CN111673085A - 3D printing process method of high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy - Google Patents
3D printing process method of high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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Abstract
The invention relates to a 3D printing process method of a high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, and belongs to the technical field of 3D printing. Firstly, heating and melting a high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy raw material to uniformly mix the raw material; then preparing high-quality aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder from the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy in the molten state by adopting a gas atomization technology, and drying to obtain aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing; and adjusting printing parameters, and performing 3D printing in a printing device filled with inert gas according to the three-dimensional model data of the part to obtain a 3D printing product taking the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy as a raw material. Compared with the prior art, the relative density of the product printed by the process method can reach more than 99 percent, the Vickers hardness can reach more than 110HV, the tensile strength can reach more than 400MPa, the elongation can reach more than 15 percent, the Vickers hardness of the sample can reach more than 125HV through proper heat treatment, the tensile strength can be further improved to more than 455MPa, and the elongation can be kept at 13 percent or more.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and particularly relates to a 3D printing process method of a high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
Background
The 3D printing is a preparation technology for obtaining a product with a complex shape by using three-dimensional model data in a layer-by-layer accumulation mode. Compared with the traditional preparation method of plastics, ceramics, metals, alloys and composite materials, the 3D printing technology has a series of advantages of being capable of preparing products with high precision and complex shapes, saving raw materials, saving cost and the like, and has good application prospects. Currently, common 3D printing methods include direct three-dimensional printing and forming technology (3DP), selective laser melting technology (SLM), stereo light curing technology (SLA), fused deposition technology (FDM), etc., wherein the selective laser melting technology (SLM) is widely applied to 3D printing of metal powder. The metals and alloys which can be used for SLM at present mainly comprise stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy and the like, and are mainly applied to aerospace and automobile industries.
The aluminum alloy is a material which is widely concerned in the 3D printing manufacturing technology, has the characteristics of light weight, low melting point, high plasticity and the like, the weight density of the aluminum is 1.7 times lighter than that of the titanium, and the total weight of parts can be greatly reduced by using the aluminum alloy, so the aluminum alloy has wide application prospects in the automobile lightweight and aerospace industries. However, there are still many technical difficulties in producing aluminum alloys by selective laser melting methods: higher laser radiation power is required compared to titanium or steel SLM due to the high thermal conductivity and reflectivity of aluminum and aluminum alloys. The aluminum alloy powder is easily oxidized, and the sintering of the powder particles is prevented by an oxide film on the powder particles, so that the printed product may have a high porosity. Also because of these technical difficulties, none of the currently SLM printed aluminum alloys have high strength, even up to cast aluminum alloys of the same composition, but at a much higher cost than the latter. Therefore, although the industry has a high interest in 3D printing aluminum alloy, the 3D printing aluminum alloy products in the market are limited, and most aluminum alloy parts are produced by traditional processes such as casting.
Currently, a great deal of aluminum-silicon alloys with better casting performance, such as AlSi10Mg, AlSi12 and the like, are used for 3D printing of aluminum alloys. The aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by the SLM technology has the highest tensile strength of about 450MPa, the elongation of about 4 percent, moderate tensile strength and low elongation. Wrought aluminum alloys with higher strength and better ductility often suffer from a large number of cracks during SLM processing, resulting in poor product performance far from comparable to conventionally manufactured aluminum alloys. At present, ductility of the aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by SLM is slightly increased after heat treatment, but tensile property is greatly reduced, the effect of heat treatment on performance improvement is limited, and fine microstructure of the aluminum-silicon alloy is damaged to cause performance reduction. The 6xxx aluminum alloy has good plasticity, corrosion resistance, weldability and colorability, is widely applied to the fields of buildings, mechanical parts, automobile industry and the like, is a medium-strength aluminum alloy capable of being subjected to aging heat treatment, but the SLM research on the 6xxx aluminum alloy is less at present.
Researches find that rare earth elements such as Sc and the like are added into the alloy, so that the cracking problem of the wrought aluminum alloy caused by high cooling rate in the SLM process can be effectively solved, and a product with a smooth surface and no cracks is prepared. Meanwhile, Sc can also form nano Al3Sc precipitate to further improve SLM aluminumThe strength of the alloy. However, the rare earth element content is low, the price is high, and the large-scale popularization and application are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 3D printing process method of a high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy.
The invention relates to a 3D printing process method for obtaining a near-compact crack-free high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy product by controlling the powder quality, adjusting the printing parameters and improving the printing and heat treatment processes.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a 3D printing process method of a high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following steps:
heating and melting the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy raw material to uniformly mix the raw material;
preparing high-quality aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder from the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy in a molten state by adopting a gas atomization technology, and drying to obtain aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing;
and adjusting printing parameters, and performing 3D printing in a printing device filled with inert gas according to the three-dimensional model data of the part to obtain a 3D printing product taking the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy as a raw material.
In one embodiment of the invention, the chemical composition of the aluminum magnesium silicon alloy powder for 3D printing is: mg content of 0.10 wt% to 6.00 wt%, Si content of 0.05 wt% to 4.00 wt%, Zr content of 0.01 wt% to 2.00 wt%, Fe content of 0.01 wt% to 2.00 wt%, Mn content of 0.01 wt% to 1.50 wt%, Cu content of 0.01 wt% to 1.2 wt%, and the balance Al.
In one embodiment of the invention, the particle size of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing is 10-60 μm, more than 90% of the powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, the powder particles are uniform in size and good in flowability, and the powder is not oxidized in the preparation process and has excellent powder quality.
In one embodiment of the invention, the gas atomization technology refers to gas atomization by using a supersonic atomizing nozzle combining a laval structure and a hartmann structure. The specific structure of the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval and hartmann structures can refer to the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN201410553284.7, the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the two-stage laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN201410553271.x, and the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the single-stage laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN 201410553799.7.
In one embodiment of the invention, the inert gas is selected from high purity argon.
In one embodiment of the invention, the 3D printing method is Selective Laser Melting (SLM), the printing apparatus is SLM printing apparatus, and includes a laser generation device and a chamber containing a powder cylinder and a forming cylinder, the chamber is sealed during printing, an inert gas is introduced to prevent the powder from being oxidized during sintering as much as possible after the oxygen content in the chamber is lower than 0.2%, the substrate subjected to sand blasting is preheated by laser, selective laser sintering is performed according to a three-dimensional model of a part, the diameter of a laser beam spot selected for sintering is 40-70 μm, and then the printing of the product is started.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the drying is performed for 5 to 24 hours under vacuum.
In one embodiment of the invention, during printing, the powder spreading layer thickness of the first 0-3 layers is 0, at this time, the laser repeatedly scans the substrate for preheating, and then powder spreading printing is started according to the three-dimensional model of the part; the adjusted printing parameters are set to be that the laser power is between 150W and 500W, the scanning speed is between 500-2000mm/s, the printing layer thickness is 30-60 mu m, the scanning interval is 60-150 mu m, and the scanning strategy is checkerboard or bar.
In one embodiment of the invention, the printed 3D printed product from the high strength aluminum magnesium silicon alloy is heat treated to further improve performance by solid solution strengthening and/or precipitation strengthening.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the heat treatment is selected from aging or annealing at 100-.
The relative density of the product printed by the process method can reach more than 99 percent, the Vickers hardness can reach more than 110HV, the tensile strength can reach more than 400MPa, the elongation can reach more than 15 percent, the Vickers hardness of the sample can reach more than 125HV through proper heat treatment, the tensile strength can be further improved to more than 455MPa, and the elongation can be kept at 13 percent or more.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the self-made gas atomization aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder is adopted, so that high-quality 3D printing metal powder can be obtained in a large scale at low cost, the performance of the product is improved, and the wider application of the product is promoted.
(2) A small amount of Zr element is added into the raw materials of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder used by the invention, and fine Al can be formed in the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy3Zr deposition is close to deposition containing Sc, which can improve SLM performance of alloy, reduce generation of hot crack, refine microstructure of SLM product, and improve strength and ductility (existing research shows that adding Sc forms Al3Sc，Al3Zr acts like this, Al3More than 20 interfaces of Zr and the main face-centered cubic aluminum phase are matched, and the crystal lattice mismatch and the atomic density change are less than 0.52 percent and less than 1 percent, so that ideal low-energy heterogeneous nucleation sites are provided, the supercooling critical quantity required by the growth of equiaxed grains is reduced by providing high-density low-barrier heterogeneous nucleation sites at the solidification front, the formation of fine equiaxed grain tissues is facilitated, and the generation of columnar grains which easily cause thermal cracks is reduced. Al (Al)3Zr particles are uniformly combined in the structure, the strength can be improved and the grain growth is hindered due to the pinning effect, the strength and the ductility of a printed product are improved due to the generation of fine equiaxed grains and the reduction of hot cracks), the effects of Sc and Zr in the aspect of improving the alloy performance are similar, but the price of Sc is more expensive, so that the powder cost is reduced by replacing Sc with Zr;
(3) the solid solubility of Mg, Si, Mn, Fe and other elements in the raw materials of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder is increased in Al in the SLM process, and the solid solubility of other elements in the Al phase is increased, so that the lattice distortion is increased, the dislocation is more strongly hindered, the strength and the hardness of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy are further improved, the linear expansion coefficient of the Si element is small, the fluidity of alloy liquid can be improved, the melting temperature can be reduced by adding the element into the aluminum alloy, the solidification shrinkage rate of the alloy is reduced, the thermal expansion coefficient is reduced, the fluidity is improved, the crack sensitivity is favorably reduced, and the addition of a proper amount of Si can be used for producing compact aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy without cracks, so that the SLM processing performance of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is favorably improved. Moreover, the precipitates can be generated in the heat treatment process, and the performance of the alloy is further improved through precipitation strengthening;
(4) the invention controls the powder particle size to be within the range of 10-60 mu m in the SLM printing process, ensures the powder particles to have high sphericity, controls the powder particle size range and the spherical shape, ensures the powder to have good fluidity and is convenient for uniformly spreading the powder in the SLM printing process; the powder contains water, hydrogen pores can be formed, the bonding condition of the powder and a matrix is deteriorated after the powder is oxidized, impurities are easy to form and the like, so that the invention controls the powder particles to have the lowest possible water content, and simultaneously sintering is carried out under the condition of lower oxygen content, thereby avoiding the powder oxidation as much as possible. The series of measures can effectively reduce the generation of defects such as holes, cracks and the like and improve the mechanical properties such as the strength of printed products.
(5) According to the invention, by continuously adjusting the printing parameters, the generation of defects such as holes and cracks is reduced, the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is printed, the obtained aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy has compact structure and excellent mechanical property, and meanwhile, the complex post-treatment process is reduced, the energy is saved, and the cost is reduced. The method is also suitable for printing complex aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy parts and has obvious technical advantages.
(6) The invention can adjust the microstructure of the aluminum alloy by continuously adjusting the printing process parameters, particularly change the grain size of the alloy, and the refined grains can further improve the properties of the alloy, such as strength and the like.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a 3D printing process method of a high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following steps:
heating and melting the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy raw material to uniformly mix the raw material;
preparing high-quality aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder from the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy in a molten state by adopting a gas atomization technology, and drying to obtain aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing;
and adjusting printing parameters, and performing 3D printing in a printing device filled with inert gas according to the three-dimensional model data of the part to obtain a 3D printing product taking the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy as a raw material.
In one embodiment of the invention, the chemical composition of the aluminum magnesium silicon alloy powder for 3D printing is: mg content of 0.10 wt% to 6.00 wt%, Si content of 0.05 wt% to 4.00 wt%, Zr content of 0.01 wt% to 2.00 wt%, Fe content of 0.01 wt% to 2.00 wt%, Mn content of 0.01 wt% to 1.50 wt%, Cu content of 0.01 wt% to 1.2 wt%, and the balance Al.
In one embodiment of the invention, the particle size of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing is 10-60 μm, more than 90% of the powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, the powder particles are uniform in size and good in flowability, and the powder is not oxidized in the preparation process and has excellent powder quality.
In one embodiment of the invention, the gas atomization technology refers to gas atomization by using a supersonic atomizing nozzle combining a laval structure and a hartmann structure. The specific structure of the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval and hartmann structures can refer to the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN201410553284.7, the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the two-stage laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN201410553271.x, and the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the single-stage laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN 201410553799.7.
In one embodiment of the invention, the inert gas is selected from high purity argon.
In one embodiment of the invention, the 3D printing method is Selective Laser Melting (SLM), the printing apparatus is SLM printing apparatus, and includes a laser generation device and a chamber containing a powder cylinder and a forming cylinder, the chamber is sealed during printing, an inert gas is introduced to prevent the powder from being oxidized during sintering as much as possible after the oxygen content in the chamber is lower than 0.2%, the substrate subjected to sand blasting is preheated by laser, selective laser sintering is performed according to a three-dimensional model of a part, the diameter of a laser beam spot selected for sintering is 40-70 μm, and then the printing of the product is started.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the drying is performed for 5 to 24 hours under vacuum.
In one embodiment of the invention, during printing, the powder spreading layer thickness of the first 0-3 layers is 0, at this time, the laser repeatedly scans the substrate for preheating, and then powder spreading printing is started according to the three-dimensional model of the part; the adjusted printing parameters are set to be that the laser power is between 150W and 500W, the scanning speed is between 500-2000mm/s, the printing layer thickness is 30-60 mu m, the scanning interval is 60-150 mu m, and the scanning strategy is checkerboard or bar.
In one embodiment of the invention, the printed 3D printed product from the high strength aluminum magnesium silicon alloy is heat treated to further improve performance by solid solution strengthening and/or precipitation strengthening.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the heat treatment is selected from aging or annealing at 100-.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Carrying out gas atomization to obtain aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder, wherein the chemical composition of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder is as follows: mg content 3.24 wt%, Si content 2.12 wt%, Zr content 0.53 wt%, Fe content 0.56 wt%, Mn content 1.06 wt%, Cu content 0.34 wt%, and the balance Al. The average particle diameter of the powder is 30.12 μm, more than 90% of the powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, and the powder has good fluidity. The powder is dried in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ for 12 hours, then the powder is added into a cavity of a Hanbang HBD-SLM100 printer (the diameter of a laser beam spot is about 50 mu m), high-purity argon is introduced to enable the oxygen content in the cavity to be lower than 0.1%, then laser scanning is carried out for 2 times to preheat a substrate, and then powder spreading and printing are carried out according to a three-dimensional model of a part. The printing parameters are set to be 200W of laser power, the scanning speed is 1600mm/s, the printing layer thickness is 30 mu m, the scanning interval is 80 mu m, and the scanning strategy is a checkerboard. The printed sample has smooth surface without cracks, the relative density is more than 99.2 percent, the average Vickers hardness is 111HV, the tensile strength at room temperature is about 403MPa, and the elongation is about 15 percent. The obtained sample is subjected to heat treatment, aging treatment is carried out for 6h at 160 ℃, then air cooling is carried out, the average Vickers hardness of the sample after heat treatment is increased to 126HV, the tensile strength is increased to 458MPa, and the elongation is about 13%. Compared with other common SLM aluminum-silicon alloys, the prepared aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy has the advantages of equivalent strength, better ductility, capability of further improving the performance through heat treatment, capability of meeting the use requirements of aluminum alloy under most conditions, reduction of complex post-treatment process of the wrought aluminum alloy, and energy and cost saving.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a 3D printing process method of a high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following steps:
the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy raw materials (chemical composition: Mg content is 3.00 wt%, Si content is 2.00 wt%, Zr content is 1.00 wt%, Fe content is 1.00 wt%, Mn content is 1.00 wt%, Cu content is 0.60 wt%, and the balance is Al) are heated and melted to be uniformly mixed;
preparing high-quality aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder from a molten high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy by adopting a gas atomization technology, and drying the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing in vacuum for 15h to obtain the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing, wherein the particle size of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing is 10-60 mu m, more than 90% of powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, the powder particles are uniform in size and good in flowability, and cannot be oxidized in the preparation process, so that the powder quality is excellent;
adjusting printing parameters, performing 3D printing according to three-dimensional model data of a part in printing equipment with high-purity argon gas introduced, wherein the 3D printing method is Selective Laser Melting (SLM), the printing equipment is SLM printing equipment and comprises a laser generating device and a cavity containing a powder cylinder and a forming cylinder, the cavity is closed during printing, inert gas is introduced to prevent powder from being oxidized during sintering as much as possible after the oxygen content in the cavity is lower than 0.2%, the substrate subjected to sand blasting treatment is preheated by laser, selective laser sintering is performed according to the three-dimensional model of the part, the diameter of a laser beam spot selected for sintering is 55 mu m, printing of a product is started, the powder spreading layer thickness of the first 0-3 layers is 0 during printing, the laser scans the substrate repeatedly for preheating at the moment, and then powder spreading and printing are started according to the three-dimensional model of the part; the adjusted printing parameters are set to be that the laser power is 350W, the scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the printing layer thickness is 45 mu m, the scanning interval is 105 mu m, and the scanning strategy is a checkerboard or a strip, so that the 3D printing product taking the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy as the raw material is obtained.
In this embodiment, the atomization technique is atomization using a supersonic atomizing nozzle with a laval and hartmann structure. The specific structure of the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval structure and the hartmann structure can refer to the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval structure and the hartmann structure disclosed in chinese patent CN 201410553284.7.
In the embodiment, the 3D printed product with the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy as the raw material is printed for heat treatment, the heat treatment is selected to be aging treatment or annealing treatment at 250 ℃ for 40 hours, and the performance is further improved through solid solution strengthening and/or precipitation strengthening.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a 3D printing process method of a high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following steps:
the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy raw materials (chemical composition: Mg content is 0.10% wtt, Si content is 4.00% wt, Zr content is 0.01% wt, Fe content is 2.00% wt, Mn content is 0.01% wt, Cu content is 1.2% wt, and the rest is Al) are heated and melted to be uniformly mixed;
preparing high-quality aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder from a molten high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy by adopting a gas atomization technology, and drying the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing in vacuum for 5 hours to obtain the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing, wherein the particle size of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing is 10-60 mu m, more than 90% of powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, the powder particles are uniform in size and good in flowability, and cannot be oxidized in the preparation process, so that the powder quality is excellent;
adjusting printing parameters, performing 3D printing according to three-dimensional model data of a part in printing equipment with high-purity argon gas introduced, wherein the 3D printing method is Selective Laser Melting (SLM), the printing equipment is SLM printing equipment and comprises a laser generating device and a cavity containing a powder cylinder and a forming cylinder, the cavity is closed during printing, inert gas is introduced to prevent powder from being oxidized during sintering as much as possible after the oxygen content in the cavity is lower than 0.2%, the substrate subjected to sand blasting treatment is preheated by laser, selective laser sintering is performed according to the three-dimensional model of the part, the diameter of a laser beam spot selected for sintering is 40 mu m, printing of a product is started, the powder spreading layer thickness of the first 0-3 layers is 0 during printing, the laser scans the substrate repeatedly for preheating at the moment, and then powder spreading and printing are started according to the three-dimensional model of the part; the adjusted printing parameters are set to be that the laser power is 150W, the scanning speed is 500mm/s, the printing layer thickness is 30 micrometers, the scanning interval is 60 micrometers, and the scanning strategy is checkerboard or bar-shaped, so that the 3D printing product taking the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy as the raw material is obtained.
In this embodiment, the atomization technique is atomization using a supersonic atomizing nozzle with a laval and hartmann structure. The specific structure of the supersonic atomizing nozzle fusing the laval structure and the hartmann structure can refer to the supersonic atomizing nozzle fusing the secondary laval structure and the hartmann structure disclosed in chinese patent No. cn201410553271.
In the embodiment, the 3D printed product with the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy as the raw material is printed for heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment is selected from aging at 100 ℃ or annealing for 200 hours, and the performance is further improved through solid solution strengthening and/or precipitation strengthening.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a 3D printing process method of a high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, which comprises the following steps:
the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy raw materials (chemical composition: Mg content is 6.00 wt%, Si content is 0.05 wt%, Zr content is 2.00 wt%, Fe content is 0.01 wt%, Mn content is 1.50 wt%, Cu content is 0.01 wt%, and the balance is Al) are heated and melted to be uniformly mixed;
preparing high-quality aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder from a molten high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy by adopting a gas atomization technology, and drying the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing in vacuum for 24h to obtain the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing, wherein the particle size of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing is 10-60 mu m, more than 90% of powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, the powder particles are uniform in size and good in flowability, and cannot be oxidized in the preparation process, so that the powder quality is excellent;
adjusting printing parameters, performing 3D printing according to three-dimensional model data of a part in printing equipment with high-purity argon gas introduced, wherein the 3D printing method is Selective Laser Melting (SLM), the printing equipment is SLM printing equipment and comprises a laser generating device and a cavity containing a powder cylinder and a forming cylinder, the cavity is closed during printing, inert gas is introduced to prevent powder from being oxidized during sintering as much as possible after the oxygen content in the cavity is lower than 0.2%, the substrate subjected to sand blasting treatment is preheated by laser, selective laser sintering is performed according to the three-dimensional model of the part, the diameter of a laser beam spot selected for sintering is 70 mu m, printing of a product is started, the powder spreading layer thickness of the first 0-3 layers is 0 during printing, the laser scans the substrate repeatedly for preheating at the moment, and then powder spreading and printing are started according to the three-dimensional model of the part; the adjusted printing parameters are set to be that the laser power is 500W, the scanning speed is 2000mm/s, the printing layer thickness is 60 mu m, the scanning interval is 150 mu m, and the scanning strategy is a checkerboard or a strip, so that the 3D printing product taking the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy as the raw material is obtained.
In this embodiment, the atomization technique is atomization using a supersonic atomizing nozzle with a laval and hartmann structure. The specific structure of the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval structure and the hartmann structure can refer to the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval structure and the hartmann structure in a single stage disclosed in chinese patent CN 201410553799.7.
In the embodiment, the 3D printed product with the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy as the raw material is printed for heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment is selected from aging treatment or annealing treatment at 400 ℃ for 1 hour, and the performance is further improved through solid solution strengthening and/or precipitation strengthening.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A3D printing process method of a high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
heating and melting the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy raw material to uniformly mix the raw material;
preparing high-quality aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder from the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy in a molten state by adopting a gas atomization technology, and drying to obtain aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing;
and adjusting printing parameters, and performing 3D printing in a printing device filled with inert gas according to the three-dimensional model data of the part to obtain a 3D printing product taking the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy as a raw material.
2. The 3D printing process method of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein the chemical composition of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy powder for 3D printing is as follows: mg content of 0.10 wt% to 6.00 wt%, Si content of 0.05 wt% to 4.00 wt%, Zr content of 0.01 wt% to 2.00 wt%, Fe content of 0.01 wt% to 2.00 wt%, Mn content of 0.01 wt% to 1.50 wt%, Cu content of 0.01 wt% to 1.2 wt%, and the balance Al.
3. The 3D printing process method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Si alloy according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of the Al-Mg-Si alloy powder for 3D printing is 10-60 μm, and more than 90% of the powder grains are spherical or spheroidal.
4. The 3D printing process method of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein the gas atomization technology is gas atomization by using a supersonic atomizing nozzle with a laval and hartmann structure.
5. The 3D printing process method of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas is selected from high-purity argon.
6. The 3D printing process method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Si alloy according to claim 1, wherein the 3D printing method is selective laser melting, the printing equipment is SLM printing equipment and comprises a laser generating device and a cavity containing a powder cylinder and a forming cylinder, the cavity is sealed during printing, inert gas is introduced to ensure that the oxygen content in the cavity is lower than 0.2%, then laser is used for preheating the substrate subjected to sand blasting, selective laser sintering is carried out according to a three-dimensional model of a part, the diameter of a laser beam spot selected by sintering is 40-70 μm, and then the printing of a product is started.
7. The 3D printing process method of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein the drying is performed for 5-24 hours in vacuum.
8. The 3D printing process method of the high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein during printing, the thickness of the powder spreading layer of the first 0-3 layers is 0, at the moment, the laser repeatedly scans the substrate for preheating, and then powder spreading printing is started according to the three-dimensional model of the part; the adjusted printing parameters are set to be that the laser power is between 150W and 500W, the scanning speed is between 500-2000mm/s, the printing layer thickness is 30-60 mu m, the scanning interval is 60-150 mu m, and the scanning strategy is checkerboard or bar.
9. The 3D printing process method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Si alloy according to claim 1, wherein the 3D printed product using the high-strength Al-Mg-Si alloy as the raw material is subjected to heat treatment, and the performance is further improved by solid solution strengthening and/or precipitation strengthening.
10. The 3D printing process method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Si alloy as claimed in claim 9, wherein the heat treatment is selected from aging at 100-400 ℃ or annealing for 1-200 h.
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| CN114713842A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-07-08 | 西北工业大学 | Heat conduction reinforced Al-Si alloy material and laser additive forming method thereof |
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