CN110537487A - pollination method for improving yield of blueberries - Google Patents
pollination method for improving yield of blueberries Download PDFInfo
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- CN110537487A CN110537487A CN201910787443.2A CN201910787443A CN110537487A CN 110537487 A CN110537487 A CN 110537487A CN 201910787443 A CN201910787443 A CN 201910787443A CN 110537487 A CN110537487 A CN 110537487A
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- 240000000851 Vaccinium corymbosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 235000003095 Vaccinium corymbosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 235000017537 Vaccinium myrtillus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 235000021014 blueberries Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 241000256837 Apidae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000021552 granulated sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 10
- 208000024780 Urticaria Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000208421 Ericaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012511 Vaccinium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000736767 Vaccinium Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010138 bee pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007965 phenolic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001779 taste bud Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Birds (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
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- Mycology (AREA)
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pollination method for improving blueberry yield, which adopts bumblebees to pollinate blueberries and comprises the following steps: other insect evasion, preparation before bee placement, bee box placement, bumblebee induction and bumblebee pollination. According to the invention, bumblebees are adopted to pollinate blueberry plants, and are induced, so that the pollination specificity of the bumblebees is improved, and the yield of the blueberries is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant pollination, in particular to a pollination method for improving the yield of blueberries.
Background
Blueberries, plant of the genus Vaccinium of the family Ericaceae, perennial berry type shrub fruit trees. The fruit is dark blue, nearly round and covered with fruit powder. The blueberry fruit is rich in bioactive components and nutrient substances such as anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenolic acid and the like, and is listed as one of five health foods for human by food and agriculture organization of the United nations.
In the current blueberry production, the fruit setting rate of a plurality of blueberry varieties still has a great promotion space, and meanwhile, as the influence of pollen intuition on the fruit quality is not considered, the quality difference of the produced fruits is great, the commodity performance of the fruits is reduced, and the high quality and high yield of the blueberries cannot be realized; moreover, most growers manually pollinate the blueberries according to experience, but the manual pollination has high chance, so that the pollination failure rate is high, and the fruit setting rate and the yield of the blueberries are influenced.
Therefore, how to provide a pollination method capable of remarkably improving the yield of blueberries is a problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
in view of the above, the invention provides a pollination method for improving the yield of blueberries, which adopts bumblebees to pollinate blueberry plants and induces the bumblebees, so that the pollination specificity of the bumblebees is improved, and the yield of the blueberries is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A pollination method for improving the yield of blueberries is characterized in that bumblebees are adopted to pollinate the blueberries, and the pollination method comprises the following steps: 1) other insect avoidance; 2) preparing before releasing bees; 3) placing a beehive; 4) inducing bumblebees; 5) and (5) pollinating the bumble bees.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the bumblebee is used for pollinating the blueberries, so that the pollination time is shortened, and the pollination efficiency is improved; other insects are avoided, and the insects except bees are prevented from damaging the blueberry plants; the induction of bumblebee is carried out, the dependence of bumblebee taste buds is increased, the success rate of pollination is improved, and the fruit setting rate and the yield of the blueberry are improved.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the other insect avoidance method includes: clover is planted between blueberry plants to attract other insects.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the clover can attract natural enemies of various pests and enables the clover to survive and propagate, so that the blueberry diseases and insect pests can be effectively prevented; meanwhile, the root nodules at the roots of the clovers can fix nitrogen, so that the quality of soil and the content of organic matters are improved, and the growth of blueberry plants and the accumulation of nutrient substances in fruits are promoted.
as a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the bumblebee induction process comprises: feeding bumblebees with blueberry nectar or pollen white granulated sugar water before and at the initial stage of the bumblebee entering.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the bumblebee is fed by blueberry nectar or pollen white granulated sugar water to induce the dependence of the bumblebee on blueberry pollen.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the pollen white granulated sugar water comprises the following components in parts by weight: the ratio of blueberry pollen to white granulated sugar to water is 1: 5: 10.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, when the bumblebee is induced, blueberry nectar or pollen white granulated sugar water is replaced every 2 to 5 days, 0.5 to 1kg of blueberry nectar or pollen white granulated sugar water is fed every time, and the induction time is 15 to 20 days.
the technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the blueberry nectar or pollen white granulated sugar water needs to be replaced regularly to continuously induce the bumblebees, so that the inducing success rate is ensured.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, when the beehive is placed, a bumble bee beehive is arranged every 400-800 square meters, the beehive is 0.2-0.8 meter away from the ground, and a sun-shading device is arranged at a position 0.1-0.5 meter above the beehive.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the beehive is arranged off the ground, so that the sealing box is fully ventilated, and the survival rate of the bumblebees is improved; set up solar protection devices on the beehive, avoid sunshine to penetrate directly, further improved the survival rate of bumblebee.
as a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the control under the condition in the beehive is as follows: the temperature is 5-30 ℃, the relative humidity is 30-80%, and each bee box comprises 1-3 bee spleens and 100-300 bumblebees.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the temperature and humidity in the hive are set within appropriate ranges to provide a suitable environment for the growth and reproduction of bumblebees.
as a preferred technical scheme of the invention, before sowing clover, 1kg of seeds are soaked in 1-2 kg of water, and the clover seeds are sowed after being soaked for 10-15 hours.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: after the clover seeds are soaked for 10-15h, the seeds can sprout, and the germinated seeds are sown, so that the seeds can emerge out of the earth and the plants can grow.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) Before the bumblebee is used for pollinating the blueberry, the bumblebee is induced by blueberry nectar or pollen and the dependence is generated on blueberry pollen, so that the blueberry pollen is collected specifically, the pollination rate is increased, and the fruit setting rate and the yield are increased;
(2) According to the invention, clovers are planted among blueberry plants to attract natural enemies of pests and reproduce the pests, so that the disease and insect pest incidence of the blueberries is reduced.
Detailed Description
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
a pollination method for improving the yield of blueberries is characterized in that bumblebees are adopted to pollinate the blueberries, and the pollination method comprises the following steps: 1) planting blueberry seedlings, then broadcasting clover seeds among the blueberry plants, soaking the clover seeds according to the proportion of adding 1.5 kg of water into 1kg of seeds before sowing the clovers, and sowing after soaking for 12 hours;
2) preparing before bee releasing: checking the tightness of the bee-preventing net; simultaneously controlling the environment inside the beehive: the temperature was 25 ℃, the relative humidity was 40%, and each beehive contained 2 hives of hives and 150 bumble bees.
3) placing a beehive: when the blueberry plants bloom, one bumble bee hive is configured every 400 square meters; the beehive is 0.5 m away from the ground, and a sun-shading device is arranged at a position 0.2 m above the beehive;
4) feeding bumblebees by using blueberry nectar before and at the initial stage of the bumblebees entering the field; changing blueberry nectar every 3 days, feeding 0.5kg of blueberry nectar every time, and inducing for 15 days;
5) pollination of bumblebees: releasing the bumblebee to collect blueberry pollen.
Example 2
A pollination method for improving the yield of blueberries is characterized in that bumblebees are adopted to pollinate the blueberries, and the pollination method comprises the following steps: 1) planting blueberry seedlings, then broadcasting clover seeds among blueberry plants, soaking the clover seeds in 1kg of seeds and 1kg of water before sowing the clovers, and sowing after soaking for 10 hours;
2) Preparing before bee releasing: checking the tightness of the bee-preventing net; simultaneously controlling the environment inside the beehive: the temperature was 5 ℃, the relative humidity was 30%, and 1 hive contained 1 hive and 100 bumblebees.
3) Placing a beehive: when the blueberry plants bloom, one bumble bee hive is configured every 500 square meters; the beehive is 0.2 m away from the ground, and a sun-shading device is arranged at a position 0.1 m above the beehive;
4) Feeding bumblebees by using blueberry nectar before and at the initial stage of the bumblebees entering the field; changing blueberry nectar every 5 days, feeding 0.6kg of blueberry nectar every time, and inducing for 16 days;
5) And (4) bee pollination: releasing the bumblebee to collect blueberry pollen.
Example 3
A pollination method for improving the yield of blueberries is characterized in that bumblebees are adopted to pollinate the blueberries, and the pollination method comprises the following steps: 1) planting blueberry seedlings, then broadcasting clover seeds among blueberry plants, soaking the clover seeds according to the proportion of adding 2 kg of water into 1kg of seeds before sowing the clovers, and sowing after soaking for 15 hours;
2) preparing before bee releasing: checking the tightness of the bee-preventing net; simultaneously controlling the environment inside the beehive: the temperature was 30 ℃, the relative humidity was 80%, and each beehive contained 3 hives of hives and 300 bumble bees.
3) Placing a beehive: when the blueberry plants bloom, one bumble bee hive is configured every 500 square meters; the beehive is 0.8 m away from the ground, and a sun-shading device is arranged at a position 0.5 m above the beehive;
4) Feeding bumblebees by using blueberry nectar before and at the initial stage of the bumblebees entering the field; changing blueberry nectar every 2 days, feeding 0.7kg of blueberry nectar every time, and inducing for 17 days;
5) Pollination of bumblebees: releasing the bumblebee to collect blueberry pollen.
Example 4
a pollination method for improving the yield of blueberries is characterized in that bumblebees are adopted to pollinate the blueberries, and the pollination method comprises the following steps: 1) planting blueberry seedlings, then broadcasting clover seeds among the blueberry plants, soaking the clover seeds in 1kg of seeds and 1.3 kg of water before sowing the clovers, and sowing after soaking for 13 hours;
2) Preparing before bee releasing: checking the tightness of the bee-preventing net; simultaneously controlling the environment inside the beehive: the temperature was 20 ℃, the relative humidity was 35%, and each beehive contained 2 hives of hives and 300 bumble bees.
3) Placing a beehive: when the blueberry plants bloom, one bumble bee hive is configured every 500 square meters; the beehive is 0.5 m away from the ground, and a sun-shading device is arranged at a position 0.3 m above the beehive;
4) feeding bumblebees by using blueberry nectar before and at the initial stage of the bumblebees entering the field; changing blueberry nectar every 4 days, feeding 0.8kg of blueberry nectar every time, and inducing for 18 days;
5) Pollination of bumblebees: releasing the bumblebee to collect blueberry pollen.
Example 5
A pollination method for improving the yield of blueberries is characterized in that bumblebees are adopted to pollinate the blueberries, and the pollination method comprises the following steps: 1) planting blueberry seedlings, then broadcasting clover seeds among the blueberry plants, soaking the clover seeds according to the proportion of adding 1.6 kg of water into 1kg of seeds before sowing the clovers, and sowing after soaking for 14 hours;
2) preparing before bee releasing: checking the tightness of the bee-preventing net; simultaneously controlling the environment inside the beehive: the temperature was 15 ℃, the relative humidity was 50%, and each beehive contained 3 hives of hives and 230 bumblebees.
3) Placing a beehive: when the blueberry plants bloom, one bumble bee hive is configured every 500 square meters; the beehive is 0.4 m away from the ground, and a sun-shading device is arranged at a position 0.4 m above the beehive;
4) Feeding bumblebees by using blueberry nectar before and at the initial stage of the bumblebees entering the field; changing blueberry nectar every 4 days, feeding 1kg of blueberry nectar every time, and inducing for 20 days;
5) pollination of bumblebees: releasing the bumblebee to collect blueberry pollen.
After the blueberry plants in the embodiments 1-5 are pollinated successfully, 1000 blueberry fruits obtained in the embodiments 1-5 are collected when the fruits are ripe, and the average single fruit weight is calculated; meanwhile, the flowering number of the blueberries in the flowering period in each embodiment is calculated, and after the fruits are fruited, the number of the fruits is calculated, so that the fruit setting rate is obtained. Setting rate is 100% multiplied by the number of fruits/number of flowers; the results are shown in the table I;
Watch 1
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | example 5 | |
| Fruit setting rate% | 66.79 | 64.31 | 67.24 | 70.25 | 68.38 |
| weight of single fruit g | 1.82 | 1.74 | 1.87 | 1.96 | 1.91 |
Example 6
Pollination was performed in the manner of example 4, while setting comparative example 1: the bumblebee in the step 4) of the embodiment is replaced by the bee, and other operation methods are the same; comparative example 2: manually pollinating, firstly, removing all stamens of blueberry stamens when the stamens are immature, namely castrating, bagging flowers only with pistils, collecting the stamens of other blueberry seed flowers when the flowers are mature, scattering the stamens on the stamens of the castrated stamens, and bagging; calculating the fruit setting rate and the single blueberry fruit weight of the blueberry fruits of the example 4, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 according to the calculation mode in the example 5, and the result is shown in a table II;
Watch two
| Example 4 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Fruit setting rate% | 70.25 | 67.34 | 42.67 |
| Weight of single fruit g | 1.96 | 1.61 | 1.49 |
As can be seen from the second table, the pollination of the blueberry stamens by the bumblebees is higher than the pollination of the blueberry stamens by the bees, the fruit setting rate is higher, and the weight of a single fruit is larger; the blueberry fruits obtained by artificial pollination have the lowest fruit setting rate and the smallest single fruit weight, and have obvious difference.
the embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. a pollination method for improving the yield of blueberries adopts bumblebees to pollinate the blueberries and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Other insect avoidance;
2) Preparing before releasing bees;
3) placing a beehive;
4) Inducing bumblebees;
5) And (5) pollinating the bumble bees.
2. The pollination method for improving the yield of the blueberries according to claim 1, wherein the other insect avoidance method comprises the following steps: clover is planted among blueberry plants.
3. The pollination method for improving the yield of the blueberries according to claim 1, wherein the bumblebee induction process comprises the following steps: before and at the initial stage of the bumblebee entering, the bumblebee is fed by blueberry nectar or pollen white granulated sugar water.
4. the pollination method for improving the yield of blueberries as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the pollen white granulated sugar water comprises the following components in parts by weight: the ratio of blueberry pollen to white granulated sugar to water is 1: 5: 10.
5. the pollination method for improving the yield of the blueberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blueberry nectar or pollen white granulated sugar water is replaced every 2-5 days when the bumblebees are induced.
6. The pollination method for improving the yield of the blueberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the beehive is placed, one beehive is placed every 400-800 meters, the beehive is 0.2-0.8 meter away from the ground, and a sun-shading device is arranged 0.1-0.5 meter above the beehive.
7. the pollination method for improving the yield of the blueberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conditions in the beehive are controlled as follows: the temperature is 5-30 ℃, the relative humidity is 30-80%, and each bee box comprises 1-3 bee spleens and 100-300 bumblebees.
8. The pollination method for improving the yield of the blueberries as claimed in claim 2, wherein: before sowing clover, 1kg of seeds are soaked in 1-2 kg of water for 10-15 hours and then sowed.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112167053A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-01-05 | 青岛市畜牧兽医研究所(青岛市畜牧工作站) | Method for pollinating greenhouse blueberries by combining bumblebees and bees |
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2019
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Application publication date: 20191206 |