CN111742733A - Method for grafting ginseng fruit by using potato plant as stock - Google Patents
Method for grafting ginseng fruit by using potato plant as stock Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for grafting ginseng fruit by using potato plants as rootstocks, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a scion; (2) selecting the rootstock: selecting potato water culture seedlings planted in an aeroponic box or potato field seedlings sowed in a field, cutting off lateral buds on stems to serve as stocks; (3) grafting: grafting the ginseng fruit scions to the stocks; (4) managing after grafting; (5) and (4) pest control. The invention grafts the ginseng fruit by taking the potato as the stock, and the operation technology is simple and easy to master. The survival rate of the ginseng fruit grafted on the potato plant is more than 70 percent, and the grafted seedling plant can produce potato tubers in the underground part and can produce the ginseng fruit in the overground plant. 3-4 potato tubers, 4-50 g each, can be produced in the underground part of each single plant, 4-6 ginseng fruits can be produced in each plant on the overground part, and the method has high academic research value, ornamental value and planting economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for grafting ginseng fruit by using potato plants as rootstocks.
Background
The ginseng fruit and potato belong to Solanaceae, and the herb plants grow for one or more years and are native to Andes mountain area of south America. The ginseng fruit is oval, the ground color is jade white when the ginseng fruit is ripe, purplish red patterns are dotted, the ginseng fruit can be hung on branches for 5-6 months without falling off, and the ginseng fruit can be used as a fruit bearing bonsai, has ornamental value and high nutritional value, has a health-care function, and can be eaten raw or used as vegetables; the underground potato tuber is rich in starch, vitamins and mineral nutrient elements, and is a grain and vegetable dual-purpose crop which is favored by people. However, no method for grafting potatoes and ginseng fruits exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for grafting ginseng fruits by using potato plants as rootstocks. According to the method, the ginseng fruit is used as the scion, the potato is used as the stock, the ginseng fruit and the potato are made into a plant through a grafting technology, and then the tomatoes on the upper part of the ground and the potatoes on the lower part of the ground can be harvested simultaneously through field cultivation management, so that the utilization rate of the ground is greatly improved, the potatoes can be produced on the lower part of the grafted seedling plant, the ginseng fruit can be produced on the upper part of the plant, the method has high academic research value, ornamental value and planting economic benefit, and the development of the potato and ginseng fruit industries can be promoted.
The invention provides a method for grafting ginseng fruit by using potato plants as rootstocks, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of scions: selecting the fresh branches of the current-year ginseng fruits which are not lignified and have no diseases or insect pests as scions;
(2) selecting the rootstock: selecting potato water-cultured seedlings with the seedling height of 10-15 cm and planted for 25-30 days in an aeroponic box or potato field seedlings with the seedling height of 10-15 cm after field sowing and seedling emergence, and cutting off lateral buds on stems to serve as stocks;
(3) grafting: taking out the ginseng fruit scions, and cutting an inclined plane at the lower ends of the scions; cutting an inclined plane at a position 5-8 cm away from the root of a potato hydroponic seedling stock or 5-8 cm above the ground of the potato field seedling stock, wherein the similarity with a scion is the highest, the upper part of the stock is not cut off, then, closely grafting the inclined plane of the ginseng fruit scion, at least ensuring that the phloem on one side is aligned with the phloem of the stock, and fixing the junction of the stock and the scion;
(4) managing after grafting;
(5) and (4) pest control.
Preferably, the variety of potatoes is Hongmei.
Preferably, in the step (4), the post-grafting management comprises the following steps:
a. after the interface is healed, the fixation is released;
b. planting the grafted survival water culture seedlings into an aeroponic box to obtain aeroponic grafted seedlings; or the field grafted survival seedlings are earthed up to enable the soil surface to reach the grafting parts, and field grafted seedlings are obtained; after grafting, culturing for 7 days under the conditions of heat preservation, moisture preservation and low light;
c. and (3) nutrition management: 8kg of urea and 12kg of potassium magnesium sulfate are applied to each mu when the field grafted seedlings are earthed;
d. water content management: spraying MS nutrient solution every 3-10 minutes after field planting of the aeroponic grafted seedlings, wherein each time lasts for 45-100 seconds; culturing the field grafted seedlings under the conditions of heat preservation, moisture preservation and low light for 7 days, gradually enhancing ventilation and illumination, hardening the seedlings, watering once every 10-15 days, and keeping the humidity of soil at 55-65%;
e. weeding in the field;
f. and (3) ginseng fruit production management: whether fog-culture seedlings or field seedlings are adopted, when the ginseng fruit seedlings are 50-52 cm high, the frames are built in time, plants are fixed, lateral branches are removed in time, blooming and fruiting are promoted, and mature ginseng fruits are collected in time; changing MS nutrient solution every 7-15 days for the aeroponic grafted seedlings, harvesting 3-5 g of expanded potato tubers in time, and storing at the low temperature of 2-4 ℃ after aging treatment; and (4) aging the overground part plants of the field grafted seedlings, and timely harvesting underground potato tubers after the ginseng fruits are harvested.
Preferably, when the grafted and alive water culture seedlings are fixedly planted in the aeroponic box, the grafted parts of the water culture seedlings reach the surface of the cover plate of the aeroponic box body.
Preferably, in the step (5), the pest control method comprises: when potatoes are sowed in the field, the seeds are dressed with mancozeb, carbendazim, polyoxin or fludioxonil, and diseased plants are pulled out in the field; after the grafted seedlings survive, acetamiprid is sprayed every 10-15 days to prevent aphids, and propineb, dimethomorph, cymoxanil manganese zinc or polypeptide preparations are sprayed every 12-15 days to improve plant resistance and prevent diseases.
Preferably, the rootstock is a potato water culture seedling planted in an aeroponic box for 25-30 days.
The invention grafts the ginseng fruit by taking the potato as the stock, and the operation technology is simple and easy to master. The survival rate of the ginseng fruit grafted on the potato plant is over 75 percent, and the grafted seedling plant can produce potato tubers in the underground part and can produce the ginseng fruit in the overground plant. 3-4 potato tubers, 4-50 g each, can be produced in the underground part of each single plant, 4-6 ginseng fruits can be produced in each plant on the overground part, and the method has high academic research value, ornamental value and planting economic benefit.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the grafting of ginseng fruit grafted with potato as a rootstock.
FIG. 2 shows a plant of a ginseng fruit grafted with potato as a rootstock.
FIG. 3 is a flower-growing diagram of a plant grafted with ginseng fruit using potato as a rootstock.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, but do not limit the invention. The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The method for grafting the ginseng fruit by using the potato plant as the rootstock comprises the following steps:
(1) scion grafting: selecting the current-year, non-lignified and disease and pest-free fresh branches of ginseng fruits as scions, keeping the length between 8cm and 10cm and the humidity between 75% and 80%, and preventing wilting.
(2) Selecting the rootstock: selecting potato water-cultured seedlings with the seedling height of 10-15 cm and planted for 25-30 days in an aeroponic box or potato field seedlings with the seedling height of 10-15 cm after field sowing and seedling emergence, and cutting off lateral buds on stems for later use.
(3) Grafting: and taking out the scions of the ginseng fruit seedlings, and cutting an inclined plane at the lower end of each scion, wherein the length of the inclined plane is 1-1.5 cm. And then, cutting an inclined plane with the length of 1-1.5 cm at the position of the potato water planting seedling stock, which is 5-8 cm away from the root or 5-8 cm higher than the ground of the potato field seedling stock, wherein the similarity with the scion is the highest, the upper part of the stock is not required to be cut off, then, the inclined plane of the ginseng fruit scion is close to the scion, at least, the phloem on one side is aligned with the phloem of the stock, and then, the joint is wound on the joint of the stock and the scion by using a plastic film for fixing.
(4) And (3) management after grafting:
a. after the connector is healed, cutting off the upper branch of the stock, and removing the plastic film;
b. planting the grafted survival water culture seedlings in an aeroponic box, and ensuring that the grafting parts of the survival water culture seedlings reach the surface of a cover plate of the aeroponic box body to obtain aeroponic grafted seedlings; or the field grafted survival seedlings are earthed up, so that the soil surface can reach the grafting parts, and the field grafted seedlings are obtained; after grafting, the temperature is kept at 18-25 ℃, the moisture is kept at 85%, and the culture is carried out for 7 days under the condition of 1000lx of weak light;
c. and (3) nutrition management: 8kg of urea and 12kg of potassium magnesium sulfate are applied to each mu when the field grafted seedlings are earthed;
d. water content management: spraying the MS nutrient solution every 3-10 minutes after the aeroponic grafted seedlings are planted, lasting 45-100 seconds every time, and replacing the MS nutrient solution every 7-15 days. After the field grafted seedlings are cultured for 7 days under the conditions of heat preservation, moisture preservation and low light, gradually enhancing ventilation and illumination to carry out hardening management, watering every 10-15 days according to weather conditions, and preferably keeping the humidity of soil to be 55-65%;
e. weeding in the field: timely pulling out weeds in the field of the grafted seedlings in the field to keep soil loose;
f. and (3) ginseng fruit production management: whether fog-culture seedlings or field seedlings are adopted, when the height of ginseng fruit seedlings is 50-52 cm, frames are built in time, plants are fixed, lateral branches are removed in time, blooming and fruiting are promoted, and mature ginseng fruits are collected in time. And (d) replacing the nutrient solution of the aeroponic grafted seedlings according to the step d regularly, harvesting 3-5 g of expanded potato tubers in time, and storing at the low temperature of 2-4 ℃ after aging treatment. And (4) aging the overground part plants of the field grafted seedlings, and timely harvesting underground potato tubers after the ginseng fruits are harvested.
(5) And (3) pest control: the main diseases of the potatoes and the ginseng fruits comprise early blight, late blight, blight and the like, and the insect pests mainly comprise aphids. The control method comprises the steps of dressing seeds with mancozeb, carbendazim, polyoxin or fludioxonil when potatoes are sowed in the field, and pulling out diseased plants in the field. And spraying acetamiprid every 10-15 days after the grafted seedlings survive to prevent aphids. And the composition is sprayed with propineb, dimethomorph, cymoxanil manganese zinc or polypeptide preparation (the main components are chitosan and amino-oligosaccharin, and the manufacturer is Hebei Biotech Co., Ltd. Huazhi) according to actual illness every 12-15 days to improve plant resistance and prevent diseases.
The survival rate of the ginseng fruit grafted by the method of the embodiment of the invention is more than 70 percent, and the grafted seedling plant can produce potato tubers in the underground part and also can produce ginseng fruit in the overground part. 3-4 potato tubers can be produced in the underground part of each plant, the weight of each potato tuber is 4-50 g, 4-6 ginseng fruits can be produced in the overground part, and the weight of each ginseng fruit is 40-50 g. The potato is excellent in quality, and the ginseng fruit is excellent in quality.
In the technology for grafting the ginseng fruit to the potatoes, the technical difficulty is that when different varieties are grafted, the potato plant varieties used for grafting are optimized by taking the ginseng fruit as the optimal potato cultivation mode and the optimal variety of the stock, the potato plant varieties used for grafting are optimized, the potato is cultivated by using the aeroponic method through continuous screening and optimization, and finally, the ginseng fruit is grafted on the potato plants on the upper part of the aeroponic box, so that the operation is most convenient, the survival rate is highest, wherein the grafting survival rate on the Hongmei of the potato varieties is the best, and the quality is the best.
Example 1
Taking the new aeroponics potato variety Hongmei as a stock to graft Yunnan seeded ginseng fruit seedlings as an example:
the method for grafting the ginseng fruit by using the potato plant as the rootstock comprises the following steps:
materials: the novel aeroponic cultivation potato variety Hongmei, Yunnan seed-bearing ginseng fruit seedlings, a blade, a plastic film, a potato aeroponic cultivation box and the like.
(1) Scion grafting: selecting the fresh and alive seedling branches of the current-year, non-lignified and disease and insect pest-free Yunnan seed ginseng fruits as scions, keeping the length at 10cm and the humidity at 78%, and preventing wilting;
(2) selecting the rootstock: selecting a new potato variety Hongmei hydroponic seedling with the seedling height of 12cm and the permanent planting time of 28 days in an aeroponic box, and cutting off lateral buds on a stem to be used as a stock;
(3) grafting: taking out the scions of the ginseng fruit seedlings, and cutting an inclined plane at the lower end of each scion, wherein the length of the inclined plane is 1.2 cm. Cutting an inclined plane with the length of 1.2cm at the position 6cm away from the root of the potato hydroponic seedling stock, wherein the similarity with the scion is the highest, the upper part of the stock is not cut off, then, the inclined plane of the ginseng fruit scion is close to the scion, the phloem at one side is at least ensured to be aligned with the phloem of the stock, and the joint is fixed by winding a plastic film on the joint of the stock and the scion;
(4) and (3) management after grafting:
a. after the connector is healed, cutting off the upper branch of the stock, and removing the plastic film;
b. planting the grafted survival water culture seedlings in an aeroponic box, and ensuring that the grafting parts of the survival water culture seedlings reach the surface of a cover plate of the aeroponic box body to obtain aeroponic grafted seedlings;
c. nutrition management and moisture management: spraying the MS nutrient solution every 5 minutes after the aeroponic grafted seedlings are fixedly planted, lasting 80 seconds every time, and replacing the MS nutrient solution every 10 days;
d. and (3) ginseng fruit production management: and (3) building frames in time when the ginseng fruit seedlings are 50cm high, fixing plants, removing lateral branches in time, promoting blooming and fruiting, and collecting mature ginseng fruits in time. C, replacing the nutrient solution of the aeroponic grafted seedlings according to the step c regularly, harvesting 5g of expanded potato tubers in time, aging, and storing at a low temperature of 3 ℃;
(5) and (3) pest control: the main diseases of the potatoes and the ginseng fruits comprise early blight, late blight, blight and the like, and the insect pests mainly comprise aphids. The prevention and control method is to spray acetamiprid every 12 days after the grafted seedlings survive to prevent aphids. And the propineb, the dimethomorph, the cymoxanil manganese zinc or the polypeptide preparation is sprayed according to actual conditions every 14 days to improve the plant resistance and prevent diseases.
The survival rate of the ginseng fruit grafted by the method of the embodiment is 75%, and grafted seedling plants can produce potato tubers in the underground part and can also produce ginseng fruit in the overground part. The average number of potato tubers in the underground part of each plant is 4, the average weight of each potato tuber is 5g, the average number of ginseng fruits in the overground part is 3.5, and the average weight of each ginseng tuber is 50 g. The potato is excellent in quality, and the ginseng fruit is excellent in quality.
Example 2
Taking a novel aeroponic potato variety LK99 as a stock to graft Yunnan seeded ginseng fruit seedlings as an example:
the method for grafting the ginseng fruit by using the potato plant as the rootstock comprises the following steps:
materials: a novel aeroponic cultivation potato variety LK99, Yunnan seeded ginseng fruit seedlings, a blade, a plastic film, a potato aeroponic cultivation box and the like.
(1) Scion grafting: selecting the fresh and alive seedling branches of the current-year, non-lignified and disease-and-pest-free Yunnan seed ginseng fruits as scions, keeping the length at 10cm and the humidity at 75 percent, and preventing wilting;
(2) selecting the rootstock: selecting a novel potato variety LK99 water-cultured seedling with the seedling height of 10cm and the planting time of 25 days in an aeroponic box, and cutting off lateral buds on a stem to be used as a stock;
(3) grafting: taking out the scions of the ginseng fruit seedlings, and cutting an inclined plane at the lower end of each scion, wherein the length of the inclined plane is 1.5 cm. Cutting an inclined plane with the length of 1.5cm at the position 8cm away from the root of the potato hydroponic seedling stock, wherein the similarity with the scion is the highest, the upper part of the stock is not cut off, then, the inclined plane of the ginseng fruit scion is close to the scion, the phloem on one side is at least ensured to be aligned with the phloem of the stock, and the joint is fixed by winding a plastic film on the joint of the stock and the scion;
(4) and (3) management after grafting:
a. after the connector is healed, cutting off the upper branch of the stock, and removing the plastic film;
b. planting the grafted survival water culture seedlings in an aeroponic box, and ensuring that the grafting parts of the survival water culture seedlings reach the surface of a cover plate of the aeroponic box body to obtain aeroponic grafted seedlings;
c. nutrition management and moisture management: spraying the MS nutrient solution every 10 minutes after the aeroponic grafted seedlings are fixedly planted, wherein the MS nutrient solution lasts for 100 seconds every time and is replaced every 15 days;
d. and (3) ginseng fruit production management: and (3) building frames in time when the ginseng fruit seedlings are 50cm high, fixing plants, removing lateral branches in time, promoting blooming and fruiting, and collecting mature ginseng fruits in time. C, replacing the nutrient solution of the aeroponic grafted seedlings at regular intervals according to the step c, harvesting the potato tubers which are expanded to 4g in time, and storing at the low temperature of 2 ℃ after aging treatment;
(5) and (3) pest control: the main diseases of the potatoes and the ginseng fruits comprise early blight, late blight, blight and the like, and the insect pests mainly comprise aphids. The prevention and control method is that acetamiprid is sprayed every 10 days after the grafted seedlings survive to prevent aphids. And the propineb, the dimethomorph, the cymoxanil manganese zinc or the polypeptide preparation is sprayed according to actual conditions every 12 days to improve the plant resistance and prevent diseases.
The survival rate of the ginseng fruit grafted by the method of the embodiment is 70%, and grafted seedling plants can produce potato tubers in the underground part and can also produce ginseng fruit in the overground part. The underground part of each plant can produce 4 potato tubers with the average weight of 4g, and the overground part can produce 3 ginseng tubers with the average weight of 40 g. The potato is excellent in quality, and the ginseng fruit is excellent in quality.
Example 3
Taking the new variety of aeroponic potato variety Gansu No. 7 as a stock to graft Yunnan seed-bearing ginseng fruit seedlings as an example:
the method for grafting the ginseng fruit by using the potato plant as the rootstock comprises the following steps:
materials: the novel aeroponic cultivation potato variety, namely No. 7 Gansu potato, the Yunnan seeded ginseng fruit seedling, a blade, a plastic film, a potato aeroponic cultivation box and the like.
(1) Scion grafting: selecting the fresh and alive seedling branches of the current-year, non-lignified and disease-and-pest-free Yunnan seed ginseng fruits as scions, keeping the length at 10cm and the humidity at 75 percent, and preventing wilting;
(2) selecting the rootstock: selecting a new potato variety No. 7 water-cultured seedling with the seedling height of 10cm and the planting time of 25 days in an aeroponic culture box, and cutting off lateral buds on a stem to be used as a stock;
(3) grafting: taking out the scions of the ginseng fruit seedlings, and cutting an inclined plane at the lower end of each scion, wherein the length of the inclined plane is 1.5 cm. Cutting an inclined plane with the length of 1.5cm at the position 8cm away from the root of the potato hydroponic seedling stock, wherein the similarity with the scion is the highest, the upper part of the stock is not cut off, then, the inclined plane of the ginseng fruit scion is close to the scion, the phloem on one side is at least ensured to be aligned with the phloem of the stock, and the joint is fixed by winding a plastic film on the joint of the stock and the scion;
(4) and (3) management after grafting:
a. after the connector is healed, cutting off the upper branch of the stock, and removing the plastic film;
b. planting the grafted survival water culture seedlings in an aeroponic box, and ensuring that the grafting parts of the survival water culture seedlings reach the surface of a cover plate of the aeroponic box body to obtain aeroponic grafted seedlings;
c. nutrition management and moisture management: spraying the MS nutrient solution every 10 minutes after the aeroponic grafted seedlings are fixedly planted, wherein the MS nutrient solution lasts for 100 seconds every time and is replaced every 15 days;
d. and (3) ginseng fruit production management: and (3) building frames in time when the ginseng fruit seedlings are 50cm high, fixing plants, removing lateral branches in time, promoting blooming and fruiting, and collecting mature ginseng fruits in time. C, replacing the nutrient solution of the aeroponic grafted seedlings at regular intervals according to the step c, harvesting the potato tubers which are expanded to 4g in time, and storing at the low temperature of 2 ℃ after aging treatment;
(5) and (3) pest control: the main diseases of the potatoes and the ginseng fruits comprise early blight, late blight, blight and the like, and the insect pests mainly comprise aphids. The prevention and control method is that acetamiprid is sprayed every 10 days after the grafted seedlings survive to prevent aphids. And the propineb, the dimethomorph, the cymoxanil manganese zinc or the polypeptide preparation is sprayed according to actual conditions every 12 days to improve the plant resistance and prevent diseases.
The survival rate of the ginseng fruit grafted by the method of the embodiment is 72 percent, and the grafted seedling plant can produce potato tubers in the underground part and also can produce the ginseng fruit in the overground plant. The underground part of each plant can produce 4 potato tubers with the average weight of 4g, and the overground part can produce 3 ginseng tubers with the average weight of 45 g. The potato is excellent in quality, and the ginseng fruit is excellent in quality.
Example 4
Taking a new potato variety Gansu No. 7 sowed in the field as a stock to graft Yunnan seeded ginseng fruit seedlings as an example:
the method for grafting the ginseng fruit by using the potato plant as the rootstock comprises the following steps:
materials: the new species of the field-sowed potato, namely, Longshu No. 7 and Yunnan seeded ginseng fruit, are seedlings, blades, plastic films and the like.
(1) Scion grafting: selecting the fresh and alive seedling branches of the current-year, non-lignified and disease-and-pest-free Yunnan seed ginseng fruits as scions, keeping the length at 10cm and the humidity at 75 percent, and preventing wilting;
(2) selecting the rootstock: selecting a new potato variety Gansu No. 7 seedling with the height of 12cm after sowing and seedling emergence in a field, cutting off lateral buds on a stem, and taking the cut lateral buds as a stock;
(3) grafting: taking out the scions of the ginseng fruit seedlings, and cutting an inclined plane at the lower end of each scion, wherein the length of the inclined plane is 1.5 cm. Cutting an inclined plane with the length of 1.5cm at a position 8cm higher than the ground of a potato field seedling stock, wherein the similarity with the scion is the highest, the upper part of the stock is not required to be cut off, then, the inclined plane of the ginseng fruit scion is close to the scion, the phloem at one side is at least ensured to be aligned with the phloem of the stock, and the joint is then fixed by winding a plastic film on the joint of the stock and the scion;
(4) and (3) management after grafting:
a. after the connector is healed, cutting off the upper branch of the stock, and removing the plastic film;
b. earthing up the grafted seedling in field to make the soil reach the grafting position to obtain grafted seedling; after grafting, the temperature is kept at 20 ℃, the moisture is kept at 85 percent, and the culture is carried out for 7 days under the condition of 1000lx of weak light;
c. nutrition management and moisture management: after culturing for 7 days under the conditions of heat preservation, moisture preservation and low light, gradually enhancing ventilation, enhancing light irradiation and other seedling exercising management, intertilling and weeding in time, and keeping soil loose, and the specific water and fertilizer management method comprises the following steps:
8kg of urea and 12kg of potassium magnesium sulfate are applied to each mu when the field grafted seedlings are earthed; watering once every 10-15 days according to weather conditions, and keeping the humidity of the soil at 60%;
d. and (3) ginseng fruit production management: and (3) building frames in time when the ginseng fruit seedlings are 50cm high, fixing plants, removing lateral branches in time, promoting blooming and fruiting, and collecting mature ginseng fruits in time. Aging plants on the overground part of the field grafted seedlings, and timely harvesting underground potato tubers after the ginseng fruits are harvested;
(5) and (3) pest control: the main diseases of the potatoes and the ginseng fruits comprise early blight, late blight, blight and the like, and the insect pests mainly comprise aphids. The control method comprises the steps of dressing seeds with mancozeb, carbendazim, polyoxin or fludioxonil when potatoes are sowed in the field, and pulling out diseased plants in the field. And spraying acetamiprid every 10 days after the grafted seedlings survive to prevent aphids. And the propineb, the dimethomorph, the cymoxanil manganese zinc or the polypeptide preparation is sprayed according to actual conditions every 12 days to improve the plant resistance and prevent diseases.
The survival rate of the ginseng fruit grafted by the method of the embodiment is 73 percent, and grafted seedling plants can produce potato tubers in the underground part and can also produce the ginseng fruit in the overground plant. The average number of potato tubers in the underground part of each plant is 4, the average weight of each potato tuber is 50g, the average number of ginseng tubers in the overground part is 3, and the average weight of each ginseng tuber is 45 g. The potato is excellent in quality, and the ginseng fruit is excellent in quality.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for grafting ginseng fruit by using potato plants as rootstocks is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of scions: selecting the fresh branches of the current-year ginseng fruits which are not lignified and have no diseases or insect pests as scions;
(2) selecting the rootstock: selecting potato water-cultured seedlings with the seedling height of 10-15 cm and planted for 25-30 days in an aeroponic box or potato field seedlings with the seedling height of 10-15 cm after field sowing and seedling emergence, and cutting off lateral buds on stems to serve as stocks;
(3) grafting: taking out the ginseng fruit scions, and cutting an inclined plane at the lower ends of the scions; cutting an inclined plane at a position 5-8 cm away from the root of a potato hydroponic seedling stock or 5-8 cm above the ground of the potato field seedling stock, wherein the similarity with a scion is the highest, the upper part of the stock is not cut off, then, closely grafting the inclined plane of the ginseng fruit scion, at least ensuring that the phloem on one side is aligned with the phloem of the stock, and fixing the junction of the stock and the scion;
(4) managing after grafting;
(5) and (4) pest control.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the variety of the potatoes is Hongmei.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step (4), the post-grafting management comprises the following steps:
a. after the interface is healed, the fixation is released;
b. planting the grafted survival water culture seedlings into an aeroponic box to obtain aeroponic grafted seedlings; or the field grafted survival seedlings are earthed up to enable the soil surface to reach the grafting parts, and field grafted seedlings are obtained; after grafting, culturing for 7 days under the conditions of heat preservation, moisture preservation and low light;
c. and (3) nutrition management: 8kg of urea and 12kg of potassium magnesium sulfate are applied to each mu when the field grafted seedlings are earthed;
d. water content management: spraying MS nutrient solution every 3-10 minutes after field planting of the aeroponic grafted seedlings, wherein each time lasts for 45-100 seconds; culturing the field grafted seedlings under the conditions of heat preservation, moisture preservation and low light for 7 days, gradually enhancing ventilation and illumination, hardening the seedlings, watering once every 10-15 days, and keeping the humidity of soil at 55-65%;
e. weeding in the field;
f. and (3) ginseng fruit production management: whether fog-culture seedlings or field seedlings are adopted, when the ginseng fruit seedlings are 50-52 cm high, the frames are built in time, plants are fixed, lateral branches are removed in time, blooming and fruiting are promoted, and mature ginseng fruits are collected in time; changing MS nutrient solution every 7-15 days for the aeroponic grafted seedlings, harvesting 3-5 g of expanded potato tubers in time, and storing at the low temperature of 2-4 ℃ after aging treatment; and (4) aging the overground part plants of the field grafted seedlings, and timely harvesting underground potato tubers after the ginseng fruits are harvested.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: and (3) when the grafted survival water culture seedlings are fixedly planted in the aeroponic culture box, enabling the grafted parts to reach the surface of the cover plate of the aeroponic culture box body.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step (5), the pest control method comprises the following steps: when potatoes are sowed in the field, the seeds are dressed with mancozeb, carbendazim, polyoxin or fludioxonil, and diseased plants are pulled out in the field; after the grafted seedlings survive, acetamiprid is sprayed every 10-15 days to prevent aphids, and propineb, dimethomorph, cymoxanil manganese zinc or polypeptide preparations are sprayed every 12-15 days to improve plant resistance and prevent diseases.
6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the rootstock is a potato water culture seedling which is planted in an aeroponic culture box for 25-30 days.
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| CN107018804A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-08-08 | 六枝特区家香农林种养殖农民专业合作社 | A kind of breeding method of tomato panax ginseng fruit |
| CN107646373A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-02-02 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of grafting cultivation method of tomato and water planting potato |
| CN108967073A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-11 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of eggplant and potato grafting cultivation method |
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| CN115589861A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2023-01-13 | 浙江大学（Cn） | Method for rapidly realizing distant grafting of medlar and potato by using test tube grafting technology |
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