CN112125728A - Organic selenium-rich special nutrient for loquat, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Organic selenium-rich special nutrient for loquat, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/35—Capsules, e.g. core-shell
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Abstract
The invention relates to a special nutrient for loquat rich in organic selenium and a preparation method and application thereof. The organic selenium-rich loquat special nutrient comprises the following components in parts by weight: comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of nano-selenium microcapsule nutrient, 2-5 parts of sweet potato peel, 2-3 parts of brassinolide, 1-3 parts of organic fertilizer, 1.1-2 parts of flat vine leaves, 1-1.5 parts of flat bamboo roots, 1.6 parts of glutamine, 0.5-1 part of glycine and 0.1-0.4 part of microbial fertilizer; the concentration of the nano-selenium microcapsule in the nano-selenium microcapsule nutrient is 5000-20000 mg/kg. The components are uniformly mixed and then crushed. Before the loquat trees blossom and bear fruits, applying the special nutrient for the loquat rich in organic selenium around the roots of the loquat trees. The dosage of the applied organic selenium-rich loquat special nutrient is 30-200 kg/mu.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a special nutrient for loquat rich in organic selenium and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Loquat, which is named as gold pill, reed branch, Latin name: eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. The leaves of the plant of Rosaceae, Eriobotrya, and Eriobotrya japonica are originally produced in southeast China, and can be used as medicine. The tree is 3-5 m high, the leaves are large and long, thick and hairy, and in an oblong shape like a Chinese lute. Also called as luju, luzhi, jin wan, yanguo and jiao zi. Unlike most fruit trees, loquat flowers in autumn or early winter, and fruits ripen earlier from spring to early summer than other fruits, so it is called "the fruit tree with unique four seasons of qi". The flower of loquat is white or light yellow, has five petals, has a diameter of about 2 cm, is bundled by five to ten flowers, and can be used as a honey source crop.
The pond perching soft strip white sand in the zone of Yun Hangzhou in Zhejiang Hangzhou city, the east Suzhou mountain (planting white sand loquat), the west Suzhou mountain (green loquat) and the treasure pit of Fujian Pu Tian are the producing areas of three loquats in China. The ripe loquat has sweet taste and rich nutrition, and contains various fructose, glucose, potassium, phosphorus, iron, calcium, vitamin A, B, C, etc. The content of the carotenoids is third in each fruit. The loquat fruit is considered by the traditional Chinese medicine to have the effects of moistening lung, relieving cough and quenching thirst. Peeling should be done when eating loquat. Besides being eaten fresh, loquat meat can be made into syrup, or loquat wine can be made. Loquat contains amygdalin in all of leaves, fruits and seeds.
Selenium, element symbol is Se, is a trace element necessary for human body, and has biological properties of resisting cancer, resisting oxidation (aging), improving human immunity, antagonizing heavy metals and the like. Selenium deficiency, which is a component of glutathione peroxidase and is capable of scavenging oxygen radicals, can lead to the occurrence of diseases such as Kaschin-Beck disease, keshan disease, etc. In addition, selenium also has effects of delaying aging, enhancing immunity, resisting cancer, and protecting cardiovascular system. The data published by the WHO indicates that more than 40 countries in the world belong to low selenium or selenium-deficient areas, and the areas of china 2/3 belong to selenium-deficient areas, wherein 1/3 areas are serious selenium-deficient areas. The Chinese Nutrition society recommends a daily intake of 50-250 μm. However, the daily selenium intake of adults in China is only 26-50 μm, so that the situation of selenium malnutrition generally exists in China. 72% of counties (cities) in China have low selenium or lack of selenium, and Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck disease occur in serious selenium-lack areas such as Heilongjiang, inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan. In addition, people with low immunity or cancer patients need to supplement a certain dose of selenium to improve the autoimmunity, and the general selenium supplement mode is an artificial synthetic drug supplement, so that the toxic and side effects are large. Particularly, the selenium quantity required to be supplemented for cancer patients during daily chemotherapy is about 800 mu m, and the toxicity becomes an important reference for the dosage. The human body can take selenium mainly through food, so the development of selenium-rich food has very important significance.
The selenium-rich agricultural and sideline products are effective ways for supplementing selenium elements to human bodies, so the selenium-rich technology is a hot field for research and development of scientists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a special nutrient for loquat rich in organic selenium and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention firstly provides a special nutrient for loquat rich in organic selenium, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of nano-selenium microcapsule nutrient, 2-5 parts of sweet potato peel, 2-3 parts of brassinolide, 1-3 parts of organic fertilizer, 1.1-2 parts of flat vine leaves, 1-1.5 parts of flat bamboo roots, 1.6 parts of glutamine, 0.5-1 part of glycine and 0.1-0.4 part of microbial fertilizer; the concentration of the nano-selenium microcapsule in the nano-selenium microcapsule nutrient is 5000-20000 mg/kg.
Further, the preparation method of the nano-selenium microcapsule comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out oxidation-reduction reaction on the selenium-containing inorganic substance aqueous solution and the chitin aqueous solution for 30-60 min;
(2) neutralizing with alkali to form microcapsule;
(3) washing with a detergent;
(4) and dehydrating the washed microcapsule to obtain the nano-selenium microcapsule.
Furthermore, the content of organic matters in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 20 percent.
Furthermore, the concentration of the biological bacteria of the microbial fertilizer is more than or equal to 1 hundred million/kg.
The method for preparing the organic selenium-rich loquat special nutrient comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the components and then crushing the components.
The nutrient special for the loquat rich in organic selenium is applied around the root of the loquat before the loquat blooms and fruits.
Further, the application of the organic selenium-rich loquat special nutrient is characterized in that: the total selenium content of the applied organic selenium-rich loquat special nutrient is 30-200 kg/mu.
Has the advantages that:
1. at present, the common oral selenium supplement agents in the markets at home and abroad are mainly divided into two categories of inorganic selenium and organic selenium. The inorganic selenium mainly comprises selenate, selenite (sodium selenite, zinc selenite, etc.), selenium oxide, selenium sulfide, selenium chloride, selenide (hydrogen selenide, sodium selenide, potassium selenide, etc.), etc.; the organic selenium mainly comprises selenium polysaccharide, selenium-containing protein, seleno-amino acid, selenium-rich yeast, selenium-rich edible fungi and other artificially synthesized organic selenium compounds. However, although these selenium supplements have a certain selenium supplementing effect, they generally have the defects of high toxicity, narrow safety range of safe dose and toxic dose, and even have the problems of complex process, unstable product dose, high cost and the like. The organic selenium-rich loquat special nutrient provided by the invention adopts nano selenium microcapsules, and is safe and nontoxic.
2. The preparation method has the advantages of wide raw material source, simple and convenient production process, reduced energy consumption and waste discharge, suitability for industrial production and safe and controllable components and quality of the product.
3. Organic molecules such as humic acid in the organic fertilizer and the like can form a chelate with selenium in the nano-selenium plant nutrient, and targeted absorption of organic matters and selenium by the loquats is facilitated.
4. The microbial fertilizer can activate soil and promote the release of selenium and other trace elements in the nano-selenium plant nutrient.
5. The nutrient special for the loquat rich in organic selenium provided by the invention is applied to loquat soil in a specific time period, and the conventional water and fertilizer management is combined, so that the roots of the loquat tree absorb selenoamino acid converted from inorganic selenium through photosynthesis and are transported to fruits to form various selenium-containing macromolecular nutrient substances, and the loquat rich in organic selenium with stable quality is cultivated. Compared with inorganic selenium, organic selenium (selenomethionine, selenocysteine and the like) has higher safety, no toxic or side effect, easy absorption and utilization by human bodies, long retention time in the bodies and easy establishment of selenium storage.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Preparing a special nutrient for the loquat rich in organic selenium: 2 parts of nano-selenium microcapsule nutrient, 2 parts of sweet potato peel, 2 parts of brassinolide, 1 part of organic fertilizer, 1.1 parts of flat vine leaves, 1 part of flat bamboo roots, 1.6 parts of glutamine, 0.5 part of glycine and 0.1 part of microbial fertilizer; the concentration of the nano-selenium microcapsule in the nano-selenium microcapsule nutritional agent is 5000 mg/kg.
The organic selenium-rich loquat special nutrient provided by the invention is obtained by uniformly mixing the components and then crushing the mixture.
In the designated loquat garden in east mountain of Suzhou, the special nutrient for the loquat rich in organic selenium is applied around the root of the loquat before the loquat blooms and fruits, and the using amount is 30 kg/mu. After harvesting, the selenium content of the mature loquat rich in organic selenium is tested.
Through detection, after the loquat rich in the organic selenium loquat special nutrient is applied, the content of the selenium after the ripe loquat is about 19 mu m/kg on average, the content of the selenium reaches the selenium content standard of 10-50 mu m/kg of selenium-rich fruits, and the proportion of the organic selenium in the loquat is more than 80%.
Example 2
Preparing a special nutrient for the loquat rich in organic selenium: 5 parts of nano-selenium microcapsule nutrient, 3 parts of sweet potato peel, 2.5 parts of brassinolide, 2 parts of organic fertilizer, 1.5 parts of flat vine leaves, 1.3 parts of flat bamboo roots, 1.6 parts of glutamine, 0.8 part of glycine and 0.2 part of microbial fertilizer; the concentration of the nano-selenium microcapsule in the nano-selenium microcapsule nutritional agent is 10000 mg/kg.
The organic selenium-rich loquat special nutrient provided by the invention is obtained by uniformly mixing the components and then crushing the mixture.
In the designated loquat garden in east mountain of Suzhou, before the loquat trees blossom and bear fruits, the special nutrient for the loquat rich in organic selenium is applied around the roots of the loquat trees, and the using amount is 100 kg/mu. After harvesting, the selenium content of the mature loquat rich in organic selenium is tested.
Through detection, after the loquat rich in the organic selenium loquat special nutrient is applied, the content of the selenium after the ripe loquat is about 28 mu m/kg on average, the content of the selenium reaches the selenium content standard of 10-50 mu m/kg of selenium-rich fruits, and the proportion of the organic selenium in the loquat is more than 80%.
Example 3
Preparing a special nutrient for the loquat rich in organic selenium: 8 parts of nano-selenium microcapsule nutrient, 5 parts of sweet potato peel, 3 parts of brassinolide, 3 parts of organic fertilizer, 2 parts of flat vine leaves, 1.5 parts of flat bamboo roots, 1.6 parts of glutamine, 1 part of glycine and 0.4 part of microbial fertilizer; the concentration of the nano-selenium microcapsule in the nano-selenium microcapsule nutritional agent is 20000 mg/kg.
The organic selenium-rich loquat special nutrient provided by the invention is obtained by uniformly mixing the components and then crushing the mixture.
In the designated loquat garden in east mountain of Suzhou, before the loquat trees blossom and bear fruits, the special nutrient for the loquat rich in organic selenium is applied around the roots of the loquat trees, and the using amount is 100 kg/mu. After harvesting, the selenium content of the mature loquat rich in organic selenium is tested.
Through detection, after the loquat rich in the organic selenium loquat special nutrient is applied, the average selenium content is 47 mu m/kg after the ripe loquat is ripe, the selenium content reaches the selenium content standard of 10-50 mu m/kg of selenium-rich fruits, and the proportion of organic form selenium in the loquat is more than 80%.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the concentration of the nano-selenium microcapsule in the nano-selenium microcapsule nutrient is different, the rest is the same, and the concentration of the comparative example is 1000 mg/kg.
Through detection, after the loquat rich in the organic selenium loquat special nutrient is applied, the content of selenium after the ripe loquat is about 6 mu m/kg on average, the content of selenium can not reach the selenium content standard of 10-50 mu m/kg of selenium-rich fruits, and the proportion of organic form selenium in the loquat is more than 80%.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the concentration of the nano-selenium microcapsule in the nano-selenium microcapsule nutrient is different, the rest is the same, and the concentration of the comparative example is 3000 mg/kg.
Through detection, after the loquat rich in the organic selenium loquat special nutrient is applied, the content of selenium after the ripe loquat is about 9 mu m/kg on average, the content of selenium cannot reach the selenium content standard of 10-50 mu m/kg of selenium-rich fruits, but the proportion of organic form selenium in the loquat is more than 80%.
Comparative example 3
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the concentration of the nano-selenium microcapsule in the nano-selenium microcapsule nutrient is different, the rest is the same, and the concentration of the comparative example is 10000 mg/kg.
Through detection, after the loquat rich in the organic selenium loquat special nutrient is applied, the content of the selenium after the ripe loquat is about 25 mu m/kg on average, the selenium content reaches the selenium content standard of 10-50 mu m/kg of selenium-rich fruits, and the proportion of the organic form selenium in the loquat is more than 80%.
Comparative example 4
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the concentration of the nano-selenium microcapsule in the nano-selenium microcapsule nutrient is different, the rest is the same, and the concentration of the comparative example is 20000 mg/kg.
Through detection, after the loquat rich in the organic selenium loquat special nutrient is applied, the content of the selenium after the ripe loquat is about 53 mu m/kg on average and exceeds the selenium content standard of the selenium-rich fruits by 10-50 mu m/kg, and the proportion of the organic form selenium in the loquat is more than 80%.
The application amount is increased due to the fact that the total selenium concentration in the organic selenium-rich loquat special nutrient is too low, the total selenium concentration is easily over the safety limit standard and the organic selenium proportion is possibly reduced due to the fact that the total selenium concentration is too high, and therefore the concentration of the nano selenium microcapsules in the nano selenium microcapsule nutrient is 5000-20000mg/kg is appropriate.
Comparative example 5
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the dosage of the nutrient special for the loquat rich in organic selenium is different, and the dosage of the comparative example is 10 kg/mu.
Through detection, after the loquat which is applied with the special nano-selenium plant nutrient formula rich in organic selenium is ripe, the selenium content is only 6.8 mu m/kg on average, the selenium content can not reach the selenium content standard of 10-50 mu m/kg of selenium-rich fruits, but the proportion of selenium in the loquat in an organic form is more than 80%.
Comparative example 6
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the dosage of the nutrient special for the loquat rich in organic selenium is different, and the dosage of the comparative example is 50 kg/mu.
Through detection, after the loquat is matured, the selenium content of the ripe loquat is about 27 mu m/kg on average, the ripe loquat can reach the selenium content standard of 10-50 mu m/kg of selenium-rich fruits, and the proportion of selenium in the loquat in an organic form is more than 80%.
Comparative example 7
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the dosage of the nutrient special for the loquat rich in organic selenium is different, and the dosage of the comparative example is 100 kg/mu.
Through detection, after the loquat is matured, the selenium content of the ripe loquat is about 37 mu m/kg on average, the loquat can reach the selenium content standard of 10-50 mu m/kg of selenium-rich fruits, and the proportion of selenium in the loquat in an organic form is more than 80%.
Comparative example 8
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the dosage of the nutrient special for the loquat rich in organic selenium is different, and the dosage of the comparative example is 200 kg/mu.
Through detection, after the loquat is matured, the selenium content of the ripe loquat which is applied with the nano-selenium plant nutrient formula specially used for the loquat rich in organic selenium is about 48 mu m/kg on average, the selenium content standard of the selenium-rich fruits of 10-50 mu m/kg can be achieved, and the proportion of selenium in the loquat in an organic form is more than 80%.
Comparative example 9
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the dosage of the nutrient special for the loquat rich in organic selenium is different, and the dosage of the comparative example is 300 kg/mu.
Through detection, after the loquat in the formula of the nano-selenium plant nutrient specially used for the loquat rich in organic selenium is matured, the selenium content is about 56 mu m/kg on average and exceeds the selenium content standard of 10-50 mu m/kg of selenium-rich fruits, and the proportion of selenium in the loquat in an organic form is more than 80%.
Comparative example 10
The comparative example differs from example 1 in the time of application, which is applied during the long leaf stage of the loquat tree.
Through detection, the selenium content of the ripe loquats is only 12 mu m/kg on average, can reach the selenium content standard of 10-50 mu m/kg of selenium-rich fruits, but the content is slightly lower.
From the above experiments it can be seen that: before the loquat trees blossom and fruit, the loquat nutrient rich in organic selenium provided by the invention is applied, the loquat trees have enough time to absorb and convert the selenium in the special nano selenium plant nutrient rich in organic selenium for the loquats, the production requirement of the loquats rich in organic selenium is met, but the time cannot be too advanced.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The organic selenium-rich loquat special nutrient is characterized in that: comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of nano-selenium microcapsule nutrient, 2-5 parts of sweet potato peel, 2-3 parts of brassinolide, 1-3 parts of organic fertilizer, 1.1-2 parts of flat vine leaves, 1-1.5 parts of flat bamboo roots, 1.6 parts of glutamine, 0.5-1 part of glycine and 0.1-0.4 part of microbial fertilizer; the concentration of the nano-selenium microcapsule in the nano-selenium microcapsule nutrient is 5000-20000 mg/kg.
2. The special nutrient for loquat rich in organic selenium according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the nano-selenium microcapsule comprises the following steps:
carrying out oxidation-reduction reaction on the selenium-containing inorganic substance aqueous solution and the chitin aqueous solution for 30-60 min;
neutralizing with alkali to form microcapsule;
washing with a detergent;
and dehydrating the washed microcapsule to obtain the nano-selenium microcapsule.
3. The special nutrient for loquat rich in organic selenium according to claim 1, wherein: the content of organic matters in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 20 percent.
4. The special nutrient for loquat rich in organic selenium according to claim 1, wherein: the biological bacteria concentration of the microbial fertilizer is more than or equal to 1 hundred million/kg.
5. A method for preparing the organic selenium-rich loquat specialized nutrient according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the components are uniformly mixed and then crushed.
6. The use of the special nutrient for loquat rich in organic selenium as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: before the loquat trees blossom and bear fruits, applying the special nutrient for the loquat rich in organic selenium around the roots of the loquat trees.
7. The use of the nutrient as claimed in claim 6, wherein the nutrient is selected from the group consisting of: the dosage of the applied organic selenium-rich loquat special nutrient is 30-200 kg/mu.
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