecting the ion concentration of the collected condensed water, wherein the result shows that the concentration of the heavy metal ions in the collected condensed water is lower than the concentration of each ion in the drinking water regulated by the state.
Example six
The water candle with the complete structure is placed in a high-temperature furnace, and a three-section carbonization process is adopted. N at 100 mL/min2Under the protection of atmosphere, firstly heating to 100 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1 h, then heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 h, finally heating to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 h, and taking out after cooling to obtain the carbonized water candle with the three-dimensional structure. A2.4 cm diameter and 17 cm high carbonized material was placed in a beaker containing a dye (e.g.methylene blue) waste water,and was held in a beaker with insulating foam to a bare ambient height of 10 cm. The simulated sunlight is turned on, and the power density is adjusted to be 1 kW/m2The water evaporation rate of the test was 4.01 kg · m-2·h-1The collected water is colorless and transparent, and an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer test is carried out on the collected water, and the result shows that the absorbance is close to 0.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments
Variations can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An integrated photothermal conversion material, characterized in that: the biomass charcoal material has a three-dimensional porous structure, and the biomass can be one of water candle, cattail or typha minima.
2. A preparation method of a photothermal conversion material based on a three-dimensional structure and an application of the photothermal conversion material in water treatment comprise the following steps:
(1) selecting water candles, cattails or small cattails with different sizes, wherein the structure is complete and the surface is not cracked;
(2) placing the three-dimensional structure in a high-temperature furnace, and preparing a three-dimensional structure photo-thermal conversion material by adopting a direct carbonization method;
(3) and (3) placing the carbonized three-dimensional structure in different water sources, turning on the light source, carrying out water evaporation test, and condensing and collecting distilled water vapor.
3. The method for selecting different sizes of water candles, cattails or typha as claimed in claim 2, wherein the biomass has a length of 1-30 cm and a diameter of 1-4 cm.
4. The photothermal conversion material having a three-dimensional structure obtained by the carbonization method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the carbonization process is divided into two or three stages according to the carbonization temperatureSection (2): the first stage is to heat up to 200 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 1-2 h, the second stage is to heat up to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 1-4h, the third stage is to heat up to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 1-4 h; n of 20-250 mL/min in the whole carbonization process2Under the protection of gas.
5. Carbonized biomass as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the carbonized three-dimensional structure has excellent water absorption and the mass after water absorption of the carbonized biomass is 3-6 times as large as that before water absorption.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the carbonized biomass is placed in a container filled with seawater, acidic wastewater, alkaline wastewater, heavy metal ion wastewater and dye wastewater, and the carbonized biomass is fixed in the container with an insulating foam such that a portion of the carbonized biomass is in solution and a portion of the carbonized biomass is exposed to the environment; the height of the carbonized biomass exposed in the environment is adjustable between 0 and 30 cm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113173571A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-07-27 | 合肥工业大学 | Photothermal conversion material based on re-force flower rod, preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN113173571A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-07-27 | 合肥工业大学 | Photothermal conversion material based on re-force flower rod, preparation method and application thereof |
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