CN1121581A - 具有多头筋片的带筋管及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种尤其用于热交换器的或类似装置的金属带筋管(1),它具有在外表面上呈螺旋线形分布的多螺纹头成整体的筋片(2),其中几个筋片螺纹头均布在管周缘面上并从管端处开始。带筋管(1)的特征在于,在头数n≥4时,至少构成一组筋片,该组筋片具有至少两个相互并列的筋片起端(A1,A2或A3,A4…)。采用本发明的方法可以保证经济地生产本发明的带筋管(1)。
Description
本发明涉及一种尤其是用于热交换器或类似装置的金属带筋管,这种带筋管具有呈螺旋线形分布在其外表面上的多头整体的筋片(参见例如德国公开说明书DE-AS2110485)。
具有呈螺旋线形分布在其外表面上的单头或多头筋片的带筋管是借助于具有设置在刀具轴上的轧制盘的轧制刀具从管壁的外部轧制而成的(参见美国专利说明书US-PS1,865,575以及3,327,512和图1)。
当在各类棒上或厚壁的管上轧制螺纹时通常采用的装置为具有两个相对设置的轧制刀具,而要轧制带筋管时则要使用三个或四个均布在管周缘面上的轧制刀具(参见图2)。
此外,带筋管能够传导热功率的特性除了其它因素之外,则取决于通过加筋来获得其表面积增大的程度。因此在近些年来带筋管的筋片间距越来越减小。通过这样加筋可使表面积不断增大。当筋片间距为0.63毫米(即相当于每米中有1574个筋片)时,其表面积相应于光滑表面的管的表面积大约增大到四倍。在具有相态交变的应用中,即在蒸发器和冷凝器中,通过表面张力和毛细渗透效应来实现对热传导起额外的强化作用,尤其是在所用的管筋片间距很小的情况下。
本发明的主要目的改进现有带筋管的热传递性能,并且保证经济地制造带筋管。
按照本发明,上述目的是这样实现的,即在螺纹头数n≥4时至少构成一组,该组至少有两个相互并列的筋片螺纹头起端(A1,A2或A3,A4…)。
经济地制造本发明的带筋管将结合本发明的方法来进一步说明。
按照本发明的带筋管一些优选实施例构成了分别为两个、三个或四个筋片螺纹头起端的组。
例如,在采用具有三个轧制刀具和六个缧纹头轧制方式的装置情况下,则产生三组都是两个相互并列的筋片螺纹头起端,如图3a所示,与之相反,当采用具有六个轧制刀具和六个螺纹头轧制方式的装置时,则产生六个筋片螺纹头起端(参见图3b)。
本发明尤其适用于大功率带筋管,其中,筋片顶端处于外表面上或被顶锻成加厚的端部,加工出槽口并且能够在开槽后被分离成空腔,和/或从侧面弯曲和/或顶段。
在本发明的带筋管中,其筋片间距最好为tR=0.25~1.50毫米,筋高hR≤1.60毫米。
为了强化热传递,可以使按照本发明构成的带筋管的外表面以不同的结构与管的内侧面相组合。因此建议带筋管的内侧面最好具有呈螺旋线形分布的内筋,其间距(从垂直于内筋方向测量)为ti=0.5~3毫米,筋高hi=0.2~0.5毫米,而其螺旋角θ=25~70°。
按照本发明的另一个实施例,内筋9的螺旋角θ=5~25°,内筋9的高与管的内径的比为hi/Di=0.02~0.03,内筋9的平均侧面间距W=0.15~0.40毫米,而内筋的顶角γ=30~60°(W和γ是在一个垂直于管轴线的截面中测量的)。
按照本发明的另一种选择方案,带筋管的内表面具有波纹,这种波纹可以是中断的,且沿管的纵向来看,其间距最好相当于由筋片间距tk和螺纹头n形成的结果。
此外,还建议在带筋管的内表面上设置凸起,这些凸起是由两个相互交叉的反向呈螺旋形的内筋道构成的。
本发明的另一个目的是进一步涉及一种制造本发明带筋管的方法。
起初,筋片是在一个带筋管的外表面上用单螺纹头轧制而成的。为了提高轧制装置的加工能力,要对轧制速度W轧制公式加以考虑,轧制速度由下式计算:
W轧制=π·tan(α)·D轧制·W关系式(1)其中W轧制是轧制速度,α是倾斜角,D轧盘是最大轧制盘的直径,W是刀具轴的转速。
转速W的提高受到技术上的限制,D轧盘则受几何尺寸的限制,因为最大直径由下述条件得出,即相邻刀具轴的轧盘在运转时不能相互接触。
因此W轧制的提高只能通过倾斜角α来实现。对于tanα而言有以下关系:其中n是螺纹头数,tR是筋片间距,DKern是带筋管的螺纹根直径。根据此关系式,当筋片的几何尺寸被规定下来后(筋片间距和螺纹根直径),只有通过提高螺纹头数来增大倾斜角。
开始时是在具有三个轧制刀具的轧制装置上轧制出双螺纹头带筋管(参见美国专利说明书US-PS3,383,893)。
以后又在这种装置上轧制出三个螺纹头的带筋管,(参见美国专利说明书US-PS3,481,394)。在这篇专利说明书中也提到了这样的可能性,即采用带六个轧制刀具的装置来轧制六个螺纹头的带筋管。该现有技术的特征是,要么所有轧制刀具在一个公共的筋片螺纹头中运行(单螺纹头和双螺纹头轧制),要么在极限情况下每个轧制刀具加工出一个单独的筋片螺纹头(三螺纹头或四螺纹头轧制)。由此达到了一个极限,这是因为其出发点是每个轧制刀具最多只能加工出一个筋片螺纹头。
本发明方法的特征在于,所希望的头数n与现有轧制刀具数目N可匹配成,使得一个或多个轧制刀具能加工出一个以上的筋片螺纹头,也即始终是n>N。
本发明的方法是基于至少用一个轧制刀具加工出一个以上的筋片螺纹头这样的结果。这样在轧制带筋管时其头数就大大超过了目前可能达到的水平。本发明使轧制装置的加工能力能提高数倍。头数的最大限度取决于可能达到的装置倾斜角,此时不考虑自锁情况。按照本发明方法的一些特殊实施形式,每个轧制刀具分别能加工出两个,三个或四个筋片螺纹头。
要制造具有顶锻筋片顶端的带筋管,建议采用下述方法,筋片顶端在至少一个步骤中借助于径向力而被变形;要制造具有槽口的筋片顶端的带筋管则建议采用下述方法,至少通过一个槽口盘在筋片顶端中挤压出槽口;要制造具有分离的和/或弯折的和/或顶锻的筋片顶端建议采用下述方法,筋片顶端沿筋片的方向被分离开和/或通过轴向力而被弯曲和/或通过径向力而被变形。
要制造按照本发明的带内筋的带筋管,建议采用一种成型轧辊芯轴。要制造按照本发明的带内部波纹的带筋管则建议采用下述一种方法,在筋片加工成形后,筋片之间的槽被连续地或只在某些部位通过径向力而被向内挤压,此时在这些区域没有内部芯轴的支承,从而使管壁的材料被移动而构成在管内表面上的波纹凸起(也参见欧洲专利说明书EPS0,102,407)。为了避免在筋片间距很小时管内表面上相邻的波纹相互间太密,建议不要在所有轧制刀具中都应用波纹盘。
现借助于下面的实施例对本发明作更详细阐述。其中:
图1是体现本发明的一个筋片加工刀具的纵截面视图;
图2(a)和2(b)是两种刀具架的端视图;
图3(a)和3(b)是刀具和管的布置的两个例子;
图4是另一种刀具布置情况,以增大筋片顶端的表面积;以及
图5是具有内外筋的一个管的局部放大视图。
图1示意性地示出一个按照本发明的整体的带筋管1,带筋管1的外表面上整体地形成有呈螺旋线形分布的筋片2,在筋片2之间构成有槽3。筋片2的高为hR,筋片间距(即筋片中点之间的距离)用标号tR表示。
本发明的带筋管1是借助于图1和图2b中所示装置通过一种轧制过程(参见被一并作为参考的美国专利说明书US-PS1,865,575和3,327,512)而制造的。
应用一种装置,该装置由N=4个刀具架4(41/42/43/44)所组成,每个刀具架上都装有一个轧制刀具5(图1只示出一个刀具架4。但例如也可以用3个或多于4个的刀具架)。刀具架4相互间各错开β=360°/N分布在带筋管1的周缘面上。刀具架4可以沿径向进给。刀具架4本身配置在一个固定的(未示出的)轧制头上(在另一种实施例中,该管在轧制头转动时只能沿轴向移动)。
光滑面的管1’沿箭头方向X进入装置中,并通过设在其周缘面上的轧制或旋转刀具可转动地来将其驱动,此时轧制刀具5的轴6相对于管轴线是以一个倾斜或螺旋角以及一个锥角伸展。轴6的倾斜角α要对应于所要求的螺纹头数n按照关系式(2)来调节。轧制刀具5按照公知方式是由多个相互并列设置在轴6上的轧制盘7组成的,这些轧制盘7的直径是沿箭头方向X增大的。周向上设置的轧制刀具5使光滑面的管1’的管壁外表面上形成呈螺旋线形分布的筋片2,此时光滑面的管1’用一个成型芯轴8来支承。由此同时也在带筋管1的内表面上形成用标号9表示的呈螺旋线形分布的筋片。
轧制方法可以在管的周缘面上或在有筋片和无筋片的管段之间过渡部分处清楚地看到,因为轧制盘在轧入管壁中时与管壁的接合要按组进行的。
图3示意性地示出本发明的轧制方法和常规轧制方法在例如六个螺纹头轧制情况下的区别。根据图3a所示,三组分别有两个相互并列配置的筋片螺纹头起端A1,A2或A3,A4或A5,A6(最后一组未示出)均匀地分布在管周缘面上,而根据图3b所示,管周级面上则设有六个单独的起端A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6(A4-A6未示出)。(图3a,3b中以前所用的件号有一部分设有下标)。
数据举例:
按照上述方法,一个筋片间距tR≈0.53毫米的带筋管1是用一个具有四个轧制刀具5的装置加工出的,它有八个螺纹头。这种管型的筋片直径D=19毫米,筋高hR=0.95毫米。在同一工序中在带筋管的内表面上加工出一个呈螺旋线形的内筋结构,其具有大约40个内筋9,它们相对于管轴线以螺旋角θ=45°延伸。
实现的另一种情况是基于轧制具有一个片距tR≈0.64毫米的带筋管1,它有八个螺纹头,其内部结构与前述的相似。
图4是表示不同于图1所示的一种轧制装置的另一装置,其中筋片顶端被顶锻而形成T形筋片顶端2′。为此,在刀具架4中附加地装上一个顶锻盘10。
为了说明带筋管1的内部结构,图5示出垂直于管轴线的一个部分管的截面,在该截面中标有筋片直径D,内径Di,筋高hi,以及平均侧面间距W和内筋9的顶角γ。
Claims (25)
1.一种金属带筋管(1),尤其是用于热交换器或类似装置上的带筋管,其具有呈螺旋线形分布在外表面上的多头整体形成的筋片(2),这些筋片由螺纹头数n,筋片间距tR和筋片高度hR等参量来表示,其中n个筋片螺纹头从管端开始,这些筋片螺纹头均布在管周缘面上,其特征是,当螺纹头数n≥4时,至少构成一组筋片,该组筋片至少具有两个并列的筋片螺纹头起端(A1,A2或A3,A4…)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的带筋管,其特征是,每一组都是由两个筋片螺纹头起端构成的。
3.按照权利要求1所述的带筋管,其特征是,每一组都是三个筋片螺纹头起端构成的。
4.按照权利要求1所述的带筋管,其特征是,每一组都是由四个筋片螺纹头起端构成的。
5.按照权利要求1—4中之一或多个所述的带筋管,其特征是,筋片顶端(2’)被顶锻成加厚的端部。
6.按照权利要求1—4中之一或多个所述的带筋管,其特征是,筋片顶端(2’)开有槽口。
7.按照权利要求6所述的带筋管,其特征是,筋片顶端(2’)被分离和/或从侧面弯曲和/或被顶锻成空腔。
8.按照权利要求1—7中之一或多个所述的带筋管,其特征是,筋片间距tR=0.25~1.50毫米,筋片高度hR≤1.60毫米。
9.按照权利要求1—8中之一或多个所述的带筋管,其特征是,该管具有呈螺旋线形分布的内筋(9)。
10.按照权利要求9所述的带筋管,其特征是,由垂直于内筋(9)方向测量的内筋(9)的筋片间距ti=0.5~3毫米,内筋(9)的高度hi=0.2—0.5毫米,内筋(9)的螺旋角θ=25~70°。
11.按照权利要求9所述的带筋管,其特征是,内筋(9)的螺旋角θ=5~25°,内筋(9)的高度与管的内径之比为hi/Di=0.02~0.03,内筋(9)的平均侧面间距W=0.15~0.40毫米,内筋的顶角γ=30~60°。
12.按照权利要求1—8中之一或多个所述的带筋管,其特征是,内表面上具有波纹部分。
13.按照权利要求12所述的带筋管,其特征是,所述波纹是中断的。
14.按照权利要求12或13所述的带筋管,其特征是,波纹的轴向间距相应于由筋片间距tR和螺纹头数n形成的结果。
15.按照权利要求1—8中之一或多个所述的带筋管,其特征是,管在其内表面上有凸起,所述凸起由两个相互交叉的反向螺旋线形内筋道***构成。
16.一种制造带筋管的方法,其步骤包括:
a)在一个光滑面的管(1′)的外表面上轧制出呈螺旋线形分布的筋片(2),这是借助于一种轧制工序通过将管壁中的材料向外挤出以获得筋片材料来实现的;
b)在轧制工序过程中利用至少一个紧贴在管上的轧制刀具(5)来完成,该轧制刀具(5)由多个并列的不同直径的轧制盘(7)组成,这些轧制盘可沿径向挤入到管壁中,且其轴(6)在加工筋片的工序过程中以一个规定的并且相应于所要求螺纹头数n的倾斜角α而相对于管轴线进行设置;
c)光滑面的管(1′)由一个内置的轧制芯轴(8)支撑,
d)形成的带筋管(1)由于轧制力而被转动和/或相应地使形成的筋片(2)前移,这样筋片(2)的高度增加而从未变形的光滑面的管(1′)上成形出来,
其特征是包括以下步骤:
e)所要求的螺纹头数n与轧制刀具(5)的现有数目N匹配成,使一个或多个轧制刀具(5)都加工出一个以上的筋片螺纹头。
17.按照权利要求16的用于生产权利要求2所述带筋管的方法,其特征是,每个轧制刀具(5)都加工出两个筋片螺纹头。
18.按照权利要求16的用于生产权利要求3所述带筋管的方法,其特征是,每个轧制刀具(5)都加工出三个筋片螺纹头。
19.按照权利要求16的用于生产权利要求4所述带筋管的方法,其特征是,每个轧制刀具(5)都加工出四个筋片螺纹头。
20.按照权利要求16~19中之一或多个所述的用于生产按权利要求5所述带筋管的方法,其特征是,筋片顶端(2′)在至少一个步骤中借助于径向力而被变形。
21.按照权利要求16—19中之一或多个所述的用于生产权利要求6所述带筋管的方法,其特征是,至少通过一个槽口盘(10)在筋片顶端(2′)中挤压出槽口。
22.按照权利要求21的用于生产权利要求7所述带筋管的方法,其特征是,筋片顶端(2′)沿筋片(2)的方向被分离开和/或通过轴向力而被弯曲和/或通过径向力而被变形。
23.按照权利要求16—22中之一或多个所述的用于生产按权利要求9—11中之一或多个所述的带筋管的方法,其特征是,光滑面的管(1′)用一个成型轧制芯轴(8)支承。
24.按照权利要求16—22中之一或多个所述的用于生产按权利要求12或13所述带筋管的方法,其特征是,在筋片(2)加工成形后,筋片(2)之间的槽(3)被连续地或只在某些部位通过径向力而被向内挤压,此时在这些区域没有内部芯轴的支承,从而使管壁的材料被移动而构成在管内表面上的波纹凸起。
25.按照权利要求24的用于生产权利要求15所述带筋管的方法,其特征是,不是所有应用的轧制刀具(5)都配置一个波纹盘。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE4420756A DE4420756C1 (de) | 1994-06-15 | 1994-06-15 | Mehrgängiges Rippenrohr und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DEP4420756.5 | 1994-06-15 |
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CN1121581A true CN1121581A (zh) | 1996-05-01 |
CN1092787C CN1092787C (zh) | 2002-10-16 |
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CN95107059A Expired - Lifetime CN1092787C (zh) | 1994-06-15 | 1995-06-15 | 具有多头筋片的带筋管及其制造方法 |
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US (2) | US5803164A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0687880B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3945785B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100365667B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1092787C (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2150588C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE4420756C1 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY114272A (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA954310B (zh) |
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- 1995-05-31 CA CA002150588A patent/CA2150588C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-02 EP EP95108495A patent/EP0687880B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-02 DE DE59503311T patent/DE59503311D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-05 JP JP16145395A patent/JP3945785B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-06 US US08/465,758 patent/US5803164A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-13 KR KR1019950016124A patent/KR100365667B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-13 MY MYPI95001569A patent/MY114272A/en unknown
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Cited By (5)
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CN105234230A (zh) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-13 | 福建省晋江市佶龙机械工业有限公司 | 一种椭圆形轧片式散热管及其制造设备 |
CN105234624A (zh) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-13 | 福建省晋江市佶龙机械工业有限公司 | 一种椭圆轧片式散热管及其加工装置 |
CN105234229A (zh) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-13 | 福建省晋江市佶龙机械工业有限公司 | 一种椭圆形轧片式散热管及其制造设备 |
CN111229834A (zh) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-06-05 | 沈阳时代传感器科技有限公司 | 一种自收缩带筋紧固管套及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3945785B2 (ja) | 2007-07-18 |
CA2150588C (en) | 2006-12-19 |
DE4420756C1 (de) | 1995-11-30 |
EP0687880B1 (de) | 1998-08-26 |
DE59503311D1 (de) | 1998-10-01 |
MY114272A (en) | 2002-09-30 |
US5803164A (en) | 1998-09-08 |
EP0687880A1 (de) | 1995-12-20 |
JPH0857535A (ja) | 1996-03-05 |
KR100365667B1 (ko) | 2003-03-04 |
CA2150588A1 (en) | 1995-12-16 |
CN1092787C (zh) | 2002-10-16 |
ZA954310B (en) | 1996-03-05 |
US5761807A (en) | 1998-06-09 |
KR960001709A (ko) | 1996-01-25 |
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