CN112314207B - Method for grafting and expanding propagation of peony seedlings after autumn delay - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for late-autumn grafting propagation of peony seedlings, which comprises the following steps: collecting and storing spike strips, grafting, controlling temperature and sand storage, closely planting in an arched shed, performing intensive management and outplanting; the method solves the problems of short suitable time, labor shortage, scion waste, extensive management, low seedling survival rate, uneven specification and the like of the traditional peony grafting, and through scion storage, temperature-controlled sand storage and intensive close planting technology, the scion can be kept fresh for a long time, premature low-temperature vernalization is avoided, the suitable grafting time of the peony is prolonged, and the survival rate of the peony seedlings is improved; by intensive and fine management, 13 tens of thousands of seedlings can be produced per mu in a simple shed, standard and high-efficiency production of grafted peony seedlings is realized, and industrial development of peony is promoted.

Description

Method for grafting and expanding propagation of peony seedlings after autumn delay

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of peony seedling grafting propagation, and particularly relates to a method for grafting propagation after autumn delay of peony seedlings.

Background

Peony is a traditional famous flower in China, the flower of peony is large, graceful and rich, is ready to be liked by people, has wide market demands at home and abroad, the variety of peony has more than 1500 varieties, hundreds of famous excellent and rare varieties, and wonderful flowers, meets different appreciation demands of people, in recent years, with the industrial development of peony, new peony varieties are not produced, and the reproduction rate of peony of famous excellent, rare and new varieties needs to be improved in order to enable the peony to be rapidly reproduced to go to the market. The propagation method of the peony comprises seed propagation, plant division propagation, grafting propagation, layering propagation and the like, wherein the original characteristics of the peony variety are kept in the plant division propagation and the grafting propagation, the propagation quantity and the propagation speed of the plant division propagation are low, the limitation is caused on the production application of the peony, the grafting is a main method for the propagation of the peony, and particularly more than 90 percent of the total production amount of the peony in every year in Henan Luoyang and Shandong Heze of main production areas of the peony is realized through grafting measures. However, in natural conditions, the proper grafting time of the peony is from the first ten days of 9 months to the first 10 months, the grafting is too early, the bud body is easy to grow in autumn, and the temperature is too late, so that the new root is less in the current year and the wound callus is not sufficiently formed, so that the seedling growth vigor is weak and the survival rate is low in the next year. Therefore, the time suitable for grafting the peony in one year is very short, and meanwhile, the time from 9 months to 10 months is the autumn harvest and autumn busy season of agricultural production in the main production area of the peony, and is also the best time for seedling sale and field building and transplanting of peony production enterprises. The phenomenon of labor shortage often occurs in the time period, and particularly, a skilled grafting worker is difficult to ask. In addition, when the peony seedlings are sold and transplanted and managed in winter, a large number of scions can be generated by combining the measures of pruning and stumping, and if the scions cannot be reasonably stored and utilized, a large amount of scions are wasted.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems, provides a method for grafting and expanding propagation of peony seedlings after autumn delay, and can solve the problems of short suitable time, labor shortage, scion waste, extensive management, uneven specification, low seedling survival rate and the like of the traditional peony grafting, grafting activities can be implemented in 11-12 months after autumn delay (winter), the scions can be preserved for a long time through the technologies of spike strip storage, grafted seedling temperature control promoting healing, rooting, intensive close planting and the like, low-temperature vernalization is prevented from being completed prematurely, wounds of the grafted seedlings can be sufficiently healed and new roots are generated, meanwhile, a low-temperature treatment time period of bud bodies of the grafted seedlings is reserved, intensive management of close planting of the seedlings is implemented, the quality and the survival rate of the seedlings are improved, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for grafting and expanding propagation of peony seedlings after autumn delay comprises the following steps:

step one, collecting and storing spike strips

Combining the 'stumping' management and transplanting pruning measures of the peony seedlings, and preferentially reserving high-quality scions for grafting; adopting sprout tillers sprouting from the base of a stock plant and annual robust scions on the upper part of a crown, requiring the length of the spare scions to be more than 18cm, filling and plumping buds at the grafting part, binding the scions into bundles according to each 20 varieties, and attaching a label to sign the name of the variety and the acquisition date;

scion collection time: months 9-10;

indoor temperature control sand storage:

s1, selecting a room with good heat preservation, ventilating well, and arranging an air conditioner;

s2, sand pool requirement: the height of the sand pool is 60cm, the width is about 120cm, and air-permeable and water-permeable holes are reserved around the sand pool at intervals of 30cm at the height of 0-15cm, so that the phenomenon that spike strips are mildewed and rotted due to water accumulation at the bottom of the sand pool is prevented; square holes with the size of 5cm multiplied by 5cm are reserved on the periphery of the sand pool at the height of 30cm, so that the spike strip condition and the sand humidity and temperature of a storage layer can be monitored conveniently;

s3, pretreating spike strips and sandy soil;

s4, covering 15-20cm of sandy soil at the bottom of a sand pool during sand storage, filling 5-8cm of river sand into the inner wall of the sand pool, inclining spike strips by 25 degrees, arranging the sprouts upwards in a separating manner in the sand pool, and fully isolating each bundle by the river sand; after the sand pool is full, the top of each spike strip is covered with river sand by 10cm, and the uppermost edge of the sand pool is covered with a straw curtain for moisture preservation and ventilation;

s5, controlling the room temperature to be 15-20 ℃, and starting an air conditioner to increase the temperature in time when the room temperature is lower than 10 ℃ in cold weather of rain, snow and cold so as to prevent the vernalization process from being completed in advance when the ear strips are in a low-temperature environment for a long time; checking river sand humidity and indoor ventilation once a week;

step two, grafting and temperature-controlled sand storage

Grafting site and time arrangement: in a sunlight greenhouse; from 11 months to 12 months;

ear strip finishing: taking out scion strips from the sand storage pool, trimming robust parts suitable for grafting as scions, wherein the length of the scions is 6-8cm, the thickness of the scions is more than 0.5cm, and 1-2 full and plump buds are reserved;

arranging rootstocks: selecting the roots of 3-4 year-old seedlings of the paeonia ostii as stocks, wherein the roots are required to be robust and have no diseases, insect pests or broken parts;

a sticking method: obliquely downwards cutting a knife at the position 3-4cm away from the lower end of the scion to form a knife, and flattening the cut surface; cutting off a bud sprout tiller part at the root neck position of a grafting root, and obliquely cutting a cut from the upper part to the lower part at the position of 3-4cm from the upper end of the stock by using a grafting knife at an angle of 30-45 degrees and with the depth reaching xylem; then the scion is stuck with the cut of the stock together, the cambium is ensured to be aligned and compressed, and the interface is bound firmly by a hemp rope;

the wound part of the grafted seedling is coated with sterilization healing-promoting slurry, and the wound part is fully wrapped by the slurry;

burying the bundled grafted seedlings in a temperature-controlled sand bed, wherein the thickness of sand layers at the upper end and the lower end of a seedling body is 10cm, and the temperature is controlled to be about 23 ℃; the sand treatment and humidity control are consistent with the preservation treatment method of the scion;

the temperature control healing time of the grafted seedlings is 20 days;

step three, closely planting in arched shed

Planting field: the simple plastic arched shed has the sand thickness of more than 30 cm;

planting time: from 12 months to 1 month;

planting density: the grafted seedlings after wound healing are covered with river sand by 3-5cm at the top according to the plant spacing of 5cm and the row spacing of 10 cm; about 13 thousands of seedlings can be planted in sand per mu;

root promoting measures: covering grass grids on the surface layer of the planted sandy soil, tightly buckling a plastic film of an arched shed when meeting cold, rain and snow weather, keeping the temperature of the sandy soil layer above 10 ℃, treating the sandy soil layer for 15-20 days by using a heat preservation measure, and spraying 1000 times of rooting powder on the sandy soil after planting to promote the grafted seedlings to rapidly root;

after the root promoting and warm keeping measures are finished, the heat preservation measures such as the grass grids and the plastic films are removed, the natural low temperature is accepted, the grafted seedlings are promoted to complete the vernalization, and the natural low temperature is accepted for more than 1 month according to the climate conditions of the planting field;

step four, intensive management and outplanting

Weeding and watering: weeding and watering in time according to the growth condition and drought degree of weeds;

and (3) pest control: in 5 to 8 months, the control of the diseases and the insect pests of the roots and the leaves is carried out in time, and the diseases of the leaves and the roots are prevented;

spraying the foliar fertilizer once every half month in 5 to 7 months;

in 6-8 parts of high-temperature weather in summer, shading by using a shading net with 70% light transmittance, and preventing the occurrence of sunscald diseases of the leaves;

the sand planted seedlings can be outplanted for field planting in 9-10 months.

The pretreatment method of the spike strips and the sandy soil in the first step comprises the following steps: dipping the ear strips in 700 times of solution of 75% wettable chlorothalonil powder for 10 minutes, taking out and airing the ear strips for sand storage; the sandy soil used for covering the ear strips is moistened and disinfected by 0.03 percent potassium permanganate solution, the humidity of the sand is that the sand is kneaded into a ball by hands without dripping water, and the sand is loosened immediately.

In the second step, the roots of 3-4-year-old seedlings of the Paeonia ostii are selected as stocks, the length is 13-17cm, and the thickness is 1.3-1.8 cm.

The configuration of the sterilization healing-promoting slurry smeared on the wound part of the grafted seedling in the second step is as follows: 4 parts of plant ash and 6 parts of clay, and fully mixing and stirring the clay and the plant ash into slurry by using 600 times of liquid of cytokinin and carbendazim.

In the third step, a simple plastic arched shed is adopted, and the humidity in the shed is kept at 70% -85%; the sandy soil is prepared from 70% of river sand and 30% of grass carbon.

In the first step, stubble leveling management and transplanting and trimming measures of peony seedlings are combined, and high-quality scions are preferentially reserved for grafting. The stumping of the peony is a pruning mode for promoting the branch and the branch of the peony to be renewed and rejuvenated. For grafted seedlings or branch seedlings with insufficient branch number specification requirements of commercial seedlings, all branches on the ground are cut off in 10 months in autumn generally, and the top advantages of the branches are broken, so that buds at the root neck part are stimulated to germinate into new branches. After the plant with 2 branches is subjected to stumping treatment, 4-5 new branches can germinate in the next year, and more than 7 new branches can germinate in the next year after 3-4 divided seedlings are subjected to stumping treatment. The seedlings are trimmed by continuous stumping and fertilizer and water management is enhanced, so that not only are grafted seedlings or divided seedlings rapidly reach the outplanting specification, but also the collected branches can be used as scions. A large amount of scions generated by stumping, transplanting and pruning of peony seedlings are fully utilized, and high-quality scions are preferentially reserved for grafting, so that the waste of the scions is avoided. Every 20 branches of the variety are bound into a bundle, which is to ensure that each spike strip is contacted with sand conveniently when the next indoor temperature-controlled sand storage is carried out, so that the grafting survival rate of the peony after the autumn delay is improved.

Covering 15-20cm of sandy soil at the bottom of a sand pool during sand storage in the first step, filling 5-8cm of river sand into the inner wall of the sand pool, inclining spike strips by 25 degrees, arranging the buds upwards in rows and in the sand pool, and fully isolating each bundle by the river sand; after the sand pool is full, river sand is covered on the top of the spike strips by 10cm, and a straw curtain is covered on the uppermost edge of the sand pool, so that moisture preservation and ventilation are realized. The sand-stored seedling culture is a good propagation method, is obtained by changing the cutting seedling culture, has high practicability and feasibility, is low in cost and high in benefit, and is suitable for popularization and application in production. The seedbed is built in a sand storage bed which is built in a place with higher terrain, good ventilation and convenient sprinkling irrigation, a certain heat preservation measure is needed, and the size of a sand pool is determined by the seedling growing amount. The ear strips are inclined by 25 degrees to facilitate the placement of the ear strips, and the contact fullness degree of river sand on the branches can be visually found through the inclination; river sand is covered on the tops of the spike strips by 10cm, and a straw curtain is covered on the uppermost edge of the sand pool, so that terminal buds can be effectively protected and moisture can be kept; the greenhouse is matched for use, so that the environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and the like can be controlled more accurately, a better natural environment simulation effect is achieved, the technical conditions of intensive management are provided, the long-time fresh-keeping sand storage treatment of scion bars can be ensured, and the grafting survival rate of the peony after the autumn delay is improved.

In the first step, the room temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, if the weather is rainy, snowy and cold, an air conditioner is started to increase the temperature when the room temperature is lower than 10 ℃, so that the phenomenon that the vernalization process is completed in advance when the scions are in a low-temperature environment for a long time is prevented, and the phenomenon that the scions germinate in advance due to high temperature in the wound healing and root promoting stages of the grafted seedlings is prevented. The peony flowers are suitable for flowering at the temperature of 16-20 ℃, the flower buds gradually expand at the temperature of more than 4 ℃, and low-temperature vernalization needs to be carried out for a certain time before flowering, and the vernalization temperature is 1-10 ℃. Therefore, the room temperature in the step can not be lower than 10 ℃, and the vernalization process of the peony ear strips is prevented from being finished in advance due to the fact that the peony ear strips are in a low-temperature environment for a long time.

In the second step, the roots of 3-4 year-old seedlings of the paeonia ostii are selected as the stocks, and the stocks are required to be robust in root systems and free of diseases, insect pests and broken parts. The stock seed seedling is also called seedling, the root system is developed, the growth is vigorous, the scion is connected with the root system, the distance from the root system to the nutrient storage is short, and the nutrient transmission is fast. The peony root stock is hard and thin, is relatively difficult to graft, and grows slowly in the initial stage, but has more plants in the later stage, longer service life, wide distribution, strong adaptability and developed root system of paeonia ostii peony, and the peony root is used as the stock for grafting, so that the grafted seedling has good healing of the grafted seedling, the plant grows vigorously, and the grafting has good compatibility and high grafting survival rate. Under the same external environment condition, the survival rate is directly influenced by the difference of the grafted stocks, the survival rate of the peony root as the stock is higher, the survival rate of the peony root as the stock is 12 percent lower than that of the peony root as the stock, which indicates that the affinity of the peony root is stronger, and meanwhile, the root system of the grafted seedling of the later peony root as the stock is rich, so that the peony root is firstly selected as the stock when the peony variety is bred, and the grafted root is immediately buried in sandy soil after grafting, thereby meeting the moisture requirement when the scion and the stock are healed. The peony root stock is thick and long, grows vigorously, thin and short, and is weak in growth, and the peony root stock attached with most thin roots is more beneficial to survival of grafting and later growth and flowering. The root stock of the peony is dug out 2-3 days before grafting, and can be used after being dried in the shade, dehydrated and softened, so that the root stock cut is close and easy to heal, the operation is convenient, and the temporary dehydration withering is more conducive to the absorption of moisture.

The grafting method adopted in the second step is restricted by internal factors such as unobvious cambium of peony, semi-lignification of medulla of branch and the like, the survival rate of the grafting method is high under the same external environment condition, and the grafting method is convenient to operate in peony propagation.

And B, coating sterilization and healing promotion slurry on the wound part of the grafted seedling in the step II, wherein the slurry is used for fully wrapping the wound part, and the slurry is prepared by the following steps: 4 parts of plant ash and 6 parts of clay, and then fully mixing and stirring the clay and the plant ash into slurry by using 600 times of liquid of cytokinin and carbendazim. The slurry is used for fully wrapping the wound part of the grafted seedling to protect the wound of the grafted seedling from infection and water loss; the grafted seedlings mostly take roots from the interface and are in a circumferential shape, plant ash is mixed with mud to coat the interface, the grafted seedlings take roots more, grow robustly and vigorously, and the death rate of the seedlings in the current year is reduced after the seedlings spend summer. Due to the convenient material taking of plant ash and the obvious sterilization and disinfection effects, the grafted peony seedlings can be promoted to take roots more next year, and the death caused by poor growth is reduced.

And in the second step, during grafting and temperature-controlled sand storage, the bundled grafted seedlings are buried in a temperature-controlled sand bed, the thickness of the sand layers at the upper end and the lower end of the seedling body is 10cm, and the temperature is controlled to be about 23 ℃. Accurate temperature control is required in the step, the optimal temperature is 20-25 ℃ during grafting (within 20-30 days from the day of grafting), the wound healing speed is high, and the wound healing time is about 20 days generally at the temperature. The grafting season is strong under natural conditions, the optimal time is missed, and the survival rate is greatly reduced. The temperature and the humidity are controlled by using the greenhouse, the environmental conditions such as the optimal temperature and humidity of grafting are simulated, the wound is quickly healed by using the proper temperature in the greenhouse, and the grafting survival rate after the autumn delay (in winter) can be improved.

Wherein, simple plastic arched sheds are adopted in the step three arched shed close planting, and the thickness of sand is more than 30 cm. A simple plastic arched shed is adopted, and the humidity in the shed is kept to be 70% -85%; the sandy soil is prepared from 70% of river sand and 30% of grass carbon. And a plastic film is covered on the seedling transplanting device, so that the ground temperature is stabilized to be more than 10 ℃, ventilation needs to be carried out in time when sunlight is sufficient in the daytime, in addition, sandy soil is irrigated by 1000 times of rooting powder, new roots can be promoted to be rapidly generated by planting the grafted seedlings, and the root promoting and heat preserving measures last for 15-20 days. The survival rate and the later growth of the grafted peony seedling are closely related to the healing degree of a grafting opening and the generation condition of new roots after planting. In the temperature control and root promotion stage after the close planting of the arched shed, the callus at the grafting port can be continuously formed, and meanwhile, the ground temperature is controlled to be more than 10 ℃, so that the rapid generation of a new root system of the grafted seedling can be promoted, and the growth of the grafted seedling after survival can be ensured. Peony is deciduous shrub, sprouts and grows once in spring every year, the annual growth amount is completed after flowers bloom in 4 months generally, and if new root systems of newly planted peony are not abundant enough, the newly planted peony often sprouts by relying on self nutrition in spring, and deciduous leaves are died in advance in 7-8 months in summer in high-temperature seasons, so that the phenomenon of false survival is caused. Therefore, the control of the ground temperature to be more than 10 ℃ after the grafted seedlings are planted is of great importance for promoting rooting.

After the root promoting and heat insulating measures in the three-arch shed close planting are finished, the heat insulating measures such as the grass grids and the plastic films are removed, natural low temperature is accepted, the vernalization stage of the seedlings is promoted, and the time of accepting the natural low temperature is maintained for more than 1 month according to the climatic conditions of the planting field. The peony buds have dormancy characteristics, can be released when a certain low-temperature period or a certain low-temperature value is reached, can normally germinate and grow after the temperature is raised, and can generally finish the germination and growth process at 0-5 ℃ for about 40 days. Therefore, after the grafted seedlings finish wound healing and root promoting stages, heat preservation measures such as straw grids and plastic films need to be removed, natural low temperature is accepted, and the seedlings are promoted to quickly finish the vernalization stage.

In the third step of close planting in an arched shed, grafting seedlings with healed wounds are covered with river sand by 3-5cm at the top ends according to the plant spacing of 5cm and the row spacing of 10 cm; about 13 thousands of seedlings can be planted in sand per mu; the method has the advantages that the grafted plantlets are properly densely planted in the same year, the land can be saved, the seedling yield per unit area can be improved, unified management is facilitated, the same production mode which accords with the production standard is adopted in the same production base, the same seedling standard is adopted, the same seedling grafting production technology, the same packaging, transportation, storage, marking, inspection method and the like are adopted, and the peony high-quality variety seedlings which accord with the standard are produced by adopting the same management standard in the same environment which is favorable for the growth of the grafted seedlings, such as a plastic greenhouse, a storehouse and a phytotron; the method is efficient and economical, realizes intensive management, fully uses land resources, exerts the maximum benefit, and increases the yield and benefit of the peony seedlings by applying advanced agricultural science and technology and management measures.

In the fourth step, intensive management and 6-8 parts of high-temperature weather in summer out of the garden are carried out, and a shading net with 70% of light transmittance is used for shading to prevent the occurrence of leaf sunscald; for the grafted seedlings of densely planted 1-2 year old peony, a sunshade net is erected for shading, so that the death rate can be obviously reduced, and the survival rate can be improved.

Wherein the step four is intensive management and the sand planting seedlings in 9-10 months can be outplanted for field planting. The peony has a root growth peak after the autumn comes, the timely planting is beneficial to the growth and recovery of the root in the current year of the planting, and generally, a new root can grow to about 20cm, which is very beneficial to the growth in the next year.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method solves the problems of short suitable time, labor shortage, scion waste, extensive management, low seedling survival rate, uneven specification and the like of the traditional peony grafting, prolongs the suitable grafting time of the peony, can be carried out from 11 months to the next 1 month in winter, staggers busy seasons, and solves the problem of shortage of grafting workers. The scions can be preserved for a long time, premature low-temperature vernalization is avoided, and the problem of scion waste of famous varieties is solved; ensuring that the grafted wound callus and new roots are fully formed, and improving the survival rate of peony seedlings; through close planting and intensive fine management, 13 tens of thousands of seedlings per mu can be realized by the simple shed, time, labor and efficiency are saved, standard and efficient production of peony grafted seedlings is realized, and industrial development of peony is promoted.

Detailed Description

The scheme of the invention is further illustrated by the following examples:

branches of various excellent peony varieties such as Luoyang red, green bean, Yaohuang and the like in a peony resource garden are selected as scions, roots of 3-4-year-old Paeonia ostii seedlings in the peony breeding garden are selected as stocks, and appropriate greenhouse facilities are selected to implement efficient grafting and expanded breeding projects after autumn delay (winter) of the peony varieties.

Example 1: a method for grafting and expanding propagation of peony seedlings after autumn delay comprises the following steps:

step one, collecting and storing spike strips

Firstly, combining the 'stumping' management of peony seedlings and the measures of transplanting and pruning, and preferentially reserving high-quality scions for grafting. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of adopting sprouts germinated at the base parts of mother plants and annual robust scions on the upper parts of crowns, requiring the length of a spare scion to be 18cm, enabling buds of grafted parts to be full and full, binding every 20 scions into a bundle according to varieties, and attaching a label to sign the name of the variety and the collection date.

(II) scion collection time: 9 in mid-month.

(III) indoor temperature-controlled sand storage

(1) Selecting room with good heat preservation, ventilating well, and installing air conditioner.

(2) The requirement of a sand pool is as follows: the height of the sand pool is 60cm, the width is about 120cm, and air-permeable and water-permeable holes are reserved around the sand pool at intervals of 30cm at the height of 0-15cm, so that the phenomenon that spike strips are mildewed and rotted due to water accumulation at the bottom of the sand pool is prevented. A square hole with the size of 5cm multiplied by 5cm is reserved on the periphery of the sand pool at the height of 30cm, so that the spike strip condition and the sand humidity and temperature of the storage layer can be monitored conveniently.

(3) Pre-treating spike strips and sandy soil: dipping the ear strips in 700 times of solution of 75% wettable chlorothalonil powder for 10 minutes, taking out and airing the ear strips for sand storage; the sandy soil for covering the ear strips is moistened and sterilized by 0.03 percent potassium permanganate solution, the humidity of the sand is that the sand is kneaded into a ball by hands without dripping water, and the sand is loosened immediately.

(4) When the sand is stored, 15cm of sandy soil is covered at the bottom of a sand pool, 5cm of river sand is filled in the inner wall of the sand pool, the spike strips are inclined by 25 degrees, the sprouts are arranged upwards in rows and are placed in the sand pool, and the bundles are fully isolated by the river sand. The number of layers is preferably 3, so that the ear strips are inconvenient to check and manage and easy to generate heat and mildew when too many ear strips are arranged. After the sand pool is full, river sand is covered on the top of the spike strips by 10cm, and a straw curtain is covered on the uppermost edge of the sand pool, so that moisture preservation and ventilation are realized.

(5) The room temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, if the weather is rainy, snowy and cold, the air conditioner is started to increase the temperature when the room temperature is lower than 10 ℃, and the phenomenon that the vernalization process is completed in advance because the ear is in a low-temperature environment for a long time is prevented. Checking river sand humidity and indoor ventilation once a week; the scion breathing is enhanced when the temperature is too high, the consumed nutrients are increased, and the scion is easy to mildew; the scions are prone to mildew due to excessive humidity.

Step two, grafting and temperature-controlled sand storage

(I), grafting place and time arrangement: in a sunlight greenhouse; the month of 11.

(II) ear strip finishing: and (3) taking out scions from the sand storage pool, trimming robust parts suitable for grafting as scions, wherein the length of the scions is 6cm, the thickness of the scions is more than 0.5cm, and 1-2 full and plump buds are reserved.

(III) stock arrangement: the roots of 3-4 year-old seedlings of the paeonia ostii are selected as stocks, the length is 13-17cm, the thickness is 1.3-1.8cm, and the roots are required to be robust and have no diseases, insect pests or broken parts. The root stock is dug out 2-3 days before grafting, and can be used after being dried in the shade, dehydrated and softened, so that the root stock incision is compact and easy to heal, the operation is convenient, and the temporary dehydration withering is more beneficial to the absorption of moisture.

And (IV) a sticking connection method. And (3) obliquely downwards cutting the lower end of the scion by one cut at a position of 3-4cm, striving for one cut to be formed, and flattening the cut surface. Cutting off the bud sprout at the root neck of the grafting root, and obliquely cutting a cut from the upper part to the lower part at the position of 3-4cm from the upper end of the stock by using a grafting knife at an angle of 30-45 degrees and the depth of the cut reaching xylem. And then the scion and the cut of the stock are adhered together, so that the cambium is aligned and compressed, and the interface is bound firmly by a hemp rope.

And (V) smearing the sterilization and healing promotion slurry on the wound part of the grafted seedling, wherein the slurry is used for fully wrapping the wound part. Preparing slurry: 4 parts of plant ash and 6 parts of clay, and then fully mixing and stirring the clay and the plant ash into slurry by using 600 times of liquid of cytokinin and carbendazim.

And (VI) burying the bundled grafted seedlings into a temperature-controlled sand bed, wherein the thickness of the sand layers at the upper end and the lower end of the seedling body is 10cm, and the temperature is controlled to be about 23 ℃. The sand treatment and the humidity control are consistent with the preservation treatment method of the scions.

And (seventhly), controlling the temperature of the grafted seedlings to heal for 20 days.

Step three, closely planting in arched shed

(I) planting a field: the simple plastic arched shed has sand soil (70% of river sand and 30% of grass carbon) with thickness of over 30 cm.

(II) planting time: month 12.

(III) planting density: grafting seedlings with healed wounds, wherein the plant spacing is 5cm, the row spacing is 10cm, and the top ends of the grafting seedlings are covered with river sand by 3-5 cm; about 13 thousands of seedlings can be planted in sand per mu.

(IV) root promoting measures: covering grass grids on the surface layer of the planted sandy soil, tightly buckling an arched shed plastic film when meeting cold, rain and snow weather, keeping the temperature of the sandy soil layer above 10 ℃, treating the sandy soil layer for 15-20 days by using a heat preservation measure, and spraying 1000 times of rooting powder on the sandy soil after planting to promote the grafted seedlings to root quickly.

And (V) after the root promoting and heat insulating measures are finished, removing the heat insulating measures such as the grass grids and the plastic films, and slightly loosening the sandy soil layer on the upper parts of the soil ridges so as to facilitate the scions to germinate and come out of the soil. If the sand layer is thick, a part of the sand layer can be removed, but the soil on the top buds still remains for 3-5cm, so that the buds grow out automatically, and the buds are not suitable to be taken out of the soil to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by freezing (late spring coldness). Meanwhile, natural low temperature is received to promote grafted seedlings to complete the vernalization, and the natural low temperature is received for more than 1 month according to the climatic conditions of the planting field.

Step four, intensive management and outplanting

After grafted seedlings germinate, expand leaves and shoot, daily management work such as weeding, loosening soil, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests is carried out, and if flower buds appear, the flower buds are removed in time to supply nutrients for the growth of the seedlings; and the new branches sprouting below the rootstock interface are wiped off in time.

Firstly, weeding and watering: weeding and watering are carried out in time according to the growth condition of weeds and the drought degree, the peony has developed root system and is drought-tolerant, but newly-planted seedlings need watering in time when the seedlings are drought, and water accumulation is avoided when watering. The quantitative sprinkling irrigation measure is adopted optimally.

(II) pest control: and in 5-8 months, the diseases and insect pests of the leaves and the roots are prevented in time, and the diseases of the leaves and the roots are prevented. The main pest and disease damage prevention and control of peony: (1) leaf spot and brown spot damage the peony stem and leaf. The 200-time equivalent Bordeaux mixture, the 500-time zineb mixture and the spreader, or the 800-time methyl thiophanate mixture and the carbendazim mixture can be sprayed at intervals of 1 time every 10 days and 3 times continuously. (2) Root rot is a fungal virus that harms the root neck and root system. The control method comprises the following steps: cutting off diseased part, scraping diseased spot, and sterilizing with 4-5 ° Be lime sulfur mixture or 0.1% copper sulfate during cultivation; disinfecting the periphery of the diseased plant with lime or sulfur. (3) The peony longhorn jews the neck of the root. The treatment method comprises the following steps: before planting, the seedlings are fumigated by aluminium phosphide, and the diseased plants can be directly drilled with 2-3 pills of aluminium phosphide tablets per plant, filled into the soil below and sealed. (4) The damping-off disease is mostly appeared in new seedling raising plots, and symptoms such as rot and the like appear at the root and stem parts of seedlings. When the damage is serious, the roots become black and rot, and the plants will wither and die. The pesticide can be used for preventing and treating by alternately spraying 500 times of liquid of 50 percent thiram wettable powder and 1000 times of liquid of 30 percent hymexazol. (5) The common pests include wireworm, mole cricket, cutworm, etc., and can be controlled by irrigating root with 1000 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution or 500 times of 40% methyl isoxaphos solution.

And (III) spraying the foliar fertilizer once every half month in 5 to 7 months. Foliar fertilizers such as monopotassium phosphate, photosynthetic trace element fertilizers and the like can be applied by combining with pesticide spraying.

And (IV) in 6-8 parts of high-temperature weather in summer, shading by using a shading net with 70% light transmittance, and preventing the occurrence of leaf sunscald.

And (V) the sand-planted seedlings in 9-10 months can be outplanted for field planting.

Example 2: a method for grafting and expanding propagation of peony seedlings after autumn delay comprises the following steps:

step one, collecting and storing spike strips

Firstly, combining the 'stumping' management of peony seedlings and the measures of transplanting and pruning, and preferentially reserving high-quality scions for grafting. The method is characterized in that sprouting branches sprouting from the base of a stock plant and annual robust scions on the upper portion of a crown are adopted, the length of the standby scions is required to be 20cm, buds of a grafting part are full and full, every 20 scions of a variety are bundled, and the name of the variety and the collection date of the variety are labeled.

(II) scion collection time: 9 last ten days.

(III) indoor temperature-controlled sand storage

(1) Selecting room with good heat preservation, ventilating well, and installing air conditioner.

(2) The requirement of a sand pool is as follows: the height of the sand pool is 60cm, the width is about 120cm, and air-permeable and water-permeable holes are reserved around the sand pool at intervals of 30cm at the height of 0-15cm, so that the phenomenon that spike strips are mildewed and rotted due to water accumulation at the bottom of the sand pool is prevented. A square hole with the size of 5cm multiplied by 5cm is reserved on the periphery of the sand pool at the height of 30cm, so that the spike strip condition and the sand humidity and temperature of the storage layer can be monitored conveniently.

(3) Pre-treating spike strips and sandy soil: dipping the spikes in 700 times of solution of 75% wettable chlorothalonil powder for 10 minutes, taking out and airing the spikes for sand storage; the sandy soil for covering the ear strips is moistened and sterilized by 0.03 percent potassium permanganate solution, the humidity of the sand is that the sand is kneaded into a ball by hands without dripping water, and the sand is loosened immediately.

(4) When the sand is stored, 18cm of sandy soil is covered at the bottom of a sand pool, 6cm of river sand is filled in the inner wall of the sand pool, the spike strips are inclined by 25 degrees, the sprouts are arranged upwards in rows and are placed in the sand pool, and the bundles are fully isolated by the river sand. The number of layers of the placement is preferably 3, so that the ear strips are inconvenient to check and manage and easy to generate heat and mildew when being too many. After the sand pool is full, river sand is covered on the top of the spike strips by 10cm, and a straw curtain is covered on the uppermost edge of the sand pool, so that moisture preservation and ventilation are realized.

(5) The room temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, if the weather is rainy, snowy and cold, the air conditioner is started to increase the temperature when the room temperature is lower than 10 ℃, and the phenomenon that the vernalization process is completed in advance because the ear is in a low-temperature environment for a long time is prevented. Checking river sand humidity and indoor ventilation once a week; the scion breathing is enhanced when the temperature is too high, the consumed nutrients are increased, and the scion is easy to mildew; the scions are prone to mildew due to excessive humidity.

Step two, grafting and temperature-controlled sand storage

(I), grafting place and time arrangement: in a sunlight greenhouse; the month of 11.

(II) ear strip finishing: and (3) taking out the scion from the sand storage pool, trimming to obtain a robust part suitable for grafting as a scion, wherein the length of the scion is 7cm, the thickness of the scion is more than 0.5cm, and 1-2 full buds are reserved.

(III) stock arrangement: the root of 3-4 year-old seedlings of the paeonia ostii is selected as a stock, the length is 13-17cm, and the thickness is 1.3-1.8 cm. The root system is required to be robust and free of diseases, insect pests and broken parts. The root stock is dug out 2-3 days before grafting, and can be used after being dried in the shade, dehydrated and softened, so that the root stock incision is compact and easy to heal, the operation is convenient, and the temporary dehydration withering is more beneficial to the absorption of moisture.

And (IV) a sticking connection method. And (3) obliquely downwards cutting the lower end of the scion by one cut at a position of 3-4cm, striving for one cut to be formed, and flattening the cut surface. Cutting off the bud sprout at the root neck of the grafting root, and obliquely cutting a cut from the upper part to the lower part at the position of 3-4cm from the upper end of the stock by using a grafting knife at an angle of 30-45 degrees and the depth of the cut reaching xylem. And then the scion and the cut of the stock are adhered together, so that the cambium is aligned and compressed, and the interface is bound firmly by a hemp rope.

And (V) smearing the sterilization and healing promotion slurry on the wound part of the grafted seedling, wherein the slurry is used for fully wrapping the wound part. Preparing slurry: 4 parts of plant ash and 6 parts of clay, and then fully mixing and stirring the clay and the plant ash into slurry by using 600 times of liquid of cytokinin and carbendazim.

And (VI) burying the bundled grafted seedlings into a temperature-controlled sand bed, wherein the thickness of the sand layers at the upper end and the lower end of the seedling body is 10cm, and the temperature is controlled to be about 23 ℃. The sand treatment and the humidity control are consistent with the preservation treatment method of the scions.

And (seventhly), controlling the temperature of the grafted seedlings to heal for 20 days.

Step three, closely planting in arched shed

(I) planting a field: the simple plastic arched shed has sand soil (70% of river sand and 30% of grass carbon) with thickness of over 30 cm.

(II) planting time: month 12.

(III) planting density: the grafted seedlings after wound healing are covered with river sand by 3-5cm at the top according to the plant spacing of 5cm and the row spacing of 10 cm; about 13 thousands of seedlings can be planted in sand per mu.

(IV) root promoting measures: covering grass grids on the surface layer of the planted sandy soil, tightly buckling an arched shed plastic film when meeting cold, rain and snow weather, keeping the temperature of the sandy soil layer above 10 ℃, treating the sandy soil layer for 15-20 days by using a heat preservation measure, and spraying 1000 times of rooting powder on the sandy soil after planting to promote the grafted seedlings to root quickly.

And (V) after the root promoting and heat insulating measures are finished, removing the heat insulating measures such as the grass grids and the plastic films, and slightly loosening the sandy soil layer on the upper parts of the soil ridges so as to facilitate the scions to germinate and come out of the soil. If the sand layer is thick, a part of the sand layer can be removed, but the soil on the top buds still remains for 3-5cm, so that the buds grow out automatically, and the buds are not suitable to be taken out of the soil to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by freezing (late spring coldness). Meanwhile, natural low temperature is received to promote grafted seedlings to complete the vernalization, and the natural low temperature is received for more than 1 month according to the climatic conditions of the planting field.

Step four, intensive management and outplanting

After grafted seedlings germinate, expand leaves and shoot, daily management work such as weeding, loosening soil, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests is carried out, and if flower buds appear, the flower buds are removed in time to supply nutrients for the growth of the seedlings; and the new branches sprouting below the rootstock interface are wiped off in time.

Firstly, weeding and watering: weeding and watering are carried out in time according to the growth condition of weeds and the drought degree, the peony has developed root system and is drought-tolerant, but newly-planted seedlings need watering in time when the seedlings are drought, and water accumulation is avoided when watering. The quantitative sprinkling irrigation measure is adopted optimally.

(II) pest control: and in 5-8 months, the diseases and insect pests of the leaves and the roots are prevented in time, and the diseases of the leaves and the roots are prevented. The main pest and disease damage prevention and control of peony: (1) leaf spot and brown spot damage the peony stem and leaf. 160-fold 200-fold equivalent Bordeaux mixture, 500-fold 800-fold zineb mixture spreading agent or 800-fold 1000-methyl thiophanate liquid and carbendazim solution can be sprayed at intervals, 1 time per 12 days and 3 times continuously. (2) Root rot is a fungal virus that harms the root neck and root system. The control method comprises the following steps: cutting off diseased part, scraping diseased spot, and sterilizing with 4-5 ° Be lime sulfur mixture or 0.1% copper sulfate during cultivation; disinfecting the periphery of the diseased plant with lime or sulfur. (3) The peony longicorn harms the root and neck. The treatment method comprises the following steps: before planting, the seedlings are fumigated by aluminium phosphide, and the diseased plants can be directly drilled with 2-3 pills of aluminium phosphide tablets per plant, filled into the soil below and sealed. (4) The damping-off disease is mostly appeared in new seedling raising plots, and symptoms such as rot and the like appear at the root and stem parts of seedlings. When the damage is serious, the roots become black and rot, and the plants will wither and die. The pesticide can be used for preventing and treating by alternately spraying 500 times of liquid of 50 percent thiram wettable powder and 1000 times of liquid of 30 percent hymexazol. (5) The common pests include wireworm, mole cricket, cutworm, etc., and can be controlled by irrigating root with 1000 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution or 500 times of 40% methyl isoxaphos solution.

And (III) spraying the foliar fertilizer once every half month in 5 to 7 months. Foliar fertilizers such as monopotassium phosphate, photosynthetic trace element fertilizers and the like can be applied by combining with pesticide spraying.

And (IV) in 6-8 parts of high-temperature weather in summer, shading by using a shading net with 70% light transmittance, and preventing the occurrence of leaf sunscald.

And (V) the sand-planted seedlings in 9-10 months can be outplanted for field planting.

Example 3: a method for grafting and expanding propagation of peony seedlings after autumn delay comprises the following steps:

step one, collecting and storing spike strips

Firstly, combining the 'stumping' management of peony seedlings and the measures of transplanting and pruning, and preferentially reserving high-quality scions for grafting. The method is characterized in that sprouting branches sprouting from the base of a stock plant and annual robust scions on the upper portion of a crown are adopted, the length of the spare scions is required to be more than 18cm, buds of a grafted part are full and full, every 20 scions of a variety are bundled, and the name of the variety and the collection date of the variety are labeled.

(II) scion collection time: in the last 10 months.

(III) indoor temperature-controlled sand storage

(1) Selecting room with good heat preservation, ventilating well, and installing air conditioner.

(2) The requirement of a sand pool is as follows: the height of the sand pool is 60cm, the width is about 120cm, and air-permeable and water-permeable holes are reserved around the sand pool at intervals of 30cm at the height of 0-15cm, so that the phenomenon that spike strips are mildewed and rotted due to water accumulation at the bottom of the sand pool is prevented. A square hole with the size of 5cm multiplied by 5cm is reserved on the periphery of the sand pool at the height of 30cm, so that the spike strip condition and the sand humidity and temperature of the reservoir layer can be monitored conveniently.

(3) Pre-treating spike strips and sandy soil: dipping the spikes in 700 times of solution of 75% wettable chlorothalonil powder for 10 minutes, taking out and airing the spikes for sand storage; the sandy soil for covering the ear strips is moistened and sterilized by 0.03 percent potassium permanganate solution, the humidity of the sand is that the sand is kneaded into a ball by hands without dripping water, and the sand is loosened immediately.

(4) During sand storage, 20cm of sandy soil is covered at the bottom of a sand pool, 8cm of river sand is filled in the inner wall of the sand pool, the spike strips are inclined by 25 degrees, the buds are upwards arranged in rows and placed in the sand pool, and the bundles are fully isolated by the river sand. The number of layers of the placement is preferably 3, so that the ear strips are inconvenient to check and manage and easy to generate heat and mildew when being too many. After the sand pool is full, river sand is covered on the top of the spike strips by 10cm, and a straw curtain is covered on the uppermost edge of the sand pool, so that moisture preservation and ventilation are realized.

(5) The room temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, if the weather is rainy, snowy and cold, the air conditioner is started to increase the temperature when the room temperature is lower than 10 ℃, and the phenomenon that the vernalization process is completed in advance because the ear is in a low-temperature environment for a long time is prevented. Checking river sand humidity and indoor ventilation once a week; the scion breathing is enhanced when the temperature is too high, the consumed nutrients are increased, and the scion is easy to mildew; the scions are prone to mildew due to excessive humidity.

Step two, grafting and temperature-controlled sand storage

(I), grafting place and time arrangement: in a sunlight greenhouse; month 12.

(II) ear strip finishing: and (3) taking out scions from the sand storage pool, trimming robust parts suitable for grafting to be scions, wherein the length of the scions is 8cm, the thickness of the scions is more than 0.5cm, and 1-2 full and plump buds are reserved.

(III) stock arrangement: the root of 3-4 year-old seedlings of the paeonia ostii is selected as a stock, the length is 13-17cm, and the thickness is 1.3-1.8 cm. The root system is required to be robust and free of diseases, insect pests and broken parts. The root stock is dug out 2-3 days before grafting, and can be used after being dried in the shade, dehydrated and softened, so that the root stock incision is compact and easy to heal, the operation is convenient, and the temporary dehydration withering is more beneficial to the absorption of moisture.

And (IV) a sticking connection method. And (3) obliquely downwards cutting the lower end of the scion by one cut at a position of 3-4cm, striving for one cut to be formed, and flattening the cut surface. Cutting off the bud sprout at the root neck of the grafting root, and obliquely cutting a cut from the upper part to the lower part at the position of 3-4cm from the upper end of the stock by using a grafting knife at an angle of 30-45 degrees and the depth of the cut reaching xylem. And then the scion and the cut of the stock are adhered together to ensure that the cambium is aligned and compacted, and the joint is bound firmly by a hemp rope.

And (V) smearing the sterilization and healing promotion slurry on the wound part of the grafted seedling, wherein the slurry is used for fully wrapping the wound part. Preparing slurry: 4 parts of plant ash and 6 parts of clay, and then fully mixing and stirring the clay and the plant ash into slurry by using cytokinin and 600 times of carbendazim solution.

And (VI) burying the bundled grafted seedlings into a temperature-controlled sand bed, wherein the thickness of the sand layers at the upper end and the lower end of the seedling body is 10cm, and the temperature is controlled to be about 23 ℃. The sand treatment and the humidity control are consistent with the preservation treatment method of the scions.

And (seventhly), controlling the temperature of the grafted seedlings to heal for 20 days.

Step three, closely planting in arched shed

(I) planting a field: the simple plastic arched shed has sand soil (70% of river sand and 30% of grass carbon) with thickness of over 30 cm.

(II) planting time: month 1.

(III) planting density: the grafted seedlings after wound healing are covered with river sand by 3-5cm at the top according to the plant spacing of 5cm and the row spacing of 10 cm; about 13 thousands of seedlings can be planted in sand per mu.

(IV) root promoting measures: covering grass grids on the surface layer of the planted sandy soil, tightly buckling an arched shed plastic film when meeting cold, rain and snow weather, keeping the temperature of the sandy soil layer above 10 ℃, treating the sandy soil layer for 15-20 days by using a heat preservation measure, and spraying 1000 times of rooting powder on the sandy soil after planting to promote the grafted seedlings to root quickly.

And (V) after the root promoting and heat insulating measures are finished, removing the heat insulating measures such as the grass grids and the plastic films, and slightly loosening the sandy soil layer on the upper parts of the soil ridges so as to facilitate the scions to germinate and come out of the soil. If the sand layer is thick, a part of the sand layer can be removed, but the soil on the top buds still remains for 3-5cm, so that the buds grow out automatically, and the buds are not suitable to be taken out of the soil to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by freezing (late spring coldness). Meanwhile, natural low temperature is received to promote grafted seedlings to complete the vernalization, and the natural low temperature is received for more than 1 month according to the climatic conditions of the planting field.

Step four, intensive management and outplanting

After grafted seedlings germinate, expand leaves and shoot, daily management work such as weeding, loosening soil, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests is carried out, and if flower buds appear, the flower buds are removed in time to supply nutrients for the growth of the seedlings; and the new branches sprouting below the rootstock interface are wiped off in time.

Firstly, weeding and watering: weeding and watering are carried out in time according to the growth condition of weeds and the drought degree, the peony has developed root system and is drought-tolerant, but newly-planted seedlings need watering in time when the seedlings are drought, and water accumulation is avoided when watering. The quantitative sprinkling irrigation measure is adopted optimally.

(II) pest control: and in 5-8 months, the diseases and insect pests of the leaves and the roots are prevented in time, and the diseases of the leaves and the roots are prevented. The main pest and disease damage prevention and control of peony: (1) leaf spot and brown spot damage the peony stem and leaf. The 200-time equivalent Bordeaux mixture, the 500-time zineb mixture and the spreader, or the 800-time methyl thiophanate mixture and the carbendazim mixture can be sprayed at intervals of 1 time every 15 days and 4 times continuously. (2) Root rot is a fungal virus that harms the root neck and root system. The control method comprises the following steps: cutting off diseased part, scraping diseased spot, and sterilizing with 4-5 ° Be lime sulfur mixture or 0.1% copper sulfate during cultivation; disinfecting the periphery of the diseased plant with lime or sulfur. (3) The peony longicorn harms the root and neck. The treatment method comprises the following steps: before planting, the seedlings are fumigated by aluminium phosphide, and the diseased plants can be directly drilled with 2-3 pills of aluminium phosphide tablets per plant, filled into the soil below and sealed. (4) The damping-off disease is mostly appeared in new seedling raising plots, and symptoms such as rot and the like appear at the root and stem parts of seedlings. When the damage is serious, the roots become black and rot, and the plants will wither and die. The wettable powder 500 times liquid of 50 percent thiram and 1000 times liquid of 30 percent hymexazol cream can be alternately sprayed for prevention and treatment. (5) The common pests include wireworm, mole cricket, cutworm, etc., and can be controlled by irrigating root with 1000 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution or 500 times of 40% methyl isoxaphos solution.

And (III) spraying the foliar fertilizer once every half month in 5 to 7 months. Foliar fertilizers such as monopotassium phosphate, photosynthetic trace element fertilizers and the like can be applied by combining with pesticide spraying.

And (IV) in 6-8 parts of high-temperature weather in summer, shading by using a shading net with 70% light transmittance, and preventing the occurrence of leaf sunscald.

And (V) planting the seedlings in sand in 9-10 months, and taking out of the nursery for field planting.

In order to improve the grafting survival rate, selecting an excellent peony variety to carry out a late autumn-postponed (winter) grafting survival test, combining the measures of 'stumping' management and transplanting pruning of peony seedlings, taking the sprouting branches germinated at the base of an excellent mother plant and the annual thick and strong branches at the upper part of a crown as scions, wherein the collection time of the scions is 9-10 months, the length of the spare scions is more than 18cm, the buds of the grafting part are filled and full, the collected scions are placed in a disinfected indoor sand pool after being treated, the indoor temperature-controlled sand storage method can be used for storing for 1-2 months, the room temperature is strictly controlled to be 15-20 ℃, the scions are prevented from being in a low-temperature environment for a long time to finish the vernalization process in advance, and the river sand humidity and the indoor ventilation condition are checked once a week; in 11-12 months after autumn delay, taking out scions from a sand storage pool in a sunlight greenhouse, trimming robust parts suitable for grafting to be scions, wherein the length of the scions is 6-8cm, the thickness of the scions is more than 0.5cm, 1-2 filled and full buds are reserved, roots of 3-4-year-old Paeonia ostii seedlings are used as stocks, grafting is carried out by using a grafting method, and the wound parts of the grafted seedlings are coated with sterilization healing promoting slurry which is used for fully wrapping the wound parts; burying the bundled grafted seedlings into a temperature-controlled sand bed, wherein the thickness of sand layers at the upper end and the lower end of a seedling body is 10cm, the temperature is controlled to be about 23 ℃, and the temperature-controlled healing time of the grafted seedlings is 20 days; carrying out sand planting on the grafted seedlings with the healed wounds according to the plant spacing of 5cm and the row spacing of 10cm, covering the top ends of the grafted seedlings with river sand of 3-5cm, covering grass grids on the surface layers of the planted sandy soil, tightly buckling an arched plastic film when meeting cold, rain and snow weather, keeping the temperature of the sandy soil layer above 10 ℃, treating the planted sandy soil for 15-20 days by using a heat preservation measure, and spraying 1000 times of rooting powder on the sandy soil after planting to promote the grafted seedlings to rapidly root; after the root promoting and warm keeping measures are finished, the heat preservation measures such as the grass grids and the plastic films are removed, the natural low temperature is accepted, the grafted seedlings are promoted to complete the vernalization, and the natural low temperature is accepted for more than 1 month according to the climate conditions of the planting field; after sand planting of seedlings, weeding, watering, fertilizing, pest control and the like are carried out regularly, and intensive management is well carried out. Grafting and breeding excellent peony varieties according to the method, wherein 2530 trees are grafted, the tested varieties comprise Zhao powder, Yao yellow, green bean, broad blush, Luoyang red and Guanshimeyu, and the grafting survival rate of seedlings of different peony grafted varieties after autumn (winter) is counted as follows:

compared with the optimum survival rate of the peony seedlings between the white dew and the autumn point under natural conditions, the survival rate of the grafting of the peony seedlings after the autumn delay (winter) is slightly lower by 1-5%, but compared with the survival rate of the grafting of the peony seedlings after the natural suitable conditions, namely 50-60% after 10 th of the autumn delay (winter), the survival rate of the grafting of the peony seedlings after the autumn delay (winter) is greatly improved.

Although the foregoing embodiments describe specific embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are merely illustrative and that various changes or modifications may be made in the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, which falls within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A method for grafting and expanding propagation of peony seedlings after autumn delay is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

step one, collecting and storing spike strips

Combining the measures of 'stumping' management and transplanting trimming of peony seedlings, and preferentially reserving high-quality scions for grafting; adopting sprout tillers sprouting from the base of a stock plant and annual robust scions on the upper part of a crown, requiring the length of the spare scions to be more than 18cm, filling and plumping buds at the grafting part, binding the scions into bundles according to each 20 varieties, and attaching a label to sign the name of the variety and the acquisition date;

scion collection time: months 9-10;

indoor temperature control sand storage:

s1, selecting a room with good heat preservation, ventilating well, and arranging an air conditioner;

s2, sand pool requirement: the height of the sand pool is 60cm, the width is about 120cm, and air-permeable and water-permeable holes are reserved around the sand pool at intervals of 30cm at the height of 0-15cm, so that the phenomenon that spike strips are mildewed and rotted due to water accumulation at the bottom of the sand pool is prevented; square holes with the size of 5cm multiplied by 5cm are reserved on the periphery of the sand pool at the height of 30cm, so that the spike strip condition and the sand humidity and temperature of a storage layer can be monitored conveniently;

s3, pretreating spike strips and sandy soil;

s4, covering 15-20cm of sandy soil at the bottom of a sand pool during sand storage, filling 5-8cm of river sand into the inner wall of the sand pool, inclining spike strips by 25 degrees, arranging the sprouts upwards in a separating manner in the sand pool, and fully isolating each bundle by the river sand; after the sand pool is full, the top of each spike strip is covered with river sand by 10cm, and the uppermost edge of the sand pool is covered with a straw curtain for moisture preservation and ventilation;

s5, controlling the room temperature to be 15-20 ℃, and starting an air conditioner to increase the temperature in time when the room temperature is lower than 10 ℃ in cold weather of rain, snow and cold so as to prevent the vernalization process from being completed in advance when the ear strips are in a low-temperature environment for a long time; checking river sand humidity and indoor ventilation once a week;

step two, grafting and temperature-controlled sand storage

Grafting site and time arrangement: in a sunlight greenhouse; from 11 months to 12 months;

and (3) ear strip finishing: taking out scion strips from the sand storage pool, trimming robust parts suitable for grafting as scions, wherein the length of the scions is 6-8cm, the thickness of the scions is more than 0.5cm, and 1-2 full and plump buds are reserved;

arranging rootstocks: selecting the roots of 3-4 year-old seedlings of the paeonia ostii as stocks, wherein the roots are required to be robust and have no diseases, insect pests or broken parts;

a sticking method: obliquely downwards cutting a knife at the position 3-4cm away from the lower end of the scion to form a knife, and flattening the cut surface; cutting off a bud sprout tiller part at the root neck position of a grafting root, and obliquely cutting a cut from the upper part to the lower part at the position of 3-4cm from the upper end of the stock by using a grafting knife at an angle of 30-45 degrees and with the depth reaching xylem; then the scion is stuck with the cut of the stock together, the cambium is ensured to be aligned and compressed, and the interface is bound firmly by a hemp rope;

the wound part of the grafted seedling is coated with sterilization healing-promoting slurry, and the wound part is fully wrapped by the slurry;

burying the bundled grafted seedlings in a temperature-controlled sand bed, wherein the thicknesses of sand layers at the upper end and the lower end of a seedling body are 10cm, and the temperature is controlled to be about 23 ℃; the sandy soil treatment and the humidity control are consistent with the preservation treatment method of the ear strips;

the temperature control healing time of the grafted seedlings is 20 days;

step three, closely planting in an arch shed

Planting field: the simple plastic arched shed has the sand thickness of more than 30 cm;

planting time: from 12 months to 1 month;

planting density: the grafted seedlings after wound healing are covered with river sand by 3-5cm at the top according to the plant spacing of 5cm and the row spacing of 10 cm; 13 thousands of seedlings can be planted in sand per mu;

root promoting measures: covering grass grids on the surface layer of the planted sandy soil, tightly buckling a plastic film of an arched shed when meeting cold, rain and snow weather, keeping the temperature of the sandy soil layer above 10 ℃, treating the sandy soil layer for 15-20 days by using a heat preservation measure, and spraying 1000 times of rooting powder on the sandy soil after planting to promote the grafted seedlings to rapidly root;

after the root promoting and warm keeping measures are finished, the grass grids and the plastic film heat preservation measures are removed, natural low temperature is received, the grafted seedlings are promoted to complete the vernalization, and the natural low temperature is received for more than 1 month according to the climate conditions of the planting field;

step four, intensive management and outplanting

Weeding and watering: weeding and watering in time according to the growth condition and drought degree of weeds;

and (3) pest control: in 5 to 8 months, the control of the diseases and the insect pests of the roots and the leaves is carried out in time, and the diseases of the leaves and the roots are prevented;

spraying the foliar fertilizer once every half month in 5 to 7 months;

in 6-8 parts of high-temperature weather in summer, shading by using a shading net with 70% light transmittance, and preventing the occurrence of sunscald diseases of the leaves;

and (5) sand planting seedlings in 9-10 months are taken out of the nursery for field planting.

2. The method for late-autumn grafting propagation of peony seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for pretreating the spike strips and the sandy soil comprises the following steps: dipping the ear strips in 700 times of solution of 75% wettable chlorothalonil powder for 10 minutes, taking out and airing the ear strips for sand storage; the sandy soil for covering the ear strips is moistened and sterilized by 0.03 percent potassium permanganate solution, the humidity of the sand is that the sand is kneaded into a ball by hands without dripping water, and the sand is loosened immediately.

3. The method for late-autumn grafting propagation of peony seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the roots of 3-4 year-old seedlings of Paeonia ostii are selected as stocks, the length is 13-17cm, and the thickness is 1.3-1.8 cm.

4. The method for late-autumn grafting propagation of peony seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps of coating sterilization healing-promoting slurry on the wound part of the grafted seedling in the second step: 4 parts of plant ash and 6 parts of clay, and fully mixing and stirring the clay and the plant ash into slurry by using 600 times of liquid of cytokinin and carbendazim.

5. The method for late-autumn grafting propagation of peony seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, a simple plastic arched shed is adopted, and the humidity in the shed is kept at 70% -85%; the sandy soil is prepared from 70% of river sand and 30% of grass carbon.