CN112493188A - Rice and shrimp crop rotation ecological breeding method - Google Patents
Rice and shrimp crop rotation ecological breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112493188A CN112493188A CN202011429711.2A CN202011429711A CN112493188A CN 112493188 A CN112493188 A CN 112493188A CN 202011429711 A CN202011429711 A CN 202011429711A CN 112493188 A CN112493188 A CN 112493188A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice and shrimp crop rotation ecological breeding method, which comprises the following steps: 101. reforming a field, 102, irrigating water, 103, planting water plants, 104, stocking lobster fries, 105, controlling water level, 106, fishing grown shrimps, 107, planting rice and 108, and harvesting the rice. The invention relates to a symbiosis complementary principle between animals and plants, which utilizes a substance circulation system in the nature, takes rice as a main part through a corresponding breeding technology and overcomes the problems of land competition between shrimps and rice, variety degradation and quality reduction in the existing symbiotic technology of rice and shrimps.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preservation and transportation of crayfish, and particularly relates to a live freezing method convenient for preservation and transportation of crayfish.
Background
Diseases, insect pests and weeds are increasingly serious along with the deterioration of the rice planting environment. In the traditional production, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used, which not only brings hidden troubles to rice eating, but also causes environmental pollution due to a large amount of fertilizer application and pesticide spraying. The state requires that straws are returned to the field, the straws are rotten and fermented in soil, a large amount of hydrogen sulfide gas is generated in the fermentation process to erode rice roots, poor development and tillering of the rice roots are caused, the yield is reduced, and meanwhile, insect eggs live on the rice straws, so that the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests in the next year can be greatly increased. In addition, the cap which pollutes water quality and destroys ecological environment is buckled on the independent shrimp culture quilt. At present, the food safety, the food quality, the ecological environmental effect of agriculture and the resource restriction are concerned more and more widely. High efficiency of output, safe product, resource saving and environmental protection become the targets of modern agriculture development in China.
Therefore, in order to improve the planting efficiency of crops, avoid excessive development of the land, and perform green planting for protecting the environment, various integrated planting schemes such as a rice-shrimp co-cropping mode in which shrimps and rice are mixed for planting and breeding have been developed.
The traditional rice and shrimp co-farming mode needs to dig a groove in a field and only keeps a small planting area, so that the problem of land contention between shrimps and rice exists, harvesting of rice in the later period is troublesome, the attribute of the basic farmland of the field is changed, and the safety of staple food is influenced.
At present, the rice field breeding method and the mode are improper, the produced crayfishes generally have the defects of small individuals, poor color, degraded varieties and more diseases, and the crayfishes bred in the rice field are fed with the artificially compounded feed more, so that the produced crayfishes are poor in taste and nutrition and cannot reach the nutrition of natural crayfishes. Meanwhile, the yield of the rice is low, and the quality is general.
Therefore, there is a need for improvements in current rice and shrimp farming models to improve the rice product and quality, as well as the crayfish quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a rice and shrimp rotation ecological breeding method, which provides a novel rice and shrimp planting mode with rice planting as the main part and lobster breeding as the auxiliary part and without digging a circular ditch in a rice field, and solves the problems of serious shrimp degeneration, low immunity, uneven quality, late marketing time, no concentration, low price, ditching, digging grooves, occupying farmland area, influencing rice yield and quality and the like in the traditional rice and shrimp rotation procambarus clarkia breeding mode,
the invention also aims to provide a rice and shrimp crop rotation ecological breeding method, which increases the growth and breeding space of rice and crayfish and improves the quality of rice products and crayfish by modifying a novel field project and setting a novel field mode.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by:
a rice and shrimp crop rotation ecological breeding method comprises the following steps:
101. the field is reformed, the original land is reformed into a rectangular field, no groove is dug, the nature of the basic field is not changed,
furthermore, the land is ploughed by a land ploughing machine to form a rectangular farmland, and outer ridges with the depth of about 0.8m and about 2.5m are widened around the farmland for protection. In general, the land is selected from fields with low address, continuous land, relatively flat, convenient water inlet, good water quality, fertile land and good water retention.
102. Irrigating; irrigating water by a water pump to enable the water level to be about 20cm so as to plant aquatic weeds conveniently;
103. planting water plants, wherein the water plants are mainly Yilecao;
in the process of planting the aquatic weeds, the water level control and the growth management of the weeds are enhanced, and no pesticide or chemical fertilizer is used. The water level control means that the water level is kept at about 20cm, and the error of the water level does not exceed 2 cm.
104. Stocking young lobsters, observing water and aquatic weeds, and keeping the water clear, wherein the young lobsters can be stocked when the diameter of the aquatic weeds reaches about 60 cm.
Wherein 2800 and 3200 shrimp fries are released and cultured per mu, the shrimp fries are not too dense, and the quality of the shrimps is affected by the too dense shrimp fries.
The national requirements require that straws are returned to the field, the straws are decayed and fermented in soil, a large amount of hydrogen sulfide gas is generated in the fermentation process to erode rice roots, the poor development and tillering of the rice roots are insufficient, the yield is reduced, and meanwhile, insect eggs live on the rice straws, so that the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests in the next year can be greatly increased. The rice and shrimp rotation solves the problem that rice is damaged by straw returning, worm eggs on the straw are good ear feed for lobsters, and the straw is rotted in the field to generate a large amount of organic fertilizer to supply water and grass. The feed is supplied for feeding the procambarus clarkii, the feed needs to be supplemented appropriately in the early stage, the feeding is ensured to be in place, and the growth vigor of the procambarus clarkii is observed.
105. The water level is controlled and kept for 150-200 days to give enough growth time for the crayfishes. Meanwhile, the water level is adjusted, the growth vigor of the aquatic weeds needs to be vigorous, and the lobsters need to be prevented from damaging the growth of the aquatic weeds.
106. Fishing the grown shrimps by adopting a trawl, then discharging water and drying in the sun, and simultaneously fermenting organic fertilizer by artificially controlling the aquatic weeds, the lobster excrement and the feed residues and ploughing the field blocks.
After the shrimps are caught, the field cleaning work is carried out, the crayfishes basically eat weeds and pests, abundant shrimp manure is left, the organic fertilizer of the shrimp field is well managed, and the loss is prevented.
107. Planting rice, well managing the rice field, controlling the water level (the water level is 3-5cm as a standard), manually cleaning weeds in the shrimp-cultivating field, taking rice field insect prevention measures, installing an insect killing lamp, and manually pulling a net to repel insects by using a rope about 15 days per mu.
108. And (5) harvesting the rice.
Wherein, the crayfish is bred and separated, and the preparation for breeding the crayfish is made in advance. And constructing an artificial seedling raising pool in a greenhouse form, and artificially and controllably breeding and raising seedlings.
Further, after harvesting the rice, returning the straws to the field, turning over the field block, and preparing for culturing waterweeds and shrimps.
Further, the farmland is subjected to sunning and sterilization operations so as to facilitate the planting of aquatic weeds and the breeding of crayfish.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the safety of staple food grains is ensured: does not need to dig ditches and open slots, does not change the basic farmland attribute, does not fight for the field between shrimps and rice, and has the yield of rice per mu of 1000 jin to 1200 jin.
2. High quality and good price: the produced crayfish has high quality and can be sold at a higher price. The rice has good quality, no pesticide and fertilizer, green and ecological rice, and is deeply welcomed by consumers.
3. Resource saving and environmental protection: ecological breeding, the shrimps eat weeds and pests in the bare field, organic manure is left, pesticides and fertilizers are not needed in the whole process of rice planting, harvesting is very convenient, cost is greatly reduced, and the ecological environment is very friendly.
4. The risk is low: low-density cultivation (3000 crayfish/mu), high survival rate. Meanwhile, the death peak period of the crayfishes in 5 months per year is staggered, and the periodic phenomena of more diseases and difficult cultivation caused by continuous cultivation are effectively avoided.
5. The living environment is good: one crop is absorbed in each season, no groove is formed, the living environment of the lobsters is better, and the growth environment of the rice is better.
In addition, the invention does not need to change the basic field attribute, the rice and shrimp crop rotation and the ecological balance are maintained, and the high-quality finished shrimp and green ecological rice can be produced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a field in which the present invention is implemented.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of crayfish breeding and rice planting realized by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the rice and shrimp crop rotation ecological breeding method realized by the invention comprises the following specific implementation steps:
101. and (3) reforming a field, reforming a grid field square on the original field block, not digging grooves, not changing the properties of the basic field, widening outer ridges about 2.5m and about 0.8m deep around the field, and as shown in figure 1.
For example, after the rice is harvested in about 11 th of the year, the straw is returned to the field, and the field is ploughed to prepare for shrimp culture.
Then, the fields are sunned and the operation of disinfection is carried out, so as to be convenient for planting aquatic weeds and breeding crayfishes.
102. Irrigating; irrigating water by a water pump to ensure that the water level is about 20cm, so as to be convenient for planting aquatic weeds.
103. Planting water plants, wherein the water plants are mainly Yilecao;
in the process of planting the aquatic weeds, the water level control and the growth management of the weeds are enhanced, and no pesticide or chemical fertilizer is used. The water level control means that the water level is kept at about 20cm, and the error of the water level does not exceed 2 cm.
For example, the water level control and the growth management of the grass are enhanced from 12 months to 2 months and 20 days in the next year, and no pesticide or chemical fertilizer is used in the process.
104. Stocking young lobsters, observing water and aquatic weeds, and stocking young lobsters when the water quality is clear and the diameter of the aquatic weeds reaches about 60 cm.
The lobster fries are placed about 20 days in 2 months, about 3000 shrimps per mu, the shrimp fries are not too dense, the quality of the shrimps is influenced due to the too dense shrimps, the shrimps cannot be grown, and the selling price of the adult shrimps is influenced.
Before the process, the crayfish is bred and separated, and the preparation for breeding the crayfish is made. And an artificial breeding pond is constructed in a greenhouse mode, and the crayfishes are cultivated through the artificial breeding pond so as to be bred in an artificial and controllable mode.
105. The water level is controlled and kept for 150-200 days to give enough growth time for the crayfishes. For example, the water level is controlled by paying attention to the management of the shrimp field from 2 months and 20 days to 5 months and 20 days.
The water level is adjusted according to the growth period of the lobsters, which is the prior art for breeding the lobsters and is not described in detail herein. The growth of the aquatic weeds needs to be vigorous, and the lobsters need to be prevented from damaging the growth of the aquatic weeds.
106. Fishing the grown shrimps by adopting a trawl, then draining water and drying the shrimps in the field, and simultaneously fermenting organic fertilizer by manually controlling the water plants, the lobster excrement and the feed residues in the shrimp field and ploughing the field blocks.
A large amount of organic fertilizers generated by straws and aquatic weeds are used for feeding the procambarus clarkii, the feed of the procambarus clarkii needs to be supplemented appropriately in the early stage, the feeding is ensured to be in place, and the recent growth of the lobsters is observed.
And fishing grown shrimps for sale in 5 months, and simultaneously performing early-stage work of rice planting, such as rice seeding and seedling raising and seedling field management.
After the shrimps are caught, the field is cleaned, drained and sunned, and the field block is ploughed. In the shrimp field, crayfish basically eats weeds and pests, abundant shrimp manure is left, organic fertilizer in the shrimp field is managed, and loss is prevented.
107. Planting rice, well managing the rice field, controlling the water level (the water level is 3-5cm as a standard), manually cleaning the shrimp-cultivating field without growing weeds, if a small amount of weeds are left, well taking grass-prevention and insect-prevention measures for the rice field, installing an insect-killing lamp, and manually pulling a net by using a rope to repel insects about 15 days per mu.
For example, transplanting is started in 6 months.
And (4) performing field management on the rice in 6-11 months, controlling the water level well, manually clearing weeds in the shrimp-farming field if a small amount of weeds are not grown, performing insect prevention measures on the rice field, installing an insect killing lamp, and manually pulling a net to repel insects by using a rope about 15 days per mu.
108. And (5) harvesting the rice.
For example, rice is harvested in 11 months, thereby completing one cycle of lobster breeding and rice planting, as shown in fig. 2.
In a word, the rotation complementation principle between animals and plants utilizes a natural substance circulation system, takes rice as a main part through a corresponding breeding technology, and overcomes the problems of land competition between shrimps and rice, variety degradation and quality reduction in the existing rice and shrimp symbiotic technology. The rice and the shrimps alternately grow in a high-quality environment, so that the aims of keeping ecological balance and improving the culture benefit are fulfilled. By utilizing the harmful organisms in the shrimp predation rice field and utilizing the growth of rice to absorb the nutrition in the water body, the water quality is purified, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, the influence of the breeding wastewater on the outside is reduced, the effects of dredging, submerging, reducing consumption, reducing pollution and reducing investment are realized, the ecological environment is protected, the rice yield is ensured, and the large environmental requirement of the state for ensuring the safety of staple food grains is met.
Compared with the traditional mode, the invention can ensure that the output of the crayfish is about 200 jin/mu, the quality of the finished crayfish is superior, the vitality is strong, and the price is superior to the market price; and simultaneously, 1000 jin/mu of high-quality rice is harvested, no pesticide is applied and no chemical fertilizer is applied in the whole process, the expenses of the pesticide and the chemical fertilizer are saved, the cost is greatly reduced, the pesticide residue and the soil pollution are reduced, the rice quality is high, and the rice is popular with consumers. Comprehensively considering, the novel mode not only has economic benefits more than twice of that of conventional planting, but also reduces pollution, does not need ditching, ensures the safety of staple food, prevents shrimps from fighting with rice, and has huge ecological benefits and social benefits.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A rice and shrimp crop rotation ecological breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
101. the field is reformed, the original land is reformed into a rectangular field, the shrimp feeding is convenient, the groove digging is not needed, the basic field property is not changed,
102. irrigating; irrigating water by a water pump to enable the water level to be about 20cm so as to plant aquatic weeds conveniently;
103. planting water plants, wherein the water plants are mainly Yilecao;
104. stocking the lobster fries, and when the diameter of the aquatic weeds reaches about 60cm, stocking the lobster fries;
wherein 2800-;
105. the water level is controlled and kept for 150-200 days to give enough growth time for the crayfishes. Meanwhile, the water level is adjusted, the growth vigor of the aquatic weeds needs to be vigorous when the lobsters grow at different times and different water levels, and the lobsters are prevented from damaging the growth of the aquatic weeds.
106. Fishing the shrimps by adopting a trawl;
107. planting rice, well managing the rice in the field, and controlling the water level, wherein the water level is 3-5cm as a standard;
108. and (5) harvesting the rice.
2. The method for ecological cultivation of rice and shrimp in crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 101, the land is plowed by a land plowing machine to form a rectangular farmland, and outer banks with a depth of about 0.8m and a width of about 2.5m are widened around the farmland to protect the farmland.
3. The method for ecological cultivation of rice and shrimp in rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 103, the water level is controlled by keeping the water level at about 20cm, and the error of the water level does not exceed 2 cm.
4. The method for ecological cultivation of rice and shrimp in crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein after said 106 steps, the fields are drained and sunned, and the field is ploughed.
5. The method for the rotation ecological cultivation of rice and shrimp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lobster fries are cultivated and separated, and artificial breeding ponds are constructed in a greenhouse manner for artificial controllable breeding.
6. The method for ecological cultivation of rice and shrimp in crop rotation as claimed in claim 1, wherein after 106 steps, after harvesting the rice, the straw is returned to the field, the field is ploughed, the preparation for water and grass cultivation and shrimp cultivation is made, and simultaneously the water and grass, the lobster feces and the feed residue are fermented into the organic fertilizer through manual control.
7. The method for ecological cultivation of rice and shrimp in crop rotation as claimed in claim 6, wherein after the field is ploughed, the field is further exposed to sun and sterilization for planting water plants and cultivating crayfish.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 107, field for shrimp culture needs to be taken to take rice field pest control measures, install pest killing lamps, and manually pull the net with ropes to catch the pests about 15 days per acre.
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| CN113647349A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-11-16 | 宜宾市海德水产科技有限公司 | Rice and shrimp comprehensive planting and breeding method based on non-furrow rice field transformation |
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- 2020-12-09 CN CN202011429711.2A patent/CN112493188A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113647349A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-11-16 | 宜宾市海德水产科技有限公司 | Rice and shrimp comprehensive planting and breeding method based on non-furrow rice field transformation |
| CN113711875A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-11-30 | 浙江吴越农业股份有限公司 | Technical method for crop rotation cultivation of shrimp and rice |
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