CN112021115A - Ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method for aquatic vegetables by using lotus roots and shrimps together - Google Patents
Ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method for aquatic vegetables by using lotus roots and shrimps together Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method for lotus roots and shrimps as aquatic vegetables, which comprises the following steps: 1) reforming a lotus root field; 2) a, disinfecting and supplementing calcium; b. removing wild trash fish; c. applying a base fertilizer: applying 500 kg/mu of human and animal manure, 1500-; 3) planting lotus roots; 4) and (3) breeding of crayfishes: a. seedling releasing: after lotus roots in the lotus root field grow lotus root tips and are exposed out of the water surface, shrimp seedlings are bred in the lotus root field, and the feeding amount is 25-30 kg/mu; b. feeding; c. adjusting the water quality; d. improving the substrate; 5) and (3) maturing: the crayfish reaches the market standard 45 days after being fed; the lotus root can be harvested 40 days after the lotus root is planted, the lotus seed can be harvested 100 days later, and the lotus root can be harvested 220 days later. The invention obviously improves the economic benefit of the lotus root field in unit area; the lotus root, lotus seed, lotus root and crayfish have high yield per mu and good quality, and realize the symbiosis and stable and high yield of crayfish and lotus root.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding, and particularly relates to an ecological three-dimensional breeding method for lotus root and shrimp co-culture aquatic vegetables.
Background
Crayfish is also known as procambarus clarkii, crayfish red and freshwater crayfish. It is shaped like shrimp and hard in shell. The length of the formed body is about 5.6-11.9 cm, the formed body is dark red, the crust part is nearly black, and the back of the abdomen is provided with a wedge-shaped stripe. The young shrimp bodies are uniformly gray and sometimes have black ripples. The chelate is long and narrow. The middle part of the crust is not separated by the mesh-shaped gap, and the crust is obviously provided with particles. The crayfish is a freshwater economic crayfish and is popular with people because of delicious meat taste. Due to the omnivorous property, the fast growth speed and the strong adaptability, the method forms an absolute competitive advantage in the local ecological environment. The feeding range of the feed comprises aquatic weeds, algae, aquatic insects, animal carcasses and the like. Escape should be strictly prevented in the commercial breeding process, especially escape into the rarely occurring original ecological water body, which causes destructive harm to the ecological competitive advantage of local species.
Lotus root, belonging to the family Nelumbonaceae. The lotus root is slightly sweet and crisp, can be eaten raw or cooked, and is one of common dishes. The lotus root is also a plant with high medicinal value, and the root leaves and the flower whiskers and the fruits of the lotus root are all precious and can be used as the medicine for nourishing. The lotus root is made into powder, can digest and stop diarrhea, whet the appetite and clear heat, nourish and nourish the sex, prevent internal bleeding, and is good fluid food box nourishing Jiazhen for women, children and child old woman and the weak and sick people.
At present, the space utilization rate is improved by the existing method for co-culture and breeding of lotus roots and crayfishes, but the existing method for co-culture and breeding of lotus roots and crayfishes is still imperfect and cannot achieve stable and high yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ecological three-dimensional breeding method for lotus root and shrimp co-culture aquatic vegetables aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, and solves the problems that the existing lotus root and shrimp co-culture breeding method is not perfect and can not realize stable production and high yield.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the lotus roots and the shrimps as aquatic vegetables comprises the following steps:
1) transformation of lotus root field: digging an annular ditch into the lotus root field along the outer edge of a ridge around the lotus root field; widening, reinforcing and heightening ridges; the water outlet and the ridge of the lotus root field are uniformly provided with escape-proof nets, and the water inlet is provided with a filtering device;
2) preparation before breeding: a. disinfection and calcium supplement: spreading quicklime in lotus root field at 50-100 kg/mu; b. removing wild trash fish: draining water in the lotus root field, wherein the water depth in the annular ditch is 0.5 m, and removing wild trash fish by scattering tea seed cakes in the annular ditch, wherein the using amount is 25-30 kg/mu; c. applying a base fertilizer: applying 500 kg/mu of human and animal manure, 1500-;
3) planting lotus roots: planting clusters are prepared by using 3-4 lotus roots per unit area and 30 clusters of lotus roots per unit area, a 3-4cm shallow water layer is kept in each cluster, 3-4 good disease-free lotus roots are placed in a radial mode, the heads of the lotus roots face the center of the planting clusters, the bodies of the lotus roots lie on the side, the heads of the lotus roots face slightly, the tail sections face upwards, and mud layers are slightly covered at the positions of the lotus roots to keep the lotus roots not to float out; irrigating 10-13cm deep water after planting and preserving heat;
4) and (3) breeding of crayfishes: a. seedling releasing: after lotus roots in the lotus root field grow lotus root tips and are exposed out of the water surface, shrimp seedlings are bred in the lotus root field, and the feeding amount is 25-30 kg/mu; b. feeding: the daily feeding amount is 5 percent of the total mass of the shrimp seeds in the lotus root field; c. water quality regulation: the method mainly comprises the steps of culturing algae in the early stage of lotus root field water quality regulation and culturing bacteria in the later stage; d. improving the substrate: after feeding is started, the potassium hydrogen persulfate is used for changing the bottom of the lotus root field every 15 days;
5) and (3) maturing: feeding crayfish in lotus root field for 45 days to reach market standard; the lotus root can be harvested 40 days after the lotus root is planted, the lotus seed can be harvested 100 days later, and the lotus root can be harvested 220 days later.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an ecological three-dimensional breeding method for planting lotus roots and intercropping crayfishes by utilizing a water area environment close to the original ecology, which can effectively prevent diseases of the crayfishes and achieve ecological and healthy breeding. The crayfish is cultured in the lotus root field, and the natural and abundant bait resources in the lotus root field are utilized, so that the culture cost of the crayfish is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the crayfish is used for ecologically weeding and removing pests in the lotus root field, so that less fertilizer and less pesticide are applied, and the economic benefit of the unit area of the lotus root field is improved. The lotus root, lotus seed, lotus root and crayfish have high yield per mu and good quality, and realize the symbiosis and stable and high yield of crayfish and lotus root.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in the step 1), the upper opening of the annular groove is 8-10 meters wide, the lower opening of the annular groove is 4-6 meters wide and 1.5-2 meters deep; the ridge is 1.2 meters higher than the flat field; the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively positioned at two ends of the lotus root field.
Furthermore, after the density of the crayfishes in the lotus root field is reduced by 50 percent through fishing, 10-15kg of crayfish seedlings are supplemented per mu.
Further, in the step 2), the tea seed cake is soaked before use, and 1.5kg of edible salt and a proper amount of quicklime are added into every 50kg of tea seed cake.
Further, step 2) also includes: d. and (3) planting aquatic plants in the annular ditch, wherein the planting area of the aquatic plants is not more than 60% of the area of the aquaculture water body.
Further, at least one submerged aquatic plant selected from waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, hornworts and eyedrops is planted in the annular ditch, water peanuts or water spinach is planted in the ditch, and water hyacinth is planted on the water surface in a floating manner.
Further, in the step 3), the lotus root is space lotus or lotus nut.
Further, in the step 4), before the shrimp seeds are thrown in, the shrimp seeds which are transported to the base in a short distance are soaked by using saline water with the concentration of 3-5%, and the shrimp seeds which are transported to the base in a long distance or at a high temperature are soaked by using vitamin C.
Further, in the step 4), feeding is stopped when the air temperature reaches 28 ℃, floating organisms in the lotus root field are abundant, and partial bait is saved for crayfish breeding.
Further, in the step 4), c, fertilizing when the transparency of water in the lotus root field is larger than 30cm, wherein adopted fertilizer and water products comprise amino acid fertilizer paste and phosphate fertilizer; when the water temperature is higher than 25 ℃, beneficial bacteria are used for regulating the water quality, and the adopted culture products comprise photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that the aquatic plants are planted in the annular ditch to provide living environment for the crayfishes, namely, the aquatic plants play roles of increasing oxygen and purifying water, and providing natural green feed and hidden places for the crayfishes; before the shrimp larvae are put in, the shrimp larvae which are transported to a base in a short distance are soaked by saline water with the concentration of 3-5% so as to wash away ciliates on the surfaces of the shrimp larvae, and the shrimp larvae which are transported to the base in a long distance or at a high temperature are soaked by vitamin C so as to improve the survival rate of the shrimp larvae; the plankton in the lotus root field is utilized, and natural bait is provided for the crayfish through rich water, so that the breeding cost of the crayfish is further reduced, and the quality of the crayfish is improved.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
The astaxanthin content of the crayfish body is positively correlated with the capability of the crayfish body for resisting the external severe environment, namely the higher the astaxanthin content of the crayfish body is, the stronger the capability of the crayfish body for resisting the external severe environment is. The crayfish can not produce astaxanthin, the astaxanthin is obtained mainly through a food chain, namely edible microalgae and the like, and is continuously accumulated in the body to produce super-strong oxidation resistance. The astaxanthin can effectively enhance the capability of crayfish in resisting severe environment and improve the reproductive capacity. Therefore, the astaxanthin is a strong guarantee for the tenacious vitality of the crayfishes.
The ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the lotus roots and the shrimps as aquatic vegetables comprises the following steps:
1) transformation of lotus root field: digging an annular ditch into the lotus root field along the outer edge of a ridge around the lotus root field; widening, reinforcing and heightening ridges; the water outlet and the ridge of the lotus root field are uniformly provided with escape-proof nets, and the water inlet is provided with a filtering device;
2) preparation before breeding: a. disinfection and calcium supplement: spreading quicklime in lotus root field at 50-100 kg/mu; b. removing wild trash fish: draining water in the lotus root field, wherein the water depth in the annular ditch is 0.5 m, and removing wild trash fish by scattering tea seed cakes in the annular ditch, wherein the using amount is 25-30 kg/mu; c. applying a base fertilizer: applying 500 kg/mu of human and animal manure, 1500-;
3) planting lotus roots: planting clusters are prepared by using 3-4 lotus roots per unit area and 30 clusters of lotus roots per unit area, a 3-4cm shallow water layer is kept in each cluster, 3-4 good disease-free lotus roots are placed in a radial mode, the heads of the lotus roots face the center of the planting clusters, the bodies of the lotus roots lie on the side, the heads of the lotus roots face slightly, the tail sections face upwards, and mud layers are slightly covered at the positions of the lotus roots to keep the lotus roots not to float out; after planting, irrigating 10-13cm deep water, keeping the temperature, and checking frequently within one week, if lotus seeds float out, burying again;
4) and (3) breeding of crayfishes: a. seedling releasing: after lotus roots in the lotus root field grow lotus root tips and are exposed out of the water (so as to prevent young shrimps from cutting off tender buds of the lotus roots), young shrimps are put in the lotus root field, the putting amount is 25-30 kg/mu, about one kilogram and one hundred tails per mu, low-density cultivation is adopted, medicines can be omitted or the input of the medicines is reduced, the crayfish is ensured not to be damaged, and ecological and healthy cultivation is achieved; b. feeding: feeding 5% of the total mass of the young shrimps in the lotus root field every day, and feeding the young shrimps every day except special weather; c. water quality regulation: the method mainly comprises the steps of culturing algae in the early stage of lotus root field water quality regulation and culturing bacteria in the later stage; d. improving the substrate: after feeding is started, the bottom of the lotus root field is changed by using potassium hydrogen persulfate every 15 days to purify the environment at the bottom of the lotus root field, so that diseases of crayfish are prevented;
5) and (3) maturing: feeding crayfish in lotus root field for 45 days to reach market standard; the lotus root can be harvested 40 days after the lotus root is planted, the lotus seed can be harvested 100 days later, and the lotus root can be harvested 220 days later.
Feeding crayfish in lotus root field for 45 days to reach market standard, wherein more than 0.03kg of crayfish accounts for about 80% of crayfish in market; after the crayfish is caught and the density of the crayfish in the lotus root field is reduced by 50 percent, 10-15kg of crayfish seedlings are supplemented per mu.
The invention provides an ecological three-dimensional breeding method for planting lotus roots and intercropping crayfishes by utilizing a water area environment close to the original ecology, which can effectively prevent diseases of the crayfishes and achieve ecological and healthy breeding. The crayfish is cultured in the lotus root field, and the natural and abundant bait resources in the lotus root field are utilized, so that the culture cost of the crayfish is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the crayfish is used for ecologically weeding and removing pests in the lotus root field, so that less fertilizer and less pesticide are applied, and the economic benefit of the unit area of the lotus root field is improved. The lotus root, lotus seed, lotus root and crayfish have high yield per mu and good quality, and realize the symbiosis and stable and high yield of crayfish and lotus root.
The selection of the lotus root field should meet the requirement of the environmental quality index of 3.4 soil in DB 3301/T048.1-2003. The paddy field with sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer and high fertility is selected. Preferably, the selection of the lotus rhizome field: the lotus root field with sufficient water source, good water quality, no pollution, convenient irrigation and drainage, no drought and no waterlogging, flat terrain and continuous pieces (the fall is not more than 30cm), loam or clay as soil, water and fertilizer conservation, convenient traffic and complete electric power facilities is selected to reduce the cost of planting and breeding.
The water body environment where the crayfish and the lotus root are located is neutral and slightly alkaline.
Preferably, in the step 1), an annular ditch is excavated 7-8 meters from the outer edge of the ridge around the lotus root field to the lotus root field, and the dike feet are excavated 2 meters away from the ditch. The upper opening of the annular groove is 8-10 meters wide, the lower opening is 4-6 meters wide and 1.5-2 meters deep; the ridge is 1.2 meters higher than the flat field. The ridges are reinforced, heightened and widened by soil dug out by digging the annular ditches, the road surface of the large ridge around the lotus root field is 2-3 m wide, and the ridge is tamped every time one layer of soil is added during the ridge reinforcement. 20-mesh escape-preventing nets are uniformly arranged on the water outlet and the ridge of the lotus root field, and the height of the escape-preventing nets on the ridge is 60 cm. The water inlet of the lotus root field is provided with a filtering device, and the filtering device is preferably a long mesh bag with 20 meshes and is used for preventing harmful organisms or wild trash fish from entering the lotus root field along with water flow. The water inlet and the water outlet are respectively positioned at two ends of the lotus root field, the water inlet channel is built on a ridge at one end of the lotus root field, and the water outlet is built at the lower part of an annular ditch at the other end of the lotus root field.
Preferably, in the step 2), the tea seed cake is soaked before use, and 1.5kg of edible salt and a proper amount of quicklime are added into every 50kg of tea seed cake, so that the effective component saponin in the tea seed cake can be favorably seeped out.
Further, step 2) also includes: d. and (3) planting aquatic plants in the annular ditch, wherein the planting area of the aquatic plants is not more than 60% of the area of the aquaculture water body. Preferably, at least one submerged aquatic plant selected from the group consisting of waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, hornworts and eyedrops is planted in the annular ditch, water peanuts or water spinach is planted in the ditch, and water hyacinth is planted on the water surface in a floating manner to provide a living environment for the crayfish, namely the aquatic plant plays a role in increasing oxygen and purifying water and provides natural green feed and a hidden place for the crayfish.
It should be noted that in the step 2), the application of the base fertilizer c is not suitable for the application of the carbon-ammonium fertilizer, mainly because the carbon-ammonium fertilizer can generate ammonia gas which has adverse effects on the growth of the crayfishes.
Further, in the step 3), the lotus root is space lotus or lotus nut.
In the step 4), the standard for distinguishing the high-quality crayfish fries is as follows: seedlings in one hand are not attacked and are best transported when leaving water; the specification is as regular as possible, the appendages are complete, the body color is green yellow or black, and the luster is optimal; the activity is rapid, and the clamp is powerful.
Further, in the step 4), before the shrimp seeds are thrown in, the shrimp seeds which are transported to the base in a short distance are soaked in saline water with the concentration of 3-5% so as to wash away ciliates on the surface of the shrimp seeds, and the shrimp seeds which are transported to the base in a long distance or at a high temperature are soaked in vitamin C so as to improve the survival rate of the shrimp seeds. After soaking, the lotus root seeds are evenly put into a lotus root field.
Further, in the step 4), feeding is stopped after the air temperature reaches 28 ℃, floating organisms in the lotus root field are abundant, partial bait is saved for crayfish breeding, the crayfish breeding cost is greatly reduced, and the crayfish quality is improved.
Preferably, in the step 4), c, fertilizing water is carried out according to the transparency of the water body in the lotus root field, the water can be fertilized when the transparency is more than 30cm, and the adopted water fertilizing products comprise amino acid water fertilizing paste and phosphate fertilizer; when the water temperature is higher than 25 ℃, beneficial bacteria are used for regulating the water quality, and the adopted culture products comprise photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus, and natural bait is provided for crayfish through water fertilization, so that the breeding cost of the crayfish is further reduced, and the quality of the crayfish is improved.
And 5) putting the shrimp seedlings in the lotus rhizome field in 4 months, and fishing the shrimp seedlings to the market in 6 middle ten days after feeding. The crayfish catching tool is a ground cage, the ground cage is placed in a lotus root field, and the crayfish is collected by the cage in the early morning every day. In the high-temperature season of 7-8 months, the lotus leaves in the lotus root field can shade the light of the water body and reduce the temperature. Therefore, the water temperature in the lotus root field is about 5 ℃ lower than that of other water bodies, the growth cycle of the crayfishes is favorably prolonged, and meanwhile, the risk of diseases of the crayfishes in high-temperature seasons is remarkably reduced. The capture strategy of the crayfishes in the lotus root field is to capture the crayfishes for a long time, capture the crayfishes for a large time and keep the crayfishes for a small time until the density of the crayfishes in the lotus root field is greatly reduced, and supplement a proper amount of crayfish fries. The time of the lotus root field crayfish appearing on the market is just staggered with the peak time of the crayfish appearing on the market, and the selling price is good.
In the step 6), the lotus seeds are harvested in stages and in batches. The lotus seeds processed with the white lotus are harvested in advance when the lotus seeds are full and the shells are not hard, namely the lotus seeds (7-8 ripe) are purple brown or yellow brown, so as to remove the shells. Collecting semen Nelumbinis from flos Nelumbinis when the semen Nelumbinis is completely ripe, selecting lotus seedpod, spreading on clean bamboo pad, and drying in the sun.
The practice of ecological three-dimensional breeding of lotus roots and shrimps shows that when the crayfishes are bred at low density, fish drug products such as antibiotics, disinfectants, insecticides and the like do not need to be used in the whole process, and the crayfishes are not damaged when the crayfishes are managed properly. The disease prevention and control of crayfish cultivation adheres to the principle of ' cultivating water and protecting grass, mainly preventing and controlling ' and combining ' so as to reduce the input of medicines and achieve ecological healthy cultivation.
The lotus root fields of the embodiments 1-4 of the invention are all selected in the salining city of Hubei province, and the selected lotus root seeds are all space lotus.
Example 1
The ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the lotus roots and the shrimps as aquatic vegetables comprises the following steps:
1) transformation of lotus root field: digging an annular ditch into the lotus root field along the outer edge of a ridge around the lotus root field; widening, reinforcing and heightening ridges; the water outlet and the ridge of the lotus root field are uniformly provided with escape-proof nets, and the water inlet is provided with a filtering device;
2) preparation before breeding: a. disinfection and calcium supplement: spreading quicklime in lotus root field at 50 kg/mu; b. removing wild trash fish: draining water in a lotus root field, wherein the water depth in the annular groove is 0.5 m, scattering tea seed cakes in the annular groove to remove wild trash fish, the using amount is 30 kg/mu, soaking the tea seed cakes before use, and adding 1.5kg of edible salt and a proper amount of quicklime into every 50kg of the tea seed cakes; c. applying a base fertilizer: applying 500 kg/mu of human and animal manure, 1500 kg/mu of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer, 50 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer, 100 kg/mu of cake fertilizer and 12 kg/mu of potash fertilizer in the lotus root field; d. planting aquatic plants in the annular ditch, wherein the planting area of the aquatic plants is 50% of the area of the culture water body;
3) planting lotus roots: in the last ten days of 3 months, planting groups are made according to 30 groups of lotus seeds per mu, 3-4 lotus roots are used for each group, a 4cm shallow water layer is kept in each group, 3-4 good disease-free lotus seeds are placed in a radial mode, the heads of the lotus seeds face to the center of each planting group, the bodies of the lotus roots lie on the side, the heads of the lotus seeds face slightly, the tail sections face upwards, a mud layer is slightly covered at the positions of the lotus root sections, and the lotus seeds are kept not to float out; after planting, irrigating 10cm deep water and preserving heat;
4) and (3) breeding of crayfishes: a. seedling releasing: after lotus roots in the lotus root field grow lotus root tips and are exposed out of the water surface, shrimp seedlings are bred in the lotus root field, and the feeding amount is 25 kg/mu; before the shrimp seeds are put in, the shrimp seeds which are transported to a base in a short distance are soaked by saline water with the concentration of 3 percent, and the shrimp seeds which are transported to the base in a long distance or at a high temperature are soaked by vitamin C; b. feeding: the daily feeding amount is 5 percent of the total mass of the shrimp seeds in the lotus root field; feeding is stopped after the temperature reaches 28 ℃, floating organisms in the lotus root field are abundant, and partial bait is saved for crayfish culture; c. water quality regulation: the lotus root field water quality regulation early stage (in 6 months) is mainly based on algae cultivation, and the later stage (in 7-9 months) is mainly based on bacteria cultivation; d. improving the substrate: after feeding is started, the potassium hydrogen persulfate is used for changing the bottom of the lotus root field every 15 days;
5) catching and marketing the crayfishes: feeding crayfish in lotus root field for 45 days to reach market standard, wherein more than 0.03kg of crayfish accounts for 92% of crayfish in market; after the crayfish in the lotus root field is caught and the density of the crayfish is reduced by 50 percent, 15kg of crayfish seedlings are supplemented per mu;
6) harvesting and reserving seeds of lotus roots: a. harvesting: in month 5, controlling the water level of the lotus root field to be 20cm, and harvesting lotus roots; in 7-10 months, controlling the water level of the lotus root field at 50cm, and harvesting lotus seeds in batches by stages; harvesting lotus roots in 11 months; b. reserving seeds: keeping a layer of shallow water in the lotus root field, and reserving the lotus root seeds through the winter on the spot.
In the embodiment, the wholesale price of the harvested lotus root is 16 yuan/kg, the wholesale price of the lotus seeds is 18 yuan/kg, the wholesale price of the lotus roots is 2.4 yuan/kg, and the wholesale price of the crayfish is 40 yuan/kg.
Example 2
The ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the lotus roots and the shrimps as aquatic vegetables comprises the following steps:
1) transformation of lotus root field: digging an annular ditch into the lotus root field along the outer edge of a ridge around the lotus root field; widening, reinforcing and heightening ridges; the water outlet and the ridge of the lotus root field are uniformly provided with escape-proof nets, and the water inlet is provided with a filtering device;
2) preparation before breeding: a. disinfection and calcium supplement: spreading quicklime in lotus root field at 75 kg/mu; b. removing wild trash fish: draining water in a lotus root field, wherein the water depth in the annular groove is 0.5 m, scattering tea seed cakes in the annular groove to remove wild trash fish, the using amount is 28 kg/mu, soaking the tea seed cakes before use, and adding 1.5kg of edible salt and a proper amount of quicklime into every 50kg of the tea seed cakes; c. applying a base fertilizer: applying 500 kg/mu of human and animal manure, 2000 kg/mu of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer, 45 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer, 90 kg/mu of cake fertilizer and 10 kg/mu of potash fertilizer in the lotus root field; d. planting aquatic plants in the annular ditch, wherein the planting area of the aquatic plants is 60% of the area of the culture water body;
3) planting lotus roots: in the last ten days of 3 months, planting groups are prepared according to 30 groups of lotus seeds per mu, 3-4 lotus roots are used for each group, a 3cm shallow water layer is kept in each group, 3-4 good disease-free lotus seeds are placed in a radial mode, the heads of the lotus seeds face to the center of each planting group, the bodies of the lotus roots lie on the side, the heads of the lotus seeds face slightly, the tail sections face upwards, a mud layer is slightly covered at the positions of the lotus root sections, and the lotus seeds are kept not to float out; irrigating 11cm deep water after planting and preserving heat;
4) and (3) breeding of crayfishes: a. seedling releasing: after lotus roots in the lotus root field grow lotus root tips and are exposed out of the water surface, shrimp seedlings are bred in the lotus root field, and the feeding amount is 27 kg/mu; before the shrimp seeds are put in, the shrimp seeds which are transported to a base in a short distance are soaked by saline water with the concentration of 4 percent, and the shrimp seeds which are transported to the base in a long distance or at a high temperature are soaked by vitamin C; b. feeding: the daily feeding amount is 5 percent of the total mass of the shrimp seeds in the lotus root field; feeding is stopped after the temperature reaches 28 ℃, floating organisms in the lotus root field are abundant, and partial bait is saved for breeding the crayfish; c. water quality regulation: the lotus root field water quality regulation early stage (in 6 months) is mainly based on algae cultivation, and the later stage (in 7-9 months) is mainly based on bacteria cultivation; d. improving the substrate: after feeding is started, the potassium hydrogen persulfate is used for changing the bottom of the lotus root field every 15 days;
5) catching and marketing the crayfishes: feeding crayfish in lotus root field for 45 days to reach market standard, wherein more than 0.03kg of crayfish accounts for 90% of crayfish in market; after the crayfish is caught and the density of the crayfish in the lotus root field is reduced by 50 percent, 14kg of crayfish seedlings are supplemented per mu;
6) harvesting and reserving seeds of lotus roots: a. harvesting: in 6 months, controlling the water level of the lotus root field to be 25cm, and harvesting lotus roots; in 7-10 months, controlling the water level of the lotus root field at 55cm, and harvesting lotus seeds in batches by stages; harvesting lotus roots in 12 months; b. reserving seeds: keeping a layer of shallow water in the lotus root field, and reserving the lotus root seeds through the winter on the spot.
In the embodiment, the wholesale price of the harvested lotus root is 16 yuan/kg, the wholesale price of the lotus seeds is 18 yuan/kg, the wholesale price of the lotus roots is 2.4 yuan/kg, and the wholesale price of the crayfish is 36 yuan/kg.
Example 3
The ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the lotus roots and the shrimps as aquatic vegetables comprises the following steps:
1) transformation of lotus root field: digging an annular ditch into the lotus root field along the outer edge of a ridge around the lotus root field; widening, reinforcing and heightening ridges; the water outlet and the ridge of the lotus root field are uniformly provided with escape-proof nets, and the water inlet is provided with a filtering device;
2) preparation before breeding: a. disinfection and calcium supplement: spreading quicklime in lotus root field at a dosage of 100 kg/mu; b. removing wild trash fish: draining water in a lotus root field, wherein the water depth in the annular groove is 0.5 m, spreading tea seed cakes in the annular groove to remove wild trash fish, the using amount is 25 kg/mu, soaking the tea seed cakes before use, and adding 1.5kg of edible salt and a proper amount of quicklime into every 50kg of the tea seed cakes; c. applying a base fertilizer: applying 500 kg/mu of human and animal manure, 2500 kg/mu of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer, 40 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer, 80 kg/mu of cake fertilizer and 15 kg/mu of potash fertilizer in the lotus root field; d. planting aquatic plants in the annular ditch, wherein the planting area of the aquatic plants is 55% of the area of the culture water body;
3) planting lotus roots: in the last ten days of 3 months, planting groups are made according to 30 groups of lotus seeds per mu, 3-4 lotus roots are used for each group, a 4cm shallow water layer is kept in each group, 3-4 good disease-free lotus seeds are placed in a radial mode, the heads of the lotus seeds face to the center of each planting group, the bodies of the lotus roots lie on the side, the heads of the lotus seeds face slightly, the tail sections face upwards, a mud layer is slightly covered at the positions of the lotus root sections, and the lotus seeds are kept not to float out; after planting, irrigating 12cm deep water and preserving heat;
4) and (3) breeding of crayfishes: a. seedling releasing: after lotus roots in the lotus root field grow lotus root tips and are exposed out of the water surface, shrimp seedlings are bred in the lotus root field, and the feeding amount is 30 kg/mu; before the shrimp seeds are put in, the shrimp seeds which are transported to a base in a short distance are soaked by saline water with the concentration of 5 percent, and the shrimp seeds which are transported to the base in a long distance or at a high temperature are soaked by vitamin C; b. feeding: the daily feeding amount is 5 percent of the total mass of the shrimp seeds in the lotus root field; feeding is stopped after the temperature reaches 28 ℃, floating organisms in the lotus root field are abundant, and partial bait is saved for breeding the crayfish; c. water quality regulation: the lotus root field water quality regulation early stage (in 6 months) is mainly based on algae cultivation, and the later stage (in 7-9 months) is mainly based on bacteria cultivation; d. improving the substrate: after feeding is started, the potassium hydrogen persulfate is used for changing the bottom of the lotus root field every 15 days;
5) catching and marketing the crayfishes: feeding crayfish in lotus root field for 45 days to reach market standard, wherein more than 0.03kg of crayfish accounts for 85% of crayfish in the market; after the crayfish in the lotus root field is caught and the density of the crayfish is reduced by 50 percent, 10kg of crayfish seedlings are supplemented per mu;
6) harvesting and reserving seeds of lotus roots: a. harvesting: in 6 months, controlling the water level of the lotus root field to be 30cm, and harvesting lotus roots; in 7-10 months, controlling the water level of the lotus root field at 60cm, and harvesting lotus seeds in batches by stages; harvesting lotus roots in 12 months; b. reserving seeds: keeping a layer of shallow water in the lotus root field, and reserving the lotus root seeds through the winter on the spot.
In the embodiment, the wholesale price of the harvested lotus root is 16 yuan/kg, the wholesale price of the lotus seeds is 18 yuan/kg, the wholesale price of the lotus roots is 2.4 yuan/kg, and the wholesale price of the crayfish is 32 yuan/kg.
Example 4
The ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the lotus roots and the shrimps as aquatic vegetables comprises the following steps:
1) transformation of lotus root field: digging an annular ditch into the lotus root field along the outer edge of a ridge around the lotus root field; widening, reinforcing and heightening ridges; the water outlet and the ridge of the lotus root field are uniformly provided with escape-proof nets, and the water inlet is provided with a filtering device;
2) preparation before breeding: a. disinfection and calcium supplement: spreading quicklime in lotus root field at 75 kg/mu; b. removing wild trash fish: draining water in a lotus root field, wherein the water depth in the annular groove is 0.5 m, scattering tea seed cakes in the annular groove to remove wild trash fish, the using amount is 28 kg/mu, soaking the tea seed cakes before use, and adding 1.5kg of edible salt and a proper amount of quicklime into every 50kg of the tea seed cakes; c. applying a base fertilizer: applying a compound fertilizer special for lotus roots in the lotus root field of 100 kg/mu; d. planting aquatic plants in the annular ditch, wherein the planting area of the aquatic plants is 60% of the area of the culture water body;
3) planting lotus roots: in ten days in 3 months, planting groups are prepared according to 30 groups of lotus seeds per mu, 3-4 lotus roots are used for each group, a 3cm shallow water layer is kept in each group, 3-4 good disease-free lotus seeds are placed in a radial mode, the heads of the lotus seeds face to the center of each planting group, the bodies of the lotus roots lie on the side, the heads of the lotus seeds face slightly, the tail sections face upwards, a mud layer is slightly covered at the positions of the lotus root sections, and the lotus seeds are kept not to float out; after planting, irrigating 13cm deep water and preserving heat;
4) and (3) breeding of crayfishes: a. seedling releasing: after lotus roots in the lotus root field grow lotus root tips and are exposed out of the water surface, shrimp seedlings are bred in the lotus root field, and the feeding amount is 28 kg/mu; before the shrimp seeds are put in, the shrimp seeds which are transported to a base in a short distance are soaked by saline water with the concentration of 4 percent, and the shrimp seeds which are transported to the base in a long distance or at a high temperature are soaked by vitamin C; b. feeding: the daily feeding amount is 5 percent of the total mass of the shrimp seeds in the lotus root field; feeding is stopped after the temperature reaches 28 ℃, floating organisms in the lotus root field are abundant, and partial bait is saved for breeding the crayfish; c. water quality regulation: the lotus root field water quality regulation early stage (in 6 months) is mainly based on algae cultivation, and the later stage (in 7-9 months) is mainly based on bacteria cultivation; d. improving the substrate: after feeding is started, the bottom of the lotus root field is changed by potassium hydrogen persulfate every 15 days so as to purify the bottom environment of the lotus root field;
5) catching and marketing the crayfishes: feeding crayfish in lotus root field for 45 days to reach the market standard, wherein more than 0.03kg of crayfish accounts for 88% of crayfish in the market; after the crayfish in the lotus root field is caught and the density of the crayfish is reduced by 50 percent, 12kg of crayfish seedlings are supplemented per mu;
6) harvesting and reserving seeds of lotus roots: a. harvesting: in month 5, controlling the water level of the lotus root field to be 25cm, and harvesting lotus roots; in 7-10 months, controlling the water level of the lotus root field at 50cm, and harvesting lotus seeds in batches by stages; harvesting lotus roots in 11 months; b. reserving seeds: keeping a layer of shallow water in the lotus root field, and reserving the lotus root seeds through the winter on the spot.
In the embodiment, the wholesale price of the harvested lotus root is 16 yuan/kg, the wholesale price of the lotus seeds is 18 yuan/kg, the wholesale price of the lotus roots is 2.4 yuan/kg, and the wholesale price of the crayfish is 36 yuan/kg.
Comparative example 1
The lotus root planting method disclosed in patent application No. CN201710227081.2 is adopted, example 1 in the specific implementation is taken as comparative example 1 of the present invention, and the specific planting steps are not described herein again.
Comparative example 1, fig. 1 was selected as a lotus root seed, which was washed before planting and then soaked in 800 times of carbendazim solution for 10 minutes to prevent root rot. 45kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 55kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 50kg of phosphate fertilizer, 2800kg of human and animal fertilizer, 35kg of uric acid and 9kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are applied to each mu in sequence.
In the comparative example, the wholesale price of the harvested lotus root is 14 yuan/kg, and the wholesale price of the harvested lotus root is 2.2 yuan/kg.
Comparative example 2
The crayfish breeding method disclosed in patent application No. CN201910688640.9 is adopted, example 1 in the specific implementation is taken as comparative example 2 of the invention, and the specific breeding steps are not described herein again. In this comparative example, the wholesale price of the cultured crayfish was 30 yuan/kg.
Examples 1-4 are all inventive examples, comparative examples 1-2 are prior art and inventive comparative examples, and the yields, costs and economic benefits of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2, respectively, were counted and calculated, and the results are given in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Referring to table 1, it can be seen from the data analysis of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 that the economic benefit of example 3 is the worst of the 4 groups of examples. However, as can be seen by comparing the data of example 3 with those of comparative examples 1-2, the economic benefit of example 3 is significantly better than that of comparative examples 1-2. Therefore, the technical effect of the technical scheme of the invention is obviously superior to that of the comparative examples 1-2, the technical effect of the preferred scheme of the invention is better, the economic benefit of the lotus root field unit area is obviously improved, the crayfish and the lotus root are symbiotic, the stable yield and the high yield are realized, and the technical problems in the prior art can be effectively solved.
In addition, the quality of the aquatic vegetables (lotus root, lotus seed and lotus root) and crayfish bred by the breeding method is good, is obviously superior to that of the comparative examples 1-2, and has good market competitiveness. The high-quality crayfish produced by the invention has large specification, is clean and full in meat quality, and has the price 6-10 yuan/kg higher than that of the common crayfish.
The mechanisms, components and parts of the present invention which are not described in detail are all the existing structures which exist in the prior art. Can be purchased directly from the market.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the lotus roots and the shrimps as aquatic vegetables is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) transformation of lotus root field: digging an annular ditch into the lotus root field along the outer edge of a ridge around the lotus root field; widening, reinforcing and heightening ridges; the water outlet and the ridge of the lotus root field are uniformly provided with escape-proof nets, and the water inlet is provided with a filtering device;
2) preparation before breeding: a. disinfection and calcium supplement: spreading quicklime in lotus root field at 50-100 kg/mu; b. removing wild trash fish: draining water in the lotus root field, wherein the water depth in the annular ditch is 0.5 m, and removing wild trash fish by scattering tea seed cakes in the annular ditch, wherein the using amount is 25-30 kg/mu; c. applying a base fertilizer: applying 500 kg/mu of human and animal manure, 1500-;
3) planting lotus roots: planting clusters are prepared by using 3-4 lotus roots per unit area and 30 clusters of lotus roots per unit area, a 3-4cm shallow water layer is kept in each cluster, 3-4 good disease-free lotus roots are placed in a radial mode, the heads of the lotus roots face the center of the planting clusters, the bodies of the lotus roots lie on the side, the heads of the lotus roots face slightly, the tail sections face upwards, and mud layers are slightly covered at the positions of the lotus roots to keep the lotus roots not to float out; irrigating 10-13cm deep water after planting and preserving heat;
4) and (3) breeding of crayfishes: a. seedling releasing: after lotus roots in the lotus root field grow lotus root tips and are exposed out of the water surface, shrimp seedlings are bred in the lotus root field, and the feeding amount is 25-30 kg/mu; b. feeding: the daily feeding amount is 5 percent of the total mass of the shrimp seeds in the lotus root field; c. water quality regulation: the method mainly comprises the steps of culturing algae in the early stage of lotus root field water quality regulation and culturing bacteria in the later stage; d. improving the substrate: after feeding is started, the potassium hydrogen persulfate is used for changing the bottom of the lotus root field every 15 days;
5) and (3) maturing: feeding crayfish in lotus root field for 45 days to reach market standard; the lotus root can be harvested 40 days after the lotus root is planted, the lotus seed can be harvested 100 days later, and the lotus root can be harvested 220 days later.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the upper opening of the annular groove is 8-10 m wide, the lower opening of the annular groove is 4-6 m wide and 1.5-2 m deep; the ridge is 1.2 meters higher than the flat field; the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively positioned at two ends of the lotus root field.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein 10-15kg of crayfish larvae is supplemented per acre after the density of the crayfish in the lotus root field is reduced by 50% by the catching.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the tea seed cake is soaked before use, and 1.5kg of edible salt and a proper amount of quicklime are added to every 50kg of tea seed cake.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein step 2) further comprises: d. and (3) planting aquatic plants in the annular ditch, wherein the planting area of the aquatic plants is not more than 60% of the area of the aquaculture water body.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein at least one submerged aquatic plant selected from the group consisting of waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, hornworts and gynura bicolor is planted in the annular trench, peanuts or water spinach is planted in the trench, and water hyacinths are planted on the water surface.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3), the lotus root is space lotus or lotus.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4), the young shrimps transported to the base at a short distance are soaked with 3-5% saline before the young shrimps are released, and the young shrimps transported to the base at a long distance or at a high temperature are soaked with vitamin C.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the feeding is stopped after the air temperature reaches 28 ℃, so that the floating organisms in the lotus root field are abundant, and part of bait is saved for the cultivation of crayfish.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), c, fertilizing is carried out when the transparency of water in the lotus root field is more than 30cm, and the adopted fertilizer and water products comprise amino acid fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer; when the water temperature is higher than 25 ℃, beneficial bacteria are used for regulating the water quality, and the adopted culture products comprise photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus.
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