CN111903577B - Method for breeding, separating and planting large-size finished crayfishes - Google Patents

Method for breeding, separating and planting large-size finished crayfishes Download PDF

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CN111903577B
CN111903577B CN202010823240.7A CN202010823240A CN111903577B CN 111903577 B CN111903577 B CN 111903577B CN 202010823240 A CN202010823240 A CN 202010823240A CN 111903577 B CN111903577 B CN 111903577B
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water
breeding
rice
ditch
field
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CN111903577A (en
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袁勇超
杨伟杰
杨慧君
顾泽茂
莫爱杰
舒娜娜
鲁晓蕾
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Wuhan Hrda Agriculture Technology Co ltd
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Huazhong Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding and separating large-size finished crayfishes, which belongs to the technical field of aquaculture and comprises the following steps: (1) field engineering reconstruction and optimization; (2) clearing and drying the paddy field; (3) planting and maintaining aquatic weeds; (4) cultivating high-quality shrimp fries; (5) culturing large-size finished shrimps; (6) feeding and managing feeds; (7) water quality management and green disease prevention and control; (8) and (5) planting and breeding comprehensive management. According to the invention, a batch of high-quality shrimp seedlings and large-size finished shrimps can be harvested by using the technologies of selecting and reserving high-quality parent shrimps, breeding and separating and the like, the limitations that the shrimp seedling specification of a crayfish breeding pond is irregular, the shrimp seedling storage amount cannot be accurately counted and the high-quality large-size finished shrimps cannot be bred in the existing rice and shrimp breeding mode are improved, the problems that the crayfish produced in the existing rice and shrimp breeding mode is irregular, the death rate is high, the benefit is low and the like are solved, the rice field ecosystem is fully utilized for comprehensive breeding and green production, and the specification and the quality of the crayfish are improved.

Description

Method for breeding, separating and planting large-size finished crayfishes
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for breeding and separating large-size finished crayfishes.
Background
Crayfish, the scientific name of which is Procambarus clarkii, is native to north america and introduced into China in the 20 th century and the 30 th century. The crayfish has strong natural population fertility, can live in various water areas, has wide feeding range and is suitable for cultivation. Meanwhile, the crayfish has tender meat, unique flavor and rich nutrition, and is deeply welcomed by domestic and foreign markets.
Crayfish has become the most important shrimp in China for culturing freshwater economic shrimp. Particularly, after crayfishes are co-cultivated with rice in a paddy field, the crayfish and rice co-cultivation mode is greatly popularized nationwide, the effect of one-water dual-purpose and double-water double-green is achieved, and the crayfishes and rice co-cultivation mode plays a remarkable role in promoting agriculture and efficiency, helping agriculture and income, and meeting the consumption demands of the public.
At present, the rice field is comprehensively cultivated, and the problems are that: the existing crayfish and rice planting and breeding modes are simple, the production links are not fully crossed and coupled, rice is rice, shrimp is shrimp, breeding, planting and pest control are not fully related and optimized, and various problems are exposed in the planting and breeding process. The existing rice and shrimp breeding mode has the problems that the specifications of the shrimp seedlings in the crayfish breeding pond are irregular, the shrimp seedling storage pond amount cannot be accurately counted, and high-quality large-specification finished shrimps cannot be bred, and the existing common culture or continuous culture mode of the crayfish and rice also has the problems of irregular specifications of commodity crayfish, high mortality, low benefit and the like. In addition, the technical links of the existing rice and shrimp culture mode are scattered sporadically, and a complete technical system is not formed, so that the current rice and shrimp culture mode has low benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding, separating and planting large-size finished crayfishes, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art. The method solves the limitation that the existing culture mode can not culture large-specification high-quality finished shrimps, simultaneously fully utilizes ecological resources, promotes the early propagation of the large-specification crayfish seedlings, avoids the problems of low output benefit, irregular specification and high death rate of the existing rice field planting and breeding co-operation or continuous operation, fully utilizes the rice field ecological system to carry out comprehensive planting and green production, and improves the benefit and quality of the crayfish and the paddy.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for breeding and separating large-size finished crayfishes, which comprises the following steps:
1-1, selecting a rice field:
selecting a rice field with good water quality, sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, good water retention capacity and no pollution on the periphery, wherein the area of the rice field is 5-40 mu;
1-2, rice field transformation:
(1) field engineering transformation and optimization of the shrimp fry culture pond: the area of the rice field is 5-15 mu, an annular ditch with the ditch depth of 1.0-1.2m, the ditch bottom width of 1-2m and the ditch surface width of 3-4m is dug in the rice field along the inner side of a ridge of the rice field, the inner side and the outer side of the annular ditch are respectively provided with an inner ridge of the ditch with the width of 30-40cm, the inner ridge of the ditch with the width of 40-50cm and the outer ridge of the ditch with the width of 2-3m and the height of 0.8-1.0m higher than the field surface, water inlet and outlet ports are arranged according to the pattern of high irrigation and low drainage, the water inlet and outlet ports are positioned at the two ends of the rice field as far as possible and are arranged in pairs, and according to stocking density;
(2) field engineering transformation and optimization of the finished shrimp culture pond: the area of the rice field is 15-40 mu, an annular ditch with the ditch depth of 1.0-1.2m, the ditch bottom width of 2-3m and the ditch surface width of 4-6m is dug in the rice field along the inner side of a ridge of the rice field, an inner ridge of the ditch with the width of 30-40cm, the height of 40-50cm and an outer ridge of the ditch with the width of 2-3m and the height of 1.0-1.2m higher than the field are respectively constructed on the inner side and the outer side of the annular ditch, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are respectively pre-buried on the two opposite sides of the outer ridge of the ditch, and a tractor-ploughing path is constructed at one corner of the;
the annular groove is provided with an impeller type aerator and a water climbing type aerator according to the water depth of 0.5-0.8 kw/mu/m of the whole pool.
1-3, preparation work of rice fields and annular ditches:
1-3-1, disinfection and field cleaning of rice field and annular ditch:
(1) in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, the rice is planted according to the standard of 2-5 seedlings per hole according to conventional rice, hybrid rice and tillering capability thereof. After the rice is planted, feeding water into the annular ditch 1 month before the seed shrimps are put in, when the water depth in the annular ditch reaches 50-60cm, disinfecting and clearing the field by using quicklime, wherein the using amount of the quicklime is 150 kg/mu, continuously feeding water for 14-16 days until the water depth in the annular ditch reaches 1.0-1.2m, clearing the field by using tea seed cakes, and the using amount of the tea seed cakes is 20-25 kg/mu;
1-3-2, transplanting the aquatic weeds in the annular ditch 15-20 days before 7-8 months of putting the seed shrimps for planting the aquatic weeds, wherein the aquatic weeds in the annular ditch are required to be planted at the position with the water depth of 0.1-0.3m beside the annular ditch, and the aquatic weeds are the watermifoil or the waterweeds;
uniformly putting parent shrimps into the annular ditch of the shrimp seed breeding pond and the rice field from 7 months to 8 months, controlling the stocking density of the parent shrimps to be 30-40 jin/mu, controlling the ratio of male and female parent shrimps to be 3:1, and controlling the specification of the parent shrimps to be 10-15 jin/mu;
1-4, daily management of parent shrimps:
in the parent shrimp breeding stage of the shrimp seed breeding pond for 8-10 months, keeping the water depth in the annular ditch to be 1.0-1.2m, feeding artificial compound feed according to 2-3% of the weight of the crayfish every day, feeding for 1 time every day, feeding at 6-7 pm every day, and obtaining the nutrient components of the artificial compound feed in the parent shrimp breeding stage: 30-32% of crude protein, 3-5% of crude fat, 1.1-1.3% of lysine, 0.7% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium, 10% of crude fiber, 13-15% of crude ash and the like;
1-5, harvesting rice:
harvesting the rice in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, and keeping the rice stumps for more than 30 cm;
1-6, early breeding of shrimp larvae:
after harvesting the rice, sunning the rice for 10-15 days in the field, and in the beginning of 11 months, feeding water into the annular ditch, slowly raising the water level to the depth of 15-20cm above the field surface, forcing the seed shrimps to ovulate and hatch in advance, and preventing the rice stakes from being submerged in the depth of the field surface water, so as to prevent the water quality from deteriorating due to the fact that the rice stakes are completely submerged; after rice is harvested, draining water in the annular ditch, when the water depth in the annular ditch reaches 50-60cm, disinfecting and clearing the wild by using quick lime, wherein the using amount of the quick lime is 150-200 kg/mu, the field surface is disinfected by 80-100 kg/mu, and after 10-15 days, all water in the annular ditch is drained, namely the field surface and the annular ditch are completely dried in the sun to 2 months in Yi year, and when the water enters the annular ditch to reach the water depth of 0.6-0.8 m, clearing the wild by using tea seed cakes, wherein the using amount of the tea seed cakes is 20-25 kg/mu; transplanting float grass in the annular ditch, wherein the float grass transplanting in the annular ditch is required to be planted at the position of the annular ditch edge with the depth of 0.1-0.3 m; and (4) continuously feeding water for 7-10 days until the water depth of the field surface is 20-40cm, and transplanting waterweeds on the field surface, wherein the waterweeds are waterweeds.
1-7, breeding of crayfish fries:
for 2 months of Youyan, slowly feeding water into the shrimp seedling breeding pond until the water depth of the rice field is 30-50cm, and promoting the parent shrimps carrying young shrimps to go out of the hole, find food and grow;
1-8, culturing finished shrimps:
in the middle and late ten days of 3 months of Yi, crayfish fries with the specification of 80-120 fries/jin are captured from a shrimp fry breeding pool to be transferred to a pond for breeding, breeding and separation are carried out, the stocking density of the crayfish fries at the mouth of a finished product shrimp breeding pond is 4000 plus 5000 fries/mu, 100 plus 200 fries of high-quality finished crayfish with the specification of more than 35g can be harvested after 25-40 days of breeding, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
1-9, daily management of crayfish:
the artificial compound feed is fed according to 4-6% of the weight of shrimp larvae every day in finished shrimp culture, the artificial compound feed is fed for the first time at 6-7 am, the feeding amount accounts for 30% of the total daily feeding amount, the artificial compound feed is fed for the second time at 6-7 pm, the feeding amount accounts for 70% of the total daily feeding amount, and the nutrient components of the artificial compound feed fed by the shrimp larvae within 10g in the early period are as follows: 30-36% of crude protein, 3-5% of crude fat, 1.1-1.3% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber; the artificial mixed feed for feeding the shrimp larvae with more than 10g in the later period comprises the following nutritional components: 28-32% of crude protein, 3-5% of crude fat, 1.1-1.3% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber;
1-10, other management:
during the culture period, the oxygen increasing equipment is started to increase oxygen, the oxygen is increased from 12 pm to 2 pm in fine days and from 12 pm in the evening to 6 pm in the morning, and the oxygen is increased all day in rainy days, so that the dissolved oxygen of the culture water is ensured to be more than 4 mg/L;
according to the water quality conditions of the rice field and the annular ditch, adding fresh water for 1 time every 3-5 days, wherein the depth of the fresh water for each time is 5-6cm, and changing the culture water of the rice field and the annular ditch for 1 time every 15 days, wherein the water changing amount is 25-35% of the total water amount of the rice field and the annular ditch;
the breeding water of the paddy field and the annular ditch water is regularly sprayed or mixed with bacillus subtilis and Haoda synergist in a whole pool for water quality improvement and harmful pathogen breeding and outbreak inhibition, the ingestion and activity conditions of the crayfish are observed every day, and the disease is detected, diagnosed and treated in time.
Furthermore, the cross section of the annular groove is trapezoidal, the width of the top of the annular groove is 6-8 m, the width of the bottom of the annular groove is 3-4m, and the depth of the annular groove is 1.5-1.8 m.
Furthermore, 10-30 mesh filter screens are respectively arranged at the outlets of the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, the inner ridge of the ditch is 30-40cm higher than the field surface, the outer ridge of the ditch is 1.2-1.5 m higher than the field surface, and the top of the outer ridge of the ditch is provided with an anti-escape screen 40-60cm high.
Furthermore, the row spacing of the aquatic weeds in the annular ditch is 4-6 meters, the plant spacing is 8-10 meters, the row spacing of the aquatic weeds in the rice field is 12-15 meters, and the plant spacing is 8-10 meters.
Further, after the rice is harvested, in 11-12 months, the Haoda yeast source organic fertilizer (water-soluble type) (Wuhan Haoda agricultural science and technology Limited) is timely sprayed in the whole pool in the morning of fine days, and the using amount is 10-30 kg/mu.
Further, the release time of 7-8 months of parent shrimps is 6 am in sunny days, and the release time of 3-4 months of shrimp seedlings is 9 am in the morning.
Furthermore, when the rice is transplanted, the row spacing of the transplanted rice seedlings is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 13-16 cm.
Furthermore, 2-3 days before the molting peak of the crayfish, 5-10ppm of the gostema humic acid-containing nutrient synergist is used for sprinkling in the whole pond every 5-7 days to promote the growth and smooth molting of the crayfish fries.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
1. the method successfully breaks through the breeding of the large-size high-quality finished shrimps in the rice field planting and breeding mode at home and abroad, simultaneously fully utilizes ecological resources, creatively carries out the early breeding of the crayfish fries and the organic coupling and the success of the breeding and the separation of the large-size finished shrimps in the aspect of the comprehensive planting and breeding mode of the rice field, and avoids the problems of low yield, irregular specification and high mortality of the conventional rice field planting and breeding co-operation or continuous operation.
2. According to the invention, the bacillus subtilis is used for decomposing straws in the early stage of shrimp larvae feeding, and the organic fertilizer is matched for fertilizer and water cultivation of a large amount of natural bait organisms, so that the growth of the shrimp larvae is facilitated, the survival rate is improved, the use of fertilizer in a rice field is reduced, the cultivation and planting cost is reduced, and the yield, the specification and the quality of the crayfish are improved.
3. The artificial compound feed with different nutrient contents is used in different growth stages of the crayfish, so that the demand of the crayfish on nutrient substances in the rapid growth stage is facilitated, the utilization efficiency of nutrient components of the feed is improved, and the pollution of residual feed and excrement to the culture water body is reduced.
4. According to the invention, the crayfish density and specification are reasonably put in according to the ecological resources of the rice field, the ecological system of the rice field is fully utilized to carry out comprehensive breeding and green production, the crayfish is successfully bred into large-size finished crayfish (more than 35 g/crayfish) in 4-7 weeks to be listed, the crayfish has the advantages of high growth speed, strong disease resistance, large individual and high and stable benefit, simultaneously the benefit and quality of rice are improved, and theoretical basis and practical experience are provided for the construction of a comprehensive breeding new mode of crayfish and rice.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Example 1
1-1, selecting a rice field:
selecting a rice field with good water quality, sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, good water retention capacity and no pollution around;
1-2, rice field transformation:
(1) field engineering transformation and optimization of the shrimp fry culture pond: the area of the rice field is 6.5 mu, an annular ditch (the depth of the ditch is 1.0m, the bottom width of the ditch is 1m, and the width of the ditch surface is 3m) is dug along the inner side of a ridge of the rice field in the rice field, an inner ridge (the width is 30cm, and the height is 40cm) and an outer ridge (the width is 2m, and the height is 0.8m) are respectively constructed on the inner side and the outer side of the annular ditch, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are respectively pre-buried on the two opposite sides of the outer ridge of the ditch, and a tractor-ploughing road is constructed at one corner of;
an aeration oxygenation disc is laid in the middle of the bottom of the annular ditch, the distance between every two aeration oxygenation discs is 15 meters, the distance between each microporous aeration pipe and the bottom of the ditch is 10cm, and the Roots blower is configured in the annular ditch according to the water depth of 0.3 kw/mu/meter.
(2) Field engineering transformation and optimization of the finished shrimp culture pond: the area of the rice field is 30.5 mu, an annular ditch (the depth of the ditch is 1.0m, the bottom width of the ditch is 2m, and the width of the ditch surface is 4m) is dug along the inner side of a ridge of the rice field in the rice field, an inner ridge (the width of 30cm and the height of 40cm) and an outer ridge (the width of 2m and the height of 1.0m) are respectively constructed on the inner side and the outer side of the annular ditch, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are respectively pre-embedded on the two opposite sides of the outer ridge of the ditch, and a tractor-ploughing road is constructed at one corner of the rice;
the annular ditch is provided with an impeller type aerator and a water climbing type aerator according to the water depth of 0.5 kw/mu/m of the whole pool.
1-3, preparation work of rice fields and annular ditches:
1-3-1, disinfection and field cleaning of rice field and annular ditch:
(1) transplanting rice seedlings in a rice field for 6 months and 25 days, transplanting rice seedlings by a machine with 2.5 million seedlings/mu, after planting rice, putting the seed shrimps for 1 month before, feeding water into the annular ditch, when the water depth in the annular ditch reaches 50cm, disinfecting and cleaning the field by using quicklime, wherein the consumption of the quicklime is 150 kg/mu, and when the water depth in the annular ditch reaches 1.0m after 14 days, cleaning the field by using tea seed cakes, wherein the consumption of the tea seed cakes is 20 kg/mu;
1-3-2, planting of aquatic weeds
Transplanting float grass in the annular ditch 15 days before the seed shrimps are put in, transplanting the watery tail algae in the annular ditch, and planting the watery tail algae in the position of 0.1 meter beside the annular ditch;
7, 26 days in 7 months, uniformly putting parent shrimps into the annular ditch of the shrimp seed breeding pond and the rice field, controlling the stocking density of the parent shrimps to be 30 jin/mu, controlling the ratio of the parent shrimps to be 3:1, and controlling the specification of the parent shrimps to be 10-15 jin/mu;
1-4, daily management of parent shrimps:
in the parent shrimp breeding stage of the shrimp fry breeding pond for 8-10 months, the water depth in the annular ditch is kept to be 1.0m, artificial compound feed is fed according to 2% of the weight of the crayfish every day, the artificial compound feed is fed for 1 time every day and 6 pm every day, and the main nutrient components of the artificial compound feed in the parent shrimp breeding stage are as follows: 30% of crude protein, 3% of crude fat, 1.1% of lysine, 0.7% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium, 10% of crude fiber, 13% of crude ash and the like;
1-5, harvesting rice:
harvesting the rice in 10 months and 11 days, and keeping the rice stub for more than 30 cm;
1-6, early breeding of shrimp larvae:
after harvesting rice, sunning the rice for 10 days and 11 months and 5 days, feeding water into the annular ditch, slowly raising the water level to the depth of 15cm above the field surface, forcing the seed shrimps to ovulate and hatch in advance, and preventing the rice stakes from being submerged in the depth of the field surface water, so as to prevent the water quality from deteriorating due to the fact that the rice stakes are completely submerged; the Haoda yeast source organic fertilizer (water-soluble type) is timely sprinkled in the whole pond in the morning of fine days (Wuhan Haoda agriculture science and technology limited company), the using amount is 30 kilograms per mu, and abundant natural bait organisms are provided for the crayfish seedlings. After rice is harvested, draining water in an annular ditch, when the water depth in the annular ditch reaches 50cm, disinfecting and clearing the wild by using quicklime, wherein the using amount of the quicklime is 150 kg/mu, disinfecting the field surface by adopting 80 kg/mu, and after 10 days, completely draining water in the annular ditch, namely completely drying the field surface and the annular ditch till 2 months of Youyan year, and clearing the wild by using tea seed cakes when the water enters the annular ditch to reach 0.6mm, wherein the using amount of the tea seed cakes is 20 kg/mu; transplanting waterweeds in the annular ditch, wherein the waterweeds in the annular ditch are required to be planted at the position of the annular ditch edge with the water depth of 0.1 m; and (5) continuously feeding water for 7 days until the water depth of the field surface reaches 20cm, and transplanting the waterweeds on the field surface.
1-7, breeding of crayfish fries:
on day 2 and 15 of Youyan, slowly feeding water into the shrimp fry breeding pond until the water depth of the rice field is 30cm, and promoting the parent shrimps carrying young shrimps to go out of the hole, find food and grow;
1-8, culturing finished shrimps:
and on 28 days of Hoygmus 3.YY, 80-120 crayfish fries with the specification/jin are captured from a shrimp fry breeding pond to be transferred to a pond for breeding (breeding and separation), the stocking density of the shrimp fries at the mouth of a finished product shrimp breeding pond is 4000 per mu, and 151.4 jin of high-quality finished crayfish with the specification of more than 35 g/jin can be harvested after 25 days of breeding, so that the economic benefit is remarkable.
1-9, daily management of crayfish:
the artificial mixed feed is fed every day according to 4 percent of the weight of shrimp larvae in finished shrimp culture, the artificial mixed feed is fed for the first time at 6 am, the feeding amount accounts for 30 percent of the total daily feeding amount, the artificial mixed feed is fed for the second time at 6 pm, the feeding amount accounts for 70 percent of the total daily feeding amount, and the artificial mixed feed fed for the early shrimp larvae (within 10 g) comprises the following main nutrient components: 30% of crude protein, 3% of crude fat, 1.1% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber; the artificial compound feed for feeding young shrimps in later period (more than 10 g) comprises the following main nutritional components: 28% of crude protein, 3% of crude fat, 1.1% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber;
1-10, other management:
during the culture period, the oxygen increasing equipment is started to increase oxygen, the oxygen is increased from 12 pm to 2 pm in fine days and from 12 pm in the evening to 6 pm in the morning, and the oxygen is increased all day in rainy days, so that the dissolved oxygen of the culture water is ensured to be more than 4 mg/L;
according to the water quality conditions of the rice field and the annular ditch, adding fresh water for 1 time every 3 days, wherein the depth of the fresh water for each time is 5cm, and changing the culture water of the rice field and the annular ditch for 1 time every 15 days, wherein the water change amount is 25 percent of the total water amount of the rice field and the annular ditch;
the breeding water of the paddy field and the annular ditch water is regularly sprayed or mixed with bacillus subtilis 300 g/mu and Haoda synergist 5ppm (Wuhan Haoda agricultural science and technology Limited) in a full pond to improve water quality and inhibit the breeding and outbreak of harmful pathogens, the feeding and activity conditions of the crayfish are observed every day, and the disease is detected, diagnosed and treated in time.
Example 2
2-1, selecting a rice field:
selecting a rice field with good water quality, sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, good water retention capacity and no pollution around;
2-2, rice field transformation:
(1) field engineering transformation and optimization of the shrimp fry culture pond: the area of the rice field is 7.5 mu, an annular ditch (the depth of the ditch is 1.2m, the bottom width of the ditch is 2m, and the width of the ditch surface is 4m) is dug along the inner side of a ridge of the rice field in the rice field, an inner ridge (the width is 40cm, and the height is 50cm) and an outer ridge (the width is 3m, and the height is 1.0m) are respectively built on the inner side and the outer side of the annular ditch, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are respectively pre-buried on the two opposite sides of the outer ridge of the ditch, and a tractor-ploughing road is built at one corner of;
the middle of the bottom of the annular ditch is paved with aeration oxygenation plates, the distance between every two aeration oxygenation plates is 20 meters, the distance between each microporous aeration pipe and the bottom of the ditch is 15cm, and the annular ditch is provided with the Roots blower according to the water depth of 0.5 kw/mu/meter.
(2) Field engineering transformation and optimization of the finished shrimp culture pond: the area of the rice field is 39.5 mu, an annular ditch (the depth of the ditch is 1.2m, the bottom width of the ditch is 3m, and the surface width of the ditch is 6m) is dug along the inner side of a ridge of the rice field in the rice field, an inner ridge (the width is 40cm, and the height is 50cm) and an outer ridge (the width is 3m, and the height is 1.2m) are respectively built on the inner side and the outer side of the annular ditch, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are respectively pre-buried on the two opposite sides of the outer ridge of the ditch, and a tractor-ploughing road is built at one corner of;
the annular groove is provided with an impeller type aerator and a climbing aerator according to the water depth of 0.65 kw/mu/m in the whole pool.
2-3, preparation work of the rice field and the annular ditch:
2-3-1, disinfection and field cleaning of rice field and annular ditch:
(1) transplanting rice seedlings in a rice field for 6 months and 20 days, transplanting rice seedlings by a machine with 2.5 million seedlings/mu, after planting rice, putting the seed shrimps in the rice field for 1 month before water is fed into the annular ditch, when the water depth in the annular ditch reaches 60cm, disinfecting and cleaning the field by using quicklime, wherein the using amount of the quicklime is 100 kg/mu, when the water is continuously fed into the annular ditch for 16 days until the water depth reaches 1.2m, cleaning the field by using tea seed cakes, and the using amount of the tea seed cakes is 25 kg/mu;
2-3-2, planting of aquatic weeds
Transplanting waterweeds in the annular ditch 20 days before the seed shrimps are put in, transplanting waterweeds in the annular ditch, wherein the transplanting is required to be planted at the position with the water depth of 0.3m at the edge of the annular ditch;
8, 4 days in 8 months, uniformly putting the breeding shrimps in the annular ditch of the shrimp seed breeding pond and the rice field, controlling the stocking density of the parent shrimps to be 40 jin/mu, controlling the ratio of the male and female parent shrimps to be 3:1, and controlling the specification of the breeding shrimps to be 10-15 jin/jin;
2-4, daily management of parent shrimps:
in the parent shrimp breeding stage of the shrimp fry breeding pond for 8-10 months, the water depth in the annular ditch is kept to be 1.2m, artificial formula feed is fed according to 3% of the weight of the crayfish every day, the artificial formula feed is fed for 1 time every day and 7 pm every day, and the nutrient components of the artificial formula feed in the parent shrimp breeding stage are as follows: 32% of crude protein, 5% of crude fat, 1.3% of lysine, 0.7% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium, 10% of crude fiber, 15% of crude ash and the like;
2-5, harvesting rice:
harvesting rice in 16 days after 10 months, and keeping rice stakes for more than 30 cm;
2-6, early breeding of shrimp larvae:
after harvesting the rice, sunning the rice in the field for 15 days, 11 months, feeding water into the annular ditch, slowly raising the water level to the depth of water on the field surface of 20cm, forcing the shrimps to ovulate and hatch in advance, and preventing the rice stakes from being submerged in the depth of water on the field surface of the rice stakes, so as to prevent the water quality from deteriorating; the Haoda yeast source organic fertilizer (water-soluble type) (Wuhan Haoda agriculture science and technology Limited) is used for sprinkling in the whole pond in good time in the morning of fine days, the using amount is 10 kilograms per mu, and abundant natural bait organisms are provided for crayfish seedlings. After rice is harvested, draining water in an annular ditch, when the water depth in the annular ditch reaches 60cm, disinfecting and clearing the wild by using quicklime, wherein the using amount of the quicklime is 200 kg/mu, disinfecting the field surface by adopting 100 kg/mu, and after 15 days, completely draining water in the annular ditch, namely completely drying the field surface and the annular ditch till 2 months of Youyan year, and clearing the wild by using tea seed cakes when the water enters the annular ditch to reach 0.8m, wherein the using amount of the tea seed cakes is 25 kg/mu; transplanting waterweeds in the annular ditch, wherein the waterweeds in the annular ditch are required to be planted at the position of the annular ditch edge with the water depth of 0.3 m; and (5) continuously feeding water for 10 days until the water depth of the field surface reaches 40cm, and transplanting the waterweeds on the field surface.
2-7, breeding of crayfish fries:
13 days 2 months after the year of Youyangnian, slowly feeding water into the shrimp fry breeding pond until the water depth of the rice field is 50cm, and promoting the parent shrimps carrying the young shrimps to go out of the hole, find food and grow;
2-8, culturing finished shrimps:
and 3, 25 days in the Yi-Nian, 80-120 crayfish fries/jin are captured from a shrimp fry breeding pond and transferred to a pond for breeding (breeding and separation), the stocking density of the shrimp fries at the mouth of a finished product shrimp breeding pond is 4500 crayfish/mu, 179.2 jin of high-quality finished crayfish with the size of more than 35 g/jin can be harvested after 40 days of breeding, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
2-9, daily management of crayfish:
the artificial mixed feed is fed every day according to 6% of the weight of shrimp larvae in finished shrimp culture, the artificial mixed feed is fed for the first time at 7 am, the feeding amount accounts for 30% of the total daily feeding amount, the artificial mixed feed is fed for the second time at 7 pm, the feeding amount accounts for 70% of the total daily feeding amount, and the artificial mixed feed fed in the early stage (within 10 g) of the shrimp larvae mainly comprises the following nutrients: 36% of crude protein, 5% of crude fat, 1.3% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber; the artificial compound feed for feeding young shrimps in later period (more than 10 g) comprises the following main nutritional components: 32% of crude protein, 5% of crude fat, 1.3% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber;
2-10, other management:
during the culture period, the oxygen increasing equipment is started to increase oxygen, the oxygen is increased from 12 pm to 2 pm in fine days and from 12 pm in the evening to 6 pm in the morning, and the oxygen is increased all day in rainy days, so that the dissolved oxygen of the culture water is ensured to be more than 4 mg/L;
according to the water quality conditions of the rice field and the annular ditch, adding fresh water for 1 time every 3-5 days, wherein the depth of the fresh water for each time is 6cm, and changing the culture water of the rice field and the annular ditch for 1 time every 15 days, wherein the water change amount is 35 percent of the total water amount of the rice field and the annular ditch;
the breeding water of the paddy field and the annular ditch water is regularly sprayed or mixed with bacillus subtilis 500 g/mu and Haoda synergist 10ppm (Wuhan Haoda agricultural science and technology Limited) in a full pond to improve water quality and inhibit the breeding and outbreak of harmful pathogens, the feeding and activity conditions of the crayfish are observed every day, and the disease is detected, diagnosed and treated in time.
Comparative example 1
The differences from the example 1 are that the culture area of the finished product shrimps in the comparative example 1 is 31.5 mu, and the shrimp fry throwing density is 7000 shrimp fries per mu.
Comparative example 2
The differences from the example 2 are that the culture area of the finished product shrimps in the comparative example 2 is 37.5 mu, and the shrimp fry throwing density is 8000 shrimp fries/mu.
The productivity and yield of large shrimp larvae, finished shrimp and rice in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002635183980000161
As can be seen from the above table, although comparative examples 1-2 improved the stocking density of the shrimp-growing culture pond, the survival rate of the shrimp-growing was significantly lower than that of examples 1-2, and the profit results of examples 1-2 were significantly greater than that of comparative examples 1-2.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A method for breeding, separating and planting large-size finished crayfishes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1-1, selecting paddy field:
selecting a rice field with good water quality, sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, good water retention capacity and no pollution on the periphery, wherein the area of the rice field is 5-40 mu;
1-2, rice field transformation:
(1) field engineering transformation and optimization of the shrimp fry culture pond: the area of the rice field is 5-15 mu, an annular ditch with the ditch depth of 1.0-1.2m, the ditch bottom width of 1-2m and the ditch surface width of 3-4m is dug in the rice field along the inner side of a ridge of the rice field, the inner side and the outer side of the annular ditch are respectively provided with an inner ridge of the ditch with the width of 30-40cm, the inner ridge of the ditch with the width of 40-50cm and the outer ridge of the ditch with the width of 2-3m and the height of 0.8-1.0m higher than the field surface, water inlet and outlet ports are arranged according to the pattern of high irrigation and low drainage, the water inlet and outlet ports are positioned at the two ends of the rice field as far as possible and are arranged in pairs, and according to stocking density;
(2) field engineering transformation and optimization of the finished shrimp culture pond: the area of the rice field is 15-40 mu, an annular ditch with the ditch depth of 1.0-1.2m, the ditch bottom width of 2-3m and the ditch surface width of 4-6m is dug in the rice field along the inner side of a ridge of the rice field, an inner ridge of the ditch with the width of 30-40cm, the ridge of the ditch 40-50cm higher than the surface of the rice field and an outer ridge of the ditch with the width of 2-3m and the height of 1.0-1.2m higher than the surface of the rice field are respectively constructed, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are respectively pre-buried at the two opposite sides of the outer ridge of the ditch, and a mechanical tillage path is constructed at one corner of the rice field and;
the annular ditch is provided with an impeller type aerator and a water climbing type aerator according to the water depth of the whole pool of 0.5-0.8 kw/mu/m;
1-3, preparation work of rice fields and annular ditches:
1-3-1, disinfection and field cleaning of rice fields and annular ditches:
(1) in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, planting according to the standard of 2-5 seedlings per hole according to conventional rice, hybrid rice and tillering capability thereof; after the rice is planted, feeding water into the annular ditch 1 month before the seed shrimps are put in the annular ditch, when the water depth in the annular ditch reaches 50-60cm, disinfecting and clearing the field by using quicklime, wherein the using amount of the quicklime is 150 kg/mu, after 14-16 days, continuously feeding water until the water depth in the annular ditch reaches 1.0m-1.2m, clearing the field by using tea seed cakes, and the using amount of the tea seed cakes is 20-25 kg/mu;
1-3-2. planting aquatic weeds, wherein the aquatic weeds are transplanted in the annular ditch 15-20 days before the shrimp seeds are put in 7-8 months, the aquatic weeds in the annular ditch are required to be planted at the position with the water depth of 0.1-0.3m beside the annular ditch, and the aquatic weeds are the watermifoil or the waterweeds;
uniformly putting the breeding shrimps in the annular ditch of the shrimp seed culture pond and the rice field from 7 months to 8 months, wherein the stocking density of the breeding shrimps is 30-40 jin/mu, the male-female ratio of the breeding shrimps is controlled to be 3:1, and the specification of the breeding shrimps is 10-15 jin/mu;
1-4, daily management of the breeding shrimps:
in the breeding stage of the shrimp seeds in the shrimp larva breeding pond for 8-10 months, keeping the water depth in the annular ditch to be 1.0-1.2m, feeding artificial compound feed according to 2-3% of the weight of the crayfish every day, feeding for 1 time every day, and feeding at 6-7 pm every day, wherein the artificial compound feed in the breeding stage of the shrimp seeds comprises the following nutrients: 30-32% of crude protein, 3-5% of crude fat, 1.1-1.3% of lysine, 0.7% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium, 10% of crude fiber and 13-15% of crude ash;
1-5, harvesting rice:
harvesting the rice in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, and keeping the rice stumps for more than 30 cm;
1-6, early breeding of shrimp larvae:
after harvesting the rice, sunning the rice for 10-15 days in the field, and in the beginning of 11 months, feeding water into the annular ditch, slowly raising the water level to the depth of 15-20cm above the field surface, forcing the seed shrimps to ovulate and hatch in advance, and preventing the rice stakes from being submerged in the depth of the field surface water, so as to prevent the water quality from deteriorating due to the fact that the rice stakes are completely submerged; after rice is harvested, draining water in an annular ditch, when the water depth in the annular ditch reaches 50-60cm, disinfecting and clearing the field by using quicklime, wherein the using amount of the quicklime is 150 plus 200 kg/mu, disinfecting the field surface by using 80-100 kg/mu of the quicklime, and after 10-15 days, completely draining water in the annular ditch, namely completely drying the field surface and the annular ditch to 2 months in Yi year, and clearing the field by using tea seed cakes when the water enters the annular ditch to reach 0.6-0.8 m, wherein the using amount of the tea seed cakes is 20-25 kg/mu; transplanting float grass in the annular ditch, wherein the float grass transplanting in the annular ditch is required to be planted at the position of the annular ditch edge with the depth of 0.1-0.3 m; after 7-10 days, continuously feeding water until the water depth of the field surface is 20-40cm, and transplanting waterweeds on the field surface, wherein the waterweeds are waterweeds;
1-7, culturing crayfish fries:
for 2 months of the year of Youyangnian, slowly feeding water into the shrimp seed culture pond until the water depth of the rice field is 30-50cm, and promoting the seed shrimps carrying young shrimps to go out of the hole, find food and grow;
1-8, culturing finished shrimps:
in the middle and late ten days of 3 months of Yi, crayfish fries with the specification of 80-120 fries/jin are captured from a shrimp fry breeding pool to be transferred to a pond for breeding, breeding and separation are implemented, the stocking density of the crayfish fries in a finished product shrimp breeding pool is 4000 plus 5000 pieces/mu, 100 plus 200 jin of high-quality finished crayfish with the specification of more than 35 g/piece can be harvested after 25-40 days of breeding, and the economic benefit is remarkable;
1-9 daily management of crayfish:
the artificial mixed feed is fed to the finished shrimp every day according to 4-6% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, the artificial mixed feed is fed for the first time at 6-7 am, the feeding amount accounts for 30% of the total daily feeding amount, the artificial mixed feed is fed for the second time at 6-7 pm, the feeding amount accounts for 70% of the total daily feeding amount, and the nutrient components of the artificial mixed feed fed to the shrimp larvae within 10g in the early stage are as follows: 30-36% of crude protein, 3-5% of crude fat, 1.1-1.3% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber; the artificial mixed feed for feeding the shrimp larvae with more than 10g in the later period comprises the following nutritional components: 28-32% of crude protein, 3-5% of crude fat, 1.1-1.3% of lysine, 0.8% of available phosphorus, 2% of calcium and 8% of crude fiber;
1-10. other management:
during the culture period, the oxygen increasing equipment is started to increase oxygen, the oxygen is increased from 12 pm to 2 pm in fine days and from 12 pm in the evening to 6 pm in the morning, and the oxygen is increased all day in rainy days, so that the dissolved oxygen of the culture water is ensured to be more than 4 mg/L;
according to the water quality conditions of the rice field and the annular ditch, adding fresh water for 1 time every 3-5 days, wherein the depth of the fresh water for each time is 5-6cm, and changing the culture water of the rice field and the annular ditch for 1 time every 15 days, wherein the water changing amount is 25-35% of the total water amount of the rice field and the annular ditch;
the breeding water of the paddy field and the annular ditch is regularly improved in water quality and inhibited from breeding and outbreak of harmful pathogens by using bacillus subtilis and Haoda synergist through a method of sprinkling or mixing the bacillus subtilis and the Haoda synergist in a whole pool, the ingestion and activity conditions of the crayfish are observed every day, and the disease is found to be timely checked, diagnosed and treated.
2. The method for breeding and separating large-size finished crayfishes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the middle of the bottom of the annular ditch is paved with aeration oxygenation disks, the distance between the aeration oxygenation disks is 10-20 m/piece, the distance between the microporous aeration pipes and the bottom of the ditch is 10-15cm, and the annular ditch is provided with a Roots blower according to the water depth of 0.2-0.5 kw/mu/m.
3. The method for breeding and separating large-size finished crayfishes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the row spacing of the aquatic weeds in the annular ditch is 4-6m, the plant spacing is 8-10m, the row spacing of the aquatic weeds in the rice field is 12-15m, and the plant spacing is 8-10 m.
4. The method for breeding and separating large-size finished crayfishes according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 4, splashing water-soluble Haoda yeast source organic fertilizer in the whole pool in the morning of sunny days 11-12 months after the rice is harvested, wherein the dosage of the Haoda yeast source organic fertilizer is 10-30 kg/mu.
5. The method for breeding and separating large-size finished crayfishes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the putting time of 7-8 months of the breeding shrimps is 6 o 'clock before the morning of fine day, and the putting time of 3-4 months of the shrimp seedlings is 9 o' clock before the morning.
6. The method for breeding and separating large-size finished crayfishes according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the rice is transplanted, the row spacing of the transplanted rice seedlings is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 13-16 cm.
7. The method for breeding and separating large-size finished crayfishes according to claim 1, characterized in that: 2-3 days before the molting peak of the crayfish, 5-10ppm of the Haoda humic acid-containing nutrient synergist is used every 5-7 days for sprinkling in the whole pond to promote the growth and smooth molting of the crayfish fries.
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