CN112167053A - Method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees - Google Patents
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- CN112167053A CN112167053A CN202011169112.1A CN202011169112A CN112167053A CN 112167053 A CN112167053 A CN 112167053A CN 202011169112 A CN202011169112 A CN 202011169112A CN 112167053 A CN112167053 A CN 112167053A
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- 241000256837 Apidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 240000000851 Vaccinium corymbosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 235000003095 Vaccinium corymbosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 235000017537 Vaccinium myrtillus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 235000021014 blueberries Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940038481 bee pollen Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 description 43
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 208000024780 Urticaria Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000208421 Ericaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000012511 Vaccinium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000736767 Vaccinium Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003792 cranial nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees, which comprises the following steps: preparing corresponding beehives for bumble bee colonies and bee colonies for pollination respectively, regularly and quantitatively putting in certain bee feed according to the number of bees, enclosing a blueberry greenhouse needing pollination, selecting the time point when blueberries bloom, arranging the beehives with the bee colonies in the greenhouse, controlling the pollination working time of the bumblebees in the greenhouse to be 5-8 days, controlling the pollination working time of the bees in the greenhouse to be 15-20 days, and withdrawing the bee colonies returning to the nest together with the beehives from the greenhouse after the pollination time is over. According to the invention, bumblebees and bees are combined to perform alternative pollination in the blueberry flowering phase, so that the blueberry pollination rate is improved, and the pollination effect is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of blueberry pollination, and particularly relates to a method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees.
Background
The blueberry is perennial low shrub of Vaccinium of Ericaceae. Native to north america and east asia, and distributed in korea, japan, mongolia, russia, europe, north america, and countries and regions of black dragon river, inner mongolia, and jilin Changbai mountain in china. The blueberry fruit contains rich nutrient components, especially anthocyanin, and has good nutrition and health care effects, and also has the functions of preventing cranial nerve aging, strengthening heart, resisting cancer, softening blood vessels, enhancing human immunity and the like. The earliest countries for blueberry cultivation were the united states, but the cultivation history to date was less than a hundred years. It is one of five healthy fruits recommended by the world food and agriculture organizations because of its high health value.
Generally, bees are selected to pollinate the flowers of the plants in the planting process of the plants. But the bee has small volume, so the pollination efficiency is low, and the bee is more suitable for specific planting environment and breeding environment. And the bumblebee is because flight vibration intensity is great, consequently can carry more pollen to pollinate, consequently can select for use the bumblebee often to carry out the pollination work to the blueberry flower. The bumblebee has large volume and large flying vibration intensity, and can shake off some pollen in the flying process although the pollination rate is high. Therefore, while bumblebees increase pollination efficiency to an overall extent, they are in fact self-dominant and the increased pollination rate is much higher than that which would be reduced by wasting pollen. Therefore, the method for pollinating the greenhouse blueberries by combining the bumblebees and the bees is provided, and aims to fully utilize the residual pollen and further improve the pollination rate of the blueberries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing corresponding beehives for the bumblebee colonies and the bee colonies to be used respectively, and regularly and quantitatively feeding certain bee feed according to the number of bees, wherein the bee feed is sugar liquid contained in a sugar liquid box, the sugar liquid box is placed at the bottom of the beehive by the bumblebees, and the sugar liquid box is placed at the top of the beehive by the bees;
s2, enclosing the blueberry greenhouse needing pollination, arranging a bee-preventing net at each ventilation opening and ventilation facility of the greenhouse, and strictly checking the tightness of the bee-preventing net by workers to meet the conditions of no leak and no gap so as to prevent bee colonies from flying out;
s3, arranging beehives containing bee colonies in the greenhouse at the time point when the blueberries bloom, wherein the beehives are every 500-800 m2A beehive filled with bumblebees is arranged in the range of the Chinese character;
s4, controlling the pollination working time of the bumblebees in the greenhouse to be 5-8 days, preparing sugar solution boxes every 3-5 days to contain sugar solution again, and replacing the original sugar solution boxes on each beehive with the sugar solution, wherein the amount of the sugar solution is 50-60 ml;
s5, after the bumblebees finish pollination, carrying the bumblebees returning to the nest out of the greenhouse together with the beehive, and then sending the beehive into the greenhouse every 400-600 m2A beehive is arranged in the range of (1);
s6, controlling the pollination working time of the bees in the greenhouse to be 15-20 days, preparing sugar solution boxes every 3-5 days to contain sugar solution again, and replacing the original sugar solution boxes on each beehive with the sugar solution boxes, wherein the amount of the sugar solution is 150-180 ml;
s7, after the pollination time is over, withdrawing the returned bee colony and the beehive from the greenhouse.
Preferably, the bee-preventing net is required to be installed at the air outlet at the top in the warm shed, and the bee-preventing net of the cold shed is installed at the air outlet at the waist seam of the cold shed.
Preferably, the worker inspects the anti-bee net arranged in the blueberry greenhouse every 8-12 hours, prevents the leakage of the anti-bee net, timely cleans impurities possibly contaminated on the surface of the anti-bee net, and ensures that the whole ventilation effect is not affected.
Preferably, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 5-30 ℃, the relative humidity is 30% -80%, one bee hive comprises 3-5 bee combs and 7000-12000 bees, and one bumblebee hive comprises 60-100 bumblebees.
Preferably, in the greenhouse, the bumblebee hive and the bee hive are placed on the ridge surface between the bumblebee hive and the bee hive, and the bee hive is placed on a support which is 0.3-0.5 m away from the ground; the distance between the bumblebee hive and the ground is 0.2 m-0.8 m, and a sunshade device is arranged at the position 0.1 m-0.5 m above the bumblebee hive.
Preferably, the application of agents belonging to the long residue type and systemic insecticides in the greenhouse is prohibited 7 days before the beehive is moved into the facility and during pollination.
Preferably, the sugar solution is a bee pollen solution and a sucrose solution, the bee pollen is pollen containing apple and pear flower, and the ratio of the sugar water in the sucrose solution is 1-1.2: 1.2.
Preferably, the beehive must be placed horizontally in the immigration big-arch shelter, avoids vibrations, and at the bottom of beehive installation with the supporting structure of ground support, carry out overlap joint and enclosure to the beehive bottom.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. the bumblebee and the bees are combined to perform alternate pollination in the blueberry flowering phase, and because the bumblebee is large in size and high in flying vibration frequency, the bumblebee is used for pollinating blueberry flowers in a large range in advance, then the bees are used for performing secondary pollination, pollen remaining on the blueberry flowers is pollinated again, and a large amount of sugar liquor is put into a bee hive for feeding, so that the bees can keep continuous pollination work, the utilization rate of blueberry pollen is improved, and the pollination effect is further improved;
2. the pollination time of the bumblebee and the fed sugar liquid are less than those of the bumblebee, so that the bumblebee can fully contact and pollinate the blueberry flower in less time; and the honeybee then pollinates the time and puts in the sugar liquid more, gives more time and makes the honeybee carry out abundant pollination to the blueberry flower once more, and increases the sugar liquid volume of feeding, avoids the honeybee to be difficult to gather sufficient nectar and be unfavorable for the honeycomb to survive.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
S1, preparing corresponding beehives for the bumblebee colonies and the bee colonies to be used respectively, regularly and quantitatively putting a certain amount of bee feed according to the number of bees, wherein the bee feed is sugar liquid contained in a sugar liquid box, the sugar liquid box is placed at the bottom of the beehive by the bumblebee, the sugar liquid box is placed at the top of the beehive by the bee, the sugar liquid is bee pollen and cane sugar solution, the bee pollen is pollen containing apple and pear flower, and the ratio of the sugar liquid in the cane sugar solution is 1-1.2: 1.2;
s2, enclosing the blueberry greenhouse needing pollination, arranging a bee-preventing net at each ventilation opening and ventilation facility of the greenhouse, wherein the bee-preventing net is required to be arranged at the top air outlet in the warm greenhouse, the bee-preventing net of the cold greenhouse is arranged at the waist seam air outlet of the cold greenhouse, the tightness of the bee-preventing net is strictly checked by workers, the conditions of no leak and no gap are required to be met, so as to prevent bee colonies from flying out, the workers are required to check the bee-preventing net arranged in the blueberry greenhouse every 12 hours, the leakage of the bee-preventing net is prevented, impurities possibly stained on the surface of the bee-preventing net are timely cleaned, and the whole ventilation effect is not influenced,
s3, selecting the time point when blueberries bloom, arranging beehives containing bee colonies in the greenhouse, and forbidding application of long-residue type medicaments and systemic insecticides in the greenhouse 7 days before the beehives are moved into facilities and in the pollination period, wherein the amount of the systemic insecticides is 500-800 m per day2A beehive filled with bumblebees is placed in the range of (1), the beehive is moved into the greenhouse to be horizontally placed to avoid vibration, and a support structure supported on the ground is arranged at the bottom of the beehive to overlap and enclose the bottom of the beehive;
s4, controlling the pollination working time of the bumblebees in the greenhouse to be 15 days, preparing sugar solution boxes every 5 days to contain sugar solution again, and replacing the original sugar solution boxes on each beehive with the sugar solution, wherein the amount of the sugar solution is 60 ml;
s5, after the bumblebee pollination is finished, carrying the bumblebee nest returned to the nest out of the greenhouse together with all beehives, and then sending the beehives into the greenhouse according to the weight of every 600m2The method comprises the following steps of (1) placing a bee hive, wherein a bumblebee hive and the bee hive are placed on the ridge surface in the middle of the greenhouse, the bee hive is directly placed on the ground, the distance between the bumblebee hive and the ground is 0.8m, and a sun shading device is arranged at a position 0.5m above the bumblebee hive;
s6, controlling the pollination working time of the bees in the greenhouse to be 20 days, preparing sugar solution boxes every 5 days to contain sugar solution again, and replacing the original sugar solution boxes on each beehive with the sugar solution in an amount of 180 ml;
and S7, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 5-30 ℃, controlling the relative humidity to be 30-80%, wherein one bee hive comprises 5 bee combs and 12000 bees, one bumble bee hive comprises 100 bumblebees, and after the pollination time is over, withdrawing the nest returning bee colony together with the bee hive from the greenhouse.
Example 2
A method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing corresponding beehives for a bumble bee colony and a bee colony which need to be used respectively, regularly and quantitatively putting a certain amount of bee feed according to the quantity of the bee colony, wherein the bee feed is sugar liquid contained in a sugar liquid box, the sugar liquid box is placed at the bottom of the beehive by the bumble bee, the sugar liquid box is placed at the top of the beehive by the bee, the sugar liquid is bee pollen and cane sugar solution, the bee pollen is pollen containing apple and pear flower, and the ratio of the sugar liquid in the cane sugar solution is 1-1.2: 1.2;
step 2, enclosing the blueberry greenhouse needing pollination, arranging a bee-preventing net at each ventilation opening and ventilation facility of the greenhouse, wherein the bee-preventing net is required to be arranged at the top air outlet in the warm greenhouse, the bee-preventing net of the cold greenhouse is arranged at the waist seam air outlet of the cold greenhouse, strictly checking the tightness of the bee-preventing net by workers to meet the conditions of no leak and no gap so as to prevent bee swarms from flying out, checking the bee-preventing net arranged in the blueberry greenhouse every 8 hours by the workers to prevent the leakage of the bee-preventing net, timely cleaning up sundries possibly stained on the surface of the bee-preventing net and ensuring that the whole ventilation effect is not influenced,
step 3, selecting a time point when blueberries bloom, arranging beehives containing bee colonies in a greenhouse, prohibiting applying a long-residue medicament and an internal absorption type pesticide in the greenhouse 3 days before the beehives are moved into a facility and during pollination, placing one beehive containing bumblebees in the range of every 500m2, and meanwhile, horizontally placing the beehives in the greenhouse to avoid vibration, installing a support structure supported by the ground at the bottom of the beehives, and overlapping and enclosing the bottom of the beehives;
step 4, controlling the pollination working time of the bumblebees in the greenhouse to be 10 days, preparing sugar solution boxes every 3 days to contain sugar solution again, and replacing the original sugar solution boxes on each beehive with the sugar solution, wherein the amount of the sugar solution is 50 ml;
step 5, after the pollination of the bumblebees is finished, carrying the returned bumblebee hives and all beehives out of the greenhouse, then sending the beehives into the greenhouse, placing one beehive in the range of 2m per 400m, placing the bumblebee hive and the beehive in the greenhouse at the ridge surface between the bumblebee hives and the beehive, directly placing the beehives on the ground, enabling the bumblebee hives to be 0.5m away from the ground, and arranging a sun-shading device at the position 0.3m above the beehives;
step 6, controlling the pollination working time of the bees in the greenhouse to be 15 days, preparing sugar solution boxes every 3 days to contain sugar solution again, and replacing the original sugar solution boxes on each beehive with the sugar solution, wherein the amount of the sugar solution is 150 ml;
and 7, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 5-30 ℃, controlling the relative humidity to be 30-80%, wherein one bee hive comprises 3 honeycombs and 7000 bees, one bumble bee hive comprises 60 bumblebees, and after the pollination time is over, withdrawing the nest returning colony together with the bee hive from the greenhouse.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing corresponding beehives for the bumblebee colonies and the bee colonies to be used respectively, and regularly and quantitatively feeding certain bee feed according to the number of bees, wherein the bee feed is sugar liquid contained in a sugar liquid box, the sugar liquid box is placed at the bottom of the beehive by the bumblebees, and the sugar liquid box is placed at the top of the beehive by the bees;
s2, enclosing the blueberry greenhouse needing pollination, arranging a bee-preventing net at each ventilation opening and ventilation facility of the greenhouse, and strictly checking the tightness of the bee-preventing net by workers to meet the conditions of no leak and no gap so as to prevent bee colonies from flying out;
s3, arranging beehives with bee colonies in the greenhouse at the time point when the blueberries bloom, wherein the beehives are arranged every 500-800 m2A beehive filled with bumblebees is arranged in the range of the Chinese character;
s4, controlling the pollination working time of the bumblebees in the greenhouse to be 5-8 days, preparing sugar solution boxes every 3-5 days to contain sugar solution again, and replacing the original sugar solution boxes on each beehive with the sugar solution, wherein the amount of the sugar solution is 50-60 ml;
s5, after the bumblebees finish pollination, carrying the bumblebees returning to the nest out of the greenhouse together with the beehive, and then sending the beehive into the greenhouse every 400-600 m2A beehive is arranged in the range of (1);
s6, controlling the pollination working time of the bees in the greenhouse to be 15-20 days, preparing sugar solution boxes every 3-5 days to contain sugar solution again, and replacing the original sugar solution boxes on each beehive with the sugar solution boxes, wherein the amount of the sugar solution is 150-180 ml;
s7, after the pollination time is over, withdrawing the returned bee colony and the beehive from the greenhouse.
2. The method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the anti-bee net is required to be installed at the air outlet at the top in the warm shed, and the anti-bee net of the cold shed is installed at the air outlet at the waist seam.
3. The method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the staff inspects the anti-bee net arranged in the blueberry greenhouse every 8-12 h, prevents the leakage of the anti-bee net, timely cleans up sundries possibly contaminated on the surface of the anti-bee net, and ensures that the whole ventilation effect is not affected.
4. The method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 5-30 ℃, the relative humidity is 30-80%, 3-5 honeycombs and 7000-12000 bees are contained in one bee box, and 60-100 bumblebees are contained in one bumblebee box.
5. The method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the greenhouse, a bumblebee hive and a bee hive are placed on the ridge surface between the bumblebee hive and the bee hive, and the bee hive is placed on a support which is 0.3-0.5 m away from the ground; the distance between the bumblebee hive and the ground is 0.2 m-0.8 m, and a sunshade device is arranged at the position 0.1 m-0.5 m above the bumblebee hive.
6. The method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) forbidding applying medicaments belonging to long residue type and systemic insecticides in the greenhouse 7 days before the beehive is moved into the greenhouse and during pollination.
7. The method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sugar solution is composed of bee pollen and sucrose solution, the bee pollen is pollen containing apple and pear flower, and the ratio of sugar to water in the sucrose solution is 1-1.2: 1.2.
8. The method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the beehive must the level place in immigration big-arch shelter, avoids vibrations, and at the bottom of beehive installation with the supporting structure of ground support, carry out overlap joint and enclosure to the beehive bottom.
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Cited By (1)
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2020
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| CN104429924A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-03-25 | 佳沃集团有限公司 | Pollination method for blueberries in greenhouse |
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| CN115039693A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-09-13 | 青岛市畜牧工作站(青岛市畜牧兽医研究所) | Method for pollinating large cherry bees in facility |
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Application publication date: 20210105 |