CN102804991B - Rapid method for promoting ecological restoration of damaged ecological system under extreme arid environment - Google Patents
Rapid method for promoting ecological restoration of damaged ecological system under extreme arid environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN102804991B CN102804991B CN2012102817431A CN201210281743A CN102804991B CN 102804991 B CN102804991 B CN 102804991B CN 2012102817431 A CN2012102817431 A CN 2012102817431A CN 201210281743 A CN201210281743 A CN 201210281743A CN 102804991 B CN102804991 B CN 102804991B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rapid method for promoting ecological restoration of a damaged ecological system under an extreme arid environment. The method uses a natural succession process of natural vegetation composition, community dynamics, modes of reproduction and desert vegetational types, quickens restoration of desert plants through a mode combining artificial ecological restoration and spontaneous recovery, simultaneously uses excited effects of a desert region water and salt migration rule and a flooding mode on a seed bank to improve breeding habitats of disappeared species of degeneration communities, thereby achieving a purpose of promoting the ecological restoration of the damaged ecological system under the extreme arid environment so as to improve efficiency of the ecological restoration in a dry desert region with the condition that a precipitation amount is less than 100mm, evaporation capacity is more than 2000mm and surface water is in serious lack, improves community diversity of the desert plants through plant provenance compensation and habitat improvement, improves stability of community structures, and improves self-maintenance capability of restored plant communities.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to improve arid-desert area and breed environment, accelerate the method for ecological recovery, be specifically related to artificial provenance and supplement and habitat improvement method.
Background technology
Species diversity is the result of life long-term evolution on the earth, especially mankind's material base of depending on for existence.Species diversity is to keep the necessary condition of ecosystem relative equilibrium, prevent erosion, regulate the climate, absorb decomposing pollutant, store nutritive element and promote Nutrient Cycling and keep the aspects such as evolutionary process all with the species diversity indirect correlation.The diversity of species means the complex structure of the ecosystem, and the networking degree is high, and heterogeneous strong, the channel of energy, material and information input and output is numerous and intensive, crisscross, unblocked, thereby flow is large, flow velocity is fast, productivity is high.Even indivedual approach are destroyed, system also can be because of counteracting each other between various species, mutually compensate and substitute the normal operation that guarantees energy flow, material stream, information flow, the destroyed part of system architecture is repaired rapidly, the original stable state of recovery system, or form new stable state, therefore, the extinction of some species may cause the unbalance even collapse of whole system.Due to the rapid growth of world today's population, the continuous aggravation of economical activities of mankind, species diversity is being faced with day by day serious threat.Arid-desert area is because mankind's activity and the water and soil resources development activities take water resources development as main body cause the ecosystem to be badly damaged on a large scale, and then cause that ecosystem service function degeneration, species diversity reduce etc., this environmental problem of Tarim River basin highlights.Over nearly 50 years, large intensity exploitation due to the mankind take water resources development and utilization as core, cause the cutout of 320km river course, downstream, the ecosystem take natural vegetation as main body is had a strong impact on, lake is dry, subterranean water level descends, and the perennial herb vegetation degeneration is dead, and the Chinese tamarisk shrubbery of survival decays, forest land is sparse, desertifies strong.Be subjected to the impact of arid, the Lower Reaches of Tarim plant ecosystem has experienced that draft degeneration, shrub are degenerated, arbor degenerates, and forms take diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk or one of both as the group of advantage, vegetation structure is tending towards simply, homogeneous, and species diversity seriously lacks.
The ecological water delivery of Lower Reaches of Tarim is taked along natural river course " linear " water-carriage mode, it is a rescue life process, between elementary period, although near the natural vegetation that subterranean water level, rescue the lifting river course are decayed has day by day played important function, but be difficult to realize the renewal of the plants such as diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk, the revegetation process is slow, and recovery is a line, rather than face, the recovery scope is extremely limited.Although some large-scale arbor and bush plants are saved and rejuvenation, it is not obvious that herbaceous plant is improved, and structure of community is still single, tract especially, and woodland sand ground activation phenomenon is not curbed yet.In the vertical, from upstream to downstream, along with the increase of water delivery distance, ecological water delivery weakens the impact of underground water level, and the revegetation situation is also poor; In the horizontal, subterranean water level, and eases up with away from the water delivery river course, affecting intensity to the response range of water delivery in 850m, and beyond 850mm, the water delivery process does not have impact substantially on groundwater level.For this reason,, for accelerating the recovery of natural vegetation,, according to Tarimhe River plant physiology characteristics and hydrologic condition,, in nearer location, dried up source, utilize soil seed bank, soil seed pool, seed flow to carry out group's transformation; In the annual 8-9 month, utilize this during river course come the water yield large, take river course to overflow and face on discharge water, activate soil seed bank, soil seed pool, cover thereby increase earth's surface, accelerate the recovery of natural vegetation.
Consider Lower Reaches of Tarim plant nature physiological condition, and consider economy and the technical feasibility of novel technical method, utilize the locality principle of living species,, gathering diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk, Radix Glycyrrhizae, small bell thorn the 7-10 month and stinging in vain seed and supplement for provenance, help to alleviate the reverse succession of Lower Reaches of Tarim deserta; Utilize Desert Regions water salt migration rule, the retaining of ditching in advance in the zone of carrying out ecological recovery, migrate to the soil saturation layer by moisture with soil salt, until diffuse to deep subsoil, and then obtain progressively to the effect that presses down salt; Utilize Tarimhe River footpath fleeting time season crack law, abandon water in the 8-9 month utilization deserta is carried out irregular flood irrigation moisturizing, utilize simultaneously the ditch dug with a plow of the front reclamation of wasteland of pouring water, make the best use of the situation, guiding is abandoned water and is as far as possible evenly irrigated; Utilize vegetation seed naturally to disseminate mode and natural propagation rule, broadcast sowing the seed of diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk, Radix Glycyrrhizae, small bell thorn and white thorn at the flood irrigation water inlet, the simulating plant population naturally give birth to numerous process; Utilize plant species field planting water utilization characteristics, at Second Year, carry out twice moisturizing, guide its root system to stretch to deep layer, thereby reach plant growth from keeping effect.
Summary of the invention
the object of the invention is, the fast method that promotes the damaged ecosystem ecological recovery under a kind of extreme drought environment is provided, the method utilizes natural vegetation to form, community dynamic, the natural deduction process of modes of reproduction and deserta group, recover and naturally recover the mode that combines by artificial ecology, accelerated the eremophytes recovery, the effect that utilizes simultaneously Desert Regions water salt migration rule and flood irrigation mode to excite seed bank, improved the habitat of breeding that Community Characters of Degenerate is lost species, thereby reach the purpose that promotes damaged ecosystem ecological recovery under extreme drought environment, to improve in precipitation less than 100mm, evaporation discharge is greater than 2000mm, the efficiency of the arid-desert area ecological recovery of surface water famine, promoted the diversity that the eremophytes species form.
Promote the fast method of damaged ecosystem ecological recovery under extreme drought environment of the present invention, follow these steps to carry out:
A, at the arid-desert area exposed ground, open parallel ditch, ditch depth 0.4-0.5m, ditch spacing 2-4m, then the head and the tail of each ditch ditch again, ditch depth 0.4-0.5m, keep unimpeded between each ditch;
B, during the annual 7-10 month, the Chinese tamarisk of gathering, diversiform-leaved poplar, Radix Glycyrrhizae, small bell thorn and berry of nitraria tangutorum bobr and seed, be placed in Feng Yinchu and dry, and with paper bag, is stored in the low temperature drying environment;
C, in April, utilize underground water to carry out the flood irrigation retaining to pre-reclamation of wasteland ditch, in the 9-10 month, with flood, the flood irrigation moisturizing is carried out on the exposed earth's surface of arid-desert area;
D, when irrigating moisturizing, the plant seed of collecting is poured in current, disseminate Community Characters of Degenerate lost thing kind seed by current;
Carry out respectively twice moisturizing in e, Second Year April and 9-10 month and irrigate, promote root system of plant to grow to deep layer.
The described Chinese tamarisk of step b, diversiform-leaved poplar, Radix Glycyrrhizae, small bell thorn and white thorn are selected the plant that growth is vigorous, spray is in great numbers, on ripe limit, fructescence limit, adopt.
The described plant seed airing of step b is as the criterion with the pericarp cracking, avoids and is exposed to the sun.
Promote the fast method of damaged ecosystem ecological recovery under extreme drought environment of the present invention, the method is utilized the locality principle of living species, gathers diversiform-leaved poplar, Chinese tamarisk, Radix Glycyrrhizae, small bell thorn and stings in vain seed, carries out the provenance compensation.For these Native species seed maturities,, selecting per month the plant that grows vigorous, that spray is in great numbers to gather mature seed the 7-10 month, reach ripe limit, limit and adopt, improve seed viability.Utilize retaining to press salt, the retaining of ditching in the territory, area to be restored, and by flood irrigation, excite seed bank, improve Community Characters of Degenerate and lose the habitat of breeding of species.Utilize the deserta modes of reproduction and disseminate rule, by pouring water, disseminating seeds, realizing the provenance compensation of species loss district.
Promote the fast method of damaged ecosystem ecological recovery under extreme drought environment of the present invention, its characteristics are:
the present invention is directed to Desert Regions species under the Extreme drought environment loses, structure of plant community is tending towards simple and average, by utilizing natural vegetation to form, community dynamic, the natural deduction process of modes of reproduction and deserta group, recover and naturally recover the mode that combines by artificial ecology, accelerated the eremophytes recovery, the effect that utilizes simultaneously Desert Regions water salt migration rule and flood irrigation mode to excite seed bank, improve Community Characters of Degenerate and lose the habitat of breeding of species, thereby reach the compensation of plant provenance, improve the Desert plants community diversity, increase the stability of structure of community, and then ensure long-term effect after the artificial ecology recovery measure withdraws from.
Compare with the conventional householder method of existing arid-desert area manual reversion vegetation, can extremely hang down under the darker natural conditions of precipitation, very big evaporation discharge and bury of groundwater, take full advantage of nature recovery process, with low Financial cost, the method of high-tech operability improves arid-desert area ecological recovery purpose, avoids the reverse succession of plant community after manual reversion.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Adopt artificial or mechanical system is opened parallel ditch at the arid-desert area exposed ground, ditch depth 0.4m, ditch spacing 2m, and at each ditch head and the tail, open again the dark ditch of 0.4m, and keep unimpeded between each ditch, utilize underground water to carry out the flood irrigation retaining to pre-reclamation of wasteland ditch April;
During the annual 7-10 month, in the same area of area to be restored, select local species diversity to keep local preferably, select Chinese tamarisk, diversiform-leaved poplar, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the small bell thorn that growth is vigorous, spray is in great numbers and sting in vain plant, gather on ripe limit, fructescence limit and collect fruit and seed, gathering is placed on Feng Yinchu and dries to pericarp cracking, avoids and is exposed to the sun, and collects and is stored in the low temperature drying environment with paper bag;
9 with flood, the flood irrigation moisturizing is carried out in the territory, area to be restored October (concrete time depending on Tarim River carry out the water yield), simultaneously, the plant seed of collecting is poured in current, disseminate Community Characters of Degenerate lost thing kind seed by current, definite foundation of plant lost thing kind seed kind is the locality principle, i.e. sampling on the spot, the principle of supplementing on the spot, select local species diversity to keep zone preferably to gather seed,, species single area impaired to the ecosystem carries out lost thing kind provenance and supplements;
In Second Year April and 9 and carry out respectively twice moisturizing October (concrete time depending on Tarim River carry out the water yield) and irrigate, promote root system of plant to get final product to the deep layer growth.
Embodiment 2:
Adopt artificial or mechanical system is opened parallel ditch at the arid-desert area exposed ground, ditch depth 0.5m, ditch spacing 3m, plough the dark ditch of 0.5m again at each ditch head and the tail, keeps unimpeded between each ditch, April, utilizes underground water to carry out the flood irrigation retaining to pre-reclamation of wasteland ditch dug with a plow;
During the annual 7-10 month, in the same area of area to be restored, select local species diversity to keep local preferably, select Chinese tamarisk, diversiform-leaved poplar, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the small bell thorn that growth is vigorous, spray is in great numbers and sting in vain plant, at fructescence limit ripe limit picking fruit and seed, gathering is placed on Feng Yinchu and dries to pericarp cracking, avoids and is exposed to the sun, and collects and is stored in the low temperature drying environment with paper bag;
9 with flood, the flood irrigation moisturizing is carried out in the territory, area to be restored October (concrete time depending on Tarim River carry out the water yield), simultaneously, the plant seed of collecting is poured in current, disseminate Community Characters of Degenerate lost thing kind seed by current, definite foundation of plant lost thing kind seed kind is the locality principle, i.e. sampling on the spot, the principle of supplementing on the spot, select local species diversity to keep zone preferably to gather seed,, species single area impaired to the ecosystem carries out lost thing kind provenance and supplements;
In Second Year April and 9 and carry out respectively twice moisturizing October (concrete time depending on Tarim River carry out the water yield) and irrigate, the promotion root system of plant is grown to deep layer.
Embodiment 3:
Adopt artificial or mechanical system is opened parallel ditch at the arid-desert area exposed ground, ditch depth 0.5m, ditch spacing 4m, open the dark ditch of 0.5m again in each ditch head and the tail, keeps unimpeded between each ditch, April, utilizes underground water to carry out the flood irrigation retaining to pre-reclamation of wasteland ditch dug with a plow;
During the annual 7-10 month, in the same area of area to be restored, select local species diversity to keep local preferably, select Chinese tamarisk, diversiform-leaved poplar, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the small bell thorn that growth is vigorous, spray is in great numbers and sting in vain plant, at fructescence limit ripe limit picking fruit and seed, gathering is placed on Feng Yinchu and dries to pericarp cracking, avoids and is exposed to the sun, and collects and is stored in the low temperature drying environment with paper bag;
9 with flood, the flood irrigation moisturizing is carried out in the territory, area to be restored October (concrete time depending on Tarim River carry out the water yield), simultaneously, the plant seed of collecting is poured in current, disseminate Community Characters of Degenerate lost thing kind seed by current, definite foundation of plant lost thing kind seed kind is the locality principle, i.e. sampling on the spot, the principle of supplementing on the spot, select local species diversity to keep zone preferably to gather seed,, species single area impaired to the ecosystem carries out lost thing kind provenance and supplements;
In Second Year April and 9 and carry out respectively twice moisturizing October (concrete time depending on Tarim River carry out the water yield) and irrigate, the promotion root system of plant is grown to deep layer.
Claims (3)
1. promote the fast method of damaged ecosystem ecological recovery under an extreme drought environment, it is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:
A, at the arid-desert area exposed ground, open parallel ditch, ditch depth 0.4-0.5m, ditch spacing 2-4m, ditch at the head and the tail of each ditch again, and ditch depth 0.4-0.5m keeps unimpeded between each ditch;
B, during the annual 7-10 month, the Chinese tamarisk of gathering, diversiform-leaved poplar, Radix Glycyrrhizae, small bell thorn and berry of nitraria tangutorum bobr and seed, be placed in Feng Yinchu and dry, and with paper bag, is stored in the low temperature drying environment;
C, in April, utilize underground water to carry out the flood irrigation retaining to pre-reclamation of wasteland ditch, in the 9-10 month, with flood, the flood irrigation moisturizing is carried out on the exposed earth's surface of arid-desert area;
D, when irrigating moisturizing, the plant seed of collecting is poured in current, disseminate Community Characters of Degenerate lost thing kind seed by current;
Carry out respectively twice moisturizing in e, Second Year April and 9-10 month and irrigate, promote root system of plant to grow to deep layer.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the described Chinese tamarisk of step b, diversiform-leaved poplar, Radix Glycyrrhizae, small bell thorn and the plant that white thorn selection growth is vigorous, spray is in great numbers, on ripe limit, fructescence limit, adopts.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the described plant seed of step b dries with the pericarp cracking to be as the criterion, and avoids and be exposed to the sun.
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| CN2012102817431A CN102804991B (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2012-08-09 | Rapid method for promoting ecological restoration of damaged ecological system under extreme arid environment |
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| CN2012102817431A CN102804991B (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2012-08-09 | Rapid method for promoting ecological restoration of damaged ecological system under extreme arid environment |
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| CN104351008B (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-05-11 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | A kind of method that promotes that degeneration Populus Euphratica Oliv. Population in Extreme Dry drought-hit area upgrades |
| CN115530023A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2022-12-30 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for rapidly supplementing degenerated ecosystem seed source in arid region through artificial seed floating |
| CN115553174A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-01-03 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for promoting restoration and reconstruction of damaged ecological system in arid region |
| CN115553175A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-01-03 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for improving vegetation recovery and ecological function of desert-oasis transition zone in arid region |
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