CN111747887A - 一种马来酸氯苯那敏的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种马来酸氯苯那敏的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111747887A
CN111747887A CN201910251936.4A CN201910251936A CN111747887A CN 111747887 A CN111747887 A CN 111747887A CN 201910251936 A CN201910251936 A CN 201910251936A CN 111747887 A CN111747887 A CN 111747887A
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张强
黄忠超
雷凯
但小梅
吴金伟
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Sichuan Difeite Pharmaceutical Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种氯苯那敏的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)对氯苯乙腈和2‑氯吡啶反应,得到中间体1;(2)中间体1与2‑二甲氨基氯乙烷反应,得到中间体2;(3)中间体2与碱反应,得到氯苯那敏。本发明还进一步提供了马来酸氯苯那敏的制备方法。该方法合成路线短,原料易得,成本低;总收率较高,产品质量可控;反应条件温和,对设备要求低,易于工业化生产。

Description

一种马来酸氯苯那敏的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于药物合成技术领域,具体涉及一种氯苯那敏和马来酸氯苯那敏的制备方法。
背景技术
马来酸氯苯那敏,英文名称:Chlorphenamine maleate,化学名称:2-[对-氯-a-[2-(二甲胺基)乙基]苯基]吡啶马来酸盐分子式:C16H19ClN2.C4H4O4,分子量:390.87,CAS号:113-92-8。
马来酸氯苯那敏制剂有片剂、注射剂,又名扑尔敏,抗组胺类药,本品通过对H1受体的拮抗起到抗过敏作用。主要用于鼻炎、皮肤黏膜过敏及缓解流泪、打喷嚏、流涕等感冒症状。适应症用于感冒及皮肤粘膜过敏性疾病,功能主治荨麻疹、湿疹、皮炎、药疹、皮肤瘙痒症、神经性皮炎、虫咬症、日光性皮炎、也可用于过敏性皮炎、血管舒缩性鼻炎、药物及食物过敏等。
CN 106883167A公开了一种马来酸氯苯那敏合成方法,具体路线如下:
Figure BDA0002012618390000011
但是,该合成需要在高温高压下进行,条件较苛刻,对设备要求高。
因此,亟需提供一种条件温和、成本低,可操作性强,易于工业化的方法来制备马来酸氯苯那敏。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种条件温和、成本低,可操作性强,易于工业化的方法来制备马来酸氯苯那敏。
本发明提供了一种氯苯那敏的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)对氯苯乙腈和2-氯吡啶反应,得到中间体1;
(2)中间体1与2-二甲氨基氯乙烷反应,得到中间体2;
(3)中间体2与碱反应,得到氯苯那敏;
其中,中间体1的结构为
Figure BDA0002012618390000021
中间体2的结构为
Figure BDA0002012618390000022
进一步地,步骤(1)中,对氯苯乙腈和2-氯吡啶的质量比为2:(0.5~2);反应溶剂为有机溶剂;氯苯乙腈与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:(3~8)g/mL;反应是在催化剂的作用下完成的,氯苯乙腈与催化剂的质量比为(2~4):1;加入催化剂之前控制体系温度为10~20℃,加入催化剂之后反应温度为20~30℃,反应时间为2~10h;
和/或,步骤(1)反应结束后,还包括提纯操作,所述提纯操作为:向体系中依次加入水、盐水洗涤,取有机层,浓缩。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,对氯苯乙腈和2-氯吡啶的质量比为2:1;反应溶剂为甲苯或二甲苯;氯苯乙腈与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:3g/mL;所述催化剂为氨基钠;氯苯乙腈与催化剂的质量比为3.8:1;加入催化剂之前控制体系温度为15℃;加入催化剂之后反应温度为室温,反应时间为2~5h;
进一步地,步骤(2)中,中间体1和2-二甲氨基氯乙烷的质量比为1:(0.5~1.5);反应溶剂为有机溶剂;中间体1与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:(3~8)g/mL;反应是在催化剂的作用下完成的,中间体1与催化剂的质量比为(2~5):1;加入催化剂之前控制体系温度为20~25℃;加入催化剂之后反应温度为90~110℃,反应时间为2~10h;
和/或,步骤(2)反应结束后,还包括提纯操作,所述提纯操作为:降低体系温度至5~15℃,依次加入水、盐水洗涤,取有机层,浓缩。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,中间体1和2-二甲氨基氯乙烷的质量比为1:1;反应溶剂为甲苯或二甲苯;中间体1与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:5g/mL;所述催化剂为氨基钠;中间体1与催化剂的质量比为2.9:1;反应时间为2~5h。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述2-二甲氨基氯乙烷是由以下步骤制备得到的:2-二甲氨基氯乙烷盐酸盐在水中溶解,加入甲苯,降温至0-5℃,加入氢氧化钠溶液,搅拌,分层,取有机层。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,中间体2和碱的质量比为(5~10):1;所述碱选自强碱;反应溶剂为有机溶剂;中间体2与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:(2.0~4.0)g/mL;反应条件为加热回流,反应时间为12~36h;
和/或,步骤(3)反应结束后,还包括提纯操作,所述提纯操作为:向体系中依次加入水、盐水洗涤,取有机层,浓缩。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,中间体2和碱的质量比为7.4:1;所述碱选自氢氧化钠;反应溶剂为甲苯或二甲苯;中间体2与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:3g/mL;反应条件为加热回流,反应时间为24h。
本发明还提供了一种马来酸氯苯那敏的制备方法,包括如下步骤:取前述方法制备的氯苯那敏,与马来酸反应,得马来酸氯苯那敏。
进一步地,所述反应的溶剂为乙酸乙酯;氯苯那敏和马来酸的质量比为(1~2):1;氯苯那敏与溶剂的质量体积比为1:(2.0~4.0)g/mL;反应条件为加热回流,反应时间为1~3小时;
和/或,反应结束后,还包括提纯操作,所述提纯操作为:降温,过滤,取固体用乙酸乙酯洗涤。
本发明提供了一种氯苯那敏和马来酸氯苯那敏的制备方法,该方法合成路线短,原料易得,成本低;总收率较高,产品质量可控;反应条件温和,对设备要求低,易于工业化生产。
本文所述“185~190/15mm馏分”是指:温度在185~190℃,压力15mm/Hg时的馏出物。
本文所述“室温”是指温度为25±2℃。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
材料:本发明所用原料和试剂均为市售产品。
实施例1、合成本发明氯苯那敏、马来酸氯苯那敏的方法
根据以下合成路线,制备氯苯那敏和马来酸氯苯那敏。
Figure BDA0002012618390000041
(1)中间体1的制备
对氯苯乙腈200g、2-氯吡啶100g、甲苯600ml加入到反应瓶中,冰水冷却至15℃,加入氨基钠51.5g,加完后室温反应2~5h,TLC监控反应完全。
将反应液加水淬灭反应,分出水层,有机层用盐水200ml洗涤,有机相浓缩,得中间体1油状物190g,收率95%。
(2)中间体2的制备
2.1二甲胺基氯乙烷溶液的制备:
称取95g 2-二甲氨基氯乙烷盐酸盐溶于水中,搅拌溶解,向其中加入甲苯,搅拌,降温至0-5℃,加入氢氧化钠溶液,搅拌5min,静置分层,收集有机层,水层继续用甲苯萃取一次,合并有机层,加入无水硫酸钠搅拌30min,过滤,得2-二甲氨基氯乙烷的甲苯溶液,备用。
2.2中间体2的制备:
将100g中间体1、500ml甲苯加入到反应瓶中,20~25℃搅拌下加入氨基钠35g,搅拌25分钟,加入上述二甲胺基氯乙烷的甲苯溶液。加热,在90~110℃反应2~5h,TLC检测原料消失,冷却至10℃,加入水、盐水洗涤,浓缩得115g中间体2,收率:88%。
(3)氯苯那敏的制备
反应瓶中加入100g中间体2、二甲苯300ml、氢氧化钠13.5g,加热回流,反应24h,TLC检测反应完全,用水、盐水洗涤,浓缩,减压蒸馏,收集185~190/15mm馏分,得淡黄色液体73g,即氯苯那敏,收率80%。
取本步骤得到的氯苯那敏进行质谱检测,其质谱数据:MS(m/z):275[M+H]+,与已知氯苯那敏的质谱数据一致,证明本发明方法制备的产物的确是氯苯那敏。
(4)马来酸氯苯那敏的制备
反应瓶中加入氯苯那敏50g、乙酸乙酯100ml、马来酸31g,加热回流2h,反应过程中有固体析出,降温,搅拌析晶,过滤,滤饼中加冰乙酸乙酯洗涤,固体于50℃鼓风干燥。得白色固体64g,即马来酸氯苯那敏,收率:90%。
综上,本发明提供了一种氯苯那敏和马来酸氯苯那敏的制备方法,该方法合成路线短,原料易得,成本低;总收率较高,产品质量可控;反应条件温和,对设备要求低,易于工业化生产。

Claims (10)

1.一种氯苯那敏的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)对氯苯乙腈和2-氯吡啶反应,得到中间体1;
(2)中间体1与2-二甲氨基氯乙烷反应,得到中间体2;
(3)中间体2与碱反应,得到氯苯那敏;
其中,中间体1的结构为
Figure FDA0002012618380000011
中间体2的结构为
Figure FDA0002012618380000012
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,对氯苯乙腈和2-氯吡啶的质量比为2:(0.5~2);反应溶剂为有机溶剂;氯苯乙腈与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:(3~8)g/mL;反应是在催化剂的作用下完成的,氯苯乙腈与催化剂的质量比为(2~4):1;加入催化剂之前控制体系温度为10~20℃,加入催化剂之后反应温度为20~30℃,反应时间为2~10h;
和/或,步骤(1)反应结束后,还包括提纯操作,所述提纯操作为:向体系中依次加入水、盐水洗涤,取有机层,浓缩。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,对氯苯乙腈和2-氯吡啶的质量比为2:1;反应溶剂为甲苯或二甲苯;氯苯乙腈与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:3g/mL;所述催化剂为氨基钠;氯苯乙腈与催化剂的质量比为3.8:1;加入催化剂之前控制体系温度为15℃;加入催化剂之后反应温度为室温,反应时间为2~5h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,中间体1和2-二甲氨基氯乙烷的质量比为1:(0.5~1.5);反应溶剂为有机溶剂;中间体1与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:(3~8)g/mL;反应是在催化剂的作用下完成的,中间体1与催化剂的质量比为(2~5):1;加入催化剂之前控制体系温度为20~25℃;加入催化剂之后反应温度为90~110℃,反应时间为2~10h;
和/或,步骤(2)反应结束后,还包括提纯操作,所述提纯操作为:降低体系温度至5~15℃,依次加入水、盐水洗涤,取有机层,浓缩。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,中间体1和2-二甲氨基氯乙烷的质量比为1:1;反应溶剂为甲苯或二甲苯;中间体1与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:5g/mL;所述催化剂为氨基钠;中间体1与催化剂的质量比为2.9:1;反应时间为2~5h。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述2-二甲氨基氯乙烷是由以下步骤制备得到的:2-二甲氨基氯乙烷盐酸盐在水中溶解,加入甲苯,降温至0-5℃,加入氢氧化钠溶液,搅拌,分层,取有机层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,中间体2和碱的质量比为(5~10):1,所述碱选自强碱;反应溶剂为有机溶剂;中间体2与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:(2.0~4.0)g/mL;反应条件为加热回流,反应时间为12~36h;
和/或,步骤(3)反应结束后,还包括提纯操作,所述提纯操作为:向体系中依次加入水、盐水洗涤,取有机层,浓缩。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,中间体2和碱的质量比为7.4:1;所述碱选自氢氧化钠;反应溶剂为甲苯或二甲苯;中间体2与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:3g/mL;反应条件为加热回流,反应时间为24h。
9.一种马来酸氯苯那敏的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括以下步骤:取权利要求1-8任一项所述方法制备的氯苯那敏,与马来酸反应,得马来酸氯苯那敏。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述反应的溶剂为乙酸乙酯;氯苯那敏和马来酸的质量比为(1~2):1;氯苯那敏与溶剂的质量体积比为1:(2.0~4.0)g/mL;反应条件为加热回流,反应时间为1~3小时;
和/或,反应结束后,还包括提纯操作,所述提纯操作为:降温,过滤,取固体用乙酸乙酯洗涤。
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