CN111957334A - 一种复合三元异质结光催化剂制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种复合三元异质结光催化剂制备方法,涉及制备光催化剂方法,本发明以Ag+、锌源、铟源、硫源、石墨烯和石墨相氮化碳按照一定的比例在水热条件下反应,并获得目标光催化剂。三元异质结Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g‑C3N4光催化剂在可见光照射下,g‑C3N4和Ag:ZnIn2S4两种组分均被激发并产生光生电子和空穴。同时,RGO可以作为一个桥梁,在Ag:ZnIn2S4和g‑C3N4之间实现明显的连接,有利于载流子的转移,从而提高光催化产氢性能。三元异质结Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g‑C3N4光催化剂具有良好可见光光催化分解水制氢能力,在清洁能源生产和能量转换方面具有广阔的前景,是一种未来光明的催化剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光催化剂制备方法,特别是涉及一种复合三元异质结光催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
能源和环境危机正影响着人类的生存和发展。半导体光催化技术被认为是最有效的解决上述问题的手段之一。为了提高太阳能的光转化效率,人们探索并构建了大量的光催化剂。传统单一的光催化剂存在载流子复合快、光谱响应窄等缺点。近年来,大量的研究发现,复合光催化***的多样性和良好的电荷分离效率是解决上述问题的关键策略。
石墨相碳化氮(g-C3N4)因其独特的电子结构、高稳定性、无毒性和低成本等特点,被认为是最有前景的可见光光催化剂。然而,由于单组分g-C3N4的比表面积小、光生电子-空穴对的复合率高等原因,光催化制氢效率至今仍不理想,限制了其在光催化制氢领域中的发展。近年来的研究发现,在g-C3N4光催化改性中,设计和构建合适的异质结被认为是一种低成本、有效的提高g-C3N4光催化剂活性的方法。通常,g-C3N4基异质结不仅可以通过形成紧密的界面来抑制光诱导载流子的复合,而且还可以赋予光催化剂一些独特的性质。因此,g-C3N4基异质结构的合理构建为开发高效可见光响应光催化剂提供了一条切实可行的途径。
近年来,作为三元硫系化合物(简称AB2X4,a=Zn,Ca,Cu,Cd;B=Al,Ga,in;X=S,Se,Te)中一个新的重要组成部分,具有层状结构的ZnIn2S4以其优异的电学和光学性能,被作为生态友好型可见光驱动光催化剂而被广泛研究。因此,ZnIn2S4基半导体材料在光催化制氢方面得到了广泛的应用。此外,Ag+具有4d电子结构,在ZnIn2S4中掺杂少量Ag+不仅可以产生Ag4d施主能级,拓宽光谱响应范,提高光生电子的利用率。此外,半导体表面还可能产生晶格缺陷,从而形成更多的氧化中心,抑制电子和空穴的复合,从而提高光催化活性。
石墨烯(RGO)具有比表面积大、导电率高、稳定性好、表面性质可调等优点,被认为是一种新型的助催化剂。研究发现,石墨烯能够被引入到各种半导体光催化剂中,形成石墨烯基复合半导体光催化剂,由于其优异的载流子迁移率可以使光生载流子的扩散范围增大,抑制电子与空穴的复合,延长寿命,使其具有更,加优异的光催化性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种一种复合三元异质结光催化剂制备方法,本发明利用少量Ag:ZnIn2S4与RGO和g-C3N4形成异质结。这种光催化剂对产氢活性显著提高,将其应用于光催化产氢中。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种复合三元异质结光催化剂制备方法,所述方法包括以下制备过程:
首先,采用改性Hummers方法合成了氧化石墨烯(GO)以及利用热聚合法合成g-C3N4纳米片,然后,将GO和g-C3N4超声分散在蒸馏水中;其次,向其中加入Zn(OAc)2, In(OAc)3,AgNO3和L-半胱氨酸,然后再加入硫代乙酰胺,将溶液转移到带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中;水热反应过后,将沉淀通过离心分离,并用去离子水依次清洗数次,烘干得到三元异质结Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g-C3N4光催化剂。
本发明的优点与效果是:
(1)通过水热法可以将Ag+均匀而稳定的掺杂到ZnIn2S4中,可在半导体中产生Ag4d施主能级,在可见光照射下,使能量较小的光子可激发能级产生电子和空穴,从而提高光子的利用率,促进可见光催化反应。
(2)所制备的三元异质结Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g-C3N4光催化剂,具有比Ag:ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4和RGO/g-C3N4异质结光催化剂更高的可见光催化产氢性能,且Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g-C3N4新型异质结催化剂的光催化活性大大超过其单纯物理混合物。
(3)三元异质结Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g-C3N4光催化剂在可见光照射下,g-C3N4和Ag:ZnIn2S4两种组分均被激发并产生光生电子和空穴,同时,RGO可以作为一个桥梁,在Ag:ZnIn2S4和g-C3N4之间实现明显的连接,有利于载流子的转移,从而提高光催化析氢性能。
(4)本发明采用常见的水热合成法,所合成的Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g-C3N4异质结光催化剂结晶度高、分散性好、形状可控,且原料常见,工艺可控,易于实施,符合环境友好的要求。
本发明为开发可见光半导体光催化领域提供一种新的技术路径,对于解决日益严重的能源问题具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1为本发明Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g-C3N4异质结光催化剂的透射电镜照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明为一种Ag:ZnIn2S4半导体与还原石墨烯(RGO)和石墨相碳化氮(g-C3N4)复合的三元异质结光催化剂的制备方法,以Ag+、锌源、铟源、硫源、石墨烯和石墨相氮化碳按照比例在水热条件下反应,从而获得目标三元异质结光催化剂。制备的三元异质结光催化剂结构及组成明确清晰,在可见光照射下,可以进行水分解产生氢气。
实施例1
(1)制备氧化石墨烯(GO)。以纳米石墨粉为原料,采用改性Hummers方法合成了氧化石墨烯。将GO棕色粉末分散在水中,利用超声作用剥落氧化石墨来制备单分散氧化石墨烯溶液(1g/L)。
(2)制备石墨碳氮化物(g-C3N4)。我们可以通过煅烧一定质量的尿素得到g-C3N4。一般情况下,将5g尿素置于覆箔坩埚中,然后放置于马弗炉中,在250℃下加热1h,350℃下加热2h,550℃下加热2h,在空气气氛下加热速率为1℃min-1。收集黄色产品并磨成粉末以备进一步使用。
(3)采用常规水热法合成三元异质结Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g-C3N4光催化剂。首先,将0.75mg的GO和119.25 mg g-C3N4超声分散在20ml蒸馏水中。然后,将悬浮液移入100ml 的聚四氟乙烯不锈钢高压釜中,密封并在160℃下保持6h。其次,在搅拌条件下,将1416 μL 0.05mmol/mL醋酸锌溶液,1416 μL 0.1 mmol/mL醋酸铟溶液,521 μL 0.8 mmol/L硝酸银溶液,944 μL的0.01 mmol/mL L-半胱氨酸加入合成的RGO/g-C3N4中,30分钟后加入2832 μL 0.1mmol/mL 硫代乙酰胺溶液,然后在160℃下放置6h。通过离心收集产品,并用去离子水洗涤数次以去除可能残留的杂质,然后在50℃下烘干,则最终的催化剂为含有0.5 wt%RGO的0.5 wt%Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g-C3N4。
实施例2
如实施例1所述,所不同的是将步骤(3)中加入1.125mg的GO和118.875 mg g-C3N4超声分散在20ml蒸馏水中,则最终的催化剂为含有0.75 wt%RGO的0.75 wt%Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g-C3N4。
实施例3
如实施例1所述,所不同的是将步骤(3)中加入1.5mg的GO和118.5 mg g-C3N4超声分散在20ml蒸馏水中,则最终的催化剂为含有1 wt%RGO的1 wt%Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g-C3N4。
实施例4
如实施例1所述,所不同的是将步骤(3)中加入3mg的GO和117 mg g-C3N4超声分散在20ml蒸馏水中,则最终的催化剂为含有2 wt%RGO的2 wt%Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g-C3N4。
实施例5
如实施例1所述,所不同的是将步骤(3)中加入4.5mg的GO和115.5mg g-C3N4超声分散在20ml蒸馏水中,则最终的催化剂为含有3 wt%RGO的3 wt%Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g-C3N4。
Claims (1)
1.一种复合三元异质结光催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述水热法制备方法包括以下制备过程:
首先,采用改性Hummers方法合成了氧化石墨烯(GO)以及利用热聚合法合成g-C3N4纳米片,然后,将GO和g-C3N4超声分散在蒸馏水中;其次,向其中加入Zn(OAc)2, In(OAc)3,AgNO3和L-半胱氨酸,然后再加入硫代乙酰胺,将溶液转移到带聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中;水热反应过后,将沉淀通过离心分离,并用去离子水依次清洗数次,烘干得到三元异质结Ag:ZnIn2S4/RGO/g-C3N4光催化剂。
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