CN112219665B - Annual matching planting method for wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean - Google Patents
Annual matching planting method for wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean Download PDFInfo
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- CN112219665B CN112219665B CN202011097064.XA CN202011097064A CN112219665B CN 112219665 B CN112219665 B CN 112219665B CN 202011097064 A CN202011097064 A CN 202011097064A CN 112219665 B CN112219665 B CN 112219665B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The application discloses a year-round matched planting method for wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean, the interplanting of the fresh corn and the fresh soybean is more favorable for shortening the planting period, the multiple cropping index is improved, the fresh soybean is interplanted among rows of the fresh corn, the growth of the fresh soybean is promoted by utilizing the crop competition complementary relation, and the self-toxicity of the fresh soybean is effectively relieved by utilizing the annual alternation of the planting rows of the fresh soybean and the planting rows of the fresh corn. The invention solves the problems of unreasonable light and temperature resource matching, un-combination of land cultivation and unfavorable sustainable development in the existing agricultural soybean and corn production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a year-round matched planting method for wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean.
Background
The Yangtze river downstream area has high population density and developed economy, the dietary structure of people is changed, and the market demand of nutritional type and health-care type foods is gradually increased. The planting structure in production also changes according to market demands, the planting habit of soybeans and corns is changed from harvesting dry seed planting to harvesting fresh food ears, fresh pods and the like, but the problems of unreasonable light and temperature resource matching, un-combined land cultivation and the like exist in production, and the sustainable development is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the wheat, the fresh corn and the annual matching planting method of the fresh soybean are provided, so that the problems that the light-temperature resource matching is unreasonable, the land cultivation is not combined and the sustainable development is not facilitated in the existing agricultural soybean and corn production are solved.
In order to realize the purpose, the annual matching planting method of the wheat, the fresh corn and the fresh soybean comprises the following steps:
in the middle and last 10 months, sowing wheat in a field, and harvesting the wheat in the 6 th and last months of the next year;
after the wheat is harvested, sowing fresh corn in the field in a wide-narrow row mode, wherein the position of the planting row of the fresh corn in the next year deviates by a preset distance from the position of the planting row of the fresh corn in the current year, and planting orychophragmus violaceus in the wide row of the fresh corn;
harvesting the corn ears of the fresh corn, planting cowpeas in narrow rows of the fresh corn, and allowing the straws of the fresh corn to climb the cowpeas;
turning said February into said wide row in mid-8 th of the month, and after said cowpea is picked, cutting up said freshly eaten corn stover and said cowpea vine and turning said cowpea vine into said narrow row;
after the February is ploughed in the wide row, planting fresh soybean in the wide row, and after the fresh soybean is picked, chopping the straw of the fresh soybean and returning the chopped straw to the field for planting the wheat in the next year.
Further, when the step of cutting and turning the fresh corn stalks and the cowpeas into the narrow rows is performed, buried furrows are dug in the narrow rows, the fresh corn stalks and the cowpeas are cut into the buried furrows, and soil is covered.
Further, the width of the wide rows of the fresh corn is 200cm, and the width of the narrow rows of the fresh corn is 50 cm.
Further, the width of the buried channel is 40 cm.
Further, the preset distance is 25 cm-40 cm.
Further, the wheat is planted by drill seeding.
The method has the beneficial effects that the wheat, the fresh corn and the fresh soybean are planted in a matched manner all the year round, and the interplanting of the fresh corn and the fresh soybean is more beneficial to shortening the planting period and improving the multiple cropping index; fresh soybeans are interplanted among fresh corn rows, and the growth of the fresh soybeans is promoted by utilizing the crop competitive complementation relation; the annual alternation of the planting rows of the fresh-eating soybeans and the planting rows of the fresh-eating corns is utilized, so that the self-toxicity of the fresh-eating soybeans is effectively relieved; provides a method for changing dry grains into fresh foods for corn and soybean crops, and fully improves the planting economic benefit; the nitrogen-fixing soil-raising capability of the soybean is exerted, and the use amount of nitrogen fertilizers for wheat and corn is reduced; provides a method for returning wheat straws and green corn straws to the field, realizes the combination of land cultivation and land cultivation, and realizes the sustainable development of agricultural production.
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Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of annual mating planting evolution of wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the positional offset of the rows for planting fresh corn in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of annual supporting planting evolution of wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean in the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of positional deviation of a planting row of fresh corn in the embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a year-round matched planting method for wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean, comprising the following steps:
s1: in the middle and late 10 months, wheat 2 was sown in field 1, and wheat 2 was harvested in the first 6 months of the following year.
The invention relates to a method for planting wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean in a matched way in a anniversary, which takes the middle and last ten days of 10 months as a starting point and the middle and last ten days of the next 10 months as an end point.
In this example, wheat 2 was grown by drill.
Specifically, wheat is planted in drill seeding mode, the row spacing is about 15cm, the wheat is planted in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, the seed consumption per mu is about 10kg, the wheat is applied by taking a compound fertilizer (the N-P-K ratio is 15: 15: 15) as a base fertilizer, the seed consumption per mu is 30kg, and a drainage ditch is timely opened after seeding. The wheat is planted by adopting conventional pest control, 5 kg/mu of urea is applied in the seedling stage, and 10 kg/mu of urea is applied in the jointing stage. The wheat is harvested at the end of 5 months and at the beginning of 6 months in the next year, and the harvested wheat straws are cut up and ploughed uniformly and returned to the field.
S2: after the wheat 2 is harvested, the fresh corn 3 is sown in the field 1 in a wide-narrow row mode, the position of the planting row of the fresh corn 3 in the next year deviates by a preset distance c from the position of the planting row of the fresh corn 3 in the current year, and the orychophragmus violaceus is planted in the wide row a of the fresh corn 3.
In this embodiment, the planting of wide narrow row is for the planting of the unequal interval between two adjacent lines of fresh food maize, and two adjacent intervals are a big interval and a booth apart from the setting, and in a field, big interval and booth apart from setting up in turn.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, fresh corn is planted in a wide-narrow row manner about 6 months and 15 days. The width of the wide rows of the fresh corn (i.e., the distance between two rows of the wide rows of the fresh corn) is 200cm, and the width of the narrow rows of the fresh corn (i.e., the distance between two rows of the narrow rows of the fresh corn) is 50 cm.
When the fresh corn is planted in the next year, the position of the planting row of the fresh corn is shifted by a preset distance along one direction. The preset distance is 25 cm-40 cm. Referring to fig. 2, the planting row 32 of fresh corn in the next year is offset by a preset distance c from the planting row 31 of fresh corn in the current year, so that the planting positions of the fresh corn in each year are staggered.
In the present embodiment, the preset distance c is 30 cm.
Fresh corn is selected from waxy corn varieties, the planting density is 3500 strains/mu, the application amount of the fresh corn base fertilizer is 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, the application amount of the seed fertilizer and the ear fertilizer is respectively 20 kg/mu and 5 kg/mu of urea, and the conventional pest control is adopted.
S3: and harvesting the corncobs of the fresh corns 3, planting the cowpeas in the narrow rows b of the fresh corns 3, and climbing the cowpeas by the straws of the fresh corns 3.
Harvesting fresh corn ears from fresh corn in the middle ten days of 8 months, and harvesting fresh corn stalks temporarily without harvesting. Before harvesting the fresh corn ears, cowpeas are sown in narrow rows of fresh corn planting rows. Cane of cowpea climbs on corn stalk.
S4: in 8-month middle ten days, turning February into wide rows a, and after cowpea is picked, cutting up the stalk of fresh corn 3 and vine of cowpea and turning into narrow rows b.
After the cowpeas are picked, the straws of the fresh corn 3 and the vine manns of the cowpeas are cut up and vertical to the narrow rows of the fresh corn, and the straws are buried in the ditches and returned to the field.
Specifically, a buried ditch 4 is dug in a narrow row b of fresh corn, straws of the fresh corn 3 and vines of cowpeas are shredded in the buried ditch for 4 minutes, and soil is covered.
The buried trench 4 has a depth of 40cm and a width of 20 cm. In the next year, along with the position deviation of the fresh corn planting rows, the corresponding position deviation of the buried ditches also occurs.
For February planted in the wide row of fresh corn, the February was plowed in the wide row a in the middle 8 th month.
S5: after the orychophragmus violaceus is ploughed in the wide row a, the fresh soybeans 5 are planted in the wide row a, and after the fresh soybeans 5 are picked, the straws of the fresh soybeans 5 are cut and returned to the field for planting the wheat 2 in the next year.
After the orychophragmus violaceus is ploughed in the wide row a, the fresh soybeans 5 are planted in the wide row a of the fresh corns.
Fresh soybeans are planted in the first ten days of 8 months, and are interplanted in the wide rows of fresh corns. The row spacing of fresh soybean is 45cm, the planting density is 12000 plants/mu, and the conventional pest control is realized.
Harvesting fresh soybean in the last ten days of 10 months, cutting up the straw of the fresh soybean 5, uniformly ploughing and returning the straw to the field for planting the wheat 2 in the next year.
According to the annual matching planting method for the wheat, the fresh corn and the fresh soybean, the interplanting of the fresh corn and the fresh soybean is more beneficial to shortening the planting period and improving the multiple cropping index.
The invention relates to a year-round matching planting method for wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean, which utilizes the interplant of the fresh soybean among rows of the fresh corn and utilizes the competitive complementary relationship of crops to promote the growth of the fresh soybean.
The annual matching planting method of the wheat, the fresh corn and the fresh soybean effectively relieves the self-toxicity of the fresh soybean by utilizing the annual alternation of the planting rows of the fresh soybean and the planting rows of the fresh corn.
The annual matching planting method for wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean provides a method for changing dry grains into fresh grains for corn and soybean crops, and fully improves the planting economic benefit.
The annual matching planting method for wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean of the invention exerts the nitrogen fixation and soil-keeping ability of soybean and reduces the nitrogen fertilizer usage amount of wheat and corn.
The annual matching planting method for wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean provides a method for returning wheat straw and green corn straw to the field, realizes combination of land and soil cultivation, and realizes sustainable development of agricultural production.
According to the annual matching planting method for the wheat, the fresh corn and the fresh soybean, the soil fertility is recovered by using the cowpea and the orychophragmus violaceus as green manure, the root systems of the cowpea and the orychophragmus violaceus are developed, soil organic matters can be greatly increased, the soil structure is improved, and the soil fertility is improved; the insoluble nutrient in the soil can be converted to be beneficial to the absorption and utilization of crops, and the secretion of green manure crops in the growth process and organic acid generated by decomposition after turning over and pressing can convert the insoluble phosphorus and potassium in the soil into effective phosphorus and potassium which can be utilized by the crops; can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil. After the green manure is turned into the soil, the green manure is continuously decomposed under the action of microorganisms, besides a large amount of effective nutrients are released, humus is formed, the humus and calcium are combined to enable the soil to be cemented into a granular structure, the soil with the granular structure is loose, breathable, strong in water and fertilizer retention capacity, good in water, fertilizer, gas and heat regulation performance and beneficial to crop growth; the fertilizer can promote the activity of soil microbes, and after the green manure is applied to the soil, the fresh organic energy substances are added, so that the microbes can be rapidly propagated, the activity is enhanced, the formation of humus is promoted, the nutrients are effective, and the soil curing is accelerated. The cowpea can also increase nitrogen in soil.
In addition, the cowpea and the orychophragmus violaceus are used as mixed green manure, more than two kinds of green manure crops, namely leguminous green manure and non-leguminous green manure are simultaneously sowed in a mixed mode in the same land, and the vine growth and the vertical green manure are planted in a mixed mode, so that nutrients can be adjusted among the green manure, vine stems can climb up the vertical green manure, fields are ventilated and transparent, and the soil improvement effect is good.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A year-round matching planting method for wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the middle and last 10 months, sowing wheat in a field, and harvesting the wheat in the 6 th and last months of the next year;
after the wheat is harvested, sowing fresh corn in the field in a wide-narrow row mode, wherein the position of the planting row of the fresh corn in the next year deviates by a preset distance from the position of the planting row of the fresh corn in the current year, and planting orychophragmus violaceus in the wide row of the fresh corn;
harvesting corn ears of the fresh corn in the middle ten days of 8 months, planting cowpeas in narrow rows of the fresh corn, and allowing the straws of the fresh corn to climb by the cowpeas;
turning said February into said wide row in mid-8 th of the month, and after said cowpea is picked, cutting up said freshly eaten corn stover and said cowpea vine and turning said cowpea vine into said narrow row;
after the February is ploughed in the wide row, planting fresh soybean in the wide row, and after the fresh soybean is picked, chopping the straw of the fresh soybean and returning the chopped straw to the field for planting the wheat in the next year.
2. The method for annually interplanting wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean according to claim 1, wherein the step of cutting and turning up the stalks of fresh corn and the vines of cowpea in the narrow row is performed by digging furrows in the narrow row, cutting up the stalks of fresh corn and the vines of cowpea in the furrowed bell, and covering the furrowed bell with the furrows.
3. The annual mating planting method of wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean according to claim 2, wherein the width of the wide rows of the fresh corn is 200cm, and the width of the narrow rows of the fresh corn is 50 cm.
4. The annual mating planting method of wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean according to claim 3, wherein the width of the buried channel is 40 cm.
5. The annual mating planting method of wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean according to claim 3, wherein the preset distance is 25 cm-40 cm.
6. The annual complete planting method for wheat, fresh corn and fresh soybean according to claim 1, wherein the wheat is planted by drill seeding.
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| CN102626027A (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-08-08 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Method for removing continuous cropping obstacles of greenhouse protected field |
| CN103392471B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2014-10-22 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Huang-Huai-Hai region wheat tilling-free maize-tilling one-year grain high-yield cultivation method |
| CN104919995B (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2017-09-19 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | The fertilizer application method of soil in a kind of Wheat/Maize soybean intercropping and interplanting system |
| CN105340543A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-02-24 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Super-effective double-cropping plantation mode for green soy beans and fresh-eating corns in one year |
| CN108651189A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-16 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of three crops per annual wheat, corn and the efficient implantation methods of soybean intercropping and interplanting |
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