CN102640635A - Seedling raising and planting method of tree honeysuckle - Google Patents
Seedling raising and planting method of tree honeysuckle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a seedling raising and planting method of tree honeysuckle. The seedling raising method comprises land leveling and ridge furrowing, pest control and disinfection, selection and handling of cuttings, cuttage, transplanting, shed erecting, and rooting reagent spraying; and the planting method comprises selection of a planting base, arrangement of the planting base, planting time, planting method, field management, tree shape cultivation, pest and disease control, reasonable use of pesticides, harvesting, processing and drying. Seedlings which do not carry the virus and have strong disease resistance are rapidly propagated at high temperature and humidity, and are cultivated into semiligneous tree honeysuckle by a field planting method such as scientific pruning and fertilization. Through the method, the honeysuckle blows for 4-5 times, the bud opening time is long, and the yield is high; the yield of the dried product is 400-500 g per tree on average, the survival rate of seedlings is 98%, and the tree age is 30-50 years; and the economic benefit is about 15,000 yuan/mu, and ideal seedlings of returning farmland to forest have well-developed root systems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the planting technology of a kind of traditional Chinese medicine honeysuckle, specifically is growing seedlings and planting method for planting of a kind of tree-like honeysuckle.
Background technology
Honeysuckle is caprifoliaceae plant dry flower or the first flower of opening of band of honeysuckle, is the traditional medicine food dual purpose plant commonly used of China, has another name called FLOSLONICERAE, honeysuckle stem etc.
The Compendium of Material Medica record: honeysuckle is got juice can lie prostrate sulphur system mercury, so the title of logical spirit is arranged, it is sweet, warm, nontoxic to say honeysuckle property again; It is swollen to cure mainly the fever and chills body, and clothes are made light of one's life by commiting suicide and lengthened one's life all the year round for a long time, and modern medicine study shows; Honeysuckle is rich in materials such as chlorogenic acid, cyanidenon, volatile oil and flavonoids; Return lung, the heart, stomach warp, can be clearing heat and detoxicating, dispelling wind and heat from the body.Be used for the swollen malignant boil larynx numbness of carbuncle, erysipelas, toxic-heat and blood stasis, the heating of anemopyretic cold warm disease.Have effects such as antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, hypotensive, reducing blood lipid, enhancing body immunity.Be widely used in medicine, health products, daily cosmetics, food and chemical industry.At present the demand of the annual honeysuckle of China reaches more than 2,000 ten thousand kilograms, and 1,000 ten thousand kilograms of actual production less thaies, wherein wild output accounts for 1/10th of whole output; Though and the honeysuckle process of mainly planting regional Shandong and Henan improves; But owing to cultivate kind of a method for planting is not science very, needs more than 30 days the time just can take root after the seedling cuttage, just can go out the garden more than 10 months; Seedling raise period is long and survival rate is low, below 60%; Honeysuckle lignification after the plantation is not obvious, and manageability is not prone to take place damage by disease and insect, so though cultivated area yields poorly greatly, can not bring into play the maximum use of land resources.
In addition, Japan, Korea S also have a lot of countries in Southeast Asia more to be regarded as jewellery to honeysuckle, and demand is very big in the world, has strengthened the supply breach.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly to cultivate to choose high-quality breeding honeysuckle; Breed the strong seedling of resistance against diseases that does not carry virus fast through high temperature, high humidity; Field planting methods such as the pruning through science, fertilising are cultivated into the tree-like honeysuckle of semi-lignified, and this method can make honeysuckle the flowers are in blossom 4-5 batches; The bud open hour are long, and output is high; The spy provides growing seedlings of a kind of tree-like honeysuckle and plants method for planting.
For this reasonTechnical scheme of the present invention does, the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of tree-like honeysuckle is realized through following steps:
1, land readjustment furrow ridge: selection sufficient water source at sunshine is chiltern or half chiltern soil easily, and soil is ploughed deeply smooth even and furrow ridge, twice back, 1.2 meters of row spacings;
2, pesticide and disinfectant:
(1) on the soil after turning over, every square metre is spread 1.5 grams, 50% carbendazol wettable powder and ground worm gram, and ploughs;
(2) every square metre of nursery lot is used 2.5 kilograms of equivalent formula bordeaux mixture again, adds phenylmercuric acetate 10 grams and sprays;
(3) use 0.5 kilogram of 3% copperas solution soup and 3 kilograms of sprinklings of 350 times of liquid of 50% water-soluble ambam again for every square metre;
The selection and the processing of 3, transplanting a cutting:
Select to give birth in 1 year branch healthy and strong, that enrich, every 2～3 joint positions of tool are at least cut and are cut length a 10～15cm; Pluck lower blade then; Stay 1～2 leaf in top, every leaf removes 2/3, and slotting fringe lower end closely is whittled into level and smooth inclined-plane in the joint place; Per 100 are bundled into the l wisp, the inclined-plane, liquid glucose solution soaking lower end with 5% 3～4 hours;
4, cuttage: evenly tiltedly skewer is on the nursery lot of handling well with soaked cutting, and insertion depth is 1/2～2/3 of a branch;
5, spray root-growing agent: spray the good nursery of cuttage with the solubility root-growing agent aqueous solution;
6, scaffolding: hide with the plastic film scaffolding, the canopy centre-height is 50cm, if need directly over the nursery, to build sunshade summer, keeps nursery plastics temperature of shed to be 35-40 ℃;
7, transplant: treat fast numerous branch root system length to 5-8cm, when sprouting sprouting 10cm is above in the nursery in, young plant is tripped out remigrate that the transplanting spacing in the rows is that 2-5cm, line-spacing are 20cm, waters sufficient moisture, will put up sunshade summer, and the breeding time is 4-October.
The kind method for planting of a kind of tree-like honeysuckle is to realize through following steps:
1, the selection of planting site:
It is mountain region, hills, the stony desertification mountain area of height above sea level 50-3000 rice that honeysuckle is fitted kind of a zone; Satisfy average annual lighting delay number at 1100-1800 hour; Average annual rainfall is in 1000 millimeter, and the soil is porous, fertile, well-drained silt soil, between the pH value 5.6-7.8;
2, the arrangement of planting site:
The whole ground of ladder soil, bandwidth 1.5m uses sufficient base manure, and mu is executed farmyard manure 1200～1500Kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 150～300Kg, ground is ploughed and is carefully raked, and carries out escape canal, does the ridge cultivation kind;
3, plant the time:
Spring is before rudiment: plant in Gregorian calendar late Febuary to early April; Autumn is the Gregorian calendar monthly planting of late August to 9; Plant in the Gregorian calendar 11-12 month winter;
4, method for planting:
⑴ seeding row spacing: 1.2 * 1.3 meters of barren ground, hillside seeding row spacings, mu is planted 427 strains; The level land, 1.3 * 1.5 meters of transforming slope into terrace and location, hills, gentle slope seeding row spacings;
⑵ plant preceding pruning: the dried diameter of gold and silver flower seedling highly stays 40cm more than 0.5cm; Miao Ganzhi highly stays 30-35cm through at 0.3-0.4cm; Cut off thin and delicate branch, vigorous branches stays 2-3 joint to cut off the tip, and long fibrous root is carried out suitable retraction;
⑶ the depth of planting: the depth of planting 5-7cm, gently carry seedling behind the earthing its root system is unfolded, water sufficient normal root water after the compacting, cover with dry ground then, prevent water evaporates.Plant the back like a day drought, teeming primary water in 5 days;
5, field management:
⑴ intertill and clean tillage: plant back first, second and third year annual intertill and clean tillage 3-4 time; Carry out the first time when sending out young leaves, the 7-8 month is carried out the second time, carries out for the third time before the time of the year when autumn changes into winter frost; Only respectively carried out once from the 4th year in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter in early spring; Shallow outer dark in the intertillage, the level land has been played the railway carriage or compartment ditch and has been enclosed ditch, and hillside is carried out anti-Great Gulch;
⑵ fertilising: base manure commonly used has barnyard manure, people and animals to urinate compost, crop straw etc., gets into resting stage in late fall or honeysuckle, ploughs deeply grooving every year; Organic manure is manured into soil, evenly is spread in the groove, then with the earthen backfill of digging out in groove; And ground raked, in order to retaining, soil moisture conservation; Fertilizing amount can be decided according to tree body size, and farmyard manure 5～6kg, chemical fertilizer 50～100g are executed in the bigger every strain of tree body, and plantlet can suitably reduce; Fertile soil, but Shaoshi or do not execute generally are advisable with whenever spread manuer in holes 0.15kg oil cake fertilizer or well-rotted farmyard manure 5kg;
Wherein spring, mu when shoot grows the 10cm left and right sides was executed urea 8-10kg, executed fertilizer in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, and fertilising is from trunk 20cm, spreaded manuer in holes in the both sides, level land, and the back earthing is executed from opening the crescent moon ditch spread in the hillside fields;
Secondly summer, mu was executed compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15kg (N.P.K respectively contains 15%), execute to good with circular groove or first quarter moon dental groove, and the dark 15cm that ditches, wide 20 ㎝ are from beyond trunk 30 ㎝;
6, tree-like cultivation
⑴ decide bar: by divide " section short strong, do surely by force, insert rod tie up hold up, prevent lateral bending, year by year mend do, enlarge tree crown " method operate;
The first step is selected and remain 3-4 sturdy from enclosing of base portion the bud, make elementary skeleton branch, all the other branches of erasing; The seedling trunk is sturdy from the shoot of base portion sprouting not as spring if plant; Then select a shoot to do the center and do, Bock Altitude 30-40cm pinches at the place, and the slotting rod in the back of pinching is tied up and held up.Elementary skeleton branch length cuts off the tip to 5-7 joint;
Second step plant more than the seedling trunk 0.5cm then needn't be from shoot the gravity treatment trunk, erase trunk overhead 15cm enclose bud, keep side shoot 3-4 that sprouts on the trunk, stay 3-5 to save and cut off the tip;
⑵ prune
The pruning of 1. planting then spring mainly is being shaped as the master, having cultivated trunk and one-level skeleton branch, and main the dredging more than 2 years removed overstocked interior thorax branch, and long spray is lacked sanction.The shoot that the skeleton branch top of selecting and remain is sprouted suitably bounces back and prevents to drag branch to realize seedling, sets upright crooked trunk;
2. be main with light pruning summer, with the shoot that sprouts on one-level skeleton branch 2-3 the secondary side shoot of selecting and remain, saves out in 3-4 and to pinch, and cuts off other unnecessary branch;
3. autumn two layers of one-level skeleton branch of trunk extending head is suitably bounced back, the thin overstocked thin and delicate branch of interior thorax that removes is removed the bud that encloses of trunk base portion, joint knot place, middle part or the sprouting on every side of skeleton branch base portion.
7, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
1. to put prevention first, integrated control is a principle, and the various prophylactico-therapeutic measuress of integrated use reduce residue of pesticide, science to use high-efficiency low-toxicity biologic product and low toxicity and low residue chemical pesticide; Select the period medication responsive of pathogen and insect to agricultural chemicals; Reduce the consumption and the concentration of agricultural chemicals as far as possible; Adopt correct spraying method, play spray and spare; During this period of time forbid medication near ripe to the phase of picking flowers at bud;
2. agricultural methods and chemical method combine: combine winter pruning, remove prevent or cure a disease branch, sick bud, cleaning ground fallen leaves are concentrated and are burnt or buried, to reduce the germ source; Their early stage notes extracing the disease leaf, enlarges with disease prevention and infects.Strengthen cultivation management, improve the plant resistance against diseases, honeysuckle is wanted organic fertilizer for a long time; N fertilizer is used in control, executes P, K fertilizer more, promotes the tree vigo(u)r robust growth; Improve resistance against diseases, timely draining in rainy season reduces soil moisture; Suitably prune, improve ventilation and penetrating light, be beneficial to control the generation of disease; Hang sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult in the 5-8 month adult pest high-incidence season; Peel off winter and stick up skin always, it is freeze proof to earth up, and all is method preferably;
3. rationally use agricultural chemicals:
Brown spot: the 6-9 month takes place, early stage withered and yellow the coming off of blade when disease is serious, and premorbid sprays: 1:1:200 bordeaux mixture prevention doubly, their early stage sprays: 500 times of 65% mancozebs (protectiveness medicament); 800 times of 5% octicin solutions, spray in every separated 7-10 days is once sprayed 2-3 time altogether.25% Amici reaches suspending agent (Fluoxastrobin) 1000-2000 and doubly sprays;
Powdery mildew: tree crown sprays 3-5 ° of lime sulfur before the rudiment in spring, and their early stage spray cloth 20% triazolone missible oil 1000-1500 doubly;
Fusarium wilt (root rot): the one, improve the soil lowering of watertable, draining in time; The 2nd, change bad fertilising custom, nitrogenous fertilizer such as Shaoshi urea are many to using N-P-K composite fertilizer; The 3rd, fall ill that serious plant is dug and with quicklime to the hole soil disinfection; The 4th, to take off in ill plant strain growth season soil dry in the air root, irritate root with green prosperous No. one;
Anthracnose: their early stage uses carbendazim, living greatly M-45 agricultural chemicals;
Aphid: 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powders, 2000 times of 5% acetamiprid ECs, 5000 times of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrates;
Two spotted spider mite: 5000 times of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrates, 1500 times of 15% pyridabens, 20% goes out sweeps sharp 1500 times;
Cotton bollworm: BT emulsion 400-500 doubly, 3% kill biopesticide such as bell urea;
Coffee borer: spray 1000 times in 80% dichlorvos in 4-5 month adult emergence period and newly hatched larvae phase, hang sugar-vinegar liquid (sugar: vinegar: water: the trapping adult of chlorophos=1:5:4:0.01);
Honeysuckle looper: 1000 times of 4.5% rs;
8, the processing of gathering
⑴ pluck
The honeysuckle open hour concentrate, generally in 5 months, pluck first batch of flower the last ten-days period, every later on after January, pluck successively second and third, four batches of flowers.The standard of plucking be bud open as yet before, bud by greenly bleach, expand on top, the bottom is cyan period two spends in vain;
⑵ processing: pot temperature is set at 180-260 ℃ in completing, and it is 200-260 ℃ that the resting period is set corresponding temperature;
9, drying
Get into oven drying after slightly often the temperature drop temperature is handled after completing, oven temperature is controlled at 100-110 ℃, about 5 minutes time; Put into lower floor, successively dry back outlet, water content should be controlled at below 10%; Honeysuckle after the processing is put in coloured non-toxic plastic bag after cooling; Overcoat chemical fibre woven bag prevents that plastic sack is damaged, and the place, independent warehouse of depositing cool place, ventilation, drying, free from extraneous odour requires ground to have the high wooden pallet of 20-30 centimetre moistureproof.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention cultivates and chooses high-quality breeding honeysuckle through the hot and humid strong seedling of resistance against diseases that does not carry virus that breeds fast; Field management methods such as the pruning through science, fertilising; Cultivate into the tree-like honeysuckle of semi-lignified; This method can make honeysuckle the flowers are in blossom 4-5 batches, and the bud open hour are long, and output is high; The output dry product of average every tree is the 400-500 gram, and the survival rate of nursery stock is 98%, and the age of tree is 30-50; The economic benefit of bringing is about 15000 yuan/every mu, and flourishing root system is the desirable nursery stock of conceding the land to forestry.
Embodiment
One, the management method of planting then
(1) manages spring
1, be honeysuckle fast growing period for the first time spring, when shoot grows 10 centimeters left and right sides, combines intertill and clean tillage mu to execute urea 8-10 kilogram, and fertilising is from 20 centimeters on trunk, spreads manuer in holes in the both sides, level land, and the back earthing is executed from opening the crescent moon ditch spread in the hillside fields.
2, vegetative period, treelet was cultivated:
⑴ a plurality of 3-4 sturdy branches of selecting and remain the bud that enclose that sprout from the honeysuckle base portion are made elementary skeleton branch and are cultivated, other surplus branch of erasing.As the seedling trunk of planting is thin, and is sturdy not as the shoot that sprout from base portion spring, at this moment should select a shoot to do the center and do, and according to the height of the thickness decision trunk of the shoot of selecting and remain, pinch in the sturdy then 40 centimeters places of trunk; The trunk detailed rules and regulations are pinched for 30 centimeters or 35 centimeters, and the slotting rod in the back of pinching is tied up to hold up and prevented that lateral bending from causing inclined to one side hat.The elementary skeleton branch length of being selected and remain cuts off the tip to 5-7 joint.
As plant the seedling trunk then needn't be from shoot more than 0.5 centimeter the gravity treatment trunk.The bud that encloses that the trunk base portion is sprouted is erased without exception, and the side shoot of sprouting on the trunk is selected and remain 3-4, stays 3-5 joint to cut off the tip, overhead 15 centimeters straggly living on trunk, do elementary skeleton branch cultivation, also be mainly to produce spray then.Elementary skeleton branch is through the reproduction period that grows in one period vegetative period; Mid or late April children flower bud forms; The sufficient nutrient supply of these phase needs could be accomplished bud and grow; Can utilize the foliage fertilization method to supplement the nutrients, prepare that 1000 times of liquid potassium dihydrogen phosphates spray bud and output 20 ℅ can be improved in the blade face, the first tenday period of a month in May the bud maturation.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest:
⑴ powdery mildew
Prevent and treat method: rational close planting, pruning improves the ventilation and penetrating light condition, can strengthen premunition; Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer is executed phosphorus potash fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer more and can be strengthened resistance against diseases; Their early stage is with the control of spraying of 1500 times of liquid of 15% triadimefon (triazolone), and morbidity more seriously uses 2000 times of liquid special efficacy sterilization kings to spray complete stool, 7 days 1 time, connects and sprays 2～3 times.
The control red borer, after bud exposed, the branch of finding to wither was in time wiped out and is burnt.
⑵ aphid
Prevent and treat method: late March to early April mounted blade, when aphid begins to take place, with 1500-2000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 2000 times of liquid of 3% Acetamiprid wetting powder or anti-tooth prestige, aphid lice only all can, 5-7 days 1 time, connect spray for several times.Last medication must be before plucking honeysuckle be carried out in 10～15 days.
(Ii) summer Management: Bian pick after pruning
⑴ when the first crop of young trees planted flowers Bian pick after pruning methods mainly plastic-based, Yuka supplement.
Main overstocked interior thorax branch is dredged removed, and long spray is lacked sanction.The shoot that the skeleton branch top of selecting and remain is sprouted suitably bounces back.
⑵ hoe up weeds behind the light pruning and topdress, mu is executed 15 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers, requires to dig circular groove or the fertilising of first quarter moon dental groove, ditch depth 10-15 centimetre, and trench digging must too closely damage the honeysuckle root system beyond 30 centimeters on trunk, and the fertilising back covers with soil.
⑶ prune the fertilising back secondary side shoot of from the shoot that the one-level skeleton branch is sprouted, selecting and remain, and stays 2-3 on each skeleton branch, and length 3-4 joint cuts off the tip, and other unnecessary cuts off without exception.
4. the extermination of disease and insect pest
Brown spot, prevent and treat method: combine prune autumn and winter, cut off disease branch, sick bud, cleaning ground fallen leaves are concentrated and are burnt or buried, originate to reduce germ.Their early stage notes extracing the disease leaf, spreads with disease prevention.Enhance field management, improve the plant resistance against diseases.Applying organic manure, the control applied nitrogen is executed phosphorus, potash fertilizer more, promotes the tree vigo(u)r robust growth, carries and does resistance against diseases, and draining in time during rainy season reduces soil moisture, suitably prunes, and improves ventilation and penetrating light, is beneficial to control the disease generation.
Chemical control: their early stage sprays complete stool with 2000 times of liquid of special efficacy sterilization king, adds 3000 times of liquid irrigating roots when serious in addition, once connects spray 2-3 time in 7 days; 3, late April: control honeysuckle looper, coffee borer, full garden sprays AVM or DDT EC, preparation sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult, the preparation of sugar-vinegar liquid: 1 part of sugar, 5 parts of vinegar, 4 parts in water, chlorophos 0.01 gram; 4, mid-May: anti-eliminating aphis, the honeysuckle looper, coffee borer, according to early April aphid prevent that method from carrying out; 5, mid or late June: control coffee borer larva; Spray 1500 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC; As find that plant base portion ground has wood chip conscientiously to find out the aperture on the trunk, in worm channel, inject the dichlorvos soup of preparation with syringe, and stop up worm channel with earth and kill.
(3) manages autumn
1, prune: 8-9 month rainwater is more, and temperature drops to honeysuckle growth preference temperature, also is the quick phase of honeysuckle diauxic growth; Sprout a plurality of buds that enclose around honeysuckle trunk base portion, joint knot place, middle part or the skeleton branch base portion, growth rate is very fast, the formation water sprout is wrapped on trunk or the skeleton branch, upsets the tree type; Thorax is gloomy in causing; Ventilation and penetrating light is bad, is prone to take place damage by disease and insect, when pruning, will thoroughly dredge out.Two layers of one-level skeleton branch of trunk extending head is suitably bounced back, and the control crown diameter prevents shading.Internally the overstocked thin and delicate branch of thorax is dredged and is removed, and branch is distributed rationally.
2, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
⑴ disease: mainly prevent brown spot, downy mildew 7 one September, prevents and treats method: use 1500-2000 times of liquid of biopesticide special efficacy sterilization king to spray plant and blade face and the back side (comprising all ground, garden) serious 3000 times of liquid of usefulness of morbidity and irritate root.
⑵: insect pest: coffee borer is the important moth stem property of a honeysuckle insect, and it is survived the winter with adult and two kinds of worms of larva, and the larva that survives the winter gnaws through the limb epidermis in mid-April, second, by the end of April-pupate mid-May; Lay eggs subcutaneous in thick limb of late May emergence adult, post-coitum is after the hatching; Larva is the moth food on limb xylem surface earlier, vertically eats into food to xylem gradually along with larva increases, and on xylem, forms full of twists and turns gallery; Be full of wood chip and worm excrement, very hard after fractureing in the gallery, the limb surface does not have the defecation hole, the very difficult discovery; Killed plant growing way is weak, and is killed for successive years, and then whole strain is withered.
Prevent and treat method
A, when finding that cauline leaf is withered suddenly, carefully check, find out worm channel, draw out wood chip worm excrement, inject gallery in right amount, till the worm channel outflow, live worm channel with mudding again until soup with 1000 times of liquid dichlorvos of syringe pump concentration solution.
B, known late May can be prepared the sugar-vinegar liquid trapping for sprouting wings the adult stage.The preparation of sugar-vinegar liquid: 1 part in sugar, 5 parts of vinegar, 4 parts in water, 0.01 part in chlorophos, mix the back and put in the big container of actinal surface, be placed on uniformly in the honeysuckle ground and trap and kill adult.
C, late May are spawning periods, kill with 600 times of liquid of 50% phoxim.
D, July early and middle ten days, mid-September, early October: control honeysuckle looper 1-3 is for larva, and prevent and treat method: full garden sprays 1500 times of liquid of 80% DDT EC, finds that burning appears wilting in time to cut off in shoot, relies mainly on prevention at ordinary times, strengthens observing.
The (4) winter management
1, the winter cuts: determine the winter to cut the time according to planting area; Be the winter to cut the time generally, the position of giving birth to according to tree type and one-level skeleton branch and prune that the method for pruning from top to bottom in solar calendar December; From the inside to surface; Sprig behind the elder generation bough is wiped out juxtaposition branch, thin and delicate branch, sick branch, and the sagging skeleton branch that lands bounces back.
2, Qing Yuan: the winter is cut the sick branch of back removing, sick leaf is concentrated and burnt; Weed a garden, soil deeptillage, open loop ditch or first quarter moon dental groove mu are executed 50 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers, or mu executes the cake fertilizer after 1000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures or 100-150 gram fermentations, water the foot water of surviving the winter; Shallow outer dark in the intertillage, the level land has been played the railway carriage or compartment ditch and has been enclosed ditch, and hillside is carried out anti-Great Gulch.With garden hundred scholars or the clear garden of lime sulfur to ground and complete stool spray disinfectant.
Two, 1 year management method
(1) manages spring
1, the rod of tying up of doing usefulness the first year is surely changed, regularly hoed up weeds and topdress.
2, carry out bud picking, the work of taking the lead: the first year, the fixed plant that the does base portion of erasing enclosed bud; Uncertain dried plant from the first year the sturdy branch of selecting and remain the branch make trunk, or the trunk that the upright sturdy bud of from enclose bud, selecting and remain is done this strain cultivates, and erases that other encloses bud, the bud that encloses after selecting and remain grows up to behind the shoot 30-40cm place and pinches and cut off the tip, and slotting rod is tied up and held up.From the branch of growth in the first year, select and remain 3-4 in addition and make the initial stage skeleton branch, triangular in shape or four corners of the world direction and is given birth to, and cuts off other unnecessary branch; Elementary skeleton branch length stays 5-7 joint to cut off the tip.
3, control water sprout growth
The erase water sprout of base portion of skeleton branch stays 2-3 secondary side shoot on the one-level bone branch, the secondary side shoot stays 2-3 joint to cut off the tip.
4, the control top is mended and done: the shoot that the skeleton branch top is sprouted stays 3-4 joint to expand hat.
From a plurality of shoots that sprout on the trunk top, select and remain one upright sturdy; Height in about 30 cm; Cut off the trunk of the tip as secondary supplement; 3 the sturdy branches of from the secondary trunk is sprouted several side shoots of, selecting and remain again stay 3-4 joint to cut off the tip as second layer one-level skeleton branch, cut off all the other branches.The Shinkansen of secondary supplement is bundled on the slotting rod.
5, fertilising: when mid-April, the children flower bud formed, when dew is not dried, spray the blade face with 1000 times of liquid potassium dihydrogen phosphates or other foliage fertilizer.
6, the extermination of disease and insect pest is carried out with reference to planting the techniques of pest control then.
(2) summer management main points
Spend period for first batch
1, adopted the first tenday period of a month in May after the first planting spends, plant has been carried out light pruning, cut off thin and delicate branch, sick branch, long spray has gently been bounced back, stayed the 2-3 joint to cut off the tip; Skeleton branch to sagging cuts off hanging portion from the back of a bow; Dredge and remove the overstocked branch of interior thorax, make the plant branch distribute rationally ventilation and penetrating light.
2, topdress and hoe up weeds, mu is executed compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15kg (N.P.K respectively contains 15%), executes to good with circular groove or first quarter moon dental groove, ditches dark 15 centimetres, and is wide 20 centimetres, beyond 30 centimetres on trunk.
3, the extermination of disease and insect pest: carry out according to the techniques of pest control then.
Spend period for second batch
1, after early June, regrowth hair was plucked; Two layers of one-level skeleton branch have been sprouted on the new trunk that replenish spring; Whether the length that when pruning, will conscientiously observe the one-level skeleton branch is suitable, like the long illumination that covers lower floor's branch, will suitably bounce back during pruning; Summer pruning is wanted light pruning, more than little down principle greatly.，
(3) manages main points autumn,
The 3rd batch of flower and the 4th batch of flower all in the fall, mid or late July is plucked the 3rd batch of flower, mid or late August is plucked the 4th batch of flower, carries out light pruning after pluck accomplishing, trimming method and aestival aspect are same.Fertilising after the pruning, the extermination of disease and insect pest were managed identical with 1 year.
(4) winter management main points
Winter management is mainly pruned, is applied fertilizer and the sterilization of clear garden.
1, prunes cultivating plant preferably, from top to bottom, should at first prune the first half of trunk from top to bottom the plant that is wound in frame; Remove the top around the head branch, and then from the lining everywhere, sprig behind the first bough, the short sanction in thin earlier branch back; Dredge and remove sick branch, juxtaposition branch, lower back branch, the thin and delicate branch in the interior thorax; Bounce back sagging peripheral, remove the tiller and the elementary skeleton branch of base portion, expose trunk.
2, intertillage, fertilising, clear garden, sterilization: according to management method operation in 1 year.
Three, the 3rd year management method
(1) manages spring
1, spring: mainly be the additional trunk cultivation of the upright thick new branch do of trunk apical growth of selecting and remain, breeding method was with 1 year spring, and other unnecessary caulody is erased without exception; Do through 3 years benefits, honeysuckle plant height overall reaches 1.3 meters, and having accomplished basically pinches mends the task of doing; Also can determine the total height of plant according to soil condition, such as field planting, soil is more fertile; Can also mend once new trunk the 4th year spring again, can make plant reach 1.5 meters height.
2, expand hat: expanding hat is two tasks of carrying out synchronously with mending dried; Trunk promotes crown diameter and and then enlarges; It is essential to complement each other; Expanding hat mainly is that the shoot that allows the key top of each layer one-level sprout gives birth to extension; Annual about 20 centimeters of the hats that expand; Long sagging easily, too short not reaching expanded the requirement of being preced with, and also can cut off the tip according to 2-3 joint of length decision of branch internode.
3, the cultivation of three grades of side shoots, three grades of side shoots and are given birth on the secondary side shoot.Breeding method: the one, select sturdy shoot, the 2nd, the better suited position of growing, the 3rd, keep 2-3 joint and take the lead.
4, bud picking: generally when enclosing bud length, carry out to 5-10cm; If it is undesirable that the one-level bone branch of cultivating in the 1 year or the position of side shoots at different levels the direction of giving birth to; When erasing trunk middle part sprouting, selected and remain in the 3rd year one give birth to the good shoot of direction and treat longly to keep 4-5 joint or 5-7 to suitable length and save and cut off the tip; Irrational skeleton branch or side shoot are subsequent use as changing, and the replacing time is to have adopted after the first planting spends, and wiping out irrational skeleton branch is that shoot is abdicated the position.
5, hoe up weeds, fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest: according to management method operation then.
(2) summer, management in autumn
1, the pruning after picking flowers, process, picking flowers, intertillage fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest is according to management method operation then.
2, the pruning in later stage in autumn: according to management method operation in 1 year autumn.
The (3) winter management
1, the winter cuts: the program of pruning and method and the extermination of disease and insect pest, the sterilization of clear garden, and according to winter pruning method operation in 1 year.
2, fertilising: along with the expansion of plant, flower yield increases, and the nutrient that needs increases relatively, and the 3rd year winter, the base manure amount should be increased to the cake fertilizer after mu is executed 75kg compound potassium sulfate fertilizer and 100-150g fermentation.
Four, the management method of the 4th year and the 5th year
Pruning one spring is that enough knots of selecting and remain are spent female branch, the 2nd, utilize angle, the direction of newborn branch adjustment skeleton branch, and distinguish effective branch and invalid branch, stay a little less than going by force.The knot of selecting and remain spends the female branch base diameter must be more than 0.5 centimetre.Each secondary skeleton branch stays knot to spend 2-3 in female branch at most, and each three grades of skeleton branch stays 4-5 at most, and complete stool stays 80-100, can determine needed suitable number according to the height of tree type.It is 8-10 centimetre that knot is spent the distance between female branch, and about 30 centimeters of interfloor distances can not be overstocked, spends female branch still to stay 2-5 joint to cut off top to knot, and other branches are all dredged and removed.
The management in 2-4 season: according to management method operation in the 3rd year.
Five, become the management method of tree in age
After 5 years, honeysuckle gets into knot flower full-bloom stage fully, and shaping is accomplished basically, turns to high yield; In the stable yields stage, pruning task at this moment mainly is that the healthy and strong knot of selecting and remain is spent female branch, and knot is spent the source of female branch, 80% be primary tiller; 20% be the secondary branch, knot spends female branch to need renewal every year, stalwartness is good more more; Have only strong female branch could take out spray more, reach high yield, the purpose of stable yields.Next is that two, three grades of skeleton branches are upgraded in adjustment, stays a little less than going by force, and the rejuvenation tree vigo(u)r, shearing procedure is: upper back, first bottom, outside, back, the inside earlier; Sprig behind the elder generation bough, a thin earlier branch back cutting back is dredged and is removed intersection branch, descending branch; Withered weak branch, sick branch and whole invalid branches, the knot that stays spends female branch to carry out cutting back, stays 3-5 joint; Lopwood all cuts, and is evenly distributed, and is rationally distributed, and interval between branch still remains between 8-10 centimetre.
Pruning and rich water relation is very big, and what the soil was fertile, water and fertilizer condition is good can gently cut, otherwise then heavily cuts, and in the ordinary course of things, stayed 80-100 healthy and strong knot of tree vigo(u)r spent female branch, can determine needed suitable number based on the height of tree type.
Six, the trimming method of aged tree
30 years later honeysuckles, tree type are old and feeble gradually, and pruning is at this moment spent female branch except that staying enough knots, mainly are to carry out skeleton branch to upgrade rejuvenation; With how living shoot, make the age of tree old and branch is little age, can keep output; Method is to dredge to cut to lay equal stress on, and after urging before pressing down, in time removes the water sprout on the trunk.
Fast through the seedling early growth speed of cultivating of the present invention, just can take root in 3 days, just can go out the garden in 3 months, and well developed root system, survival rate Gao Keda is more than 98, and resistance against diseases is strong; The plantation back can get into high yield period according to management method management of the present invention after 3 years, and the honeysuckle trunk can reach 1.5 meters; About trunk leading thread 4cm, crown diameter can reach 1.4 meters, and tubercle is short; Bud is big, and per mu yield can reach 200kg above (dry product), and active ingredient is through detecting chlorogenic acid content up to more than 4.8%.
Claims (2)
1. the seedling-cultivating method of a tree-like honeysuckle is to realize through following steps:
One, land readjustment furrow ridge: selection sufficient water source at sunshine is chiltern or half chiltern soil easily, and soil is ploughed deeply smooth even and furrow ridge, twice back, 1.2 meters of row spacings;
Two, pesticide and disinfectant:
(1) on the soil after turning over, every square metre of carbendazol wettable powder and ground worm gram that spreads 1.5 grams 50%, and plough;
(2) every square metre of nursery lot is used 2.5 kilograms of equivalent formula bordeaux mixture again, adds phenylmercuric acetate 10 grams and sprays;
(3) every square metre last with 0.5 kilogram of 3% copperas solution soup and 3 kilograms of sprinklings of 350 times of liquid of 50% water-soluble ambam;
The selection and the processing of three, transplanting a cutting:
Select to give birth in 1 year branch healthy and strong, that enrich, every 2～3 joint positions of tool are at least cut and are cut length a 10～15cm; Pluck lower blade then; Stay 1～2 leaf in top, every leaf removes 2/3, and slotting fringe lower end closely is whittled into level and smooth inclined-plane in the joint place; Per 100 are bundled into the l wisp, the inclined-plane, liquid glucose solution soaking lower end with 5% 3～4 hours;
Four, cuttage: evenly tiltedly skewer is on the nursery lot of handling well with soaked cutting, and insertion depth is 1/2～2/3 of a branch;
Five, spray root-growing agent: spray the good nursery of cuttage with the solubility root-growing agent aqueous solution;
Six, scaffolding: hide with the plastic film scaffolding, the canopy centre-height is 50cm, needs directly over the nursery, to build sunshade summer, keeps nursery plastics temperature of shed to be 35-40 ℃;
Seven, transplant: treat fast numerous branch root system length to 5-8cm, when sprouting sprouting 10cm is above in the nursery in, young plant is tripped out remigrate that the transplanting spacing in the rows is that 2-5cm, line-spacing are 20cm, waters sufficient moisture, will put up sunshade summer, and the breeding time is 4-October.
2. the kind method for planting of a tree-like honeysuckle is to realize through following steps:
One, the selection of planting site:
It is mountain region, hills, the stony desertification mountain area of height above sea level 50-3000 rice that honeysuckle is fitted kind of a zone; Satisfy average annual lighting delay number at 1100-1800 hour; Average annual rainfall is in 1000 millimeter, and the soil is porous, clay fertilizer fertile, well-drained silt soil, between the pH value 5.6-7.8;
Two, the arrangement of planting site:
The whole ground of ladder soil, bandwidth 1.5m uses sufficient base manure, and mu is executed farmyard manure 1200～1500Kg, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 150～300Kg, ground is ploughed and is carefully raked, and carries out escape canal, does the ridge cultivation kind;
Three, plant the time:
Plant in Gregorian calendar late Febuary to early April spring before rudiment; Autumn is the Gregorian calendar monthly planting of late August to 9; Plant in the Gregorian calendar 11 to December winter;
Four, method for planting:
⑴ seeding row spacing: 1.2 * 1.3 meters of barren ground, hillside seeding row spacings, mu is planted 427 strains; 1.3 * 1.5 meters of level land, transforming slope into terrace and location, hills, gentle slope seeding row spacings;
⑵ plant preceding pruning: the dried diameter of gold and silver flower seedling highly stays about 40cm more than 0.5cm; Miao Ganzhi highly stays 30-35cm through at 0.3-0.4cm; Cut off thin and delicate branch, vigorous branches stays 2-3 joint to cut off the tip, and long fibrous root is carried out suitable retraction;
⑶ the depth of planting: the depth of planting 5-7cm, gently carry seedling behind the earthing its root system is unfolded, water sufficient normal root water after the compacting, cover with dry ground then, prevent water evaporates; Plant the back like a day drought, teeming primary water in 5 days;
Five, field management:
⑴ intertill and clean tillage: plant back first, second and third year annual intertill and clean tillage 3-4 time; Carry out the first time when sending out young leaves, the 7-8 month is carried out the second time, carries out for the third time before the time of the year when autumn changes into winter frost; Only respectively carried out once from the 4th year in the time of the year when autumn changes into winter in early spring; Shallow outer dark in the intertillage, the level land has been played the railway carriage or compartment ditch and has been enclosed ditch, and hillside is carried out anti-Great Gulch;
⑵ fertilising: base manure commonly used has barnyard manure, human urine compost, crop straw, gets into resting stage in late fall or honeysuckle, in conjunction with ploughing deeply grooving every year; Organic manure is manured into soil, evenly is spread in the groove, then with the earthen backfill of digging out in groove; And ground raked, in order to retaining, soil moisture conservation;
Fertilizing amount can be decided according to tree body size, and farmyard manure 5～6kg, chemical fertilizer 50～100g are executed in the bigger every strain of tree body, and plantlet can suitably reduce; Fertile soil, but Shaoshi or do not execute generally are advisable with whenever spread manuer in holes 0.15kg oil cake fertilizer or well-rotted farmyard manure 5kg;
Wherein spring, mu when shoot grows the 10cm left and right sides was executed urea 8-10kg, executed fertilizer in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, and fertilising is from trunk 20cm, spreaded manuer in holes in the both sides, level land, and the back earthing is executed from opening the crescent moon ditch spread in the hillside fields;
Secondly summer, mu was executed compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 15kg (N.P.K respectively contains 15%), execute to good with circular groove or first quarter moon dental groove, and the dark 15cm that ditches, wide 20 ㎝ are from beyond trunk 30 ㎝;
Six, tree-like cultivation
⑴ decide bar: short strong by segmentation, do, insert rod by force surely and tie up and hold up, prevent lateral bending, mend the method for doing, enlarge tree crown year by year and operate;
The first step is selected and remain 3-4 sturdy from enclosing of base portion the bud, make elementary skeleton branch, all the other branches of erasing, and Bock Altitude 30-40cm pinches at the place, and the slotting rod in the back of pinching is tied up and is held up; Elementary skeleton branch length cuts off the tip to 5-7 joint;
Second step plant erase more than the seedling trunk 0.5cm trunk overhead 15cm enclose bud, keep side shoot 3-4 that sprouts on the trunk, stay 3-5 to save and cut off the tip;
⑵ prune
The pruning of 1. planting then spring has been cultivated trunk and one-level skeleton branch to be shaped as the master, and dredging more than 2 years removes overstocked interior thorax branch, and long spray is lacked sanction; The shoot that the skeleton branch top of selecting and remain is sprouted suitably bounces back and prevents to drag branch to realize seedling, sets upright crooked trunk;
2. be main with light pruning summer, with the shoot that sprouts on one-level skeleton branch 2-3 the secondary side shoot of selecting and remain, saves out in 3-4 and to pinch, and cuts off other unnecessary branch;
3. autumn two layers of one-level skeleton branch of trunk extending head is suitably bounced back, the thin overstocked thin and delicate branch of interior thorax that removes is removed the bud that encloses of trunk base portion, joint knot place, middle part or the sprouting on every side of skeleton branch base portion;
Seven, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
1. to put prevention first, integrated control is a principle, and the various prophylactico-therapeutic measuress of integrated use reduce residue of pesticide, science to use high-efficiency low-toxicity biologic product and low toxicity and low residue chemical pesticide; Select the period medication responsive of pathogen and insect to agricultural chemicals; Reduce the consumption and the concentration of agricultural chemicals as far as possible; Adopt correct spraying method, play spray and spare; During this period of time forbid medication near ripe to the phase of picking flowers at bud;
2. agricultural methods and chemical method combine: combine winter pruning, remove prevent or cure a disease branch, sick bud, cleaning ground fallen leaves are concentrated and are burnt or buried, to reduce the germ source; Their early stage notes extracing the disease leaf, enlarges with disease prevention and infects;
Strengthen cultivation management, improve the plant resistance against diseases, honeysuckle is wanted organic fertilizer for a long time; N fertilizer is used in control, executes P, K fertilizer more, promotes the tree vigo(u)r robust growth; Improve resistance against diseases, timely draining in rainy season reduces soil moisture; Suitably prune, improve ventilation and penetrating light, be beneficial to control the generation of disease; Hang sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult in the 5-8 month adult pest high-incidence season; Peel off winter and stick up skin always, it is freeze proof to earth up, and all is method preferably;
3. rationally use agricultural chemicals:
Brown spot: the 6-9 month takes place, early stage withered and yellow the coming off of blade when disease is serious, and premorbid sprays: 1:1:200 bordeaux mixture prevention doubly, their early stage sprays: 500 times of 65% mancozebs; 800 times of 5% octicin solutions, spray in every separated 7-10 days is once sprayed 2-3 time altogether; 25% Amici reaches suspending agent 1000-2000 and doubly sprays;
Powdery mildew: 3-5 ° of lime sulfur of tree crown spray cloth before the rudiment in spring, their early stage spray cloth 20% triazolone missible oil 1000-1500 is doubly;
Fusarium wilt (root rot): the one, improve the soil lowering of watertable, draining in time; The 2nd, change bad fertilising custom, nitrogenous fertilizer such as Shaoshi urea are many to using N-P-K composite fertilizer; The 3rd, fall ill that serious plant is dug and with quicklime to the hole soil disinfection; The 4th, to take off in ill plant strain growth season soil dry in the air root, irritate root with green prosperous No. one;
Anthracnose: their early stage uses carbendazim, living greatly M-45 agricultural chemicals;
Aphid: 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powders, 2000 times of 5% acetamiprid ECs, 5000 times of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrates;
Two spotted spider mite: 5000 times of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrates, 1500 times of 15% pyridabens, 20% goes out sweeps sharp 1500 times;
Cotton bollworm: BT emulsion 400-500 doubly, 3% kill biopesticide such as bell urea;
Coffee borer: spray 1000 times in 80% dichlorvos in 4-5 month adult emergence period and newly hatched larvae phase, hang sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult;
Honeysuckle looper: 1000 times of 4.5% rs;
Eight, the processing of gathering
⑴ pluck
The honeysuckle open hour concentrate, generally in 5 months, pluck first batch of flower the last ten-days period, every later on after January, pluck successively second and third, four batches of flowers;
The standard of plucking be bud open as yet before, bud by greenly bleach, expand on top, the bottom is cyan period two spends in vain;
⑵ processing: pot temperature is set at 180-260 ℃ in completing, and it is 200-260 ℃ that the resting period is set corresponding temperature;
Nine, drying
Frequent slightly temperature drop temperature is handled and is got into oven drying after completing, and oven temperature is controlled at 100-120 ℃, 5 minutes time; Put into lower floor, successively dry back outlet, water content should be controlled at below 10%; Honeysuckle after the processing is put in coloured non-toxic plastic bag after cooling; Overcoat chemical fibre woven bag prevents that plastic sack is damaged, and the place, independent warehouse of depositing cool place, ventilation, drying, free from extraneous odour requires ground to have the high wooden pallet of 20-30 centimetre moistureproof.
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| CN106973687A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-07-25 | 阮昌文 | A kind of implantation methods of honeysuckle |
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| CN107006262A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-08-04 | 绥阳县吉帮昌盛金银花农业科技有限公司 | A kind of honeysuckle implantation methods |
| CN107624523A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-01-26 | 界首市民兴家庭农场 | A kind of implantation methods for improving Chlorogenic Acid of Flos Lonicerae content |
| CN110574588A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-12-17 | 岳池县朝门子中药材种植专业合作社 | Tree-shaped honeysuckle seedling culture device and seedling culture method |
| CN110603968A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-24 | 胥晨 | High-yield planting method for bicolor vine |
| CN110583343A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2019-12-20 | 宁夏国隆药业有限公司 | Honeysuckle planting method |
| CN111492806A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-07 | 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 | Leaf harvesting method of lonicera similis hemsl |
| CN114145175A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2022-03-08 | 上海市药材有限公司 | Honeysuckle cultivation method |
| CN112088712A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for ecologically controlling southern stony desertification by combined cultivation of kiwi fruits and lonicera confusa |
| CN112913488A (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2021-06-08 | 北京林业大学 | Comprehensive method for rapid vegetative propagation of peony |
| CN112913488B (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2023-09-08 | 北京林业大学 | Comprehensive method for rapid asexual propagation of peony |
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