CN109874624A - A kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method - Google Patents
A kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109874624A CN109874624A CN201910139520.3A CN201910139520A CN109874624A CN 109874624 A CN109874624 A CN 109874624A CN 201910139520 A CN201910139520 A CN 201910139520A CN 109874624 A CN109874624 A CN 109874624A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method.The method includes the steps of: (1) digging bar ditch: using powder ridge machine progress farming, sorting out two kinds of bar ditch of the depth, furrow width 20-40cm in soil surface after silt;(2) it applies base manure: organic microbial compound fertilizer material being applied into bar ditch as base manure, dosage 1500-3000kg, soil lid is returned, is leveled land per acre;(3) overlay film: mulch is covered in soil surface, the cover time is 2-3 weeks;(4) soil topdressing: the potato seedling phase carries out soil topdressing 1-3 times, each dosage 10-25kg;(5) foliage top dressing: potato Post flowering is 3-5 times continuous every progress foliage top dressing in 7-10 days.The present invention can plant potato on slight alkaline land, significantly reduce the incidence of soil-borne disease during potato planting, and improve potato yield and economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method.
Background technique
Potato is Solanaceae annual herb plant, and stem tuber can be edible, is the fourth-largest important cereal crops in the whole world, only
Inferior to wheat, paddy and corn.The pH value of slight alkaline land is between 7.1-8.5, and salt content is 3 ‰ hereinafter, by science
After regulation and restoration of the ecosystem, normal soil can be converted into.China's slight alkaline land area is larger, is becoming tight in land resource day
In the environment of, seem particularly significant using slight alkaline land long-term cropping.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method, energy
Slight alkaline land resource is enough utilized, reduces the soil-borne disease incidence during potato planting, and improve the yield of potato
And economic benefit.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) bar ditch are dug: farming, long spiral drilling head powdery ridge are carried out using the powder ridge machine for being equipped with long and short two kind augers
Tilth is 20-40cm, and short augers powdery ridge tilth is 10-20cm, sorts out the depth in soil surface after silt
Two kinds of bar ditch, furrow width 20-40cm;
(2) it applies base manure: organic microbial compound fertilizer material being applied into bar ditch as base manure, per acre dosage 1500-3000kg,
Soil lid is returned, is leveled land;
(3) overlay film: mulch is covered in soil surface, the cover time is 2-3 weeks;
(4) soil topdressing: the potato seedling phase carries out soil topdressing 1-3 times, each dosage 10-25kg;
(5) foliage top dressing: potato Post flowering is 3-5 times continuous every progress foliage top dressing in 7-10 days.
Further, the arrangement mode of powder ridge machine augers is that length augers is alternately arranged in the step (1).
Preferably, the mulch in the step (3) is stalk fibre mulch or ramee mulch.
Further, the soil topdressing mode in the step (4) is to dig at from potato plant root 10-15cm
Then the annular ditch for digging depth 5-10cm wherein by organic microbial compound fertilizer material soluble in water injection is covered small with fine earth
Ditch, and combine ridging.
Further, the foliage top dressing mode in the step (5) is that organic microbial compound fertilizer material is made into concentration 1-
5% solution is uniformly sprayed at cigarette strain blade tow sides with spray apparatus.
Further, the formula of organic microbial compound fertilizer material is municipal sludge 40-80 parts, crop in the step (2)
20-40 parts of residue, 10-30 parts of duckweed, 5-15 parts of algae, 10-30 parts of microbial bacterial agent, 5-15 parts of solubility in citric acid potash fertilizer and humic acid
5-15 parts of phosphate fertilizer.
Preferably, the crop residues include 10-20 parts of maize straw powder, 5-10 parts of gardens deadwood sawdust, pericarp 1-5
Part and eggshell 1-5 parts.
Preferably, the algae is one of seat algae, eyebrow algae, Anabaena variabilis, Scytonema arcangelii and chlorella.
Preferably, the microbial bacterial agent include 1-5 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, 1-5 parts of Trichoderma viride, 1-5 parts of Serratieae,
1-5 parts of aspergillus oryzae, aobvious pyrenomycetes 1-5 parts wealthy, 1-5 parts of bacillus coagulans and 1-5 parts of bacillus laterosporus.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) potato is planted on slight alkaline land, can efficiently use slight alkaline land resource, creates economic benefit, horse
The saline and alkaline that soil can also be reduced after bell potato harvest, forms good ecological circulation.
(2) organic microbial compound fertilizer material ferments strongly after being manured into soil, can generate a variety of organic acids for example acetic acid, butyric acid,
Isovaleric acid, propionic acid etc., to neutralize soil alkalinity.The stem tuber of potato underground part is main edible part, while susceptible soil passes
Disease for example samping off, root rot, wilt disease, tar spot, shot hole, powdery scab, ring rot, balck shank, bacterial wilt, soft rot,
Bacterial wilt and nematode etc..The organic acid that organic fertilizer fermentation generates has strong lethal effect to soil-borne pathogen, has
Machine acid is not only related with concentration to the lethal effect of soil-borne pathogen, also related with pH.The bar ditch depth as caused by powdery ridge is not
Together, in incorporation of fertilizerin the soil after be unevenly distributed in soil layer, can be generated in furrow bank and bar ditch bottom in fertilizer fermentation strong
Acid microcell, the pH in the microcell are far below the pH of soil layer, can improve the probability of the lethal soil-borne pathogen of organic acid, reinforce lethal
Effect.
(3) mulch is covered after fertilizer application, strong anaerobic reduction environment can be created in a short time, fertilizer fermentation generates
The substances such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, low price Fe and Mn also have good killing effect to soil-borne pathogen.In addition to this, due to
Soil-borne pathogen is mostly aerobic microbiological, due to the formation of anaerobic environment, group's composition of edaphon after coating processing
Great variety occurs, the soil-borne pathogen micro organism quantity of anaerobism sharply declines, to reduce the generation of potato soil-borne disease.
(4) base manure, soil topdressing and foliage top dressing all use organic microbial compound fertilizer material during potato planting,
But method of administration is varied according to the growing state of potato, can more diversely meet the nutrition need of each growth period of potato
It asks.Annular ditch is excavated when soil topdressing, applies organic microbial compound fertilizer material energy slow release fertilizer efficiency soluble in water, it can be long-acting
Nutritional ingredient needed for comprehensively supplementing potato promotes absorption of the potato to potassium ion, promotes potato growth, improves Ma Ling
Potato quality.The organic microbial compound fertilizer material solution of potato Post flowering leaf surface spraying concentration 1-5%, can enhance potato plant
Growing way improves potato quality and yield.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention,
Technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention one
Divide embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making
Every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention under the premise of creative work.
Embodiment 1
A kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) bar ditch are dug: farming, long spiral shell are carried out using the powder ridge machine for being equipped with alternately arranged long and short two kind augers
Rotary drill powdery ridge tilth is 20cm, and short augers powdery ridge tilth is 10cm, is sorted out after silt in soil surface
Two kinds of bar ditch of the depth, furrow width 20cm;
(2) it applies base manure: organic microbial compound fertilizer material being applied into bar ditch as base manure, per acre dosage 1500kg, it will be native
Earth lid returns, and levels land;
(3) overlay film: in soil surface stalks mulching fiber mulch film, the cover time is 2 weeks;
(4) soil topdressing: the potato seedling phase applies 1 soil topdressing, each dosage 25kg, and fertilizing type is from horse
At bell potato plant root 10cm, the annular ditch of depth 5cm is excavated, organic microbial compound fertilizer material soluble in water is injected it
In, ditch then is covered with fine earth, and combine ridging;
(5) foliage top dressing: potato Post flowering was every progress foliage top dressing in 7 days, and continuous 5 times, foliage top dressing mode is will
Organic microbial compound fertilizer material is made into the solution of concentration 1%, and cigarette strain blade tow sides are uniformly sprayed at spray apparatus.
The formula of above-mentioned organic microbial compound fertilizer material includes following component: 40 parts of municipal sludge, maize straw powder 20
Part, 10 parts of gardens deadwood sawdust, 5 parts of pericarp, 5 parts of eggshell, 30 parts of duckweed, 5 parts of Xi Zao, 1 part of azotobacter chroococcum, Trichoderma viride 2
Part, 1 part of Serratieae, 2 parts of aspergillus oryzae, wealthy 1 part of aobvious pyrenomycetes, 2 parts of bacillus coagulans, 1 part of bacillus laterosporus, citric-soluble potassium
10 parts and 11 parts of phosphohumate of fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
A kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) bar ditch are dug: farming, long spiral shell are carried out using the powder ridge machine for being equipped with alternately arranged long and short two kind augers
Rotary drill powdery ridge tilth is 30cm, and short augers powdery ridge tilth is 15cm, is sorted out after silt in soil surface
Two kinds of bar ditch of the depth, furrow width 30cm;
(2) it applies base manure: organic microbial compound fertilizer material being applied into bar ditch as base manure, per acre dosage 2000kg, it will be native
Earth lid returns, and levels land;
(3) overlay film: in soil surface stalks mulching fiber mulch film, the cover time is 3 weeks;
(4) soil topdressing: the potato seedling phase applies 2 soil topdressings, each dosage 15kg, and fertilizing type is from horse
At bell potato plant root 12cm, the annular ditch of depth 7cm is excavated, organic microbial compound fertilizer material soluble in water is injected it
In, ditch then is covered with fine earth, and combine ridging;
(5) foliage top dressing: potato Post flowering was every progress foliage top dressing in 8 days, and continuous 4 times, foliage top dressing mode is will
Organic microbial compound fertilizer material is made into the solution of concentration 2%, and cigarette strain blade tow sides are uniformly sprayed at spray apparatus.
The formula of above-mentioned organic microbial compound fertilizer material includes following component: 50 parts of municipal sludge, maize straw powder 18
Part, 9 parts of gardens deadwood sawdust, 4 parts of pericarp, 4 parts of eggshell, 15 parts of duckweed, 10 parts of Anabaena variabilis, 5 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, green
4 parts of trichoderma, 3 parts of Serratieae, 3 parts of aspergillus oryzae, wealthy 5 parts of aobvious pyrenomycetes, 5 parts of bacillus coagulans, 5 parts of bacillus laterosporus, Chinese holly
13 parts and 15 parts of phosphohumate of dissolubility potash fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
A kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) bar ditch are dug: farming, long spiral shell are carried out using the powder ridge machine for being equipped with alternately arranged long and short two kind augers
Rotary drill powdery ridge tilth is 40cm, and short augers powdery ridge tilth is 20cm, is sorted out after silt in soil surface
Two kinds of bar ditch of the depth, furrow width 40cm;
(2) it applies base manure: organic microbial compound fertilizer material being applied into bar ditch as base manure, per acre dosage 2500kg, it will be native
Earth lid returns, and levels land;
(3) overlay film: ramee mulch is covered in soil surface, the cover time is 2 weeks;
(4) soil topdressing: the potato seedling phase applies 3 soil topdressings, each dosage 10kg, and fertilizing type is from horse
At bell potato plant root 15cm, the annular ditch of depth 10cm is excavated, organic microbial compound fertilizer material soluble in water is injected it
In, ditch then is covered with fine earth, and combine ridging;
(5) foliage top dressing: potato Post flowering was every progress foliage top dressing in 9 days, and continuous 4 times, foliage top dressing mode is will
Organic microbial compound fertilizer material is made into the solution of concentration 3%, and cigarette strain blade tow sides are uniformly sprayed at spray apparatus.
The formula of above-mentioned organic microbial compound fertilizer material includes following component: 60 parts of municipal sludge, maize straw powder 16
Part, 5 parts of gardens deadwood sawdust, 4 parts of pericarp, 5 parts of eggshell, 20 parts of duckweed, 4 parts of Xi Zao, 15 parts of chlorella, 3 parts of azotobacter chroococcum,
1 part of Trichoderma viride, 5 parts of Serratieae, 5 parts of aspergillus oryzae, wealthy 2 parts of aobvious pyrenomycetes, 1 part of bacillus coagulans, bacillus laterosporus 3
Part, 15 parts of solubility in citric acid potash fertilizer and 5 parts of phosphohumate.
Embodiment 4
A kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) bar ditch are dug: farming, long spiral shell are carried out using the powder ridge machine for being equipped with alternately arranged long and short two kind augers
Rotary drill powdery ridge tilth is 25cm, and short augers powdery ridge tilth is 15cm, is sorted out after silt in soil surface
Two kinds of bar ditch of the depth, furrow width 30cm;
(2) it applies base manure: organic microbial compound fertilizer material being applied into bar ditch as base manure, per acre dosage 3000kg, it will be native
Earth lid returns, and levels land;
(3) overlay film: ramee mulch is covered in soil surface, the cover time is 3 weeks;
(4) soil topdressing: the potato seedling phase applies 2 soil topdressings, each dosage 20kg, and fertilizing type is from horse
At bell potato plant root 12cm, the annular ditch of depth 7cm is excavated, organic microbial compound fertilizer material soluble in water is injected it
In, ditch then is covered with fine earth, and combine ridging;
(5) foliage top dressing: potato Post flowering was every progress foliage top dressing in 10 days, and continuous 3 times, foliage top dressing mode is will
Organic microbial compound fertilizer material is made into the solution of concentration 4%, and cigarette strain blade tow sides are uniformly sprayed at spray apparatus.
The formula of above-mentioned organic microbial compound fertilizer material includes following component: 70 parts of municipal sludge, maize straw powder 10
Part, 9 parts of gardens deadwood sawdust, 1 part of pericarp, 5 parts of eggshell, 25 parts of duckweed, 3 parts of eyebrow algae, 8 parts of Scytonema arcangelii, 2 parts of azotobacter chroococcum,
5 parts of Trichoderma viride, 2 parts of Serratieae, 1 part of aspergillus oryzae, wealthy 1 part of aobvious pyrenomycetes, 3 parts of bacillus coagulans, bacillus laterosporus 1
Part, 8 parts of solubility in citric acid potash fertilizer and 7 parts of phosphohumate.
Embodiment 5
A kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) bar ditch are dug: farming, long spiral shell are carried out using the powder ridge machine for being equipped with alternately arranged long and short two kind augers
Rotary drill powdery ridge tilth is 35cm, and short augers powdery ridge tilth is 20cm, is sorted out after silt in soil surface
Two kinds of bar ditch of the depth, furrow width 20cm;
(2) it applies base manure: organic microbial compound fertilizer material being applied into bar ditch as base manure, per acre dosage 2000kg, it will be native
Earth lid returns, and levels land;
(3) overlay film: in soil surface stalks mulching fiber mulch film, the cover time is 3 weeks;
(4) soil topdressing: the potato seedling phase applies 3 soil topdressings, each dosage 15kg, and fertilizing type is from horse
At bell potato plant root 10cm, the annular ditch of depth 5cm is excavated, organic microbial compound fertilizer material soluble in water is injected it
In, ditch then is covered with fine earth, and combine ridging;
(5) foliage top dressing: potato Post flowering was every progress foliage top dressing in 7 days, and continuous 5 times, foliage top dressing mode is will
Organic microbial compound fertilizer material is made into the solution of concentration 5%, and cigarette strain blade tow sides are uniformly sprayed at spray apparatus.
The formula of above-mentioned organic microbial compound fertilizer material includes following component: 80 parts of municipal sludge, maize straw powder 10
Part, 7 parts of gardens deadwood sawdust, 2 parts of pericarp, 1 part of eggshell, 10 parts of duckweed, 12 parts of eyebrow algae, 4 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, Trichoderma viride 2
Part, 4 parts of Serratieae, 4 parts of aspergillus oryzae, wealthy 3 parts of aobvious pyrenomycetes, 3 parts of bacillus coagulans, 5 parts of bacillus laterosporus, citric-soluble potassium
5 parts and 9 parts of phosphohumate of fertilizer.
Experimental example 1
This experiment is carried out in Changsha, Hunan, and selecting 6 areas is 1 mu of hillslope processes, wherein 5 are pressed above-mentioned 5
Scheme in a embodiment is implemented, the conventional potato fertilization scheme of 1 execution, as a comparison case.Plant one season potato, planting
Potato disease incidence of soil-borne disease is recorded during planting, records yield after harvest, as a result such as following table.
Disease incidence of soil-borne disease (%) during 1 potato growth of table
Shot hole | Samping off | Bacterial wilt | Balck shank | Root-knot nematode | |
Embodiment 1 | 2.29 | 3.98 | 1.34 | 2.78 | 4.21 |
Embodiment 2 | 2.35 | 3.23 | 0.78 | 2.26 | 2.67 |
Embodiment 3 | 1.96 | 4.07 | 1.25 | 3.14 | 4.26 |
Embodiment 4 | 3.14 | 2.45 | 0.96 | 2.79 | 3.46 |
Embodiment 5 | 2.68 | 2.79 | 0.85 | 2.58 | 3.97 |
Comparative example | 10.73 | 15.64 | 12.87 | 18.42 | 16.53 |
2 potato yield of table compares (kg/ mus)
Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Comparative example | |
Yield | 3625 | 3207 | 3618 | 3591 | 3409 | 2158 |
Table data in analysis it is found that using method of administration of the present invention experiment field potato soil-borne disease during the growth process
Evil probability of happening greatly reduces, and quality and yield significantly improve.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) bar ditch are dug: farming, long spiral drilling head powdery ridge farming are carried out using the powder ridge machine for being equipped with long and short two kind augers
Depth is 20-40cm, and short augers powdery ridge tilth is 10-20cm, sorts out two kinds of the depth in soil surface after silt
Bar ditch, furrow width 20-40cm;
(2) it applies base manure: organic microbial compound fertilizer material being applied into bar ditch as base manure, per acre dosage 1500-3000kg, it will be native
Earth lid returns, and levels land;
(3) overlay film: mulch is covered in soil surface, the cover time is 2-3 weeks;
(4) soil topdressing: the potato seedling phase carries out soil topdressing 1-3 times, each dosage 10-25kg;
(5) foliage top dressing: potato Post flowering is 3-5 times continuous every progress foliage top dressing in 7-10 days.
2. a kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (1)
The arrangement mode of middle powder ridge machine augers is that length augers is alternately arranged.
3. according to a kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
(3) mulch in is stalk fibre mulch or ramee mulch.
4. a kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (4)
In soil topdressing mode be from potato plant root 3-5cm at, excavation depth 5-10cm annular ditch, will be soluble in water
Organic microbial compound fertilizer material injection wherein, then with fine earth cover ditch, and combine ridging.
5. a kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (5)
In foliage top dressing mode be the solution that organic microbial compound fertilizer material is made into concentration 1-5%, uniformly sprayed with spray apparatus
In potato leaf tow sides.
6. a kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (2)
The formula of middle organic microbial compound fertilizer material is municipal sludge 40-80 parts, 20-40 parts of crop residues, 10-30 parts of duckweed, algae
5-15 parts, 10-30 parts of microbial bacterial agent, 5-15 parts of solubility in citric acid potash fertilizer and 5-15 parts of phosphohumate.
7. a kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the crop residues
Including 10-20 parts of maize straw powder, 5-10 parts of gardens deadwood sawdust, 1-5 parts of pericarp and 1-5 parts of eggshell.
8. a kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the algae is seat
One of algae, eyebrow algae, Anabaena variabilis, Scytonema arcangelii and chlorella.
9. a kind of slight alkaline land potato planting method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the microbial bacteria
Agent include 1-5 parts of azotobacter chroococcum, 1-5 parts of Trichoderma viride, 1-5 parts of Serratieae, 1-5 parts of aspergillus oryzae, it is aobvious pyrenomycetes 1-5 parts wealthy,
1-5 parts and bacillus laterosporus 1-5 parts of bacillus coagulans.
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