CN111684999A

CN111684999A - Plant moisture-avoiding cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN111684999A
Application number: CN202010708894.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵昌斌; 邓武明; 田露申; 杨玉恒; 余青青; 宋稀; 代兵兵; 黄成云
Original assignee: Nanchong Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Nanchong Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-07-22
Filing date: 2020-07-22
Publication date: 2020-09-22
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-22
Also published as: CN111684999B

Abstract

The invention discloses a plant moisture-proof cultivation method, wherein transplanting ditches are arranged on a transplanting land according to the preset row spacing of transplanted plants, and the transplanting ditches are connected with a main drainage ditch; planting plant seedlings on the wall of the transplanting groove; after the survival of the transplanted plant seedlings is confirmed, and when the water content of the soil outside the transplanting ditch is lower than 22%, digging the soil outside the transplanting ditch and backfilling the transplanting ditch; and a drainage ditch is arranged beside the transplanting ditch. According to the invention, the transplanting ditch is formed and communicated with the main drainage ditch, so that water in the ground can be quickly drained. After the transplanting ditch is opened, water in the soil is soaked into the transplanting ditch, and open water in the transplanting ditch can flow out along the transplanting ditch. The root system of the plant seedling fixedly planted on the wall of the transplanting ditch is ensured not to be flooded by water, and the normal respiration of the plant root system is ensured.

Description

Plant moisture-avoiding cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a moisture-proof transplanting method for rape.

Background

Rape is an important oil crop in China, has the characteristic of combining land utilization with land cultivation, and is related to the problem of national civilian life. However, they have not been fully utilized because of their poor moisture resistance.

70% of rapes in China are planted in Yangtze river basin, and mainly the rice-rape crop rotation mode is adopted.

After the rice is harvested, particularly the moisture of some low-lying fields is not easy to drain, and the growing season of the rape (10-11 months per year rape transplanting period) is influenced by long-term intersection of south Pacific humid air flow and north cold air in Yangtze river basin, sometimes the continuous rainy days are more than 10-15 days. Some fields with heavy soil texture, poor air permeability and low-lying moisture are not beneficial to rape transplanting due to the fact that the underground water level is too high, the soil humidity is too high, the soil water content exceeds the lower plastic limit of the soil and is close to the upper plastic limit of the soil. If the rape is transplanted forcibly according to the prior cultivation technology, the root system of the rape can rot a large number of roots and die seedlings or runt seedlings due to oxygen deficiency. Particularly, when the rape is to be transplanted after rotary tillage and land preparation and the rape is not transplanted, continuous rainy days exist, so that the water content of soil is closer to the upper plastic limit of the soil, even if the existing cultivation measures such as ditching and drainage, soil turning, deep groove and narrow box and the like are adopted to reduce the soil moisture, the rape needs to be planted for a long time and cannot be immediately planted, so that the rape with cultivated seedlings cannot be transplanted according to the normal transplanting period, high-foot seedlings and weak seedlings are formed in a seedbed land, and the yield is greatly reduced. Therefore, farmers abandon rape planting in some strong plastic soil (clay) fields with excessive soil water content, and many wet fields in south China are not fully developed and utilized.

Rape cultivation in China is generally divided into two modes of seedling transplantation and direct seeding. The seedling transplantation can be divided into two modes of no-tillage transplantation and rotary tillage transplantation. People have always followed customary methods, i.e. existing transplantation techniques, for many years, such as: preparing soil, digging side ditches and compartment ditches, applying base fertilizer, digging pits and transplanting. When transplanting, the young seedling roots of 4-6 leaves of the rape are vertically or obliquely poured into the nest, a small piece of soil is used for compacting the fibrous root part of the root tip, the soil is used for compacting the base part of the root part from the periphery to the lowest leaf node for straight and stable planting, then a layer of soil is covered, and the nest is filled. Thus, the root, the mud, the fertilizer and the water can be tightly combined, and the survival and the revival are fast.

However, after rotary tillage and land preparation, fields where rapes are not transplanted and wet fields which are low in position and difficult to rotary tillage are prepared to be transplanted, when the fields meet continuous rainy days, soil is over wet, the water content of the soil exceeds the lower plastic limit of the soil and is close to the upper plastic limit of the soil, pits are immediately dug to forcibly transplant the rapes according to a customary method, water is accumulated in the pits of the rapes, and the roots of the rapes are in close contact with the soil to cause oxygen deficiency, so that a large amount of rotten roots, dead seedlings or dead seedlings are caused, and the result of serious yield reduction is caused. Particularly, after rotary tillage and land preparation, when rape is to be transplanted but the rape is not planted, continuous rainy days are encountered, so that the water content of soil is closer to the upper plastic limit of the soil, if the existing cultivation measures such as ditching and drainage, soil turning, deep groove narrow box, intertillage soil loosening and the like are adopted for treatment and then transplanting, the planting cost is greatly increased, and according to the years of experience of an inventor, at least 10-15 days are needed for draining excessive water. If continuous rainy days are encountered, the time is longer, so that the normal transplanting period of the rape can be delayed, high seedlings and weak seedlings can be formed in a seedbed, meanwhile, the transplanting is delayed, the survival rate is slower and slower due to the lower and lower temperature, and the serious yield reduction can be caused.

The current methods for reducing the rape wet injury in production mainly comprise three methods:

one is a breeding measure. Breeding moisture-proof varieties, but the breeding years are longer, and the moisture-proof stability of the varieties is poorer;

second, medicament treatment. Generally, after 3-5 leaf periods of rape direct seeding emergence or after transplanting survival, when the rape is subjected to wet damage, the rape moisture-resistant regulating agent is mixed with water and sprayed on rape seedlings, although a certain effect is achieved, when the rape moisture-resistant regulating agent is used on the rape seedlings which are not survived but are subjected to continuous rainy days in fields with heavy wet damage, the effect is not obvious;

and thirdly, improving cultivation measures. If ditching drainage, soil turning, deep groove narrow compartment and intertillage loosening soil are adopted to reduce the water content of the soil, a certain effect is achieved, but the time is long, the optimal rape transplanting period can be missed, the rape yield can be greatly reduced, and the rape planting cost can be greatly increased.

That is, the prior art does not fundamentally solve the problem of rape wet damage.

The scheme for solving the rape wet injury is also suitable for other plants.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a plant moisture-avoiding cultivation method which is simple to implement, has an outstanding effect of solving moisture damage, and has a very wide application prospect in agricultural/forestry production.

The inventor continuously reforms and innovates through long-term exploration and trial, and a plurality of experiments and endeavors, and in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a plant moisture-proof cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:

step S1: arranging transplanting ditches on the transplanting land according to the preset row spacing of the transplanted plants, wherein the transplanting ditches are connected with the main drainage ditch;

step S2: planting plant seedlings on the wall of the transplanting groove;

step S3: after the survival of the transplanted plant seedlings is confirmed, and when the water content of the soil outside the transplanting ditch is lower than 22%, digging the soil outside the transplanting ditch and backfilling the transplanting ditch;

step S4: and a drainage ditch is arranged beside the transplanting ditch.

Preferably, after the survival of the transplanted plant seedlings is confirmed, and when the water content of the soil outside the transplanting ditch is lower than 20%, digging the soil outside the transplanting ditch and backfilling the transplanting ditch.

Further, the transplanting plots are fields with heavy wet harms or low-lying wet fields.

According to one embodiment of the plant moisture-proof cultivation method of the present invention, at least one of the groove walls of the transplanting groove is a vertical surface, or an inclined surface having a slope greater than 60 °; the width of the transplanting groove is 20-25 cm, and the depth of the transplanting groove is 15-20 cm.

According to one embodiment of the plant moisture-proof cultivation method, the width of the drainage ditch is 20-25 cm, and the depth of the drainage ditch is 15-20 cm.

According to one embodiment of the moisture-repellent cultivation method of a plant of the present invention, the plant seedling is a rape seedling.

According to one embodiment of the plant moisture-proof cultivation method, the row spacing is 60-70 cm.

According to one embodiment of the plant moisture-avoiding cultivation method, the rape seedlings are 6-7 leaf seedlings.

Preferably, the rape seedlings are 7-leaf seedlings.

According to one embodiment of the plant moisture-proof cultivation method of the invention, in the step S2, the base of the lowest leaf node of the plant seedling is flush with the ground of the transplanting ground; the root system of the plant seedling is vertically and downwards arranged on the wall of the ditch, and the base part of the lowest leaf node and the root below the leaf node are covered and pressed by mud blocks with the water content lower than 20 percent. Overbalance simply requires pressing the base of the leaf node of the plant lightly against the root tip using a harder clod.

According to an embodiment of the method for cultivating a plant in a moisture-proof manner, in step S3, before the transplanting groove is backfilled, fertilizer is scattered in the transplanting groove.

According to one embodiment of the plant moisture-proof cultivation method, the drainage ditch is arranged in the middle of two rows of plants.

According to one embodiment of the moisture-proof cultivation method for plants, the transplanting grooves are formed in a mode that one groove is formed in a fixed planting mode.

Compared with the prior art, one of the technical solutions has the following advantages:

a) in one embodiment of the plant moisture-proof cultivation method, the transplanting ditch is formed and communicated with the main drainage ditch, so that water in the ground can be quickly drained. After the transplanting ditch is opened, water in the soil is soaked into the transplanting ditch, and open water in the transplanting ditch can flow out along the transplanting ditch. The root system of the plant seedling fixedly planted on the wall of the transplanting ditch is ensured not to be soaked by water, and the normal respiration of the plant root system is ensured.

b) In one embodiment of the plant moisture-proof cultivation method, the base of the lowest leaf node of the plant seedling is flush with the ground of the transplanting ground, the root system of the plant seedling vertically and downwards discharges on the trench wall, and the mud block with the water content lower than 20% is selected to cover and press the base of the lowest leaf node and the root below the same, so that the position of the plant seedling can be fixed, the root is not exposed, and the root is not in close contact with soil, so that gaps exist in the root system part, and the rape root system cannot grow badly due to oxygen deficiency, even rot, dead seedlings or dead seedlings.

c) In one embodiment of the plant moisture-proof cultivation method, the transplanting ditches are arranged in a mode of fixedly planting one ditch and one ditch, namely one row is planted, then one row of transplanting ditches is arranged, and transplanting is continued until the last ditch is arranged and the last row is planted. The operation is more convenient, simultaneously, the newly opened transplanting groove wall soil is moist, and the roots of the transplanted seedlings are supplied with both water and oxygen.

d) In one embodiment of the plant moisture-avoiding cultivation method, the plant seedlings are rape seedlings, and 6-7 leaf seedlings, particularly 7 leaf seedlings are selected as the rape seedlings. Proved by practice, the stress resistance of the over-aged rape leaves is poor, and the survival and the green turning of the over-aged rape leaves are slow.

e) In one embodiment of the plant moisture-proof cultivation method, the mud blocks are used for covering and pressing, and then the transplanting ditches are completely filled back, so that the roots are not anoxic due to the close contact with over-wet soil, and are not dried up due to wind or sun, and the seedling fixing function is achieved. In the existing transplanting technology, soil is adopted to stably plant the seedlings at one time, so that not only is water accumulated in the pits, but also the root systems are lack of oxygen due to too close contact with the relatively wet soil.

f) In one embodiment of the plant moisture-proof cultivation method, the drainage ditch is formed in the middle of the 2 rows of plants, so that the growth and the diffusion of the plant root system in the soil are facilitated, and the drainage of the excessive accumulated water in the later period is facilitated.

g) In one embodiment of the plant moisture-avoiding cultivation method, before the transplanting ditch is backfilled, fertilizer is spread in the transplanting ditch, the fertilizing position is deep and is closer to the root system, and meanwhile, under the action of the drainage ditch, the leaching loss rate of the fertilizer is lower and the utilization rate is higher. Meanwhile, the transplanting ditch can improve the working efficiency and reduce the labor cost through one-time sufficient fertilization.

h) The method is used for rape transplanting, and is particularly suitable for transplanting the rape on a field with strong plasticity soil, the soil water content of which exceeds the lower plastic limit of the soil and is close to the upper plastic limit of the soil, due to continuous rainy days, over-wet soil and low-lying wet field during rape transplanting. By using the method of the invention to plant the rape on the field with heavy wet injury, the rape root system can not generate anaerobic respiration due to oxygen deficiency to cause the phenomena of rotten roots, dead seedlings or dead seedlings, and simultaneously, the normal transplanting period of the rape can not be delayed due to the fact that the heavy wet injury is not beneficial to field operation, and the rape seedlings can not form high-foot seedlings and weak seedlings on the seedbed. The method has good moisture-proof effect when rape is planted on a field with strong plastic soil (clay) close to the upper plastic limit of the soil as long as the water content of the soil exceeds the lower plastic limit of the soil in both rainy and continuous weather or fine weather. During the transplanting period of rape, under the condition that the rain is continuous and the water content (weight percent) of soil is up to 28.6 percent, the no-tillage method is adopted, compared with the rape transplanted by the prior transplanting technology, the dead seedling rate of the rape transplanted by the invention is reduced by 15.5 percent, the stiff seedling rate is reduced by 30.8 percent, the healthy and strong seedling rate is improved by 46.3 percent, and the yield of the rape is increased by 43.47 percent. In the period of transplanting rape, although the weather is cloudy and sunny alternately and the soil is wet occasionally and rainless, under the condition that the water content (weight percent) of the soil is up to 26.4 percent, the no-tillage method is adopted, compared with the rape transplanted by the prior cultivation technology, the dead seedling rate of the rape transplanted by the invention is reduced by 8.2 percent, the stiff seedling rate is reduced by 17.3 percent, the healthy and strong seedling rate is improved by 25.4 percent, and the yield of the rape is increased by 26.35 percent. During the transplanting period of rape, when the rape is ploughed and revolved, and then encounters continuous rainy days, and the water content (weight percent) of soil reaches 31.7%, compared with the rape which is transplanted immediately according to the prior transplanting technology, the rape transplanted according to the invention has the advantages that the dead seedling rate is reduced by 24.7%, the stiff seedling rate is reduced by 37.4%, the healthy seedling rate is improved by 62.1%, and the yield of rapeseed is increased by 64.31%. Compared with the rape transplanted by the prior cultivation technology after the rape transplanted by the invention is drained for 16 days through a deep groove and a narrow chamber, the dead seedling rate is reduced by 3.7 percent, the dead seedling rate is reduced by 8.2 percent, the survival seedling rate is improved by 11.9 percent, and the yield of the rape is increased by 38.69 percent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transplanting groove in an embodiment of the plant moisture-proof cultivation method of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a crop transplanting position in an embodiment of the plant moisture-proof cultivation method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the transplanting of a plant in an embodiment of the cultivation method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of soil backfilling after survival of transplanted crops in an embodiment of the plant moisture-proof cultivation method of the present invention.

In the figure, 100 transplanting grooves, 200 drainage grooves, L1 transplanting groove width, L2 transplanting groove depth and L3 line spacing.

Detailed Description

The following description will be given with reference to specific examples.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.

During the transplanting of the rape all the year round, continuous rainy days are met to enable fields with heavy soil wet damage or low-lying wet field blocks to be discharged, during or after harvesting of crops in the previous season, field open water is discharged according to the conventional habitual method, and main drainage ditches around the field are opened as early as possible before transplanting of the rape to facilitate drainage. During transplanting, no matter turning over or no-turning over is performed, the field blocks are well arranged according to local habits, such as weeding, turning, opening side ditches, compartment ditches, deep ditches and narrow compartments, and then the operation is performed according to the method disclosed by the invention.

Referring to fig. 1, after rotary tillage or no-tillage, transplanting trenches 100 are opened at a row spacing L3 of about 60-70 cm during transplanting, and mechanical or manual ditching can be used. The transplanting depth L2 is 15-20 cm, and the width L1 is 20-25 cm. At least one groove wall of the transplanting groove is a vertical surface or an inclined surface with the gradient larger than 60 degrees. The section of the transplanting groove can be rectangular or V-shaped. The drawing of the present embodiment shows a case where the cross section is rectangular. The bottom of the ditch can not be blocked, so that the water in the ditch can be discharged, and for the convenience of operation, every time a transplanting ditch is opened, one transplanting ditch is transplanted, namely, one ditch is opened for planting, and then one ditch is opened.

Referring to fig. 2, the rape seedlings grow to 6-7 leaves, preferably 7 leaves, and are transplanted according to the plant spacing of about 16cm, the base of the lowest leaf segment is flush with the ground on one side of the vertical ditch wall on the side where the ditching soil is dug, and the root systems are vertically and downwards arranged on the vertical ditch wall. Thus the later period is not easy to fall down.

Referring to fig. 3, harder clods are selected, preferably clods with a water content of less than 20%, although clods with a water content of 20% to 22% may be selected to be pressed from the base of the lowermost leaf segment to the lowermost root tip. The mud block can fix the position of the rape seedling, the root part is not exposed, and the mud block is not tightly contacted with the ditch wall, so that the root part has a gap. The rape root system can not rot, die or stiff seedlings due to poor anoxic growth. And planting one row, then opening one row of transplanting ditches, and continuing transplanting until the last ditch is opened and the last row is planted.

See fig. 4. After the rape seedlings survive, fertilizer is applied to the transplanting ditches once in a scattering mode (the fertilizer is applied according to the principle of fertilization and cleaning once to reduce the labor for fertilization), then when the rape seedlings grow vigorously and soil in the field is dug by a hoe to be not sticky, the soil dug by the transplanting ditches and the soil below the soil are manually dug or mechanically ploughed and filled back to the transplanting ditches, and the transplanting ditches are dug or ploughed to the middle of two lines of rape to form a drainage ditch 200 with the depth of 15-20 cm and the width of 20-25 cm so as to facilitate the drainage of accumulated water, and then the roots of the rape can penetrate into the soil, so that the nutrients can be fully absorbed.

Under the conditions of continuous overcast and rainy days and overlarge soil humidity, the method has the following differences from the existing rape transplanting technology: firstly, the leaf age of the transplanted rape is 6-7 leaves, while the prior transplanting technology generally selects 5-6 leaves, and some of the leaves even use 4-5 leaves, because the leaf age of the rape is larger, the stress resistance can be enhanced, but the survival and the green turning are slower after the rape leaves are too large; secondly, the invention adopts ditching transplantation, the root can not be immersed by open water, and the prior transplantation technology is digging transplantation, and the water is easily accumulated in the nest; thirdly, when the method is used for transplanting, the mud blocks are simply adopted to press the roots of the rape seedlings, so that the roots cannot lack oxygen due to close contact with over-wet soil, and meanwhile, the roots cannot dry up due to wind or sun, the seedlings are fixed, the survived and revived seedlings grow strongly, the soil on the field is dried to a certain degree and then returns to the transplanting ditch with the opened soil and the soil below the soil, the drainage ditch is opened in the middle of the 2 rows of rape, the method is not only beneficial to growth and diffusion of the rape roots in the soil, but also beneficial to discharge of excessive accumulated water in the later period, and the existing transplanting technology adopts soil to stably plant the seedlings at one time, so that water is accumulated in pits, and the roots also lack oxygen due to too close contact with the wet soil.

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The protocol described in this example is the content of tests performed by the inventors in different years, and the test method in the example does not indicate specific conditions, and generally follows the conventional conditions.

Example 1

In this example, Yunan oil 683 is selected as the rape variety in the Bingan town of Chongan county, Chongba town, Chongxi province, Sichuan province.

The seedbed in this example is a dry land without wet damage, the field is a rectangular field with low depression, moisture, sticky and heavy soil texture, high ground water level, previous rice stubble, 2.2 mu area, consistent conditions of weeds, fertility, soil texture, soil humidity and the like, and the periphery is not shaded.

And 9 months and 9 days in 2017, ploughing a seedbed, rotatably leveling the soil, digging four peripheral ditches with the width of 35cm and the depth of 25cm, digging compartment ditches with the width of 2 meters, the depth of 20cm and the width of 30cm, applying 10kg of calcium superphosphate per mu, scattering the calcium superphosphate on compartment surfaces, and finely leveling.

And 4, spraying 5kg of urea per mu and 0.3kg of rape seeds per mu uniformly on the surface of the compartment after 9 months and 10 days.

And after the seedlings emerge for 9 months and 16 days, 20ml of enemy is killed, 15kg of water is added into the enemy, and the sprayed box surface is prevented from flea beetles.

And 5 days after 10 months, the field kills weeds by using the biocidal herbicide glyphosate isopropylamine salt, and the work is carried out according to a conventional method.

And (5) killing 15ml of spray booth surface mixed with 15kg of water by using a enemy for 10 months and 9 days to prevent cabbage caterpillars. During the period of 9 months and 12 days, the Japanese field is ditched to guide water to flow out of the field, and the ditches around the whole field are ditched with the width of 40cm and the depth of 30cm in 9 months and 20 days so as to facilitate water drainage.

The seedling age of the rape in the seedbed land reaches 5-7 leaves in 10 months and 20 days, land preparation is carried out in a field, transplanting is carried out, the rain is continuous during transplanting, the water content (weight percent) of soil during transplanting reaches 28.6 percent, a carriage ditch is formed by the carriage width of 3 meters, the ditch width of 35cm and the ditch depth of 25cm, and no-tillage land preparation is carried out.

And in 10 months and 21 days, dividing the field into two parts when the rape is transplanted, wherein 1.2 mu of the field is transplanted into the rape by manually opening the transplanting ditch according to the depth of the ditch of the invention, the width of the ditch is 20cm, the row spacing is 60cm and the plant spacing is 16cm, when the rape is transplanted, 6-7 robust rape seedlings are selected to enable the base of the lowest leaf node to be flush with the ground of the ditch wall at one side where soil is dug, the root system is vertically and downwards arranged on the ditch wall, harder mud blocks are selected to lightly press the base of the lowest leaf node to the lower part of the root tip, the root is not exposed, the accumulated soil in the ditch is cleaned after the rape is planted, and the condition that open water in the ditch can be discharged is taken as the standard. After the rapes transplanted in 11 months and 1 days start to gradually survive, 35kg of special compound fertilizer for Wo brand rapes is spread in the transplanting ditch per mu, and when the soil of 12 months and 25 Japan fields basically do not stick to a hoe, soil dug up from the transplanting ditch and soil below the transplanting ditch are manually dug up and filled back into the transplanting ditch, and a new drainage ditch with the ditch depth of 15cm and the ditch width of 20cm is formed between two lines of rapes, so that later-period rainwater drainage is facilitated.

And transplanting according to the existing transplanting technology by taking another 1 mu as a reference, digging and transplanting by using the row spacing of 60cm and the pit spacing of 16cm, transplanting 4-6-leaf robust rape seedlings when transplanting is carried out for 10 months and 21 days, applying 35kg of special compound fertilizer pits for Taiwa rape per mu after the rape transplanted for 11 months and 1 day gradually survives, and surveying dead seedlings, stiff seedlings and survival robust seedlings in two transplanting modes when the rape survives and grows robustly for 12 months and 15 days.

The rape in the two transplanting modes is respectively harvested in 2018, 5 months and 3 days, respectively threshed in 5 months and 10 days, respectively aired in 5 months and 11 days, and respectively called as yield in 5 months and 12 days.

The result shows that the dead seedling rate of the rape transplanted according to the invention is 3.2 percent, the runt seedling rate is 5.6 percent, and the survival healthy and strong seedling rate is 91.2 percent; the transplanting dead seedling rate is 18.7 percent according to the prior transplanting technology, the stiff seedling rate is 36.4 percent, the survival healthy and strong seedling rate is 44.9 percent, the yield of the transplanted rape seeds is 153.45 kg/mu, the yield of the transplanted rape seeds is 106.96 kg/mu according to the prior technology, and compared with the rape seeds transplanted according to the prior technology, the yield of the rape seeds is increased by 43.47 percent.

Example 2

In this example, the location of the rape is selected in the Bing dam town of Peng an city, Chong city, Sichuan province, and the rape variety is No. 6 De-YOU.

And in 2018, 9, 12 days, ploughing a seedbed and rotary-leveling the land, digging four peripheral ditches with the width of 35cm and the depth of 25cm, digging compartment ditches with the width of 2 meters, the depth of 20cm and the width of 30cm, applying 10kg of calcium superphosphate per mu, scattering the calcium superphosphate on compartment surfaces, and then finely leveling the calcium superphosphate.

And 4, spraying 5kg of urea per mu and 0.3kg of rape seeds per mu uniformly on the surface of the compartment after 9 months and 12 days.

And after the seedlings emerge for 18 days after 9 months, 20ml of enemy is killed, 15kg of water is added into the enemy, and the sprayed box surface is prevented from flea beetles.

On day 7/10, the field was treated with the biocidal herbicide glyphosate isopropylamine salt to kill weeds, all according to conventional methods.

And (5) killing 15ml of spray booth surface mixed with 15kg of water by using a enemy for 10 months and 9 days to prevent cabbage caterpillars. During the period of 9 months and 13 days, ditching in Japanese field to guide water to come out of the field, and ditching around the whole field with the ditch width of 40cm and the ditch depth of 30cm in 9 months and 22 days to facilitate drainage.

And (3) after 10 months and 20 days, the leaf age of the rape in the seedbed land reaches 5-7 leaves, the field is prepared, the plants are alternately planted in shade and sunny days during transplanting, little rain is occasionally caused, the water content (weight percent) of the soil during transplanting reaches 26.4, the grooves are opened in the positions of 3 meters of box width, 35cm of groove width and 25cm of groove depth, and no-tillage soil preparation is carried out.

10 months and 20 days, dividing the field into two parts when the rape is transplanted, wherein 1.2 mu of the rape is transplanted in a transplanting ditch with the depth of 15cm, the width of 20cm, the row spacing of 60cm and the plant spacing of 16cm, 6-7 robust rape seedlings are selected when the rape is transplanted, the base of the lowest leaf node is flush with the ground of the ditch wall at one side of the dug soil, the root system is vertically and downwards arranged on the ditch wall, harder mud blocks are selected to lightly press the base of the lowest leaf node to the lower part of the root tip, the condition that the root is not exposed outwards is taken as the criterion, the soil accumulated in the ditch is cleaned after the rape is planted, and the condition that open water in the ditch can be discharged is taken as the criterion. When the rape seedlings start to survive gradually in 11 months and 1 day, 35kg of special compound fertilizer for each mu of Wo brand rape is applied to the transplanting ditches in a broadcasting mode, soil dug up from the transplanting ditches and soil below the transplanting ditches are manually dug up to fill the transplanting ditches back into the transplanting ditches when the soil is basically dug up to be non-sticky hoe heads in 12 months and 16 days, and a new drainage ditch with the ditch depth of 15cm and the ditch width of 20cm is formed between two rows of rape so as to be beneficial to later-period rainwater drainage.

And another 1 mu is used as a reference, transplanting is carried out according to a habitual method in the prior art, digging and transplanting are carried out at a row spacing of 60cm and a pit spacing of 16cm, strong rape seedlings with 4-6 leaves are selected for transplanting in 20 days in 10 months, after the rape transplanted in 1 day in 11 months gradually survives, the composite fertilizer is applied in a composite fertilizer pit special for 35kg of Taiwa rape per mu, and when the rape survives and grows robustly in 10 days in 12 months, dead seedlings and survival strong seedlings in two transplanting modes are investigated.

Respectively harvesting rape in the two transplanting modes in 2019, 5 months and 1 day, respectively threshing in 5 months and 9 days, respectively airing in 5 months and 10 days, and respectively weighing yield in 5 months and 13 days.

The result shows that the dead seedling rate of the rape transplanted according to the invention is 2.1 percent, the runt seedling rate is 3.3 percent, and the survival healthy and strong seedling rate is 94.6 percent; the transplanting dead seedling rate is 10.3 percent according to the prior transplanting technology, the stiff seedling rate is 20.6 percent, the survival healthy and strong seedling rate is 69.1 percent, the yield of the transplanted rape seeds is 142.37 kg/mu, the yield of the transplanted rape seeds is 112.68 kg/mu according to the prior technology, and compared with the rape seeds transplanted according to the prior technology, the yield of the rape seeds is increased by 26.35 percent.

Example 3

In this example, the test base swirl stream of the national academy of agricultural sciences of Nangac was selected, and the rape variety was selected from Rong oil 18.

The embodiment is beneficial to be implemented in rainy years during rape transplanting.

In the embodiment, the experimental scheme that the rotary tillage is firstly carried out about 10 days before transplanting, and the rape is transplanted when the rape seedlings grow to about 6-7 leaves in the seedbed land after the side ditches of the compartment ditches are opened to wait for raining is adopted. The embodiment is specially designed for the conditions that the soil in the field is dry and wet, suitable for being ploughed and rotary-finished, and rains when the field is ready for transplanting and is not transplanted after ditch side ditches are opened, so that the water content (weight percent) of the soil reaches about 30 percent, and the soil texture is sticky and heavy.

The seedbed in this example is a dry land without wet damage, the field is a rectangular land with flat and wide terrain and sticky and heavy soil texture, the area of the previous stubble of corn is 4 mu, the conditions of weeds, fertility, soil texture, soil humidity and the like are consistent, and the periphery is not shaded.

And 5kg of urea is uniformly mixed with 0.3kg of rape seeds per mu for 9-month and 10-day, and the mixture is uniformly spread on the compartment surface, 20ml of enemy is used for killing the sprayed compartment surface mixed with 15kg of water after the seedlings emerge for 9-month and 16-day days, so that the flea beetles are prevented.

And (5) killing 15ml of spray booth surface mixed with 15kg of water by using a enemy for 10 months and 9 days to prevent cabbage caterpillars, wherein the work is carried out according to a conventional method.

After 10 months and 10 days, because the dry humidity of the field is moderate, manual weeding is carried out, and then, a machine is used for ploughing and rotating, then, four peripheral ditches are opened with the width of 40cm and the depth of 30cm, and compartment ditches are opened with the width of 3 meters, the width of 35cm and the depth of 25 cm.

10 and 15 days, beginning to rain, and 10 and 20 days, wherein the leaf age of the rape in the seedbed reaches 5-7 leaves, and the rape is ready to be transplanted, and the soil moisture content (weight percent) reaches 31.7, and the rain is continuous in the period. Dividing the field into three parts, wherein 1.6 mu of the field is transplanted into a transplanting ditch with the depth of 20cm, the width of 25cm, the row spacing of 70cm and the plant spacing of 16cm, selecting 6-7-leaf robust rape seedlings when transplanting, leveling the base of the lowest leaf segment with the ground of one side ditch wall where soil is dug, vertically discharging the root system downwards to the ditch wall, selecting harder mud blocks to lightly press the base of the lowest leaf segment to the lower part of the root tip, taking the condition that the root is not exposed outwards as the criterion, clearing the accumulated soil in the ditch after planting, and taking the condition that open water in the ditch can be discharged as the criterion. When the rapes start to gradually survive in 11 months and 1 days, 35kg of special compound fertilizer for each mu of Wo brand rapes are broadcast into the transplanting ditches, and in 12 months and 30 days, soil in the field is basically dug up and is not adhered with the hoe, soil dug up by digging up and filling the transplanting ditches and soil below the transplanting ditches back into the transplanting ditches till the middle of two lines of rapes is dug up to form a new drainage ditch with the depth of 20cm and the width of 25cm, which is favorable for later-period rainwater drainage; another 1.3 mu is used as a reference (referred to as reference 1 for short), 10 months and 20 days are transplanted according to the prior art, the nest is dug and transplanted with the row spacing of 70cm and the nest spacing of 16cm, 4-6 leaves of robust rape seedlings are selected for transplanting during transplanting, 35kg of composite fertilizer nest special for Taiwa rape per mu is applied when the rape gradually survives in 11 months and 1 days, and the dead seedlings, the stiff seedlings and the survival robust seedlings of the rape in the two transplanting modes are investigated when the rape survives and grows robustly in 12 months and 3 days; and 3 rd 1.1 mu is also used as a reference (referred to as reference 2 for short), after 10 months and 20 days, according to the existing cultivation measures, deep-ditch narrow-box operation is carried out, the box width is 1 meter, the ditch width is 40cm, and the ditch depth is 20cm, after 16 days of drainage (11 months and 5 days), 2 rows are planted in each box, the row spacing is 70cm, and the pit spacing is 16cm, pits are dug according to the existing transplanting method, rape seedlings are almost all high-foot seedlings and weak seedlings in a seedbed field during transplanting, when the rape seedlings gradually survive 15 days after 11 months and 20 days of transplanting, 35kg of special compound fertilizer pits for Wo rape seedlings are applied to each mu, and when the rape seedlings survive and grow robust in 12 months and 25 days, the dead seedlings and the survival and the healthy seedlings are investigated.

The rape transplanted in the three conditions is respectively harvested in 2018 in 5 months and 5 days, respectively threshed in 5 months and 13 days, respectively aired in 5 months and 14 days, and respectively called as yield in 5 months and 15 days.

The result shows that the dead seedling rate of the rape transplanted according to the invention is 5.7 percent, the runt seedling rate is 7.1 percent, and the survival healthy and strong seedling rate is 87.2 percent; the dead seedling rate of the rape (contrast 1) transplanted immediately according to the existing transplanting method is 30.4 percent, the stiff seedling rate is 44.5 percent, and the survival healthy and strong seedling rate is 25.1 percent; after deep-groove narrow-compartment drainage is carried out for 16 days, the dead seedling rate of the rape (contrast 2) transplanted according to the prior cultivation technology is 9.4 percent, the stiff seedling rate is 15.3 percent, and the survival seedling rate is 75.3 percent. The rape transplanted according to the invention has 146.53kg per mu, 89.18kg per mu according to the rape transplanted immediately in the prior art (contrast 1), and 105.65kg per mu after 16 days of deep-furrow narrow-compartment drainage according to the prior cultivation measures. Compared with the control 1, the rapeseed yield of the rape transplanted by the method is increased by 64.31 percent, and compared with the control 2, the rapeseed yield is increased by 38.69 percent.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A plant moisture-avoiding cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S2: planting plant seedlings on the wall of the transplanting groove;

step S4: and a drainage ditch is arranged beside the transplanting ditch.

2. The moisture-proof cultivation method for the plant according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the groove walls of the transplanting groove is a vertical surface or an inclined surface with a gradient of more than 60 °; the width of the transplanting groove is 20-25 cm, and the depth of the transplanting groove is 15-20 cm.

3. The moisture-proof cultivation method for plants according to claim 1, wherein the width of the drainage ditch is 20 to 25cm, and the depth is 15 to 20 cm.

4. The moisture-proof cultivation method of the plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant seedling is a rape seedling.

5. The moisture-proof cultivation method for the plant according to claim 4, wherein the row spacing is 60-70 cm.

6. The moisture-avoiding cultivation method of a plant according to claim 4, wherein the rape seedlings are 6-7 leaf seedlings.

7. The moisture-proof cultivation method of the plant as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step S2, the base of the lowest leaf node of the plant seedling is flush with the ground of the transplanting ground; the root system of the plant seedling is vertically and downwards arranged on the wall of the ditch, and the base part of the lowest leaf node and the root below the leaf node are covered and pressed by mud blocks with the water content lower than 20 percent.

8. The moisture-proof cultivation method for the plant according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, before the transplanting trench is backfilled, fertilizer is scattered in the transplanting trench.

9. The moisture-proof cultivation method for the plants according to claim 1, wherein the drainage ditch is opened in the middle of two rows of the plants.

10. The moisture-proof cultivation method for the plant according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting furrows are opened in a manner of planting a furrow and opening a furrow.