CN112167182B

CN112167182B - Rice field earthworm cage culture system and method

Info

Publication number: CN112167182B
Application number: CN202011214937.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吕卫光; 郑宪清; 张翰林; 李双喜; 张娟琴; 白娜玲; 张海韵; 张月
Original assignee: Shanghai Lanhui Agricultural Ecological Science & Technology Co ltd; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Shanghai Lanhui Agricultural Ecological Science & Technology Co ltd; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-11-04
Filing date: 2020-11-04
Publication date: 2022-07-08
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-04
Also published as: CN112167182A

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for cage culture of earthworms in a rice field, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in a rice field, net cages are placed at a position 10-50cm close to ridges before rice planting is flooded, the net cages are arranged along the ridges, breeding soil is contained in the net cages, the breeding soil comprises soil and organic fertilizers, and the weight ratio of the soil to the organic fertilizers is 1: 0.1 to 1; organic waste is covered on the breeding soil, the distance between the rice in the rice field and the net cage is 10-80cm, breeding is started after earthworms are thrown in, and the water content of the breeding soil is kept at 20-80%. The method for breeding the earthworms has better economic benefit and convenient management.

Description

Rice field earthworm cage culture system and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a rice field earthworm cage cultivation system and method.

Background

Earthworm is also known as earthworm, a terrestrial invertebrate of the oligochaeta of Annelida. Earthworms (earth work) are one of the link animals, more than 3000 earthworms exist in the world, and more than 200 earthworms exist in China. The earthworm is a species of lumbricus, Eisenia foetida, Eisenia labra, Durah, etc. widely distributed in the country. The Lumbricus is nocturnal animal, and is generally inhabited in humid soil with a depth of 10-20 cm. Earthworms prefer moist and quiet soil environments with high humus content. The earthworms are hermaphrodite animals, mate by variant, lay eggs about 1 week after mating, lay eggs in cocoons, each cocoon contains 3-4 fertilized eggs, young earthworms are hatched about 2 months later, and the temperature is the optimal egg laying temperature at 21-25 ℃. The earthworm is a omnivorous animal, has wide feeding property, and can be used as feed by various nontoxic plant stems and leaves, livestock manure, organic garbage and the like. Earthworms play a special role as ecosystem engineers in soil improvement, material circulation, biodiversity, and the like. The earthworm is one of the important Chinese medicinal materials in China. Earthworms exist in 67 animal medicines collected in the earliest monograph of traditional Chinese medicine science, Shennong's herbal Jing. Listed as the inferior product in Shennong Ben Cao Jing, it has the effects of clearing heat, arresting convulsion, dredging collaterals, relieving asthma and inducing diuresis, and can also be used for treating high fever, coma, convulsion, arthralgia, numbness of limbs, hemiplegia, cough and asthma due to lung heat, oliguria and edema, hypertension and other symptoms. The earthworm has rich nutrition, rapid propagation, edible impurity, high artificial breeding yield and good economic benefit, and can also be used as high-protein food and feed. At present, the earthworm breeding mode and technology are single, earthworms are mainly used for treating domestic garbage, organic waste and purified sewage in many countries, the produced earthworms have high content of heavy metals and the like and cannot meet the requirements of medicinal standards, and the earthworm breeding method also relates to a series of problems of high investment, low return rate, high technical difficulty, high management requirements, high breeding risk and the like. The earthworms have mature experience at home and abroad in farmland soil cultivation, but when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the earthworms can be drilled into the soil for hibernation, are inconvenient for harvesting and are limited by seasons.

At present, no report about cage culture of the earthworms in the rice field exists.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a system and a method for breeding earthworms in paddy fields in net cages, which are used for solving the problems of simple breeding structure and low comprehensive economic benefit in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides a method for cage-culturing earthworms in rice fields, comprising: in a rice field, net cages are placed at a position 10-50cm close to ridges before rice planting is flooded, the net cages are arranged along the ridges, breeding soil is contained in the net cages, the breeding soil comprises soil and organic fertilizers, and the weight ratio of the soil to the organic fertilizers is 1: 0.1 to 1; organic waste is covered on the breeding soil, the distance between the rice in the rice field and the net cage is 10-80cm, breeding is started after earthworms are thrown in, and the water content of the breeding soil is kept at 20-80%.

The organic fertilizer can be obtained through commercial purchase, and only the organic fertilizer meets the implementation standard NY525-2012 issued by the Ministry of agriculture of China. For example, Jilin Wantong group-Rich soil No. 1.

And (3) uniformly mixing the soil in the culture soil and the organic fertilizer before culture, and then adding the mixture into a net cage.

Furthermore, the ridge is 20-100cm in height and 30-100cm in width, the two side surfaces of the ridge are slope surfaces, and the slope angles between the slope surfaces and the bottom surface are 40-80 degrees. The ridges are used for the escape and habitat of the earthworms when the paddy fields are flooded.

Furthermore, the mesh size of the net cage is 20-100 meshes. The net cage is made of anti-aging and durable materials. The mesh size is to prevent the earthworm seedlings from escaping and to facilitate breathing, and the mesh box size is to facilitate soil loading and earthworm harvesting operation. The height of the cage culture soil is 20-60cm, and the cage height is required to avoid the death of earthworms caused by flooding and rainstorm in a rice field.

Further, the organic waste refers to a crushed material of plant straws, and the length of the crushed material is generally less than 10 cm.

Further, a gap not smaller than 3cm is reserved between every two adjacent net cages.

Further, the organic waste may be pericarp, vegetables, leaves, straw, etc. The organic waste prevents the water in the culture soil from evaporating, keeps the soil moist, can shade the cage earthworms, and simultaneously, the rotten part of the organic waste can also be used as earthworm bait.

Furthermore, the net cage opening is tightened in the breeding process to prevent the earthworms from escaping and the natural enemies from harming the earthworms.

Furthermore, rice is planted in the rice field at a position 10-80cm away from the net cage, so that damage to the net cage during mechanical operation such as rice planting and harvesting is avoided, and damage to earthworms during pesticide application of chemical fertilizers and pest control on the rice is avoided. The pesticide for preventing and controlling the diseases, pests and weeds of the rice needs to avoid toxic and killing effects on the earthworms. The prevention and control of rice diseases and insect pests need to avoid organophosphorus pesticides such as malasone, trichlorfon, dimethoate, pyricularin, malathion and the like.

Another aspect of the invention provides a paddy field earthworm cage culture system, which comprises a paddy field and cage boxes arranged in the paddy field and used for culturing earthworms, wherein the cage boxes are arranged along ridges, culture soil is contained in the cage boxes, the culture soil comprises soil and organic fertilizers, and the weight ratio of the soil to the organic fertilizers is 1: 0.1 to 1; organic waste is covered on the breeding soil.

Further, the organic waste can be pericarp, vegetables, leaves, straw, etc. The organic waste prevents the water in the breeding soil from evaporating, keeps the soil moist, can shade the net cage earthworms, and simultaneously, the rotten part of the organic waste can also be used as earthworm bait.

Further, the distance between the rice in the rice field and the net cage is 10-80 cm.

Further, the water content of the culture soil is 20-80%.

As mentioned above, the system and the method for cage culture of the earthworms in the rice field have the following beneficial effects:

according to the rice field earthworm cage culture mode and the method, the series problems that the traditional rice is low in single planting benefit, earthworms are difficult to harvest, natural enemies are harmful to earthworms and the like are solved, and the rice quality safety factor and the agricultural waste utilization efficiency are improved. Therefore, the earthworm cage culture is carried out by utilizing the characteristic that earthworms like moist ecological environment of the rice field, multiple benefits such as rice planting, earthworm culture and ecological environment are realized, and the earthworm cage culture method has important significance for promoting agricultural efficiency improvement, increasing income of farmers and improving the rural pleasure strategy. The method specifically comprises the following beneficial effects:

(1) the earthworm output rate is high: the output rate of earthworms in each mu of rice field is 1: 3.

(2) the management is convenient: the breeding soil and the earthworms are placed simply and conveniently, only the earthworm seedlings are needed to be placed in the prepared breeding soil, the straws and organic fertilizers can be added into the net cage according to needs for eating and breeding of the earthworms, and the technology is easy to operate and master.

(3) The economic benefit is good: the net profit of earthworm cultivation in each mu of rice field can reach more than 7000 yuan.

(4) The ecological benefit is good: due to cage earthworm breeding, the utilization efficiency of agricultural wastes can be promoted, earthworm soil can be returned to the field to improve the land capability, and meanwhile, the use of pesticides with high altitude, poisoning and the like can be avoided. Therefore, the method has the functions of protecting the ecological environment and improving the quality of crops.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

1 Net cage

2 ridges

Detailed Description

The invention provides a composite planting and breeding development mode for earthworms in a rice field according to the ecological environment of the rice field, the growth characteristics of rice and the ecological breeding characteristics of earthworms and combining the current ecological, economic and social development requirements. The method and the technology for breeding the earthworms in the net cage of the rice field are provided based on the concepts of high economic benefit, simple and convenient management requirement, easy operation and mastering of technology, good ecological benefit and the like. Through field tests, the technology can improve the yield and the harvesting efficiency of the earthworms, and has remarkable economic benefit.

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Examples

In 2018, a paddy field net cage culture technology is developed in a paddy field new village in Sanxingxing town of Chongming district in Shanghai city, and the area is 50 mu.

Before the paddy fields are flooded, ridge 2 around the paddy fields is arranged, the height of the ridge 2 is required to be 80cm (generally 20-100cm), the width of the ridge is required to be 70cm (generally 30-100cm), two side surfaces of the ridge are slope surfaces, and the slope angles between the slope surfaces and the bottom surface are 60 degrees (generally 40-80 degrees). The diameter of the net cage 1 is 30cm, and the length of the net cage is 50 cm. The net cages 1 are made of nylon nets and are net cylinders with circular cross sections, the diameter of each nylon net can be 20-100 meshes, in the embodiment, the diameter is 50 meshes, and the distance between the two net cages is generally 10 cm. Earthworm breeding soil is filled in the net cage, and the height of the net cage breeding soil in the net cage is 50 cm. The earthworm breeding soil is prepared from soil and crushed organic fertilizer (bio-organic fertilizer-Futu No. 1 produced by Jilin Wantong group) according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5 (generally 1: 0.1-1), the length of the crushed organic matter is required to be 2-10cm, and the height of the net cage culture is 30 cm. The net cage is covered with organic waste, and the organic waste can be pericarp, vegetables, leaves, straws and the like.

Placing the net cage filled with breeding soil around a ridge before rice planting and flooding, then flooding the rice field, partially soaking the net cage in water, wherein the water content of the breeding soil is about 50% (generally 20-80%), placing 0.5-2kg of earthworm seedlings in the breeding soil, then covering organic wastes (such as fruit peels, vegetables, leaves, straws and the like) for 2-10cm in the net cage, fastening the opening of the net cage by using a rope, and breeding earthworms; and planting rice 10-80cm away from the net cage, and preventing and controlling rice diseases and insect pests by avoiding pesticide with toxic and killing effect on earthworms.

The influence of different earthworm stocking quantities on the earthworm output capacity is different, and 0.5kg, 1kg, 1.5 kg and 2.0kg of earthworm seedlings are placed in each net cage.

TABLE 1 influence of different earthworm stocking densities on earthworm yield

Note: the number of the cage per mu is 200, the diameter of the cage is 40cm, and the height of the cage is 50 cm. Lower case english letters indicate inter-process variability.

TABLE 2 economic benefit analysis (Yuan/mu) for earthworm cultivation in rice field cages

Note: the price of the fresh earthworms is 30 yuan/kg, 1kg of earthworm seedlings are put in each net cage, and 200 earthworms are calculated in each mu of net cages.

The experimental results show that: the output rate of 0.5kg and 1kg of earthworms placed in each net cage is high, and when the earthworm putting amount is large, the earthworm output rate is reduced due to insufficient food. From the table 2, it can be seen that under the condition that 200 cages are placed in each mu, when earthworm seedlings (1.0kg) are thrown in each cage, the net income per mu reaches 7820 yuan, and the income is considerable.

The above examples are intended to illustrate the disclosed embodiments of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, various modifications of the methods and compositions set forth herein, as well as variations of the methods and compositions of the present invention, will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. While the invention has been specifically described in connection with various specific preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood that the invention should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the above-described embodiments which are obvious to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rice field earthworm cage culture system, the system comprising: the earthworm breeding device comprises a paddy field and net cages arranged in the paddy field and used for breeding earthworms, wherein the net cages are arranged along ridges, breeding soil is contained in the net cages and comprises soil and organic fertilizers, and the weight ratio of the soil to the organic fertilizers is 1: 0.1 to 1; organic waste is covered on the breeding soil; the organic waste is selected from pericarp, vegetables, leaves or straws;

the distance between the rice in the rice field and the net cage is 10-80cm, the height of the ridge is 20-100cm, the width of the ridge is 30-100cm, two side surfaces of the ridge are slopes, and the slope angle between the two side surfaces and the bottom surface is 40-80 degrees;

the mesh size of the net cage is 20-100 meshes, and the height of the culture soil in the net cage is 20-60 cm; the water content of the culture soil is 20-80%; a gap not less than 3cm is reserved between two adjacent net cages.

2. The rice field earthworm cage culture system according to claim 1, wherein the straw refers to a crushed material of plant straw, and the length of the crushed straw is less than 10 cm.

3. The system for cage culture of earthworms in rice fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cage is made of an anti-aging and durable material.

4. A cage culture method for paddy earthworms, which is carried out by using the cage culture system for paddy earthworms according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and comprises the following steps:

a. placing a net cage at a position 10-50cm close to a ridge before rice planting and flooding in a rice field;

b. uniformly mixing soil in the culture soil and an organic fertilizer before culture, and then adding the mixture into a net cage;

c. breeding earthworms after the earthworms are put in the seedlings, and keeping the water content of the breeding soil to be 20-80%;

d. the net cage mouth is tightened in the breeding process to prevent the earthworms from escaping and the natural enemies from harming the earthworms.