CN111802015B - Method for recovering degraded grassland vegetation by hole making technology - Google Patents
Method for recovering degraded grassland vegetation by hole making technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN111802015B CN111802015B CN202010785897.9A CN202010785897A CN111802015B CN 111802015 B CN111802015 B CN 111802015B CN 202010785897 A CN202010785897 A CN 202010785897A CN 111802015 B CN111802015 B CN 111802015B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering degraded grassland vegetation by a hole making technology, which comprises the steps of respectively aiming at the hole making technology of mild degraded grasslands, moderate degraded grasslands and severe degraded grasslands, aiming at the degraded grasslands with different degrees, carrying out artificial hole punching on the degraded grasslands with serious soil erosion, punching circular hole punching on the degraded grasslands, setting different hole diameters and hole depths, and determining the distances between holes according to the degradation degrees of the grasslands. The invention mainly relies on natural force to repair vegetation of degraded grasslands, and has the characteristics of simplicity and easiness in operation, low repair cost, good ecological repair effect and the like. The invention improves the utilization efficiency of natural water reduction of the natural grassland by making holes, improves the storage capacity of the degenerated grassland soil seed storage, effectively increases the soil fertility of small pits, creates a microenvironment favorable for seed germination, and greatly improves the seed germination and seedling number of the natural grassland soil seed storage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological treatment and restoration of degraded grassland, and particularly relates to a technical method for improving the reservoir capacity of a soil seed reservoir and planting seeds to form seedlings by using a hole making technology, so as to realize ecological restoration of the degraded grassland.
Background
Grassland degradation is a process of progression of degradation of vegetation productivity, replacement of biological composition, soil degradation, changes in hydrologic circulatory system, and deterioration of near-surface microclimate environment by unreasonable management and overrun utilization of retrograde ecological progression caused under vulnerable ecological geographic conditions. Water is the most important ecological factor in the grassland ecosystem in arid and semi-arid regions, and the only way to source natural grassland moisture is natural precipitation. The desert grassland has no obvious effect on vegetation restoration of the desert grassland and even causes the aggravation of degradation degree due to the limiting factors of rare precipitation, large evaporation capacity, serious wind erosion and water erosion and the like. Meanwhile, the seeds in the degenerated grassland soil seed bank are difficult to germinate due to rare precipitation and large evaporation capacity, or the seedling death phenomenon occurs due to long-time drought after germination, so that the survival rate of the seedlings is low. The soil seed bank provides a seed source for the update and recovery of plant communities and plays an important role in remodeling and maintaining biodiversity. The relative lack of the number of degenerated grassland soil seed banks results in a lack of grassland plant seeds for ecological restoration of the grassland. In recent years, people pay more and more attention to the role of the rural plant grass seeds in ecological restoration, but the wide popularization of ecological restoration is restricted due to the difficulty in collecting and sowing the rural plant grass seeds. Therefore, the key point of ecological restoration of the desert grassland is to fully utilize limited natural precipitation, increase the storage capacity of a soil seed warehouse and improve the success rate of germination and field planting of the rural soil seeds.
At present, widely applied grassland ecological restoration measures such as soil loosening, fertilization, reseeding and the like are taken as common ecological restoration technologies, and have obvious effects on typical grasslands and meadow grasslands. However, due to the limiting factors of rare precipitation, large evaporation capacity, serious wind erosion and water erosion and the like, the traditional technical methods have no obvious effect in the vegetation restoration of the desert grassland, and even cause the aggravation of the degradation degree. The existing ecological restoration technical measures of the desert grassland have great blindness, and some areas adopt ecological restoration technical schemes which are not suitable for the characteristics of the desert grassland, so that the ecological restoration effect is not obvious, and a great amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are wasted. Therefore, based on the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art, there is a need to develop a technical measure for vegetation restoration suitable for the harsh environment of the desert grassland, so as to improve the success rate of ecological restoration of the desert grassland and reduce the ecological restoration cost of the desert grassland.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for recovering degraded grassland vegetation by a hole making technology in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, thereby realizing ecological restoration of the degraded grassland under the fragile ecological environment.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention discloses a method for recovering degraded grassland vegetation by a hole making technology, which comprises the following steps of artificial hole making technology aiming at mild degraded grassland, moderate degraded grassland and severe degraded grassland respectively:
(1) Aiming at the slightly degraded grasslands with 20% < vegetation coverage less than 30%, carrying out artificial pit smashing on the degraded grasslands with serious soil erosion, smashing round pits with the diameter of 5-8 cm and the depth of 5-9 cm on the degraded grasslands, and determining the distance between pits according to the degradation degree of the grasslands;
(2) Aiming at moderate degraded grasslands with vegetation coverage of less than or equal to 20 percent and dominant species accounting for less than 20 percent; smashing round pits on the degraded grasslands, wherein the diameter of each pit is 6-7 cm, and the depth of each pit is 6-7 cm;
(3) Aiming at the severely degraded grasslands with vegetation coverage less than or equal to 10%, the vegetation is mainly one-year plants, and the vegetation restoration is carried out by adopting a method of smashing pits and paving twine grids on the severely degraded grasslands with serious soil erosion; the diameter of the pit is 6-8 cm, and the depth of the pit is 7-9 cm.
Preferably, for mildly degraded grasslands, the pit spacing is about 30cm, with 9 pits per square meter.
Preferably, for moderately degraded grasslands, the pit spacing is about 25cm, with 16 pits per square meter.
Preferably, for severely degraded grasslands, the pit spacing is about 20cm, with 25 pits per square meter.
Preferably, the mesh size of the twine mesh for severely degraded grasslands is 30cm2, and the twine diameter of the twine mesh is 1cm.
The implementation time of the method for recovering the vegetation of the degraded grassland by the pit making technology is that after the grassland in spring is watered every year, engineering operation of artificially making pits by the degraded grassland is carried out under the state that soil is wet.
The method for recovering the degraded grassland vegetation by the pit making technology also comprises the implementation of a post-management technology, wherein the implementation of the post-management technology is that fence grazing is implemented on an operation area after pit making is completed, the grazing time is 1-2 years, reproductive branches of perennial vegetation are not ingested, the vegetation flowers and fruits, seeds fall into small pits after maturity, a large amount of rural seeds are gathered in the small pits, and the number of soil seed banks is increased.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the natural precipitation of the desert grasslands is less, the soil erosion is serious, and the soil erosion of the grasslands can be accelerated by excessive disturbance of the soil, so that a few low-disturbance technical schemes are needed in the ecological restoration technology, and the technical scheme of the invention mainly relies on natural force to restore vegetation of the degraded grasslands and has the characteristics of simplicity, easiness in operation, low restoration cost, good ecological restoration effect and the like. According to the technical scheme, the utilization efficiency of natural dewatering of a natural grassland is improved through hole making, limited dewatering is locally gathered on the grassland, and the water content of soil in holes is improved; meanwhile, the storage capacity of the degenerated grassland soil seed warehouse is improved, the soil fertility of the pit is effectively increased, and a microenvironment favorable for germination of the seeds of the rural soil is created. By implementing the technical scheme of the invention, the seed germination and seedling number of the natural grassland soil seed bank is greatly improved. The technical scheme of the invention realizes the collection of perennial pasture seeds such as festuca arundinacea, festuca arundinacea or awnless shadow grass by means of natural force, and simultaneously realizes the natural hill seeding of the seeds, thereby effectively solving the problems of collection and seeding of the native pasture seeds. The technical scheme of the invention follows the running rule of the ecological system of the desert grassland, fully utilizes natural precipitation of the natural grassland and improves the quantity of seeds in the soil seed bank to carry out ecological restoration, develops the ecological restoration technical method with low disturbance and zero irrigation of the soil, breaks through the technical bottleneck of ecological restoration of the desert grassland, and has strong innovation.
The invention also solves the following technical problems: 1) According to the technical scheme, natural precipitation of a natural grassland can be fully utilized, accumulated water is formed in pits in the precipitation process, the water content of soil in the pits is improved, and sufficient water is provided for seed germination; 2) The small pits can also accumulate a large amount of native plant seeds on the grasslands, the native plant seeds can be accumulated in the small pits in summer, and the seeds which are transmitted by wind power can be accumulated in the small pits in winter, so that the storage capacity of a degraded grassland soil seed bank is improved, natural hill-drop is realized, and the technical problems of collection, sowing and the like of the native plant seeds are solved; 3) The small pits can accumulate grass foam, sheep manure foam and fine soil corroded by wind power, so that the soil fertility in the small pits is improved, and a large amount of concentrated 'Wao islands' of grassland fertilizer and seeds are formed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cavitation technique of the present invention for recovering degraded grassland vegetation;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of the cavitation technique of the present invention after restoration of degraded grassland vegetation;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the cavitation effect of the cavitation technique of the present invention to recover degraded grassland vegetation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hole making technique of the present invention for recovering degraded grassland vegetation;
in fig. 4: 1-soil-working; 2-sheep manure foam; 3-grass; 4-seed.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention discloses a method for recovering degraded grassland vegetation by a hole making technique, which comprises artificial hole making techniques for slightly degraded grassland, moderately degraded grassland and severely degraded grassland, respectively: (1) Aiming at the slightly degraded grasslands with 20% < vegetation coverage less than 30%, carrying out artificial pit smashing on the degraded grasslands with serious soil erosion, smashing round pits with the diameter of 5-8 cm and the depth of 5-9 cm on the degraded grasslands, and determining the distance between pits according to the degradation degree of the grasslands; (2) Aiming at moderate degraded grasslands with vegetation coverage of less than or equal to 20 percent and dominant species accounting for less than 20 percent; smashing round pits on the degraded grasslands, wherein the diameter of each pit is 6-7 cm, and the depth of each pit is 6-7 cm; (3) Aiming at the severely degraded grasslands with vegetation coverage less than or equal to 10%, the vegetation is mainly one-year plants, and the vegetation restoration is carried out by adopting a method of smashing pits and paving twine grids on the severely degraded grasslands with serious soil erosion; the diameter of the pit is 6-8 cm, and the depth of the pit is 7-9 cm.
Aiming at the slightly degraded grasslands, the pit spacing is about 30cm, and 9 pits are arranged in each square meter. For medium degraded grasslands, the pit spacing is about 25cm, and 16 pits are formed per square meter. Aiming at severe degraded grasslands, the pit spacing is about 20cm, 25 pits are paved in each square meter, and the mesh size of the hemp rope mesh is 30cm 2 The diameter of the hemp rope paved with the hemp rope grid is 1cm. The implementation time of the method for recovering the vegetation of the degraded grassland by the pit making technology is that after the grassland in spring is watered every year, engineering operation of artificially making pits by the degraded grassland is carried out under the state that soil is wet. The method for recovering the degraded grassland vegetation by the pit making technology also comprises the implementation of a post-management technology, wherein the implementation of the post-management technology is that fence grazing is implemented on an operation area after pit making is completed, the grazing time is 1-2 years, reproductive branches of perennial vegetation are not ingested, the maximum number of vegetation bloom and fruit are enabled to fall into small pits after seeds are ripe, a large amount of rural seeds are gathered in the small pits, and the number of soil seed banks is increased. As can be seen from fig. 2 and 4, a lot of soil 1, sheep manure foam 2, grass foam 3 and seeds 4 are accumulated in each pit.
Finally, it should be noted that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Simple modifications and equivalent substitutions for the technical proposal of the invention will not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical proposal of the invention by those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A method for recovering degraded grassland vegetation by a hole making technology, which is characterized in that: the method of making holes to recover degraded grassland vegetation includes making holes to slightly degraded grassland, moderately degraded grassland and severely degraded grassland, respectively:
(1) Aiming at the slightly degraded grasslands with 20% < vegetation coverage less than 30%, carrying out artificial pit smashing on the degraded grasslands with serious soil erosion, smashing round pits with the diameter of 5-8 cm and the depth of 5-9 cm on the degraded grasslands, and determining the distance between pits according to the degradation degree of the grasslands;
(2) Aiming at moderate degraded grasslands with vegetation coverage of less than or equal to 20 percent and dominant species accounting for less than 20 percent; smashing round pits on the degraded grasslands, wherein the diameter of each pit is 6-7 cm, and the depth of each pit is 6-7 cm;
(3) Aiming at the severely degraded grasslands with vegetation coverage less than or equal to 10%, the vegetation is mainly one-year plants, and the vegetation restoration is carried out by adopting a method of smashing pits and paving twine grids on the severely degraded grasslands with serious soil erosion; the diameter of the pit is 6-8 cm, and the depth of the pit is 7-9 cm;
aiming at mild degraded grasslands, the pit spacing is 30cm, and 9 pits are arranged in each square meter; aiming at the medium degraded grassland, the pit spacing is 25cm, and 16 pits are formed in each square meter; aiming at severe degraded grasslands, the pit spacing is 20cm, and 25 pits are arranged in each square meter; then fully utilizing natural precipitation of the natural grasslands to form accumulated water in pits in the precipitation process; the small pits can also accumulate a large amount of native plant grass seeds on the grasslands, the native plant seeds can be accumulated in the small pits in summer, and the seeds which are transmitted by wind power can be accumulated in the small pits in winter; the small pits can accumulate grass foam, sheep manure foam and fine soil eroded by wind power.
2. A method of recovering degraded grassland vegetation by a hole making technique as claimed in claim 1, wherein: aiming at severe degraded grasslands, the mesh size of the hemp rope mesh paved is 30cm 2 The diameter of the hemp rope paved with the hemp rope grid is 1cm.
3. A method of recovering degraded grassland vegetation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the implementation time of the method for recovering the vegetation of the degraded grassland by the pit making technology is that after the grassland in spring is watered every year, engineering operation of artificially making pits by the degraded grassland is carried out under the state that soil is wet.
4. A method of recovering degraded grassland vegetation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the method for recovering the degraded grassland vegetation by the pit making technology further comprises the implementation of a post-management technology, wherein the implementation of the post-management technology is specifically that fence grazing is implemented on an operation area after pit making is completed, the grazing time is 1-2 years, reproductive branches of perennial vegetation are not fed, maximum amount of vegetation bloom and fruit are enabled to fall into small pits after seeds are ripe, a large amount of rural seeds are gathered in the small pits, and the number of soil seed banks is increased.
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| CN114651549B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-11-14 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Construction method for treating saline-alkali spots |
| CN115568381A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-01-06 | 鄂尔多斯市林业和草原调查勘验中心 | Method for controlling grassland desertification land by using ecological vegetation |
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| RU2103076C1 (en) * | 1996-04-11 | 1998-01-27 | Николай Юрьевич Чесноков | Contaminated soil cleaning and recultivation method |
| CN104285534A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-01-21 | 赵伟森 | Soil improvement and water and soil conservation method for black soil area |
| CN105580620A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-18 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Afforestation method for arid region secondary salinization land |
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| RU2629785C2 (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-09-04 | Министерство сельского хозяйства Российской Федерации Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Вятская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия" (ФГБОУ ВПО ВГСХА) | Method for extending production longevity of sowings of perennial leguminous grasses |
| CN105103827A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-12-02 | 天津绿茵景观生态建设股份有限公司 | Sandy soil area vegetation fast construction mode |
| CN105027940B (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2017-06-23 | 贵州师范大学 | A kind of Rocky Desertification Region herbage planting and establishing method and its application method |
| KR101835119B1 (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-03-06 | 강원대학교 산학협력단 | Pit and mulching planting techniques to improve tree growth in windy and arid region |
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| CN109618823B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-04-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ecological restoration method for degraded grey-vein sedge wetland |
| CN110463396A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-19 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Restore the method for degeneration grassland vegetation using latticed rope made of hemp mesh belt |
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| RU2103076C1 (en) * | 1996-04-11 | 1998-01-27 | Николай Юрьевич Чесноков | Contaminated soil cleaning and recultivation method |
| CN104285534A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-01-21 | 赵伟森 | Soil improvement and water and soil conservation method for black soil area |
| CN105580620A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-05-18 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Afforestation method for arid region secondary salinization land |
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