CN112403806A - 一种制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置及其方法 - Google Patents

一种制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置及其方法 Download PDF

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CN112403806A
CN112403806A CN201910769329.7A CN201910769329A CN112403806A CN 112403806 A CN112403806 A CN 112403806A CN 201910769329 A CN201910769329 A CN 201910769329A CN 112403806 A CN112403806 A CN 112403806A
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roller
lithium
micro
substrate
winding
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李文俊
李永伟
侯宝鹏
何亚菲
李超
俞会根
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Beijing WeLion New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Beijing WeLion New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN201910769329.7A priority Critical patent/CN112403806A/zh
Priority to KR1020227009099A priority patent/KR102644486B1/ko
Priority to US17/637,266 priority patent/US20220280966A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/109438 priority patent/WO2021032035A1/zh
Priority to EP20854773.7A priority patent/EP4019149A4/en
Priority to JP2022511371A priority patent/JP7338042B2/ja
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置及其方法，属于锂金属材料制备技术领域。该制备装置包括锂液熔箱、微凹辊、放卷装置、基材背辊、热压装置和收卷装置；微凹辊的下部浸入锂液熔箱中的锂液中；微凹辊的一侧上设置有热刮刀，热刮刀的端部与微凹辊的辊面相接触；基材背辊设置在微凹辊的斜上方；放卷装置设置在基材背辊的一侧上，所述收卷装置设置在基材背辊的上方，热压装置设置在基材背辊与收卷装置之间，放卷装置上的基材经过基材背辊和热压装置后缠绕于收卷装置上。本发明结构简单、设计合理，有效提高了涂布的均匀性，能够实现自动化生产厚度为1‑50um的超薄金属锂带，大大提高了工作效率和产品质量。

Description

一种制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置及其方法
技术领域
本发明涉及锂金属材料制备技术领域，具体涉及一种制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置及其方法。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车和航空无人机的快速发展，金属锂作为高能量密度材料随之应运而生。目前金属锂作为负极材料与正极材料相匹配时，由于锂含量较高而不能提高锂电池的能量密度，因此超薄锂负极已成为提高其能量密度的趋势。
目前批量生产的锂带宽幅较小，工艺过程较为复杂且厚度较厚基本都在50um以上，且表面厚度均匀性较差。天津中能已将锂带的有效厚度做到10-20um，但是在锂带生产过程中需要加入表面润滑剂进行辅助，这样得到的金属锂带表面附有一层薄膜，润滑剂价格昂贵且影响金属锂的性能，故不能达到超薄金属锂的工业要求和使用性能。现有技术中还有一些工艺是利用将锂锭熔融后通过延流法或浸镀法或蒸镀法之后再进行辊压得到超薄锂带，类似方法在操作过程中控制复杂且对操作要求较高最后的辊压工艺基本和传统金属锂带的生产无差别创新型性较差。另有工艺是将锂熔融后通过氩气或挤压装置将熔融锂挤压喷涂到基材通过控制挤压速度和基材移动速度来得到超薄金属锂带，这种方法对挤压速度和基材移动速度向匹配的调试要求较高，调试困难且成本较高；另外有利用将金属锂制成粉末进行喷涂，由于锂的活动性较强，其粉末状态很容易反应而发生***，危险性较高，因此工业化生产可能性较低。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置及其方法，该凹版涂布装置结构简单、设计合理，有效提高了涂布的均匀性，能够实现自动化、连续性生产金属锂带，大大提高了工作效率和产品质量，有效解决了现有技术中超薄金属锂带制备难度大、成本高及质量差的问题。
为解决上述问题，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
一种制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置，其包括锂液熔箱、微凹辊、放卷装置、基材背辊、热压装置和收卷装置；所述微凹辊的下部浸入所述锂液熔箱中的锂液中，用于将锂液熔箱中的锂液转移到基材上；所述微凹辊的一侧上设置有用于刮除锂液的热刮刀，所述热刮刀的端部与微凹辊的辊面相接触；所述基材背辊设置在所述微凹辊的斜上方；所述放卷装置设置在所述基材背辊的一侧上，所述收卷装置设置在所述基材背辊的上方，所述热压装置设置在所述基材背辊与收卷装置之间，所述放卷装置上的基材经过所述基材背辊和热压装置后缠绕于所述收卷装置上。
作为本发明优选的实施方式，所述放卷装置包括用于缠绕待处理基材的放卷辊、放卷纠偏器、放卷张力检测辊和第一导辊，所述放卷纠偏器设置于所述放卷张力检测辊和所述放卷辊之间；所述第一导辊设置于所述放卷张力检测辊和所述基材背辊之间；所述放卷辊上的基材依次经过所述放卷纠偏器、放卷张力检测辊、第一导辊、基材背辊和热压装置后缠绕于所述收卷装置上。
作为本发明优选的实施方式，所述收卷装置包括用于缠绕超薄金属锂带的收卷辊、收卷纠偏器、收卷张力检测辊和第二导辊，所述收卷纠偏器设置于所述收卷张力检测辊和所述收卷辊之间；所述第二导辊设置于所述收卷张力检测辊和所述热压装置之间，经过复合得到的超薄金属锂带依次经过所述收卷张力检测辊和收卷纠偏器后缠绕于所述收卷辊上。
作为本发明优选的实施方式，所述热压装置包括热压上辊和热压下辊，所述热压上辊与热压下辊上下平行设置。
作为本发明优选的实施方式，本发明的装置还包括有预整形装置和第三导辊，所述第三导辊和预整形装置依次设置在所述基材背辊与热压装置之间，所述预整形装置包括预整形上辊和预整形下辊，所述预整形上辊与预整形下辊上下平行设置。
作为本发明优选的实施方式，本发明的装置还包括密封工作室和用于向所述密封工作室提供惰性气体的惰性气体供应装置；所述锂液熔箱、微凹辊、放卷装置、基材背辊、收卷装置、热压装置和惰性气体供应装置均设置于所述密封工作室内。其中，所述惰性气体供应装置供应的惰性气体为氩气。
作为本发明优选的实施方式，所述锂液熔箱、微凹辊和热刮刀内均设置有加热装置；所述锂液熔箱、微凹辊和热刮刀均是采用铜制成的，所述锂液熔箱的内表面、所述微凹辊和热刮刀的外表面上均镀有不锈钢薄膜。
作为本发明优选的实施方式，所述基材背辊是采用耐高温橡胶制成的。
本发明还提供了一种制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的方法，其是采用如上所述的凹版涂布装置进行制备，具体包括以下步骤：
a.将放卷装置上的基材依次穿过基材背辊和热压装置后缠绕在收卷装置上，并使基材张紧；
b.对微凹辊、热刮刀和热压装置预热，在惰性气体下对锂液熔箱内的锂液加热至190～400℃，使其保持熔融状态；
c.启动微凹辊、放卷辊和收卷辊，调整收卷速度，使基材张紧并往收卷辊方向移动，在移动过程中微凹辊上的锂液被均匀地复合至基材的表面上，基材经过热压装置时基材上的锂液被均匀延压在基材表面上，收卷后得到单面覆锂的超薄金属锂带。
作为本发明优选的实施方式，步骤b中微凹辊和热刮刀的加热温度为190～230℃；热压装置的加热温度为100～130℃。
相比现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明所述的制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置及其方法通过利用微凹辊上的凹槽以及调整收放卷速度将熔融状态的锂液转移到基材的表面上，再通过预整形和热压工序从而得到均匀一致、厚度为1～50μm的超薄金属锂带；另外，本发明的凹版涂布装置结构简单、设计合理，有效提高了涂布的均匀性，能够实现自动化、连续性生产大宽幅的超薄金属锂带，与现有技术中的挤压法相比，无需大压力设备对锂锭进行挤压，在生产过程中对设备的硬性功能要求较小，从而使得生产的锂带宽幅不受限制；与现有技术中的浸镀法相比，无需提前熔融大量金属锂液，避免基材因浸没到锂液中使大量锂液聚集而引起起火现象，安全性高，另外无需将基材浸渍在锂液中，有效减少了高温对基材的影响。本发明通过微凹辊将锂液转移至基材上，有效提高了涂布的均匀性，同时大大提高了工作效率和产品质量，有效解决了现有技术中超薄金属锂带生产成本高、工艺过程复杂、锂带表面均匀性差以及生产效率低等问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明图1的A部放大示意图；
附图标号说明：1、放卷辊；2、放卷纠偏器；3、放卷张力检测辊；4、第一导辊；5、微凹辊；6、热刮刀；7、基材背辊；8、第三导辊；9、预整形上辊；10、预整形下辊；11、热压上辊；12、热压下辊；13、第二导辊；14、收卷张力检测辊；15、收卷纠偏器；16、收卷辊；17、锂液熔箱；18、密封工作室；19、锂料辊；20、送料辊；21、第四导辊。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。
参照图1，本发明所述的用于制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置包括用于将金属锂锭熔融的锂液熔箱17、用于将锂液转移至基材表面的微凹辊5、用于供应基材的放卷装置、用于与微凹辊5配合的基材背辊7、用于对基材上的锂液进行延压均匀的热压装置、以及用于对超薄金属锂带收卷的收卷装置。
具体地，锂液熔箱17的内部设置有加热装置，用于对金属锂锭进行熔融。优选地，锂液熔箱17是采用铜制成的，其内表面上镀有不锈钢薄膜，能够有效保证对金属锂液熔融状态的稳定性、热量分布的均匀性以及热传导的瞬时性。参照图2，微凹辊5的辊面上均匀设置有多个与微凹辊5轴向平行设置的凹槽，多个凹槽间隔设置，该凹槽用于容置锂液以便于将锂液转移至基材表面；优选地，凹槽的横截面呈矩形或半圆形。微凹辊5的下部浸入锂液熔箱17中的锂液中，用于将锂液熔箱17中的锂液转移到基材表面上。微凹辊5的一侧上设置有用于刮除微凹辊5表面锂液的热刮刀6，热刮刀6的端部与微凹辊5的辊面相贴合接触，但不相互干涉，以便于将微凹辊5表面多余的锂液全部刮掉。由于微凹辊5和热刮刀6上的锂液量较少，容易导致锂液凝固在微凹辊5和热刮刀6上，微凹辊5和热刮刀6的内部均设置有加热装置，通过对微凹辊5和热刮刀6加热能够使微凹辊5和热刮刀6上的锂液始终保持熔融状态并具有一定的黏性。同样地，微凹辊5和热刮刀6均是采用铜制成的，微凹辊5和热刮刀6的外表面上均镀有不锈钢薄膜，以保证对金属锂液熔融状态的稳定性、热量分布的均匀性以及热传导的瞬时性。基材背辊7设置在微凹辊5的斜上方，在生产时基材背辊7的辊面与微凹辊5的辊面贴合；优选地，基材背辊7是采用耐高温橡胶制成的，以便于生产时微凹辊5能够对基材背辊7产生轻微形变，从而保证微凹辊5上凹槽内的锂液被完全转移到基材表面上。放卷装置设置在基材背辊7的一侧上，收卷装置设置在基材背辊7的上方，热压装置设置在基材背辊7与收卷装置之间，放卷装置上的基材经过基材背辊7和热压装置后缠绕于收卷装置上。由上述方案可见，本发明通过采用微凹辊5上的凹槽将锂液熔箱17中的锂液转移至基材表面，再通过热刮刀6将微凹辊5表面多余的锂液刮除，再通过热压装置对基材上的锂液延压均匀，由此完成超薄金属锂带的制备，工序少、操作简单，能够实现自动化连续性生产，有利于降低生产成本。
更具体地，放卷装置包括用于缠绕待处理基材的放卷辊1、放卷纠偏器2、放卷张力检测辊3和第一导辊4，放卷纠偏器2设置于放卷张力检测辊3和放卷辊1之间；第一导辊4设置于放卷张力检测辊3和基材背辊7之间；放卷辊1上的基材依次经过放卷纠偏器2、放卷张力检测辊3、第一导辊4和基材背辊7后缠绕于收卷装置上。其中，上述基材为与金属锂具有一定亲和性且不与金属锂反应的耐氧化、可重复利用的箔材，包括但不限于不锈钢箔、铜箔、钢箔、铁箔等材料。同样地，收卷装置包括用于缠绕超薄金属锂带的收卷辊16、收卷纠偏器15、收卷张力检测辊14和第二导辊13，收卷纠偏器15设置于收卷张力检测辊14和收卷辊16之间，第二导辊13设置于收卷张力检测辊14和热压装置之间；经过复合得到的超薄金属锂带依次经过热压装置、第二导辊13、收卷张力检测辊14和收卷纠偏器15后缠绕于收卷辊16上。
具体地，热压装置包括热压上辊11和热压下辊12，热压上辊11与热压下辊12上下平行设置，热压上辊11与热压下辊12之间留有间隙，该间隙宽度等于基材厚度与预期涂布厚度之和。热压上辊11和热压下辊12的内部均设置有加热装置，通过对热压上辊11和热压下辊12进行加热，能够有效避免因基材表面的锂液被冷却凝固而导致无法延压均匀，从而保证基材的锂液保持熔融状态并被均匀平整地复合到基材表面上。进一步地，为了避免锂液粘附于热压上辊11和热压下辊12上，可对热压上辊11和热压下辊12的表面进行特殊表面包覆处理，例如可在热压上辊11和热压下辊12的表面镀铜、镀镍、镀氧化铝等，但不仅限于以上几种材料，以保证锂液不会对热压上辊11和热压下辊12造成污染和避免锂料的浪费，有利于降低生产本。
由于在生产过程中微凹辊5会对基材背辊7挤压，这样就容易导致基材背辊7上的基材容易因凹槽的挤压而产生折痕或不平整，为了避免基材的轻微变形对锂带性能产生影响，本发明的装置还包括有对基材进行整形的预整形装置和用于张紧基材的第三导辊8，第三导辊8和预整形装置依次设置在基材背辊7与热压装置之间，通过第三导辊8和预整形装置的配合，可以将轻微变形的基材进行预先整形，使基材保持平整性，以便于后续的热压工序的进行。具体地，预整形装置包括可相对转动的预整形上辊9和预整形下辊10，预整形上辊9与预整形下辊10上下平行设置，预整形上辊9与预整形下辊10之间可供基材穿过。
本发明的制备装置还包括密封工作室18和用于向密封工作室18提供惰性气体的惰性气体供应装置；锂液熔箱17、微凹辊5、放卷装置、基材背辊7、热压装置、预整形装置、收卷装置和惰性气体供应装置均设置于密封工作室18内，以保证锂液不被氧化和保证锂液的安全性。优选地，惰性气体供应装置供应的惰性气体为氩气。本发明还包括有用于向锂液熔箱17输送锂料的送料装置，该送料装置包括依次设置的锂料辊19、两根送料辊20和两根第四导辊21，锂料辊19上的锂料带依次穿过两根送料辊20和两根第四导辊21之间的间隙后伸入锂液熔箱17中，在送料辊20的传动下向锂液熔箱17不断输送锂料带(也可以是锂棒)。
上述制备装置的工作过程如下：首先将基材分别穿过放卷辊1、放卷纠偏器2、放卷张力检测辊3、导辊、微凹辊5和基材背辊7之间的辊缝，然后穿过第三导辊8、预整形装置、热压装置、收卷张力检测辊14、收卷纠偏器15以及收卷辊16，在完成基材的穿带后，先调整热刮刀6与微凹辊5之间的距离，使热刮刀6的端部与微凹辊5的辊面相接触但不相互干涉，以对微凹辊5表面多余的锂液进行刮除，然后调整基材背辊7与微凹辊5之间的辊缝距离，使得微凹辊5对基材背辊7进行挤压，从而使基材背辊7发生轻微形变，以保证微凹辊5凹槽内的锂液能够完全转移到基材表面上，接着加热锂液熔箱17至190～400℃，以对锂锭进行熔化并保证金属锂液的熔融状态和锂液的黏度，加热微凹辊5和热刮刀6至190～230℃，对热压装置加热至100～130℃，之后启动微凹辊5使其不断蘸取锂液并将凹槽内的锂液转移至基材表面上，经冷却后表面涂有金属锂液的基材经过预整形装置进行提前整形，以保证基材的平整性，然后经过热压装置热压，使得基材上的锂液被延压均匀平整，同时启动收卷辊16并不断调整其收卷速度，从而可以获得超薄金属锂带。
本发明还提供了一种制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的方法，其是采用如上所述的凹版涂布装置进行制备，主要是将基材穿过微凹辊5和基材背辊7之间后，通过热刮刀6对微凹辊5表面多余的锂液进行刮除，然后预整形和热压工序来对基材上的锂液进行延压均匀，经过自然冷却后获得超薄金属锂带，具体包括以下步骤：
a.将放卷装置上的基材依次穿过基材背辊7和热压装置后缠绕在收卷装置上，并使基材张紧；
b.对微凹辊5和热刮刀6预热至190～230℃，以保证微凹辊5和热刮刀6上的锂液保持熔融状态并具有一定的黏性；对热压装置预热至100～130℃，使其能够对基材上的锂液进行平整均匀的延压；在惰性气体下对锂液熔箱17内的锂液加热至190～400℃，使其保持熔融状态；
c.启动微凹辊5、放卷辊1和收卷辊16，调整收卷速度，使基材张紧并往收卷辊16方向移动，在移动过程中微凹辊5上的锂液被均匀地复合至基材的表面上，基材经过热压装置时基材上的锂液被均匀延压在基材表面上，收卷后得到单面覆锂的超薄金属锂带。
由此可见，本发明所述的制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置及其方法通过利用微凹辊5上的凹槽以及调整收放卷速度将熔融状态的锂液转移到基材的表面上，再通过预整形和热压工序从而得到均匀一致、厚度为1～50μm的超薄金属锂带，工序少、操作简单，有效提高了涂布的均匀性，能够实现自动化、连续性生产大宽幅的超薄金属锂带，大大提高了工作效率和产品质量。
上述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施方式，不能以此来限定本发明保护的范围，本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性的变化及替换均属于本发明所要求保护的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置，其特征在于：包括锂液熔箱、微凹辊、放卷装置、基材背辊、热压装置和收卷装置；所述微凹辊的下部浸入所述锂液熔箱中的锂液中，用于将锂液熔箱中的锂液转移到基材上；所述微凹辊的一侧上设置有用于刮除锂液的热刮刀，所述热刮刀的端部与微凹辊的辊面相接触；所述基材背辊设置在所述微凹辊的斜上方；所述放卷装置设置在所述基材背辊的一侧上，所述收卷装置设置在所述基材背辊的上方，所述热压装置设置在所述基材背辊与收卷装置之间，所述放卷装置上的基材经过所述基材背辊和热压装置后缠绕于所述收卷装置上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置，其特征在于：所述放卷装置包括用于缠绕待处理基材的放卷辊、放卷纠偏器、放卷张力检测辊和第一导辊，所述放卷纠偏器设置于所述放卷张力检测辊和所述放卷辊之间；所述第一导辊设置于所述放卷张力检测辊和所述基材背辊之间；所述放卷辊上的基材依次经过所述放卷纠偏器、放卷张力检测辊、第一导辊、基材背辊和热压装置后缠绕于所述收卷装置上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置，其特征在于：所述收卷装置包括用于缠绕超薄金属锂带的收卷辊、收卷纠偏器、收卷张力检测辊和第二导辊，所述收卷纠偏器设置于所述收卷张力检测辊和所述收卷辊之间；所述第二导辊设置于所述收卷张力检测辊和所述热压装置之间，经过复合得到的超薄金属锂带依次经过所述收卷张力检测辊和收卷纠偏器后缠绕于所述收卷辊上。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置，其特征在于：所述热压装置包括热压上辊和热压下辊，所述热压上辊与热压下辊上下平行设置。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置，其特征在于：还包括有预整形装置和第三导辊，所述第三导辊和预整形装置依次设置在所述基材背辊与热压装置之间，所述预整形装置包括预整形上辊和预整形下辊，所述预整形上辊与预整形下辊上下平行设置。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置，其特征在于：还包括密封工作室和用于向所述密封工作室提供惰性气体的惰性气体供应装置；所述锂液熔箱、微凹辊、放卷装置、基材背辊、收卷装置、热压装置和惰性气体供应装置均设置于所述密封工作室内。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置，其特征在于：所述锂液熔箱、微凹辊和热刮刀内均设置有加热装置；所述锂液熔箱、微凹辊和热刮刀均是采用铜制成的，所述锂液熔箱的内表面、所述微凹辊和热刮刀的外表面上均镀有不锈钢薄膜。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的凹版涂布装置，其特征在于：所述基材背辊是采用耐高温橡胶制成的。
9.一种制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的方法，其特征在于：采用如权利要求1～8中任一项所述的凹版涂布装置进行制备，包括以下步骤：
a.将放卷装置上的基材依次穿过基材背辊和热压装置后缠绕在收卷装置上，并使基材张紧；
b.对微凹辊、热刮刀和热压装置预热，在惰性气体下对锂液熔箱内的锂液加热至190～400℃，使其保持熔融状态；
c.启动微凹辊、放卷辊和收卷辊，调整收卷速度，使基材张紧并往收卷辊方向移动，在移动过程中微凹辊上的锂液被均匀地复合至基材的表面上，基材经过热压装置时基材上的锂液被均匀延压在基材表面上，收卷后得到单面覆锂的超薄金属锂带。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备大宽幅超薄金属锂带的方法，其特征在于：步骤b中微凹辊和热刮刀的加热温度为190～230℃；热压装置的加热温度为100～130℃。
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