CN107047409B - Rice field early breeding method for large-size crayfish seedlings in spring - Google Patents
Rice field early breeding method for large-size crayfish seedlings in spring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a paddy field early breeding method for large-size crayfish seedlings in spring, which comprises the steps of field engineering modification, aquatic weed cultivation, parent release, feed feeding, water quality management, water level management and the like. The method can breed the large-size crayfish seedlings in early spring March, thereby avoiding the peak period of disease outbreak and improving the yield and quality of crayfish breeding. Meanwhile, the invention improves the whole occupation ratio of the large-size crayfish seedlings of more than 5g to more than 40 percent, can obviously improve the total output of the crayfish seedlings and has larger ecological, economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a crayfish fry breeding method.
Background
The crayfish academy of academic name procambarus clarkii, which is originally produced in north america, is introduced into China in the 30 th century, is widely distributed in China and becomes an important fresh water economic shell culture variety in Yangtze river basin and Huaihe river basin. The crayfish is delicious in taste, and in recent years, with the development of catering processing technology, the crayfish enters dining tables of thousands of households to become popular aquatic delicacies, so that the domestic consumption demand is increased rapidly, and the breeding scale is enlarged rapidly. At present, the crayfish is mainly bred in a low-lying paddy field, a cold waterlogged paddy field and the like, the breeding mode meets the requirement of stable yield of grains, improves the income of farmers, and has good ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit.
The prevention and control of high-quality seedlings and diseases are always the guarantee of the healthy development of aquaculture. At present, the sources of the crayfish fries are mainly wild fries in natural water and artificial fries naturally bred in artificial aquaculture water, the wild fries are gradually reduced under the condition of excessive capture, and the artificial fries are greatly influenced by natural conditions and the aquaculture water. Therefore, the crayfish fries become bottleneck factors for industrial development; in addition, the disease which jeopardizes the healthy breeding of crayfish is mainly White Spot Syndrome (WSSV), and the outbreak time of the disease is mainly concentrated in 5-6 months. Research results show that the WSSV has the strongest propagation and infection capacity in the period (the water temperature is about 25 ℃), and when the water temperature is increased to about 30 ℃, the virus virulence is reduced, and the diseases are also reduced. If the crayfish is bred to the market standard 5 months ago, the disease outbreak peak can be avoided. However, the mating and spawning of the parent crayfish of crayfish are concentrated in 9-10 months, and the crayfish fry reaches 5g mainly in 3-4 months of the next year in pure nature and can be listed after being cultured for 5-6 months. Therefore, in order to avoid the outbreak period of the crayfish diseases and the time of concentrated marketing, the aim can be achieved by breeding large-size shrimp fries in advance. The invention provides a method for breeding large-size seedlings in a rice field in advance by a series of measures.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the lack of practical technology for improving the yield of the crayfish fries in the spring of the rice field, the invention aims to provide the rice field early breeding technology for the large-size crayfish fries in the spring, the method can be used for advancing the time of the crayfish fries going out of the field and providing stable large-size high-quality fries.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a paddy field early breeding technology for large-size crayfish seedlings in spring comprises the following steps:
(1) field engineering reconstruction: selecting a rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, strong water retention capacity and no pollution source at the periphery, excavating a circular ditch with the width of 4-5 meters and the depth of 1.5-2 meters along the inner side of a ridge, and excavating a straight-line-shaped field ditch with the width of 1.5-2 meters and the depth of 1-1.5 meters in the field; building an inner ridge with the height of 40 cm at the peripheral edge of the field platform, wherein the excavated soil is used for widening and heightening the ridge to make the ridge 70-80 cm higher than the field platform, pre-burying a drain pipe in the rice field, and adding a screen at the outlet of the drain pipe to prevent trash fish from entering the rice field, wherein the ridge is provided with asbestos tiles or a plastic film to prevent the trash fish from escaping;
(2) planting aquatic weeds: transplanting waterweeds in the rice field and the circular trench 1-3 months per year, wherein the waterweeds are selected from the whole plant or 15-20 cm stem sections of the waterweeds, the transplanting of the waterweeds in the circular trench requires that the water depth of the circular trench is 1-1.5 meters, and the transplanting interval is 4-5 meters; transplanting water plants in the rice field requires that the depth of water in the rice field is 10-15 cm, and the transplanting interval is 2.5 multiplied by 5 meters;
(3) parent releasing: putting parent lobsters with the weight of 30-50 g in the circular ditches according to 20-30 jin per mu in 7-8 months per year, and controlling the female-male ratio of the parents to be 3: 1; or putting 4-7 g of young shrimps into the rice field according to 40-60 jin per mu in 3-4 months, and breeding to 30 g in 6 months to be reserved as parents;
(4) feeding the feed: feeding artificial feed which is 3-5% of the weight of the young shrimps at 5 pm every day in the middle ten days of 2 months until the young shrimps are harvested in the middle ten days of 3 months, wherein the artificial feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30% of crude protein, 5% of crude fat, 1.15% of lysine, 1% of phosphorus, 2% of calcium, 8% of crude fiber, 15% of crude ash and the balance of water;
(5) water quality management: the fermented manure is applied once a month in 1-2 months, the application amount is 100 jin per mu, plankton in the rice field is cultivated, the water stability is increased, and moss occurrence is reduced; performing bottom modification once a month to avoid the deterioration of water quality caused by straw rot and lobster feces accumulation and keep the pH value of the water quality at 7-8.5; 3-6 months, morning and evening, water is pumped for 3 hours respectively, the pumped water flow impacts the water surface to form micro-flowing water, and the water is pumped and changed in advance in rainy days, so that the dissolved oxygen is kept above 3 mg/L, and the floating head phenomenon is avoided;
(6) water level management: draining water in two weeks before rice planting to enable lobsters which are not harvested to enter a circular ditch of the rice field, wherein the draining is slow to avoid the shrimps digging holes in the rice field; after the rice is harvested, the water level of the rice field is kept at 20-30 cm, so that the parent shrimps are driven to dig holes at a low water level for mating, and the water level of 20-30 cm is kept for overwintering; increasing the water level of the paddy field to 40 cm in the last ten days of 2 months to promote the parent shrimps in the excavated holes to carry young shrimps out of the holes, so that the shrimp seedlings begin to eat and grow in advance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by adopting the method, large-size crayfish seedlings can be bred in early spring March, so that the peak period of disease outbreak is avoided, and the yield and the quality of crayfish breeding are improved.
(2) The invention improves the whole occupation ratio of the large-size crayfish seedlings of more than 5g to more than 40 percent and can obviously improve the total output of the crayfish seedlings.
(3) The method is simple and easy to operate, ecological and efficient, is suitable for practical popularization of production, and has great ecological, economic and social benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of field engineering of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following will describe in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention; it should be understood that the preferred embodiments are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
(1) field engineering reconstruction: selecting a rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, strong water retention capacity and no pollution source at the periphery, excavating a circular ditch with the width of 4-5 meters and the depth of 1.5-2 meters along the inner side of a ridge, excavating a straight-line-shaped field ditch with the width of 1.5-2 meters and the depth of 1-1.5 meters in the field, wherein the circular ditch and the field ditch are used for facilitating the digging, propagation and overwintering of parent shrimps at a deeper water level; building an inner ridge with the height of 40 cm at the peripheral edge of the field platform, wherein the excavated soil is used for widening and heightening the ridge to make the ridge 70-80 cm higher than the field platform, pre-burying a drain pipe in the rice field, and adding a screen at the outlet of the drain pipe to prevent trash fish from entering the rice field, wherein the ridge is provided with asbestos tiles or a plastic film to prevent the trash fish from escaping;
(2) planting aquatic weeds: transplanting waterweeds in the rice field and the circular trench 1-3 months per year, wherein the waterweeds are selected from the whole plant or 15-20 cm stem sections of the waterweeds, the transplanting of the waterweeds in the circular trench requires that the water depth of the circular trench is 1-1.5 meters, and the transplanting interval is 4-5 meters; transplanting water plants in the rice field requires that the depth of water in the rice field is 10-15 cm, and the transplanting interval is 2.5 multiplied by 5 meters;
(3) parent releasing: putting parent lobsters with the weight of 30-50 g in the circular ditches according to 20-30 jin per mu in 7-8 months per year, and controlling the female-male ratio of the parents to be 3: 1; or putting 4-7 g of young shrimps into the rice field according to 40-60 jin per mu in 3-4 months, and breeding to 30 g in 6 months to be reserved as parents;
(4) feeding the feed: feeding artificial feed which is 3-5% of the weight of the young shrimps at 5 pm every day in the middle ten days of 2 months until the young shrimps are harvested in the middle ten days of 3 months, wherein the artificial feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30% of crude protein, 5% of crude fat, 1.15% of lysine, 1% of phosphorus, 2% of calcium, 8% of crude fiber, 15% of crude ash and the balance of water, and stirring and uniformly mixing;
(5) water quality management: the fermented manure is applied once a month in 1-2 months, the application amount is 100 jin per mu, plankton in the rice field is cultivated, the water stability is increased, and moss occurrence is reduced; performing bottom modification once a month to avoid the deterioration of water quality caused by straw rot and lobster feces accumulation and keep the pH value of the water quality at 7-8.5; 3-6 months, morning and evening, water is pumped for 3 hours respectively, the pumped water flow impacts the water surface to form micro-flowing water, and the water is pumped and changed in advance in rainy days, so that the dissolved oxygen is kept above 3 mg/L, and the floating head phenomenon is avoided;
(6) water level management: draining water in two weeks before rice planting to enable lobsters which are not harvested to enter a circular ditch of the rice field, wherein the draining is slow to avoid the shrimps digging holes in the rice field; after the rice is harvested, the water level of the rice field is kept at 20-30 cm, so that the parent shrimps are driven to dig holes at a low water level for mating, and the water level of 20-30 cm is kept for overwintering; increasing the water level of the paddy field to 40 cm in the last ten days of 2 months to promote the parent shrimps in the excavated holes to carry young shrimps out of the holes, so that the shrimp seedlings begin to eat and grow in advance.
Comparative example: crayfish fries bred according to a conventional method.
The number and specifications of the shrimp catching seedlings in the control example 1 and the example 1 at the emergence peak time of 3-month 10-3-month 25 days were counted from the beginning of the catching in the experimental group 1 and the control group 1 at 3-month 10-day, and the results are shown in table 1 and table 2.
Table 1: contrast of shrimp larvae catching amount
| Index (I) | Experimental group 1 | Control group 1 |
| Total yield | 940.0kg | 836.3kg |
| Unit catch volume (average daily catch volume of single ground cage) | 1.81kg | 1.30kg |
Table 2: shrimp larvae specification comparison
| Specifications (proportion) | Experimental group 1 | Control group 1 |
| >15g | 5％ | 2.4％ |
| 10-15g | 10％ | 7.9％ |
| 5-10g | 27％ | 16％ |
| <5g | 58％ | 73.7％ |
Claims (1)
1. A paddy field early breeding method for large-size crayfish seedlings in spring is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) field engineering reconstruction: selecting a rice field with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, strong water retention capacity and no pollution source at the periphery, excavating a circular ditch with the width of 4-5 meters and the depth of 1.5-2 meters along the inner side of a ridge, and excavating a straight-line-shaped field ditch with the width of 1.5-2 meters and the depth of 1-1.5 meters in the field; building an inner ridge with the height of 40 cm at the peripheral edge of the field platform, wherein the excavated soil is used for widening and heightening the ridge to make the ridge 70-80 cm higher than the field platform, pre-burying a drain pipe in the rice field, and adding a screen at the outlet of the drain pipe to prevent trash fish from entering the rice field, wherein the ridge is provided with asbestos tiles or a plastic film to prevent the trash fish from escaping;
(2) planting aquatic weeds: transplanting waterweeds in the rice field and the circular trench 1-3 months per year, wherein the waterweeds are selected from the whole plant or 15-20 cm stem sections of the waterweeds, the transplanting of the waterweeds in the circular trench requires that the water depth of the circular trench is 1-1.5 meters, and the transplanting interval is 4-5 meters; transplanting water plants in the rice field requires that the depth of water in the rice field is 10-15 cm, and the transplanting interval is 2.5 multiplied by 5 meters;
(3) parent releasing: feeding parent lobsters with the weight of 30-50 g in the annular ditch according to 20-30 jin per mu in 7 months per year, and controlling the female-male ratio of the parents to be 3: 1; or putting 4-7 g of young shrimps into the rice field according to 40-60 jin per mu in 4 months, and breeding to 30 g in 6 months to be reserved as parents;
(4) feeding the feed: feeding artificial feed which is 3-5% of the weight of the young shrimps at 5 pm every day in the middle ten days of 2 months until the young shrimps are harvested in the middle ten days of 3 months, wherein the artificial feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30% of crude protein, 5% of crude fat, 1.15% of lysine, 1% of phosphorus, 2% of calcium, 8% of crude fiber, 15% of crude ash and the balance of water;
(5) water quality management: the fermented manure is applied once a month in 1-2 months, the application amount is 100 jin per mu, plankton in the rice field is cultivated, the water stability is increased, and moss occurrence is reduced; performing bottom modification once a month to avoid the deterioration of water quality caused by straw rot and lobster feces accumulation and keep the pH value of the water quality at 7-8.5; 3-6 months, morning and evening, water is pumped for 3 hours respectively, the pumped water flow impacts the water surface to form micro-flowing water, and the water is pumped and changed in advance in rainy days, so that the dissolved oxygen is kept above 3 mg/L, and the floating head phenomenon is avoided;
(6) water level management: draining water in two weeks before rice planting to enable lobsters which are not harvested to enter a circular ditch of the rice field, wherein the draining is slow to avoid the shrimps digging holes in the rice field; after the rice is harvested, the water level of the rice field is kept at 20-30 cm, so that the parent shrimps are driven to dig holes at a low water level for mating, and the water level of 20-30 cm is kept for overwintering; increasing the water level of the paddy field to 40 cm in the last ten days of 2 months to promote the parent shrimps in the excavated holes to carry young shrimps out of the holes, so that the shrimp seedlings begin to eat and grow in advance.
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| CN109601292A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2019-04-12 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of method of the comprehensive breeding of green high-efficient shrimp rice |
| CN109952987A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-07-02 | 长江大学 | It is a kind of to control the pond culturing system and method that cray spring and summer autumn persistently emerges |
| CN110973026A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-04-10 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Method for breeding crayfish seedlings in advance |
| CN111903453A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-11-10 | 华中农业大学 | Breeding and separating method for crayfishes in rice field |
| CN111758632B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2022-03-01 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | Method for breeding and raising rice field crayfish in early autumn |
| CN111758633A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-13 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | Batch ecological breeding method for rice field crayfishes |
| CN111771791A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-16 | 徐州市水产技术推广站 | Method for ecologically breeding crayfishes in rice field |
| CN112753630B (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2022-09-16 | 华中农业大学 | Method for breeding shrimp fries in autumn and application |
| CN114342751B (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2023-04-14 | 华中农业大学 | Rice and shrimp co-culture method capable of improving rice maturity uniformity |
| CN113854212A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-12-31 | 海南归耘田农业科技有限公司 | Directional cultivation method for crayfish seedlings |
| CN115362965A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-22 | 南京农业大学 | Soil slope structure for breeding crayfishes in paddy field without circular ditches and using method of soil slope structure |
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