CN112273298A - Method for breeding rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content - Google Patents

Method for breeding rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112273298A
CN112273298A CN202011134943.5A CN202011134943A CN112273298A CN 112273298 A CN112273298 A CN 112273298A CN 202011134943 A CN202011134943 A CN 202011134943A CN 112273298 A CN112273298 A CN 112273298A
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water
shrimps
portions
rice field
rice
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黄庆明
毛竹青
孙权
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Hunan Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co ltd
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Hunan Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a breeding field; 2) treating the rice field; 3) improving the water quality; 4) stocking the seedlings; 5) feeding shrimp; 6) regulating and controlling the water quality; 7) and (5) breeding management. The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly provides a method for cultivating rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content, which has the advantages of no pollution, small investment, quick response, capability of fully improving the astaxanthin content, difficulty in disease infection of the lobsters, high survival rate and high growth speed.

Description

Method for breeding rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content.
Background
In recent years, the crayfish market is freshwater economic crayfishes, and is popular with people due to delicious meat taste. Due to the omnivorous property, the fast growth speed and the strong adaptability, the method forms an absolute competitive advantage in the local ecological environment. The food intake range of the feed comprises aquatic weeds, algae, aquatic insects, animal carcasses and the like, and the feed can kill the aquatic weeds, the algae, the aquatic insects, the animal carcasses and the like in case of shortage of food. Crayfish has become an important economic breed in china in recent years. With the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the requirements of people on living quality are higher and higher, the requirements on the quality of food and drink are also very high, and the demand of people on crayfish with rich nutritive value is also increased at a very rapid rate.
The crayfish contains astaxanthin, is a strong antioxidant, has the effects of resisting oxidation and tumors, preventing cancers, enhancing immunity, improving eyesight and the like, and promotes the wave of a third preventive medicine. The crayfish does not produce astaxanthin, astaxanthin is obtained mainly through food chains, namely edible microalgae and the like, and the crayfish continuously accumulates in vivo to produce super-strong oxidation resistance. When artificial breeding is carried out, the feed is mainly fed by wheat bran, fish meal, peanut cakes and clam shell powder, the fish meal and the clam shell contain more calcium components, but the astaxanthin content is very low, and the demand of the crayfish in the breeding process cannot be met. In the rice field breeding mode, water plants such as water hyacinth and water groundnut are transplanted in the rice field, so that the improvement of the astaxanthin content in the crayfish is facilitated, but the content of the astaxanthin in the water plants such as water hyacinth and water groundnut and the feed is low, and the requirement of the crayfish is difficult to meet; and the rice field plants soil, and organic component in soil and disperse in aquatic fodder organic component decompose into ammonia, make aquatic ammonia nitrogen content rise, and the water is easy to take place the eutrophication, causes the toxic effect to the crayfish, and because the water quality receives the pollution of different degree at present for crayfish living environment constantly worsens, leads to the crayfish very easily to infect the disease, awaits improving urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention provides a method for breeding rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content, which has the advantages of no pollution, small investment, quick response, capability of fully improving the astaxanthin content, difficult disease contamination of the lobsters, high survival rate and high growth speed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for breeding rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a breeding field: selecting a rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, strong water retention capacity and good ecological environment, heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is higher than the plane of the rice field by more than 50cm and the ridge width is 100 cm; u-shaped cultivation ditches are excavated along three adjacent sides of the inner side of a ridge of the rice field, the cultivation ditches are communicated with the rice field, a water inlet and a water outlet of the rice field are surrounded by double layers of 10-20 meshes of net sheets, two layers of nylon separation net barriers with 40 meshes are arranged on the ridge around the rice field, the net height is 0.8-1m, the lower end of the net is buried in the soil by 20 cm, and the escape of rice shrimps is reduced;
2) rice field treatment: sprinkling 30-40 g of quicklime water per square meter to disinfect the rice field in the step 1) when the water is hot; after 15 days, applying the decomposed organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 200-250 kg/mu, applying 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 20 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50kg of fresh hay wood ash per mu; inserting seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance, fertility resistance, growth in deep water and high yield into the sterilized rice field;
3) water quality improvement: planting aquatic plants in the culture ditch, and fixing the aquatic plants by using ropes or meshes to form a waterweed zone, wherein the area of the waterweed zone accounts for 25-40% of the water surface; applying biological fertilizer to the culture ditches and the rice field 2-3 times per month; by culturing aquatic plants in the culture ditches and the rice field, the shrimps are shielded, and part of aquatic algae can be used as natural bait for the shrimps to prey; meanwhile, the biological fertilizer is utilized to fertilize water, so that the growth of aquatic plants can be promoted, the photosynthesis is promoted, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is improved, the environment of the culture water body can be improved, and the survival rate and the growth rate of shrimps are improved;
4) fry stocking: 3-4 months, stocking shrimps which do not meet the market specification in the current year as a main part, stocking 1.5-2 million shrimps with 100-200 shrimps per kilogram per mu, and stocking enough shrimps in the same pond, wherein the young shrimps are required to be strong in physique, complete in appendage, free of injury and disease and strong in mobility, and the stocking specification of the same pond is consistent, and the shrimps are stocked at one time;
5) feeding shrimp: feeding decomposed cow dung once every half month, wherein the application amount of each mu is 50-100 kg, checking the submerged plant grass piles once every half month, feeding water plants once, feeding the feed 5-8% of the total weight of shrimps in the pond every day, and feeding the shrimps 2-3 times every day;
6) water quality regulation and control: the water level is kept between 1-1.2m in spring, and water is added once every 12-15 days, and each time, the water is added by 6-8 cm; the water level is kept at 1.3-1.5m in summer, water is changed every 6-10 days, and the water change amount is 1/3 of the pond water body every time;
7) cultivation management: pouring quicklime water regularly once a month, mainly improving the ph value and increasing the content of calcium ions in the water body; once a month, the ciliate bugs are sprinkled to prevent the lobster ciliate disease.
Further, the feed in the step 5) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 portions of fish meal, 32-35 portions of corn flour, 3-6 portions of whey protein, 12-14 portions of shrimp shell powder, 1-4 portions of rapeseed meal, 7-8 portions of sweet potato powder, 3-6 portions of silkworm chrysalis meal, 3-6 portions of freshwater mussel meat powder, 7-8 portions of pumpkin powder, 4-6 portions of sweet potato powder, 4-8 portions of calcium hydrophosphate, 6-12 portions of pine needle powder, 1-3 portions of shrimp inositol, 3-6 portions of borax, 2-3 portions of marine red yeast propagation liquid and 1-10 portions of seaweed powder.
Further, 3-4% of salt water is used for washing and bathing for 6-10min for disinfection when the offspring seeds in the step 4) are put in the stocking.
Further, the fry in the step 4) is put in the morning and evening or in rainy days to avoid the temperature difference damage of the shrimp fries.
By adopting the scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the method for breeding the rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content, disclosed by the invention, the astaxanthin content of the bred shrimps is effectively increased by planting the aquatic weeds in the breeding ditches and feeding the feed containing the freshwater mussel meat powder, the rhodotorula benthamii expanding culture solution, the shrimp shell powder and the seaweed powder, the pH value of the water quality of a rice field is ensured by regularly regulating and controlling the water quality, the infection of the lobsters is avoided, the survival rate of the shrimp larvae is high, and the growth speed is high.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method for breeding rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a breeding field: selecting a rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, strong water retention capacity and good ecological environment, heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is higher than the plane of the rice field by more than 50cm and the ridge width is 100 cm; u-shaped cultivation ditches are excavated along three adjacent sides of the inner side of a ridge of the rice field, the cultivation ditches are communicated with the rice field, a water inlet and a water outlet of the rice field are surrounded by double layers of 10-20 meshes of net sheets, two layers of nylon separation net barriers with 40 meshes are arranged on the ridge around the rice field, the net height is 0.8-1m, the lower end of the net is buried in the soil by 20 cm, and the escape of rice shrimps is reduced;
2) rice field treatment: sprinkling 30-40 g of quicklime water per square meter to disinfect the rice field in the step 1) when the water is hot; after 15 days, applying the decomposed organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 200-250 kg/mu, applying 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 20 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50kg of fresh hay wood ash per mu; inserting seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance, fertility resistance, growth in deep water and high yield into the sterilized rice field;
3) water quality improvement: planting aquatic plants in the culture ditch, and fixing the aquatic plants by using ropes or meshes to form a waterweed zone, wherein the area of the waterweed zone accounts for 25-40% of the water surface; applying biological fertilizer to the culture ditches and the rice field 2-3 times per month; by culturing aquatic plants in the culture ditches and the rice field, the shrimps are shielded, and part of aquatic algae can be used as natural bait for the shrimps to prey; meanwhile, the biological fertilizer is utilized to fertilize water, so that the growth of aquatic plants can be promoted, the photosynthesis is promoted, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is improved, the environment of the culture water body can be improved, and the survival rate and the growth rate of shrimps are improved;
4) fry stocking: 3-4 months, stocking shrimps which do not meet the market specification in the current year as a main part, stocking 1.5-2 million shrimps with 100-200 shrimps per kilogram per mu, and stocking enough shrimps in the same pond, wherein the young shrimps are required to be strong in physique, complete in appendage, free of injury and disease and strong in mobility, and the stocking specification of the same pond is consistent, and the shrimps are stocked at one time;
5) feeding shrimp: feeding decomposed cow dung once every half month, wherein the application amount of each mu is 50-100 kg, checking the submerged plant grass piles once every half month, feeding water plants once, feeding the feed 5-8% of the total weight of shrimps in the pond every day, and feeding the shrimps 2-3 times every day;
6) water quality regulation and control: the water level is kept between 1-1.2m in spring, and water is added once every 12-15 days, and each time, the water is added by 6-8 cm; the water level is kept at 1.3-1.5m in summer, water is changed every 6-10 days, and the water change amount is 1/3 of the pond water body every time;
7) cultivation management: pouring quicklime water regularly once a month, mainly improving the ph value and increasing the content of calcium ions in the water body; once a month, the ciliate bugs are sprinkled to prevent the lobster ciliate disease.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for breeding rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a breeding field: selecting a rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, strong water retention capacity and good ecological environment, heightening and reinforcing the ridge of the rice field to ensure that the ridge is higher than the plane of the rice field by more than 50cm and the ridge width is 100 cm; excavating a U-shaped cultivation ditch along three adjacent sides of the inner side of a ridge of the rice field, wherein the cultivation ditch is communicated with the rice field, a water inlet and a water outlet of the rice field are surrounded by double layers of 10-20 mesh net sheets, two layers of nylon separation net barriers with 40 meshes are arranged on the ridge around the rice field, the net height is 0.8-1m, and the lower end of the net is buried in the soil by 20 cm;
2) rice field treatment: sprinkling 30-40 g of quicklime water per square meter to disinfect the rice field in the step 1) when the water is hot; after 15 days, applying the decomposed organic fertilizer according to the proportion of 200-250 kg/mu, applying 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 20 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50kg of fresh hay wood ash per mu; inserting seedlings of rice varieties with strong stems, lodging resistance, disease resistance, fertility resistance, growth in deep water and high yield into the sterilized rice field;
3) water quality improvement: planting aquatic plants in the culture ditch, and fixing the aquatic plants by using ropes or meshes to form a waterweed zone, wherein the area of the waterweed zone accounts for 25-40% of the water surface; applying biological fertilizer to the culture ditches and the rice field 2-3 times per month;
4) fry stocking: 3-4 months, stocking shrimps which do not meet the market specification in the current year as a main part, stocking 1.5-2 million shrimps with 100-200 shrimps per kilogram per mu, and stocking enough shrimps in the same pond, wherein the young shrimps are required to be strong in physique, complete in appendage, free of injury and disease and strong in mobility, and the stocking specification of the same pond is consistent, and the shrimps are stocked at one time;
5) feeding shrimp: feeding decomposed cow dung once every half month, wherein the application amount of each mu is 50-100 kg, checking the submerged plant grass piles once every half month, feeding water plants once, feeding the feed 5-8% of the total weight of shrimps in the pond every day, and feeding the shrimps 2-3 times every day;
6) water quality regulation and control: the water level is kept between 1-1.2m in spring, and water is added once every 12-15 days, and each time, the water is added by 6-8 cm; the water level is kept at 1.3-1.5m in summer, water is changed every 6-10 days, and the water change amount is 1/3 of the pond water body every time;
7) cultivation management: pouring quicklime water regularly once a month; every month, the pesticide is sprinkled once.
2. The method for cultivating rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content according to claim 1, wherein the feed of step 5) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 portions of fish meal, 32-35 portions of corn flour, 3-6 portions of whey protein, 12-14 portions of shrimp shell powder, 1-4 portions of rapeseed meal, 7-8 portions of sweet potato powder, 3-6 portions of silkworm chrysalis meal, 3-6 portions of freshwater mussel meat powder, 7-8 portions of pumpkin powder, 4-6 portions of sweet potato powder, 4-8 portions of calcium hydrophosphate, 6-12 portions of pine needle powder, 1-3 portions of shrimp inositol, 3-6 portions of borax, 2-3 portions of marine red yeast propagation liquid and 1-10 portions of seaweed powder.
3. The method for cultivating rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content according to claim 1, wherein the young shrimps in the step 4) are sterilized by 3-4% salt solution for 6-10 min.
4. The method for cultivating rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings in step 4) are put in the morning and evening or in rainy days.
CN202011134943.5A 2020-10-21 2020-10-21 Method for breeding rice shrimps with high astaxanthin content Pending CN112273298A (en)

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CN102771417A (en) * 2012-06-29 2012-11-14 金寨县金圩龙虾养殖专业合作社 Method enabling red swamp crayfish cultivated in rice field to grow fast
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Application publication date: 20210129