CN111742802A - Method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN111742802A CN111742802A CN202010355117.7A CN202010355117A CN111742802A CN 111742802 A CN111742802 A CN 111742802A CN 202010355117 A CN202010355117 A CN 202010355117A CN 111742802 A CN111742802 A CN 111742802A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil, which adopts the methods of plowing, field soaking, leveling and calcium superphosphate adding to reduce the alkali content in the soil, and then adds microbial fertilizer to improve the nutrient content in the soil, thereby meeting the growth requirement of the potatoes. The potatoes are soaked in the special soaking solution for 5-8 hours before pregermination, so that the potatoes can be effectively sterilized and the adaptability of the potatoes to saline-alkali soil can be remarkably improved, and the yield of the potatoes is improved. Various microbial agents are added into the fertilizer, and through mutual matching of different microbial agents and combination of other components in the fertilizer, the technical effects of effectively inhibiting soil alkalization and ensuring potato growth nutrition can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil utilization, in particular to a method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil.
Background
Saline-alkali land is a general term for saline land and alkaline land. The saline soil mainly refers to saline soil with high chloride or sulfate content, and the soil is alkaline but not necessarily high in pH value. The alkaline land refers to soil containing carbonate or heavy phosphate, the pH value is high, and the soil is alkaline. The saline-alkali soil has the advantages of low organic matter content, low soil fertility, poor physical and chemical properties, more anions and cations harmful to crops, and difficult seedling promotion of the crops. The formation of alkali land and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in the soil, so that the alkalization degree is generally high, and plants in severe saline-alkali land areas can hardly survive. The salinization of the land is an ecological problem worldwide, the salinization degree of the land worldwide is in a significant rising trend at present, and the salinization of the land becomes an important limiting factor for the sustainable development of the agriculture worldwide. For the improvement of saline-alkali soil, the common methods are as follows: 1. salt washing, namely pouring water into a saline-alkali soil to dissolve the salt in the soil, draining the soluble salt and alkali in a surface soil layer into deep soil or leaching out through infiltration, and laterally infiltrating into a drainage ditch to be drained; 2. leveling the land, wherein the water can be uniformly infiltrated by leveling the land, the effects of rain and salt leaching and irrigation salt washing are improved, and spot salinization of the soil is prevented; 3. harrowing is carried out at proper time, surface soil can be loosened, and capillary water of the soil is cut off to convey salt to the ground surface, so that the effect of preventing salt return is achieved; 4. the organic fertilizer is applied additionally, the chemical fertilizer is reasonably applied, the organic fertilizer is decomposed and converted by microorganisms to form humus, and the soil conditioner can be improved to effectively improve the soil by 'alkali control'.
The potato tuber contains a large amount of starch, can provide abundant heat for human bodies, is rich in protein, amino acid, various vitamins and minerals, particularly the vitamin content of the potato tuber is the most complete of all food crops, and the potato tuber is a second staple food in European and American countries, particularly North America. The potatoes are originally produced in the Andes mountain area in south America, and the history of artificial cultivation can be traced back to the south area of Peru from 8000 to 5000 years before the first Gongyuan for the earliest time. The potato is mainly produced in China, Russia, India, Ukrainian, America and the like. China is the country with the most total production of potatoes in the world.
At present, the yield of potatoes planted in saline-alkali soil is not high, and people pay more and more attention to how to improve the yield of the potatoes through a planting method and fertilizers.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting into blocks and accelerating germination: cutting into blocks and accelerating germination 20 days before sowing, cutting each jin of potatoes into 10-15 blocks, and reserving at least one bud eye for each block; soaking the seeds in the soaking solution for 5-8 h; after being dried, the seedbed germination accelerating is started; sprinkling water for 1-2 times every day during the germination accelerating period, and sowing when the sprouts grow to 0.5-1.0cm in length;
(2) turning over: ploughing and leveling the soil in a deep ploughing mode, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30cm, adding water, and soaking the soil for 5-7 days, wherein the water surface is 2-3cm higher than the soil surface; draining accumulated water in the field, throwing the calcium superphosphate and the microbial fertilizer into the field, and turning over and ditching again;
(3) and (3) disinfecting and sowing: sowing in the spring to clear period, wherein the plant spacing is controlled to be 18-22 cm; when sowing, the seed block is placed in the ditch with the seed bud facing downwards or the seed bud facing upwards;
(4) and watering at intervals: watering the potatoes after the potatoes turn into flowers; watering once every 10 days when no rain exists in a dry land, and stopping watering 10 days before harvesting;
(5) and reasonably applying the fertilizer by adopting the microbial fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step (1), the plant ash, the glycerol and the paper mulberry juice are mixed with water to obtain a soaking solution.
Preferably, the soaking solution contains 90-95% of water by mass.
More preferably, in the soaking solution, the mass ratio of the plant ash, the glycerol and the paper mulberry juice is (2-3): (6-10): 1.
preferably, in the step (2), ditching is double-ditch field planting, and a large row of 50-55cm and a small row of 40-45cm are adopted during ditching.
Preferably, in the step (5), the microbial fertilizer comprises the following components: 3-5 parts of borax, 40-60 parts of plant ash, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 25-35 parts of microorganism and 120 parts of water.
The microorganism consists of the following components: saccharomycetes, acetobacter, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium and azotobacter.
The preservation name of the enterococcus faecium is as follows: enterococcus faecium (Enterococcus faecium) R1, deposited unit: china general microbiological culture Collection center, the preservation address is No.1 Xilu on North Chen of the Korean-Yang district, institute of microbiology, China academy of sciences, postal code: 100101, date of deposit: 2016, 1 month and 20 days, and the preservation number is: CGMCC No. 12085.
Preferably, the number of viable bacteria in the various microbial inoculum is more than 1 × 109CFU/g。
Preferably, the application amount of the microbial fertilizer is 500-1000 kg/mu.
Preferably, the application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 50-80 kg/mu.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil disclosed by the invention adopts the methods of plowing, field soaking, leveling and adding calcium superphosphate to reduce the alkali content in the soil, and then adds the microbial fertilizer to improve the nutritional ingredients in the soil, so that the growth requirement of the potatoes is met.
2. The potatoes are soaked in the special soaking solution for 5-8 hours before pregermination, so that the potatoes can be effectively sterilized and the adaptability of the potatoes to saline-alkali soil can be remarkably improved, and the yield of the potatoes is improved.
3. Various microbial agents are added into the fertilizer, and through mutual matching of different microbial agents and combination of other components in the fertilizer, the technical effects of effectively inhibiting soil alkalization and ensuring potato growth nutrition can be achieved.
4. The enterococcus faecium is generally and conventionally used in animal breeding, and is firstly used for planting potatoes in saline-alkali soil, so that the soil condition is favorably improved, the weight of a single potato plant is increased, and the per mu yield of the potatoes can be remarkably increased.
Detailed Description
The following test sites are the coastal industry base of the Yingkou of Liaoning province, and the test sites are sampled: saline-alkali soil with salt content of 1.82-1.85% and pH of 7.8-8.0 in 0-10 cm; the soil 30-40cm has salt content of 1.89-1.92% and pH of 7.8-8.0.
The test is carried out by using the Zhongshu No. 5, and the seeds are sowed in the middle and last ten days of 3 months.
Example 1
A method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting into blocks and accelerating germination: cutting into blocks and accelerating germination 20 days before sowing, cutting each jin of potatoes into 10-15 blocks, and reserving at least one bud eye for each block; soaking seeds in the soaking solution for 6 hours; after being dried, the seedbed germination accelerating is started; sprinkling water for 1-2 times every day during the germination accelerating period, and sowing when the sprouts grow to 0.5-1.0cm in length;
(2) turning over: ploughing and leveling the soil in a deep ploughing mode, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30cm, adding water, and soaking the soil for 6 days, wherein the water surface is 2-3cm higher than the soil surface; draining accumulated water in the field, throwing the calcium superphosphate and the microbial fertilizer into the field, and turning over and ditching again;
(3) and (3) disinfecting and sowing: sowing in the spring to clear period, wherein the plant spacing is controlled to be 18-22 cm; when sowing, the seed block is placed in the ditch with the seed bud facing downwards or the seed bud facing upwards;
(4) and watering at intervals: watering the potatoes after the potatoes turn into flowers; watering once every 10 days when no rain exists in a dry land, and stopping watering 10 days before harvesting;
(5) and reasonably applying the fertilizer by adopting the microbial fertilizer.
In the step (1), plant ash, glycerin and paper mulberry juice are mixed with water to obtain a soak solution.
In the soaking solution, the mass fraction of water is 92%; the mass ratio of the plant ash, the glycerin and the broussonetia papyrifera juice is 2: 7: 1.
in the step (2), ditching is double-ditch field planting, and a large row of 50-55cm and a small row of 40-45cm are adopted during ditching.
In the step (5), the microbial fertilizer comprises the following components: 4 parts of borax, 55 parts of plant ash, 18 parts of humic acid, 32 parts of microorganisms and 105 parts of water.
The microorganism comprises the following components of saccharomycetes, bacillus aceticus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium and azotobacter, wherein the mass ratio of the saccharomycetes, the bacillus aceticus, the bacillus subtilis, the enterococcus faecium to the azotobacter is 1: 1: 1: 1, and the number of the viable bacteria in various microbial inoculum is more than 1 × 109CFU/g。
The preservation name of the enterococcus faecium is as follows: enterococcus faecium (Enterococcus faecium) R1 with a deposit number: CGMCC No. 12085.
The application amount of the microbial fertilizer is 800 kg/mu.
The application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 50 kg/mu.
Example 2
A method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting into blocks and accelerating germination: cutting into blocks and accelerating germination 20 days before sowing, cutting each jin of potatoes into 10-15 blocks, and reserving at least one bud eye for each block; soaking the seeds in the soaking solution for 8 hours; after being dried, the seedbed germination accelerating is started; sprinkling water for 1-2 times every day during the germination accelerating period, and sowing when the sprouts grow to 0.5-1.0cm in length;
(2) turning over: ploughing and leveling the soil in a deep ploughing mode, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30cm, adding water, and soaking the soil for 5 days, wherein the water surface is 2-3cm higher than the soil surface; draining accumulated water in the field, throwing the calcium superphosphate and the microbial fertilizer into the field, and turning over and ditching again;
(3) and (3) disinfecting and sowing: sowing in the spring to clear period, wherein the plant spacing is controlled to be 18-22 cm; when sowing, the seed block is placed in the ditch with the seed bud facing downwards or the seed bud facing upwards;
(4) and watering at intervals: watering the potatoes after the potatoes turn into flowers; watering once every 10 days when no rain exists in a dry land, and stopping watering 10 days before harvesting;
(5) and reasonably applying the fertilizer by adopting the microbial fertilizer.
In the step (1), plant ash, glycerin and paper mulberry juice are mixed with water to obtain a soak solution.
In the soaking solution, the mass fraction of water is 95%; the mass ratio of the plant ash, the glycerin and the broussonetia papyrifera juice is 2: 10: 1.
in the step (2), ditching is double-ditch field planting, and a large row of 50-55cm and a small row of 40-45cm are adopted during ditching.
In the step (5), the microbial fertilizer comprises the following components: 3 parts of borax, 60 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of humic acid, 35 parts of microorganism and 100 parts of water.
The microorganism comprises the following components of saccharomycetes, bacillus aceticus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium and azotobacter, wherein the mass ratio of the saccharomycetes, the bacillus aceticus, the bacillus subtilis, the enterococcus faecium to the azotobacter is 1: 3: 2: 1: 2, and the number of viable bacteria in various microbial inoculum is more than 1 × 109CFU/g。
The preservation name of the enterococcus faecium is as follows: enterococcus faecium (Enterococcus faecium) R1 with a deposit number: CGMCC No. 12085.
The application amount of the microbial fertilizer is 1000 kg/mu.
The application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 80 kg/mu.
Example 3
A method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting into blocks and accelerating germination: cutting into blocks and accelerating germination 20 days before sowing, cutting each jin of potatoes into 10-15 blocks, and reserving at least one bud eye for each block; soaking seeds in the soaking solution for 5 hours; after being dried, the seedbed germination accelerating is started; sprinkling water for 1-2 times every day during the germination accelerating period, and sowing when the sprouts grow to 0.5-1.0cm in length;
(2) turning over: ploughing and leveling the soil in a deep ploughing mode, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30cm, adding water, and soaking the soil for 7 days, wherein the water surface is 2-3cm higher than the soil surface; draining accumulated water in the field, throwing the calcium superphosphate and the microbial fertilizer into the field, and turning over and ditching again;
(3) and (3) disinfecting and sowing: sowing in the spring to clear period, wherein the plant spacing is controlled to be 18-22 cm; when sowing, the seed block is placed in the ditch with the seed bud facing downwards or the seed bud facing upwards;
(4) and watering at intervals: watering the potatoes after the potatoes turn into flowers; watering once every 10 days when no rain exists in a dry land, and stopping watering 10 days before harvesting;
(5) and reasonably applying the fertilizer by adopting the microbial fertilizer.
In the step (1), plant ash, glycerin and paper mulberry juice are mixed with water to obtain a soak solution.
In the soaking solution, the mass fraction of water is 90%; the mass ratio of the plant ash, the glycerin and the broussonetia papyrifera juice is 3: 6: 1.
in the step (2), ditching is double-ditch field planting, and a large row of 50-55cm and a small row of 40-45cm are adopted during ditching.
In the step (5), the microbial fertilizer comprises the following components: 5 parts of borax, 40 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of humic acid, 25 parts of microorganisms and 120 parts of water.
The microorganism comprises the following components of saccharomycetes, bacillus aceticus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium and azotobacter, wherein the mass ratio of the saccharomycetes, the bacillus aceticus, the bacillus subtilis, the enterococcus faecium to the azotobacter is 2: 3: 1: 1: 3, the number of viable bacteria in various microbial inoculum is more than 1 × 109CFU/g。
The preservation name of the enterococcus faecium is as follows: enterococcus faecium (Enterococcus faecium) R1 with a deposit number: CGMCC No. 12085.
The application amount of the microbial fertilizer is 500 kg/mu.
The application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 80 kg/mu.
Comparative example 1
The soaking solution in the example 1 is replaced by the saponified solution and water is added, and the rest proportion and the planting method are unchanged.
The saponification liquid is prepared from plant ash, rosin powder and lard in a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1, mixing for 2 hours to form saponification liquid, and mixing the saponification liquid and water according to the weight ratio of 1: soaking seeds in 200 water for 6 hours.
Comparative example 2
The Enterococcus faecium (Enterococcus faecium) R1 in example 1 was replaced by Enterococcus faecium (lactogenesis) produced by the Ericaceae Baker organism, and the rest of the formulation and planting method were unchanged.
Comparative example 3
The enterococcus faecium in the example 1 is replaced by the conventional edible lactic acid bacteria, and the rest proportion and the planting method are unchanged.
Potatoes are planted in the following methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, and the weights per plant (average of 50 plants) and the yields per mu (average of 10 mu) of the potatoes are measured, and specific test data are shown in table 1.
Table 1: potatoes are planted by the methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, and the individual plant weight and the yield per mu of the potatoes are measured;
| example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example3 | |
| Single plant weight (g) | 415.1 | 418.7 | 389.2 | 354.9 | 370.4 | 307.6 |
| Mu yield (kg) | 1645.7 | 1672.6 | 1562.2 | 1347.6 | 1497.6 | 1264.8 |
According to the test data, the method for planting the potatoes in the saline-alkali soil can obviously improve the yield of the potatoes.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cutting into blocks and accelerating germination: cutting into blocks and accelerating germination 20 days before sowing, cutting each jin of potatoes into 10-15 blocks, and reserving at least one bud eye for each block; soaking the seeds in the soaking solution for 5-8 h; after being dried, the seedbed germination accelerating is started; sprinkling water for 1-2 times every day during the germination accelerating period, and sowing when the sprouts grow to 0.5-1.0cm in length;
(2) turning over: ploughing and leveling the soil in a deep ploughing mode, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-30cm, adding water, and soaking the soil for 5-7 days, wherein the water surface is 2-3cm higher than the soil surface; draining accumulated water in the field, throwing the calcium superphosphate and the microbial fertilizer into the field, and turning over and ditching again;
(3) and (3) disinfecting and sowing: sowing in the spring to clear period, wherein the plant spacing is controlled to be 18-22 cm; when sowing, the seed block is placed in the ditch with the seed bud facing downwards or the seed bud facing upwards;
(4) and watering at intervals: watering the potatoes after the potatoes turn into flowers; watering once every 10 days when no rain exists in a dry land, and stopping watering 10 days before harvesting;
(5) and reasonably applying the fertilizer by adopting the microbial fertilizer.
2. The method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), plant ash, glycerin and paper mulberry juice are mixed with water to obtain a soaking solution.
3. The method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of water in the soaking solution is 90-95%.
4. The method for planting high-yield potatoes in the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of plant ash, glycerin and paper mulberry juice in the soaking solution is (2-3): (6-10): 1.
5. the method for planting high-yield potatoes in the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), ditching is carried out by double-furrow field planting, and a large row is 50-55cm and a small row is 40-45cm during ditching.
6. The method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the microbial fertilizer comprises the following components: 3-5 parts of borax, 40-60 parts of plant ash, 15-20 parts of humic acid, 25-35 parts of microorganism and 120 parts of water.
7. The method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein the microorganisms consist of the following components: saccharomycetes, acetobacter, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium and azotobacter.
8. The method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 7, wherein the enterococcus faecium has a preservation name of: enterococcus faecium (Enterococcus faecium) R1 with a deposit number: CGMCC No. 12085.
9. The method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of viable bacteria in each microbial inoculum is more than 1 × 109CFU/g。
10. The method for planting high-yield potatoes in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of the microbial fertilizer is 500-1000 kg/mu; the application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 50-80 kg/mu.
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